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Dans ce travail, nous traiterons l’idée de la présence effective, réelle, et explicite de l’auteur dans son œuvre. Cette idée sera traitée à travers trois points. Dans le premier point, nous mettrons l’accent sur l’image ou la présence concrète et réelle de l’auteur dans son œuvre, c’est-à-dire: les personnages de théâtre contemporain et surtout les personnages de Michel Vinaver ont-ils pu présenter l’image de leur auteur tel qu’il est dans la réalité? Quels indices marquent-ils la présence concrète de l’auteur dans son œuvre loin de toutes retouches ajoutées par lui? Cette tendance de l’auteur à se présenter dans son œuvre tel qu’il est réellement est l’une des tendances du théâtre quotidien. Ce penchement paraît normal parce que, en France, les gens qui travaillent, à côté de leurs métiers, ont tendance à écrire, à jouer, à danser, etc. Ils ont des activités qui relèvent de leur désir personnel. Ainsi, dans notre pièce, c’est de la dramaturgie, parce que Passemar, l’image de l’auteur dans Par-dessus bord essaie toujours d’écrire une pièce de théâtre. Ainsi, Vinaver se présente réellement non pas à travers une image falsifiée, une image souhaitée, une image désirée, c’est l’image telle qu’elle est avec tous ses défauts. Deuxièmement, nous analyserons le rôle, le portrait du bouffon présenté par le personnage principal qui incarne l’auteur dans la pièce. Nous consacrons le dernier point au monde du travail dans l’entreprise et son influence sur la vie des personnages pour mettre en lumière le rapport qui lie les personnages avec leur monde du travail, de l’entreprise.

Reverse mentoring is when experienced managers learn from younger workers. It is an important measure in the face of demographic and digital change, providing participants with an opportunity to gain more intergenerational awareness. This knowledge transfer supports digital transformation and the resulting networks across business units and hierarchy levels create an open, attractive corporate culture. This article describes how the concept is being embraced at the Deutsche Bundesbank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Economic Sciences, Management & Commercial Sciences (JESMCS) is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studies in Contrastive Grammar / Studii de Gramatica Contrastiva is the property of Universitatea din Pitesti and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Si le médiévalisme des romantiques – et par la suite de la fantasy – exprime une réaction négative – voire une critique – de la modernité industrielle, il est frappant de constater que celle-ci s’est aussi emparée des tropes du Moyen Âge imaginaire pour développer son propre discours. L’entreprise Disney constitue un exemple parfait de ce type d’appropriation. Le médiévalisme est non seulement au cœur de ses fictions, mais également au centre de ses parcs d’attractions, tous construits autour d’un château. Celui-ci opère comme la réalisation d’un rêve abordable pour tous, celui de l’homme du peuple transformé en prince, qui fait écho au mythe américain du self-made man. Mais à bien y regarder, c’est une promesse qui s’intègre dans un processus commercial auquel seuls les plus riches ont accès. Suivant cette logique, le château devient même le symbole du génie entrepreneurial de Walt Disney et permet de parer sa société d’une imagerie médiévaliste faisant justement oublier à quel point cette multinationale est un produit de la modernité industrielle.

Cet article vise à analyser la rentabilité des entreprises de Télécommunication cellulaire en République Démocratique du Congo. Considérant le boom observé dans ce secteur depuis quelques années, et au regard de la revue de la littérature disponible, peu de recherches ont été effectuées sur la rentabilité des entreprises de ce secteur. Dans le cadre de cette recherche, nous avons recouru au modèle Dupont pour mesurer la performance financière des trois plus importantes entreprises de Télécommunication cellulaire en RDC au cours de la période allant de 2017 à 2021, le test d’indépendance de Student a également été utilisé pour mesurer si les différences de performance entre les entreprises sont statistiquement significatives. Les résultats ont démontré des performances très mitigées des trois entreprises du secteur durant la période d’étude.

