490 results on '"ENQUETE SUR EXPLOITATIONS AGRICOLES"'
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2. Assessment of the sustainability of small dairy farms in the North of Tunisia.
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Attia, Khaoula, Darej, Cyrine, M’Hamdi, Naceur, Zahm, Frédéric, and Moujahed, Nizar
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SUSTAINABILITY ,DAIRY farms ,SMALL farms ,DAIRY farming ,SUSTAINABLE agriculture ,ANIMAL products - Abstract
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- 2022
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3. Identify Lao farmers' goals and their ranking using<scp>best–worst</scp>scaling experiment and scale‐adjusted latent class models
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François Affholder, Damien Jourdain, and Juliette Lairez
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Strategy and Management ,Enquête sur exploitations agricoles ,General Decision Sciences ,Principe directeur ,Agriculture durable ,E50 - Sociologie rurale ,Analyse de régression ,riz ,Autosuffisance ,Méthode statistique ,E80 - Économie familiale et artisanale ,Héritage (économie) ,Attitude ,Collecte de données ,Meilleure pratique - Abstract
In order to better design more sustainable farming systems, and prepare for the development of multi-criteria farm decision model, we investigate how farmers rank their main goals when making decisions. First, we identified the main goals used by farmers through in-depth interviews with randomly selected farmers in which we used small games to elicit the main goals they are using to make farm-level decisions. Then, we developed a best–worst scaling (BWS) experiment, in which farmers have to declare the “most” and the least “important” goals they use when making decisions. The experiment was conducted with 120 farmers. We first derive a ranking of the goals according to the population average, which showed the importance of rice self-sufficiency and transmission of farm capital. We then use a scale-adjusted latent class analysis. We identified four groups of homogenous preferences among farmers. The use of differentiated scale, a measure of choice inconsistencies, suggested different levels of certainty about the ranking, and the presence of more inconsistencies when asking the least important goal. While a large group focuses only on rice self-sufficiency, and farm transmission, we also identified a group of optimizers, and risk-averse farmers. Farmers of each group are likely to behave differently with regard to sustainable innovations. We also showed that some socio-economic variables describing the farms and the households influenced the probabilities for farmers to belong to one of the four classes. Overall, we showed that BWS scaling experiments provide a rich set of information about the diversity of rankings. It also provides the set of tools to evaluate the consistency and quality of respondents' choices.
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- 2022
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4. Viabilité de la culture du cacaoyer en Guyane française – approche par simulation
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Saj, Stéphane, Heck, Louis, and Decayeux, Emma
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F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture ,Enquête sur exploitations agricoles ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Économie agricole ,Modèle de simulation ,Forestry ,Plant Science ,Gestion de l'exploitation agricole ,E20 - Organisation, administration et gestion des entreprises ou exploitations agricoles ,Modélisation ,Viabilité économique ,Système de culture ,Theobroma cacao ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Description. La culture du cacaoyer en Guyane tend à se (re)développer et nécessite aujourd’hui des références technico-économiques adaptées. Objectifs. Réalisation d’une évaluation de la viabilité technico-économique de la cacaoculture et de la transformation de ses produits.Méthode. Modélisation des produits et des couts de l’exploitation d’un hectare selon deux modes de gestion différents et trois types de produits finis. Résultats. Le système de culture installé après défriche partielle d’une forêt demande moins de main-d’œuvre et de trésorerie que le système s’appuyant sur l’association au bananier qui, lui, permet un retour sur investissement avant maturité de la production cacaoyère. Pour être viables, les systèmes de culture ayant pour seule finalité la production de fèves fermentées et séchées nécessiteraient des rendements de l’ordre d’1 tonne·ha-1 pour des prix de vente planchers souvent supérieurs à 10 000 €·t-1, ce qui interroge fortement sur leur faisabilité. Pour la production transformée en bâton de cacao ou en chocolat, la viabilité économique serait plus facilement acquise, mais demanderait un investissement et une technicité qui ne sont pas forcément accessibles aujourd’hui à toutes les exploitations qui s’engagent dans la cacaoculture.Conclusions. Nos résultats soulignent la nécessité de (re)considérer dans les régions ultramarines françaises : (i) la nature et l’usage des espèces associées aux cacaoyers ; (ii) le statut de culture principale ou non du cacaoyer dans les exploitations agricoles ; (iii) la diversification des produits du cacaoyer permettant de nourrir plusieurs marchés ; (iv) l’organisation collective de la filière naissante pour soutenir la production et la transformation ; (v) l’accompagnement technique et financier (ex : aides PAC) des agriculteurs se lançant en cacaoculture.
