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4 results on '"EPILEPSY, CHILDREN"'

1. The Effects of Carbamazepine, Valproic Acid and Phenobarbital on the Oxidative and Antioxidative Balance in Epileptic Children.

Author

Aycicek, Ali and Iscan, Akin

Subjects
*CARBAMAZEPINE, *OXIDATIVE stress, *VALPROIC acid, *CHILDREN with epilepsy, *ANTIOXIDANTS, *BILIRUBIN
Abstract

Background: Oxidative stress has been related in a wide variety of ways with nervous tissue. We studied the effect of antiepileptic monotherapy on serum level of total antioxidant capacity, lipid hydroperoxide, total peroxide, oxidative stress index, and individual serum antioxidants such as albumin, bilirubin and uric acid. Patients and Methods: We studied 122 subjects including healthy controls, untreated epileptic patients and epileptic patients treated with valproic acid, carbamazepine or phenobarbital. Serum total antioxidant capacity was measured as an index of antioxidants, and total peroxide was measured as index of oxidative stress. The serum concentrations of uric acid, albumin, bilirubin and lipid hydroperoxide were monitored simultaneously. Results: We found that serum total antioxidant capacity levels were significantly decreased in the untreated group compared with the controls. Serum total peroxide levels were markedly increased in the untreated and carbamazepine-treated groups compared to in the controls; and lipid hydroperoxide and oxidative stress index levels were significantly higher in the phenobarbital-treated group than in the controls. Uric acid concentrations were significantly lower in the valproic-acid-treated group than in the untreated group, and total bilirubin concentrations were higher in the untreated group than in the controls. Conclusion: Epileptic children exposed to oxidative stress and conventional antiepileptic drugs change the oxidative/antioxidative balance. The serum oxidant and antioxidant status of epileptic children with valproic acid monotherapy are better regulated compared with children with carbamazepine and phenobarbital monotherapy. Copyright © 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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2. Case Report of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency With Unusual Increase of Fats During Ketogenic Diet Treatment

Author

Valentina Gentile, Elena Di Pietro, I. Cecconi, Valentina Marchiani, Emilio Franzoni, Veronica Di Pisa, Alberto Verrotti, Di Pisa V, Cecconi I, Gentile V, Di Pietro E, Marchiani V, Verrotti A, and Franzoni E

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, fats, Ketogenic, medicine.medical_treatment, Biology, Pediatrics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Epilepsy, Refractory, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Respiratory system, Child, Preschool, pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency, triglycerides, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency Disease, Psychomotor learning, Generalized hypotonia, Cholesterol, cholesterol, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine.disease, Diet, Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency, ketogenic diet, Child, Preschool, Diet, Ketogenic, Follow-Up Studies, Triglycerides, Neurology (clinical), Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Endocrinology, chemistry, EPILEPSY, CHILDREN, Ketogenic diet
Abstract

This article describes a case of pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency in a 3-year-old boy who presented generalized hypotonia, severe psychomotor development delay, and generalized and partial seizures and was refractory to antiepileptic drugs. After the diagnosis, the patient was put on a ketogenic diet. Six months later, seizure frequency was reduced and psychomotor development had improved. At the same time he presented some side effects, such as 2 episodes of significant increases in cholesterol and triglycerides associated with viral respiratory infections. The latter decreased with a supplementation of ω-3 fatty acids and an increase in caloric intake.

Published
2012

3. Paediatric epilepsy surgery in the posterior cortex: A study of 62 cases

Author

Massimo Cossu, Lino Nobili, Laura Tassi, Stefano Francione, Alexandra Liava, Ivana Sartori, Roberto Mai, Giorgio Lo Russo, Liava, A, Mai, R, Tassi, L, Cossu, M, Sartori, I, Nobili, L, Lo Russo, G, and Francione, S

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Parietal epilepsy, Adolescent, Eye Movements, Posterior parietal cortex, Neuropsychological Tests, Stereoelectroencephalography, Epilepsy, occipital epilepsy, parietal epilepsy, epilepsy surgery, extratemporal, Epilepsy surgery, epilepsy, children, Medicine, Humans, Age of Onset, Child, Preschool, Children, MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA, Cerebral Cortex, Extratemporal epilepsy, Occipital epilepsy, Brain Neoplasms, Child, Preschool, Cognition Disorders, Electroencephalography, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Prognosis, Treatment Outcome, Neurology, Neurology (clinical), business.industry, Parietal lobe, General Medicine, Cortical dysplasia, medicine.disease, Newborn, Surgery, Age of onset, business, Occipital lobe
Abstract