Le marché des assurances a été libéralisé en RD Congo depuis l’an 2015, après une longue période de monopole de la SONAS. C’est ainsi que le Code des assurances a été élaboré depuis cette année pour être promulgué à 2016 conduisant à la création de l’Autorité de Régulation et de Contrôle des Assurances (ARCA, en sigle), structure chargée de la régulation et du contrôle de toutes les entreprises d’assurance. Devenues nombreuses sur le marché, nous nous intéressés à l’analyse des mécanismes de gouvernance mis en place par deux entreprises d’assurances, l’une publique (la SONAS) et l’autre privée (le Groupe ACTIVA Assurances RDC SA), afin de comprendre leur impact sur la performance desdites entreprises. L’examen de la situation présente une bonne mise en pratique des mécanismes de gouvernance au sein du Groupe ACTIVA Assurances RDC SA qui place la satisfaction des clients au premier plan. Ceci fait que le groupe réalise une bonne performance durant trois années étudiées, soit de 2019 à 2021, avec tous les indicateurs positifs. Son chiffre d’affaires a connu une croissance de 205,74% à 2020 et de 38,12% à 2021. De l’autre côté, la SONAS fait face à une mauvaise application des mécanismes de gouvernance et connait des résultats négatifs pendant toute la période. Son chiffre d’affaires a d’ailleurs diminué de -5,49% à 2020 pour se ressaisir à 2021 avec une croissance de 24,54%.

Actuellement nous constatons dans la pratique judiciaire de notre Pays, un nombre important des actions initiées par les employeurs à charge de leurs employés – délégués syndicaux. Souvent la procédure de poursuite parait irrégulière du fait que peu des praticiens connaissent la procédure à suivre pour le licenciement des délégués syndicaux. Par ailleurs, nous tenons à préciser que le délégué syndical est, avant tout, employé et doit obéir aux instructions de son employeur et surtout servir d’exemple pour les gens qu’il représente. La protection dont bénéficie un délégué syndical en matière de résiliation du contrat vise principalement à l’épargner contre des sanctions dont l’activité syndicale en constitue le soubassement.

Objectif : L’objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre comment les entreprises du e-commerce camerounaises se redéployent en contexte de pandémie de la COVID-19 pour améliorer leurs performances. Méthode : Relativement à la spécificité de ce sujet et pour atteindre l’objectif de cette recherche, une approche exploratoire est mobilisée. Ainsi, sur la base d’une démarche qualitative, une étude de cas multiples axée sur les entretiens semi-directifs auprès de 08 (huit) dirigeants d’entreprises du e-commerce au Cameroun est effectuée. La technique d’analyse privilégiée à cet effet, est une étude thématique de contenu et lexicale par l’assistance du logiciel d’analyse qualitative NVivo10. Résultats : Il ressort de l’analyse des résultats assez originaux et partiellement contraire aux prédictions de la perversité de la covid-19 sur le commerce en général. En effet, les résultats obtenus laissent paraitre un effet mitigé de la pandémie de la covid-19 sur la performance des entreprises du e-commerce au Cameroun. Ainsi, les e-commerçants camerounais ont développé des stratégies et adoptés des innovations telles que le télétravail, l’animation des plateformes de ventes, l’augmentation du personnel, l’établissement de relations solides avec les clients pour effet améliorer leurs performances pendant la pandémie. Cependant, malgré les stratégies développées, certains n’ont pas su tirer profit de la pandémie, ceci dû à une série d’obstacles qui existent dans ce secteur. Originalité : Au-delà de la multitude d’études qui traite des effets du COVID-19 et de la performance des entreprises du e-commerce, rares sont les études en sciences de gestion qui les mettent en relation au Cameroun. L’originalité de cette étude réside la démarche méthodologique et la singularité de l’analyse qui permettent d’identifier les facteurs de performance des entreprises de e-commerce en période de crise.

Copyright of Journal of Academic Finance is the property of Academic Finance Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Academic Finance is the property of Academic Finance Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

L’objectif de cet article consiste à montrer le lien positif entre l’audit interne et la performance financière de l’entreprise qui favorise la création de valeur.