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- 2022
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5. Comparative analysis of management practices and end-users’ desired breeding traits in the miracle plant [Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach & Thonn.) Daniell] across ecological zones and sociolinguistic groups in West Africa
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Enoch G. Achigan-Dako, Sognigbe N’Danikou, Rémi Kahane, Alfred Odindo, Julia Sibiya, Daniel Nyadanu, and Dèdéou A. Tchokponhoué
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0106 biological sciences ,Health (social science) ,Enquête sur exploitations agricoles ,Biodiversity ,Conduite de la culture ,Ghana ,01 natural sciences ,Synsepalum dulcificum ,Other systems of medicine ,F01 - Culture des plantes ,Ethnicity ,Trait preference ,Critère de sélection ,Mathematics ,F07 - Façons culturales ,Farmers ,biology ,Ecology ,Agriculture ,Comportement du consommateur ,Africa, Western ,Pratique culturale ,Deciduous ,Préférence alimentaire ,Content (measure theory) ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Pruning ,Cultural Studies ,Synsepalum ,Humans ,E50 - Sociologie rurale ,Orphan crops ,Richardella dulcifica ,Miraculine ,Descriptive statistics ,Ecological zones ,Research ,Botany ,Order (ring theory) ,biology.organism_classification ,Amélioration des plantes ,0104 chemical sciences ,Plant Breeding ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,Fruit ,QK1-989 ,Choix des espèces ,Éthnobotanique ,Fruit tree ,RZ201-999 ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Background Understanding end-users’ preferred breeding traits and plant management practices is fundamental in defining sound breeding objectives and implementing a successful plant improvement programme. Since such knowledge is lacking for Synsepalum dulcificum, a worldwide promising orphan fruit tree species, we assessed the interrelationships among socio-demography, ecology, management practices, diversity and ranking of desired breeding traits by end-users of the species (farmers, final consumers and processing companies) in West Africa. Methods Semi-structured interviews, field-visits and focus groups were combined to interview a total of 300 farmers and final consumers belonging to six sociolinguistic groups sampled from three ecological zones of Benin and Ghana. One processing company in Ghana was also involved. Data collected included socio-demographic characteristics; crop management systems and practices; and preferences of farmers, final consumers and processing companies and ranking of breeding traits. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, independence, and non-parametric tests, generalized linear models, multi-group similarity index and Kendall’s concordance coefficient. Results Men (86.33% of respondents) were the main holders of S. dulcificum in the study area. The three most frequent management practices observed in the species included weeding, fertilization and pruning, which were applied by 75.66%, 27.33% and 16.66% of respondents, respectively. The management intensity index varied significantly across ecological zones, sociolinguistic groups, and instruction level (p < 0.001) but was not affected by gender (p > 0.05). General multigroup similarity indices ($$ {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{T}} $$ C S T ) for farmer-desired traits, on one hand, and final consumer-desired traits, on the other hand, were high across ecological zones ($$ {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{T}} $$ C S T ≥ 0.84) and sociolinguistic groups ($$ {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{T}} $$ C S T > 0.83). Nevertheless, respondents from the Guineo-Congolian (Benin) and the Deciduous forest (Ghana) zones expressed higher agreement in the ranking of desired breeding traits. Preference for breeding traits was 60% similar among farmers, final consumers, and processors. The key breeding traits desired by these end-users included in descending order of importance big fruit size, early fruiting, high fruit yielding (for farmers); big fruit size, high fruit miraculin content, fruit freshness (for final consumers); and high fruit miraculin content, big fruit size, high fruit edible ratio (for processing companies). Conclusion This study revealed stronger variations in current management practices across ecological zones than across sociolinguistic groups. A high similarity was shown in end-users’ preferences for breeding traits across the study area. Top key traits to consider in breeding varieties of S. dulcificum to meet various end-users’ expectations in West Africa include fruit size and fruit miraculin content. These results constitute a strong signal for a region-wide promotion of the resource.