Past surgical series have emphasized the diagnostic complexity of posterior cortex epilepsy. Available data are sparse, especially in children, and most published series report a high number of surgical failures and post-operative neurological deficits. In this article, we present a paediatric cohort of 62 children who underwent surgery for drug resistant posterior cortex epilepsy before the age of 16 years with a mean post-operative follow-up of 6.94 years (range: 2-16). Mean age at epilepsy onset was 3.2 years and 28 children (45%) had onset before 1 year of age. The mean age at surgery was 7.9 years (range: 1-16). Daily seizures were present in 63% of children. MRI was positive in 58 cases (93.5%) and invasive stereo-EEG was judged mandatory in 24/62 (39%) of patients. Surgery was confined to the parietal lobe in 11 children, the occipital lobe in 8, the occipito-parietal region in four, the occipito-temporal region in 18, and involved both the temporal and parietal lobes in the remaining 21. Following surgery, 53 subjects (85.5%) remained seizure-free and among those who underwent a SEEG procedure, 75% achieved seizure freedom. Focal cortical dysplasia was the most frequent histopathological diagnosis (50%), followed by tumoural (24%) and gliotic lesions (14.5%). An older age at epilepsy onset, the presence of a rather restricted epileptogenic area, and a complete resection of the epileptogenic zone were predictive of a favourable surgical outcome. These results demonstrate that a good surgical outcome is possible in children with drug resistant posterior cortex epilepsy. Accurate analysis of the chronology of ictal semiology and electrophysiological features, viewed in the context of the complete electroclinical pattern, provides a topographical orientation for posterior cortex epilepsy and, together with the presence of a lesion detectable on imaging, may improve the rate of surgical success of posterior cortex epilepsy at paediatric age.

Published
2014

4. Paediatric epilepsy surgery in the posterior cortex: a study of 62 cases

Author

Liava, A, Mai, R, Tassi, L, Cossu, M, Sartori, I, Nobili, L, Lo Russo, G, Francione, S, LIAVA, ALEXANDRA, Francione, S., Liava, A, Mai, R, Tassi, L, Cossu, M, Sartori, I, Nobili, L, Lo Russo, G, Francione, S, LIAVA, ALEXANDRA, and Francione, S.

Abstract

Past surgical series have emphasized the diagnostic complexity of posterior cortex epilepsy (PCE). Available data are sparse, especially in children, and most published series report a high number of surgical failures and post-operative neurological deficits. In this article, we present a paediatric cohort of 62 children who underwent surgery for pharmaco-resistant PCE before the age of 16 years with a mean postoperative follow-up of 6.94 years (range: 2-16). Mean age at epilepsy onset was 3.2 years and 28 children (45%) had onset before 1 year of age. The mean age at surgerywas 7.9 years (range: 1-16). Daily seizureswere present in 63% of children. MRIwas positive in 58 cases (93.5%) and invasive stereo-EEG was judged mandatory in 24/62 (39%) of patients. Surgery was confined to the parietal lobe in 11 children, the occipital lobe in 8, the occipito-parietal region in four, the occipito-temporal region in 18, and involved both the temporal and parietal lobes in the remaining 21. Following surgery, 53 subjects (85.5%) remained seizure-free and among those who underwent a SEEG procedure,75¬hievedseizure freedom. Focal cortical dysplasia was the most frequent histopathological diagnosis (50%), followed by tumoural (24%) and gliotic lesions (14.5%). An older age at epilepsy onset, the presence of a rather restricted epileptogenic area, and a complete resection of the epileptogenic zone were predictive of a favourable surgical outcome.These results demonstrate that a good surgical outcome is possible in children with pharmaco-resistant PCE. Accurate analysis of the chronology of ictal semiology and electrophysiological features, viewed in the context of the complete electroclinical pattern, provides a topographical orientation for PCE and, together with the presence of a lesion detectable on imaging, may improve the rate of surgical success of PCE at paediatric age.

Published
2014

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