Copyright of Balkan & Near Eastern Journal of Social Sciences (BNEJSS) is the property of Balkan & Near Eastern Journal of Social Sciences (BNEJSS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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En planchant sur la thématique ci-haut libellée, les auteurs rappellent que si l’on veut la performance de son entreprise, il faut que la ressource humaine soit considérée et valorisée, étant donné qu’elle est le cerveau moteur pour toute organisation. Cependant, un constat amer est établi par les auteurs, nombreux des créateurs d’entreprises ont fait de la modicité de la rémunération leur chasse gardée. C’est pourquoi, estiment-ils appliquer une bonne politique de rémunération pour relever le défi, c’est-à-dire placer l’homme dans les bonnes conditions de travail pour qu’il donne le meilleur de lui-même.

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of the environmental protection policies of by Cameroonian firms on their performance. It uses the endogenous switching regression technique and propensity scores applied to micro‐data from 639 firms in Cameroon. The results show that only 17% of firms adopt these measures, while on average 85% of firms produce solid, gaseous or liquid waste. The results also indicate that the adoption of these environmental protection policies increases operating costs while significantly improving the turnover and the performance of the productive capacity of the company. These increases are 39.11%, 58.6%, and 38.63% for operating costs, turnover and return on productive capacity of the company, respectively. However, firms can also suffer significant losses resulting from the non‐adoption of environmental policies. In fact, firms that do not adopt environmental protection policies have their performance reduced by an average of 1.625 percentage points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Akofena is the property of Universite Felix Houphouet Boigny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Revue Académique des Études Sociales et Humaines is the property of Hassif Benbouali University of Chlef and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé : Le présent article est une étude empirique portant sur la pratique d’évaluation du personnel comme gage du développement professionnel des employés de la société nationale d’électricité. L’étude vise à vérifier la relation entre l’évaluation du personnel et le développement professionnel car les gestionnaires des ressources humaines s’accordent à considérer l’évaluation du personnel comme un facteur déterminant pour la carrière des agents dans les organisations. Pour atteindre cet objectif, une enquête a été menée sur 354 agents à travers une échelle d’évaluation de type Likert. Après interprétation des résultats, il se révèle que la pratique d’évaluation à une influence sur le développement professionnel.

Copyright of Al Bashaer Economic Journal is the property of Al Bashaer Economic Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Nouvelles Perspectives en Sciences Sociales is the property of Editions Prise de parole and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Suitable methods are needed to ensure that information can be communicated at a distance. These include software solutions such as ticket systems. In this article, these are first classified in general terms and then described from a text linguistic perspective with a special focus on the text type ticket. The analysis of data from three German IT companies that use ticket systems for internal project management is the basis for this. Finally, the opportunities and limitations of the use of ticket systems in business enterprises are examined as examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities Researches is the property of Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

English Abstract: Basing itself in the three aspects of the world that Kant proposed (as source, as domain and as limit), this article argues that the ethnographic gesture is correspondingly marked by three registers of encounter: empathy, company, community. Taking recourse to an ethnographic vignette about an encounter with a man on a bike, it explores the sense of community that marked my ethnographic presence in Alto Minho (northwest Portugal) in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The article proposes that ethnography depends on the determination of a 'field' for fieldwork and that this is aided by the identification of field aporias – that is, challenges to interpretation that both stop the ethnographer in her tracks, engaging the need for further determination, and provide momentum to the ethnographic narrative. French Abstract: En se basant sur les trois aspects du monde proposés par Kant (comme source, comme domaine et comme limite), cet essai soutient que le geste ethnographique est marqué de manière correspondante par trois registres de rencontre : empathie, compagnie, communauté. En recourant à une vignette ethnographique sur une rencontre avec un homme à vélo, il explore le sens de la communauté qui a marqué ma présence ethnographique dans l'Alto Minho (nord-ouest du Portugal) à la fin des années 1970 et au début des années 80. L'article propose que l'ethnographie se base sur la détermination d'un « champ » pour le travail de terrain. Cette démarche est facilitée par l'identification d'apories de terrain – c'est-à-dire des défi s d'interprétation qui, à la fois, arrêtent les ethnographes dans leur élan, engageant le besoin d'une détermination supplémentaire, et qui donnent une dynamique au récit ethnographique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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L’objet de ce papier est de décrire les formes d’alliances stratégiques ainsi que les orientations de partenaires pour les entreprises du secteur du bâtiment et travaux publics (BTP). Il est désormais largement admis que ces entreprises présentent des caractéristiques stratégiques et organisationnelles spécifiques en comparaison aux autres entreprises d’autres secteurs.Cette recherche se fonde sur une étude menée auprès de 58 entreprises. L’approche est de nature qualitative, les données analysées étant essentiellement discursives, constituées d’entretiens semi-directifs avec les dirigeants.