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- 2021
6. Co-producing knowledge with family farming organizations: a citizen science observatory in Santarém, Brazilian Amazon
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Coudel, Emilie, Nasuti, Stephanie, Abreu dos Santos, Beatriz, Piva, Mariana, Fechine, Valéria, Folhes, Ricardo-Theophilo, Coudel, Emilie, Nasuti, Stephanie, Abreu dos Santos, Beatriz, Piva, Mariana, Fechine, Valéria, and Folhes, Ricardo-Theophilo
- Abstract
This data paper presents a survey conducted in a participatory manner in the territory of Santarém, in the Brazilian Amazon. The aim is to understand how global changes are affecting family farmers. In the study area, family farming has been confronted over the past 20 years with the rapid expansion of large-scale monocultures, especially soybean. As part of the Odyssea socio-environmental observatory, academic researchers and family farming organizations entered into a partnership to co-produce data that could be strategically useful for these organizations. A process of co-construction of the expectations allowed priorities to be established and the data collection strategy to be defined. Three levels of analysis were chosen in order to allow an integrated understanding of the dynamics of change: the Santarem Plateau territory, the rural community level (living place recognized by the farmers) and the farmers' households. Twenty-one farmers, called community researchers, organized in 3 teams, applied a questionnaire through the KoboCollect smartphone application to 544 families in the municipalities of Santarém, Mojuí dos Campos and Belterra. Meetings were previously held in the rural communities and questionnaires were applied with representatives of 32 communities. Data was collected between April and June 2019. The community researchers and academic researchers then came together for two collective sessions of data analysis and interpretation in July and October 2019. Data was standardized and cleaned using SPSS software, between September and December 2019. The metadata and databases are available on the CIRAD dataverse.
- Published
- 2022
7. Which innovative cropping system for which farmer? Supporting farmers' choices through collective activities
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Perinelle, Anne, Scopel, Eric, Berre, David, Meynard, Jean-Marc, Perinelle, Anne, Scopel, Eric, Berre, David, and Meynard, Jean-Marc
- Abstract
Designing innovative cropping systems is an active field of agricultural research challenged by the agroecological transition. One of the challenges is to adapt cropping systems to the diversity of farms and contexts. For instance, in the cotton production zone of Burkina Faso differences between farm resources, agricultural situations and agronomic constraints have resulted in a wide range of farming systems. In this context, to break with the trend toward cotton production, we co-designed eight legume-based innovative cropping systems (ICS) likely to meet the objectives sought and the constraints faced by a wide range of local farmers, thus constituting a “basket of options”. Our approach was to enable each farmer to choose the option they considered best suited to their conditions. To that end, the ICSs were implemented and discussed with farmers in participatory prototyping trials. After one season of co-evaluating the different ICSs, the farmers taking part in the co-evaluation were able to test an ICS on their own farm, by choosing and adapting one of the options. Thirty-nine farmers out of seventy-three chose an ICS to test. They were asked the reasons for their choice. Their selection criteria were analyzed in relation to comments made during collective activities organized in the participatory prototyping trials. To complete this analysis, we built an expert-based farming system typology and a statistical typology based on data collected in a rural household multi-indicator survey (RHoMIS) of 63 farms participating in this study. The two farming system typologies were compared, and the relationships between farming system types and the ICS tested on the farm were analyzed. We found that farmers did not really base their choice on their farming system. Rather, they used a wide range of criteria that varied from farmer to farmer, and they were influenced by what they had learned during the collective activities organized in the participatory prototyping trial
- Published
- 2022
8. Processors' experience in the use of flash dryer for Cassava-derived products in Nigeria
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Ojide, Makuachukwu Gabriel, Adegbite, Suraju Adeyemi, Tran, Thierry, Taborda, Luis Alejandro, Chapuis, Arnaud, Lukombo, Simon Singi, Totin, Edmond, Sartas, Murat, Schut, Marc, Becerra López-Lavalle, Luis Agusto, Dufour, Dominique, Abass, Adebayo, Ojide, Makuachukwu Gabriel, Adegbite, Suraju Adeyemi, Tran, Thierry, Taborda, Luis Alejandro, Chapuis, Arnaud, Lukombo, Simon Singi, Totin, Edmond, Sartas, Murat, Schut, Marc, Becerra López-Lavalle, Luis Agusto, Dufour, Dominique, and Abass, Adebayo
- Abstract
This study was designed and carried out to ascertain the situation and perceptions of end users of cassava flash drying equipment in Nigeria with the aim of giving suggestions to policies and approaches for improved technology. Forty-one processing firms were selected and interviewed. Descriptive analyses were used and a logistic regression model was estimated. The results revealed that 49% of the firms stopped using their flash dryers due to the low demand for high-quality cassava flour (HQCF) resulting from the high cost of processing occasioned by an inefficient heat-generating component. The estimated model provides evidence that cost effectiveness (p < 0.05) and energy cost (p < 0.10) are the two major determinants of the continuous usage of flash dryers in the study area. Forty-one percent of the firms indicated willingness to pay for any technical adjustment of their flash dryers, supposing such adjustment would improve on drying and the energy efficiency of the equipment up to 40%. The study recommends that machine fabricators in Nigeria and other African countries should be trained on the production of energy- and cost-efficient small-scale flash dryers. Again, the design and commercialization of flash dryers that can be mounted on mobile trucks for farm-gate processing should be encouraged to facilitate farm-gate processing, thereby reducing postharvest losses resulting from transporting perishable and bulky roots over a long distance.
- Published
- 2022
9. Using Labour to Characterise Forms of Agriculture: A Thai Family Rubber Farming Case Study
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Uraiwan Tongkaemkaew, Pierre-Marie Bosc, Bénédicte Chambon, Cédric Gaillard, Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) (UMR MoISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Thaksin University International College (Thaksin University), This research was supported and funded by Yara International ASA, the Thai International Cooperation Agency and the French National Research Agency under the grant ANR-14-CE03-0012, HEVEADAPT., and ANR-14-CE03-0012,HEVEADAPT,Comment les plantations familiales peuvent-elles s'adapter aux changements globaux?(2014)
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Cultural Studies ,Typology ,agriculture familiale ,family farming ,share-cropping ,Exploitation agricole familiale ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Enquête sur exploitations agricoles ,0507 social and economic geography ,Plante à caoutchouc ,Typologie ,050701 cultural studies ,Agricultural economics ,farm typology ,labour ,Natural rubber ,E12 - Travail et emploi ,050602 political science & public administration ,Economics ,Production (economics) ,2. Zero hunger ,Main d'oeuvre familiale ,Métayage ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,E80 - Économie familiale et artisanale ,Thailand ,Sect ,0506 political science ,E20 - Organisation, administration et gestion des entreprises ou exploitations agricoles ,Agriculture ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,business ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
International audience; To contribute to the debate on labour and the ways of farming, this study tested the relevance of a labour-based typology to discriminate among forms of production operating in the Thai rubber sector. The data used came from surveys with 469 farmers. The case of Thai rubber-based family farms is specific but also brings generic insights to the debate. Classifying the farms based on their mode of organisation helps in understanding farmers' overall strategies regarding farming and non-farm activities. These differences were important and were linked to the capacity of family labour to develop non-farm activities. However, surprisingly, no discrimination among the types of farms appeared based on the agricultural production system. This finding appeared counter-intuitive given the importance of hired labour in rubber family farming. The non-significant differences for the practices and the land and labour productivities engaged in rubber cropping could be linked to the use of share-croppers (and not wage employees) as external labour. Further research needs to identify factors that can unlock productivity in the rubber plantations, whatever the category of holding. The importance of pluri-activity has strong implications that will require expanding empirical works focusing on labour issues.
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- 2021
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10. A respondent‐driven method for mapping small agricultural plots using tablets and high resolution imagery
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Wei Zhang, Timothy M. Boucher, Genowefa Blundo-Canto, Yuta J. Masuda, Carolina Castilla, and Jonathan Fisher
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Computer science ,050204 development studies ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Enquête sur exploitations agricoles ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Imagerie par satellite ,Development ,Plot (graphics) ,Petite exploitation agricole ,données spatiales ,Cartographie de l'occupation du sol ,Système d'information géographique ,0502 economics and business ,Statistics ,050207 economics ,Hectare ,Spatial analysis ,media_common ,Selection bias ,Sustainable development ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,A01 - Agriculture - Considérations générales ,Work (electrical) ,Agriculture ,Respondent ,business - Abstract
Agricultural statistics on small farms are critical for informing sustainable development policies, but often suffer from selection bias and are time consuming and costly to collect. Less burdensome and reliable methods are needed. We report on a scalable method using a respondent's knowledge about their land, high resolution imagery, and tablet devices to draw spatially explicit plot boundaries. We find the method may work best with respondents that own their plots are farmers, and for smaller plots (
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- 2020
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11. Processors' Experience in the Use of Flash Dryer for Cassava-derived Products in Nigeria
- Author
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Makuachukwu Gabriel Ojide, Suraju Adegbite, Thierry Tran, Luis Alejandro Taborda, Arnaud Chapuis, Simon Lukombo, Edmond Totin, Murat Sartas, Marc Schut, Luis Augusto Becerra Lopez-Lavalle, Dominique Dufour, and Adebayo Abass