Avant le passage du droit de la faillite au droit des entreprises en difficultés, l’idée de prévention ne faisait pas partie des objectifs dévolus au droit marocain. Ce dernier était dominé par deux traits principaux : d’un côté, son caractère répressif et de l’autre, l’intérêt porté sur le créancier victime de la défaillance du débiteur. Une évolution remarquable s’était, toutefois, opérée pour limiter ce caractère coercitif. La prévention est devenue primordiale pour augmenter les chances de corriger les difficultés des entreprises le plus en amont possible. Le Code de commerce marocain prévoit deux types : la prévention interne tournée essentiellement vers les dirigeants, avec l’intervention du commissaire aux comptes et des associés ; et la prévention externe mobilisée par le Président du tribunal de commerce. Il s’agit d’une complémentarité des efforts exigée par la nécessité de la protection des intérêts de l’entreprise et de ses partenaires.

Introduction: in Burkina Faso, work-related stress is a public health problem. The purpose of this study is to evaluate factors of stress among formal private sector employees in the city of Ouagadougou. Methods: we conducted a survey using the 26-item scale derived from Karasek and the 23-item scale derived from Siegrist. Validated Karasek and Siegrist's models as well as SPSS software were used to analyze data. Results: we surveyed 223 employees (186 men and 37 women) with an average age of 36.70 years ± δ = 33.25. In addition, 70,40% of employees had job strain; 50,22% iso strain and 52,02% effort-reward imbalance. Posthoc analyses showed the following stress factors: great efforts and poor decision-making ability. Conclusion: this study confirms the presence of stress among private sector employees and highlights the importance of combining Karasek and Siegrist's questionnaires in the study of stress factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Al Bashaer Economic Journal is the property of Al Bashaer Economic Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of the article is to analyze the features of the production in the Soviet chronotope, as a historical period of formation of the profession of producer in Ukraine. The methodology involves recourse to an interdisciplinary approach, as well as the use of comparative and historical-logical methods of analysis. The scientific novelty lies in the detailed and systematic disclosure of the causal relationship of events and phenomena in the cultural practices of the Soviet chronotope, which in one way or another influenced the history of Ukrainian production and determined the specifics of production. Conclusions. A comprehensive study of the history of the profession of producer of the Soviet chronotope period after the 1930 - early 90 of the last century revealed the specifics of the formation of Ukrainian production, revealed the features of cultural practices of the Soviet chronotope, identified obstacles to its entry into market relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay is the result of theoretical discussions, aiming to build a reflection around the notion of suitability and the relationships that are established underlying the development of the teaching work conceived as engineering, identifying possible links with the teaching of mathematics. The exploratory methodology adopted for the development of this work is based on the articulations established among the notions provided by the Documentary Approach to Didactics, Anthropological Theory of Didactics, and Didactic Engineering. The results point out that the notion of expanded suitability in the didactic sense underlying the process constitutes the epistemological foundation of an institutional documentary genesis; it allowed the presentation of theoretical notions in a propositional way, among them: educational enterprise and didactic engineering; it promoted the debate about the epistemology of the teaching praxis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decriminalization of cannabis in Canada has required a host of regulatory changes at the federal, provincial, and municipal levels. Provinces have operationalized the development of legal markets in very different ways, offering an opportunity to perform comparative analysis of business responses. This article outlines and delineates the various regulatory frameworks that have been employed at the provincial level, discusses how they have impacted the development of the legal cannabis market, and considers how they have resulted in some further regulatory changes. After reviewing coevolution as a conceptual framework, the implementation of legalization of recreational cannabis is discussed, followed by an exploration of different provincial approaches at a general level. The effects of that framework on the first phase of legal market operations are explored, with