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Séchoir ,Enquête sur exploitations agricoles ,Manioc ,Horticulture ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,postharvest ,Food processing and manufacture ,flour millers ,Q02 - Traitement et conservation des produits alimentaires ,TX341-641 ,energy efficiency ,production capacity ,Efficacité ,Tapioca ,Global and Planetary Change ,Enquête ,Méthode statistique ,Ecology ,farm-gate ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,modéle de régression ,Comportement du consommateur ,TP368-456 ,Offre et demande ,Technologie and Innovatie ,Utilisation ,Knowledge Technology and Innovation ,Propension à payer ,Kennis ,Produit séché ,Kennis, Technologie and Innovatie ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,willingness to pay ,Food Science - Abstract
This study was designed and carried out to ascertain the situation and perceptions of end users of cassava flash drying equipment in Nigeria with the aim of giving suggestions to policies and approaches for improved technology. Forty-one processing firms were selected and interviewed. Descriptive analyses were used and a logistic regression model was estimated. The results revealed that 49% of the firms stopped using their flash dryers due to the low demand for high-quality cassava flour (HQCF) resulting from the high cost of processing occasioned by an inefficient heat-generating component. The estimated model provides evidence that cost effectiveness (p < 0.05) and energy cost (p < 0.10) are the two major determinants of the continuous usage of flash dryers in the study area. Forty-one percent of the firms indicated willingness to pay for any technical adjustment of their flash dryers, supposing such adjustment would improve on drying and the energy efficiency of the equipment up to 40%. The study recommends that machine fabricators in Nigeria and other African countries should be trained on the production of energy- and cost-efficient small-scale flash dryers. Again, the design and commercialization of flash dryers that can be mounted on mobile trucks for farm-gate processing should be encouraged to facilitate farm-gate processing, thereby reducing postharvest losses resulting from transporting perishable and bulky roots over a long distance.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Co-producing knowledge with family farming organizations: a citizen science observatory in Santarém, Brazilian Amazon
- Author
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Emilie Coudel, Stéphanie Nasuti, Beatriz Abreu dos Santos, Mariana Piva, Valéria Fechine, and Ricardo-Theophilo Folhes
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agriculture familiale ,Analyse de données ,F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture ,Enquête sur exploitations agricoles ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,E51 - Population rurale ,E20 - Organisation, administration et gestion des entreprises ou exploitations agricoles ,recherche participative ,Participation publique ,Collecte de données ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
This data paper presents a survey conducted in a participatory manner in the territory of Santarém, in the Brazilian Amazon. The aim is to understand how global changes are affecting family farmers. In the study area, family farming has been confronted over the past 20 years with the rapid expansion of large-scale monocultures, especially soybean. As part of the Odyssea socio-environmental observatory, academic researchers and family farming organizations entered into a partnership to co-produce data that could be strategically useful for these organizations. A process of co-construction of the expectations allowed priorities to be established and the data collection strategy to be defined. Three levels of analysis were chosen in order to allow an integrated understanding of the dynamics of change: the Santarem Plateau territory, the rural community level (living place recognized by the farmers) and the farmers’ households. Twenty-one farmers, called community researchers, organized in 3 teams, applied a questionnaire through the KoboCollect smartphone application to 544 families in the municipalities of Santarém, Mojuí dos Campos and Belterra. Meetings were previously held in the rural communities and questionnaires were applied with representatives of 32 communities. Data was collected between April and June 2019. The community researchers and academic researchers then came together for two collective sessions of data analysis and interpretation in July and October 2019. Data was standardized and cleaned using SPSS software, between September and December 2019. The metadata and databases are available on the CIRAD dataverse.
- Published
- 2022
13. Rendre visible les impacts des pesticides du soja : contributions et limites d’un observatoire de science citoyenne à Santarém, Amazonie brésilienne
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Coudel, Emilie, Nasuti, Stéphanie, Silva, Danielle Wagner, Bonnet, Marie-Paule, Piva, Mariana, Santos, Beatriz Abreu dos, Folhes, Ricardo, Bonnal, Vincent, Fechine, Valéria, Lima, Denise, Passos, Carlos José Sousa, Schwamborn, Txai Mitt, Nakamura, Ione, and Moura, Gracivane Rodrigues de
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Social Sciences and Humanities ,agriculture familiale ,family farming ,science citoyenne ,Enquête sur exploitations agricoles ,H02 - Pesticides ,organisation paysanne ,observatório ,Santé publique ,U70 - Sciences humaines et sociales ,Amazonia ,co-construção ,citizen science ,observatoire ,organizações camponesas ,Amazonie ,General Environmental Science ,agrotóxicos ,Brasil ,Évaluation de l'impact ,ciência cidadã ,Participation communautaire ,Persistance des pesticides ,pesticides ,Brésil ,Pesticide ,co-production ,observatory ,approches participatives ,S50 - Santé humaine ,agricultura familiar ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Sciences Humaines et Sociales ,peasant organizations ,Danger pour la santé ,Brazil - Abstract
Le Brésil est parmi les plus gros consommateurs mondiaux de pesticides, pourtant leur impact sur les populations locales peine à émerger en tant que problème public, en raison d’un contexte politique particulièrement favorable à l’agriculture industrielle. Dans cet article, nous investiguons comment les connaissances produites sur l’impact des pesticides contribuent (ou non) à faire émerger ce problème public. Notre réflexion s’appuie sur un processus de science citoyenne mené dans la région de Santarém, en Amazonie Brésilienne, où le soja connaît une importante expansion depuis 20 ans. Nous y avons construit depuis 2017 un observatoire en partenariat avec les syndicats paysans, pour rendre visible l’impact des pesticides utilisés dans les cultures de soja sur l’agriculture familiale. Des jeunes agriculteurs, formés à être « chercheurs communautaires », ont administré 544 questionnaires auprès d’agriculteurs familiaux pour connaître leurs pratiques et évaluer les changements occasionnés depuis l’arrivée du soja. Nous menons une analyse à trois niveaux : au niveau national, nous suivons l’émergence des pesticides comme problème public, sa consolidation au cours du gouvernement travailliste (2003-2016), puis son démantèlement ; au niveau local, l’enquête montre à quel point les agriculteurs familiaux sont fortement impactés par les pesticides et dans le même temps peu conscients d’être des « victimes » ; enfin, au niveau territorial, nous nous interrogerons sur la fragilisation du débat entre science et politique, notamment au sein du Forum régional de lutte contre l’impact des pesticides mis en place à Santarém., Although Brazil is among the world's largest consumers of pesticides, their impacts on local populations have struggled to emerge as a public problem due to a political context that is particularly favourable to industrial agriculture. In this article, we investigate how the knowledge produced on the impact of pesticides contributes (or not) to the emergence of this public problem. We conduct a reflection based on a citizen science process we conducted in the region of Santarem, in the Brazilian Amazon, where soybean has been expanding significantly for the past 20 years. Since 2017, we have built an observatory in partnership with peasant unions to make visible the impact of pesticides used in soy crops on family farmers. Young farmers, trained to become "community researchers", have administered 544 questionnaires to family farmers to learn about their practices and assess the changes caused since the arrival of soy. We conduct an analysis at three levels: at the national level, we follow the emergence of pesticides as a public issue, its consolidation during the Labor government (2003-2016), and then its dismantling; at a local level, the survey reveals how the family farmers are impacted by soy pesticides and at the same time, not so aware of being "victims"; finally, at the territorial level, we question the weakening of the debate between science and politics, particularly within the Regional Forum for the fight against the impact of pesticides set up in Santarém., Embora o Brasil esteja entre os maiores consumidores mundiais de agrotóxicos, seus impactos na população raramente são tratados como problema público, devido a um contexto político particularmente favorável à agricultura industrial. Neste artigo, investigamos como o conhecimento produzido sobre os impactos dos agrotóxicos contribui (ou não) para torná-los problema público. Conduzimos uma reflexão ancorada num processo de pesquisa baseado na ciência cidadã, na região de Santarém, na Amazônia brasileira, onde plantios de soja aumentaram significativamente ao longo dos últimos 20 anos. Desde 2017, construímos um observatório das dinâmicas socioambientais em parceria com sindicatos ligados à agricultura familiar, para, entre outros propósitos, tornar visível o impacto dos agrotóxicos utilizados nas culturas de soja sobre os agricultores familiares. Jovens agricultores, formados para se tornarem "pesquisadores comunitários", aplicaram 544 questionários junto a agricultores familiares para conhecer as suas práticas e avaliar as mudanças causadas desde a chegada da soja. Conduzimos uma análise em três esferas : na esfera nacional, acompanhamos a emergência dos agrotóxicos como uma questão pública, a sua consolidação durante o governo Trabalhista (2003-2016), e depois o seu desmantelamento após esse período; na esfera local, nossa pesquisa mostra que os agricultores familiares estão sendo bastante impactados pela intensa pulverização de pesticidas nos plantios de soja mas nem sempre estavam conscientes de serem atingidos; finalmente, na esfera territorial, questionamos o enfraquecimento do debate entre ciência e política, particularmente no âmbito do Fórum Regional para a luta contra o impacto dos agrotóxicos criado em Santarém.