a focus on issues emanating from regulatory choices through discussions of five regions: British Columbia, the Prairies, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick; each section exemplifying different priorities in the regulatory choices. Several themes emerge in the discussion. First, provincial approaches to retail licence approval have created severe bottlenecks, affecting consumer access to legal recreational cannabis. Additionally, the regulatory framework for those licences has resulted in a chilling effect on many potential entrepreneurs. Second, a reduction in black market sales has not yet occurred, largely due to the failure of some provinces to adequately provide retail licences and support legal distribution channels, or to operationalize the retail sales network. Third, many provinces struggled with operationalizing wholesale distribution to the retail stores, initially leading to administrative restrictions on store licences. Finally, issues of fairness and equity, effective displacement of the illegal market, government's role as a market regulator and participant, and other issues that emerge from the critical comparison of the provincial markets are addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOCIAL CAPITAL IS KNOWN AS A NEW TERM IN SOCIAL SCIENCES,WE CAN SAY THAT MANY COCEPTS REPLACE IT OR USED IN THE SAME GOAL.MANY ENTERPRISES DEPEND ON IT TO SOLVE MANY SOCIAL PROBLEMES [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the ways in which historians of New France are engaging with Atlantic, imperial, and comparative frameworks, as well as theoretical literature to better understand big historical processes such as state and empire formation and sovereignty. It also shows how traditional categories separating political, economic, social, and religious phenomena are breaking down, allowing for a deeper understanding of the ways in which their interactions shaped French imperial expansion. Empire formation depended on both agents and institutions. Going beyond the traditionally narrow conceptions of each, the article examines the widening range of actors who are now considered agents of empire as well as the recent move beyond Church and state to consider other institutions, notably the understudied chartered company. The latter is particularly fruitful for rethinking the relationship among traditionally separate groups of actors and institutions. Resituating the Company of New France in Atlantic, imperial, and comparative frameworks highlights the complex intertwining of religious, political, economic, and social phenomena that was at the heart of French imperialism. The article closes with a brief discussion of the parallels to nineteenth-century railroad corporations and their relationship with the state to highlight the evolving dynamic between states and corporations in a broader chronology. Finally, a number of avenues are proposed for future research into that relationship, for which New France and the French empire are particularly rich sites of inquiry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Dans sa dernière leçon au Collège de France, Alain Supiot revient sur les travaux qu'il a consacrés aux transformations du travail au XXIe siècle, en soulignant le rôle du droit et des institutions pour faire face aux conséquences de la révolution numérique et au défi écologique. La faillite morale, sociale et écologique du néolibéralisme doit nous obliger, selon lui, à reconsidérer la fiction juridique du travail marchandise et à établir ce que le préambule de la Constitution de l'OIT nomme «un régime de travail réellement humain», qui fasse place au sens et au contenu du travail. Cette thèse est illustrée par l'étude du cas de la recherche scientifique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of El-Bahith is the property of University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Research in Educational & Human Sciences Arts & Languages is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Research in Educational & Human Sciences Arts & Languages is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dirassat in Humanities & Social Sciences is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the activation of the internal control system through business ethics of employees in the firms. In order to answer the research questions. A questionnaire has been designed and distributed on the study society, which consists organizations operating in Ouargla and Oum Elbouaghi. SPSS was used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. The study results show that there is a high sense about the principals of business ethic of employees to enforcement of internal control system, Therefore, it is necessary to develop awareness and training programs to improve business ethics of employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]