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- 2021
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14. Le partenariat public-privé appliqué aux investissements dans la grande irrigation en Afrique : le Projet de promotion du partenariat rizicole dans le Delta du fleuve Sénégal
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El Hadji Malick Sylla, Sidy Mohamed Seck, Bruno Barbier, Souleymane Niang, Cheikh Ahmed Tidiane Faye, and Amadou Moussa Ndiaye
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politique de l'eau ,Enquête sur exploitations agricoles ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,E14 - Économie et politique du développement ,Partenariat public-privé ,Gestion des eaux ,Investissement ,Animal Science and Zoology ,P10 - Ressources en eau et leur gestion ,F06 - Irrigation ,Irrigation ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
L’autosuffisance en riz poursuivie par l’État du Sénégal depuis l’Indépendance a motivé des investissements colossaux dans le Delta du fleuve Sénégal, au nord du pays. Cet article évalue la contribution du Projet de promotion du partenariat rizicole dans le Delta (3PRD) aux dynamiques organisationnelles et techniques. L’importance de ce projet repose sur le partenariat public-privé, un paradigme récent dans le monde du développement de l’agriculture irriguée. Notre démarche est basée sur un travail de synthèse bibliographique, des visites de terrain, des entretiens avec les responsables du projet et des enquêtes auprès des agriculteurs. Les résultats suggèrent deux progrès majeurs réalisés par le 3PRD : l’autonomisation des producteurs privés dans un grand aménagement collectif impliquant la participation de la société de développement SAED et l’introduction d’un nouveau matériel pour l’irrigation, l’électropompe. Ils montrent aussi que des efforts restent à réaliser en matière d’intensité culturale et de rendement agricole pour permettre aux producteurs de mieux rentabiliser les investissements qu’ils ont réalisés dans leurs périmètres.
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- 2023
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15. How do farmers change their practices at the farm level after co-design processes in Farmer Field Schools?
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Bakker, Teatske, Dugue, Patrick, and De Tourdonnet, Stéphane
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F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture ,Enquête sur exploitations agricoles ,Adoption de l'innovation ,école pratique d'agriculture ,Gestion de l'exploitation agricole ,E20 - Organisation, administration et gestion des entreprises ou exploitations agricoles ,systèmes d'innovation agricole ,pratique agricole ,Système d'exploitation agricole ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
CONTEXT: Farmers are increasingly recognized as the designers of their own production systems, and face challenges that call for context-specific innovations. Co-designing innovations with farmers is one way to tailor options to local constraints and resources. However, studies on how farmers implement agroecological practices after a co-design process are rare, especially at the farm level. OBJECTIVE: This study analyses how farmers' implementation of technical innovations co-designed during Farmer Field Schools (FFS), an adult education and rural development approach, brings farmers to change their practices at the farm level. We also explore whether the potential to induce changes at the farm level varies with the cropping system targeted by the FFS or with the gender of participants. METHODS: To study the outcomes at the farm level of the co-design process in FFS, we established an analytical framework based on four sub-systems identified within family farming systems in the cotton growing area in West Africa: vegetable gardening, rainy season cropping, livestock management and organic fertilizer production. We applied the framework to a case study in northern Togo on FFS promoting the agroecological transition of family farms. Four FFS were sampled; three covered two different cropping systems (vegetable gardening and rainy season crops) in separate sessions while the fourth FFS only covered vegetable gardening. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 farmers (19 men, 11 women) all former participants in either vegetable gardening FFS (n = 8), rainy season cropping FFS (n = 10) or both (n = 12). The interviews took place two years after the end of FFS activities and covered changes in practices in the four farm sub-systems identified. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that the changes in practices were not limited to the cropping system addressed during the FFS attended by each farmer. Participation in the FFS triggered changes in practices at the farm level in livestock systems and organic fertilizer production among the farmers we surveyed. The vegetable gardening FFS had a distinct effect on the development of vegetable gardening activities, but the effects of the rainy season crop FFS were less specific. Farmers who attended both FFS did not change more practices than farmers who attended only one FFS. The gender of the participants did not lead to more, less, or different changes in farm practices. SIGNIFICANCE: Our framework reveals the systemic nature of the changes in practices in family farms. This was made possible by the collaborative implementation of the sampled FFS and the agroecological principles covered in the FFS curricula. This study provides insights for the implementation of co-design processes to support farmers in their processes of change in practices and redesign of their farming systems, which are crucial to agroecological transitions.
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- 2022
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16. Positive influence of certification on the financial performance of cocoa production models in Cameroon
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Lescuyer, Guillaume, Bassanaga, Simon, Lescuyer, Guillaume, and Bassanaga, Simon
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Cameroon plans to double its cocoa production in the coming decade in line with international requirements for sustainable and deforestation-free cocoa. Private certification, which has developed considerably in recent years, should help achieve this objective. Based on a literature review and 63 individual interviews with farmers, we identified four archetypes of cocoa production using the criteria of plantation size, degree of shade, and support from public or private extension services. We analyzed the average operating accounts of the four archetypes. Our findings show that the net profit rates obtained by small-scale certified producers are 14% (in the savannah zone) and 24% (in the forest zone). These rates are much higher than for the other two production models. Certification schemes provide technical and financial support, which has a positive influence on the practices of many small-scale producers and compensates for the lack of public services, which are now almost non-existent. A hybrid governance of the cocoa sector in Cameroon could clarify and improve the organization of the interactions between public regulation and private certification systems.
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- 2021
17. Les standards dits durables appauvrissent-ils les planteurs de cacao ? Interactions entre déforestation en Côte d'Ivoire et au Libéria, crédit à l'achat d'engrais et baisse des cours
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Ruf, François and Ruf, François
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Pendant des siècles, combinés avec le travail de migrants, la forêt et la rente forêt ont été les principaux facteurs de production du cacao. C'est le modèle universel du cacao, qui a fait de la Côte d'Ivoire le premier producteur mondial. Mais le niveau de déforestation est tel qu'une partie des planteurs doivent trouver des alternatives à la rente forêt, notamment l'engrais minéral. Cet intrant chimique est de fait un facteur d'amélioration des rendements et a priori des revenus. Cependant, si la consommation d'engrais chimique est poussée par le " système ", composé des Transnational Corporations (TNC) du cacao, des coopératives, des agences de crédit, des organisations non gouvernementales internationales et des labels de cacao dit " durables ", n'y a-t-il pas danger d'effets inverses : contribution à l'excès d'offre de cacao, baisse du cours mondial, endettement et appauvrissement des planteurs ? À partir de trois enquêtes auprès de 150 à 250 planteurs entre 2013 et 2017, d'une enquête auprès de 41 coopératives en 2017 et d'un suivi des prix du cacao et de l'engrais sur 30 ans, l'étude aborde le rôle du prix relatif cacao/engrais et du crédit sur la consommation d'engrais, et leur impact sur la chute du cours du cacao en 2016–2017. L'impact est certain, même si le processus d'expansion cacaoyère par le binôme migration-déforestation reste le facteur essentiel de la hausse de l'offre et de la chute du cours. Le discours selon lequel les gains de rendement vont créer un " cacao durable " et dissuader les planteurs de défricher les forêts reste un mythe. Les migrations continuent aux dépens des toutes dernières forêts classées du pays, à l'est vers Abengourou, à l'ouest vers Blolequin, Man et Touba. Là encore, en dépit de leur communication sur la durabilité, les certifications ont totalement échoué : le cacao de Côte d'Ivoire dépend encore beaucoup de la déforestation. Enfin, de l'autre côté du fleuve Cavally, la grande forêt dense du Libéria disparaît à son tour
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- 2021
18. Les institutions et organisations de gouvernance de l'innovation variétale : cas d'études à Madagascar et au Burkina Faso
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Nlend Nkott, Anny Lucrèce and Nlend Nkott, Anny Lucrèce
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Depuis la sédentarisation de l'agriculture, l'innovation variétale joue un rôle essentiel dans la transformation des systèmes agricoles et alimentaires. En Afrique, malgré les efforts consentis pour soutenir la révolution verte à partir de semences dites améliorées, ces dernières restent faiblement utilisées. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'analyser les mécanismes de gouvernance de l'innovation variétale en Afrique. En mobilisant un cadre d'analyse institutionnelle et évolutionniste, cette thèse questionne l'évolution et le rôle des institutions semencières, et la capacité à innover des organisations dans deux pays que sont Madagascar et Burkina Faso. La thèse mobilise une approche de recherche participative, structurée par 75 entretiens semi-directifs, l'organisation de forums multi-acteurs, et une enquête auprès de 148 agriculteurs. Nos résultats montrent que les processus de création ou d'introduction de nouvelles variétés dépendent d'abord des capacités d'innovation des organisations des systèmes semenciers. Les défaillances de ces systèmes dans l'offre de semences aux agriculteurs, la non mise en application des protocoles de biosécurité, le faible contrôle de la qualité de semences, sont documentés. Elles sont autant de freins à l'adoption et l'usage de nouvelles variétés. Par ailleurs, la faiblesse des services intermédiaires (structures de vulgarisation, organisations de producteurs) limite l'accès à l'information par les agriculteurs sur de nouvelles variétés qui seraient disponibles. Nous démontrons ensuite que les trajectoires d'innovations variétales sont pilotées par des situations d'hybridation entre les systèmes semenciers officiel et non officiel. Ces situations sont impulsées par la société civile à travers des plaidoyers, la formation et l'information de la société, la création de catalogues provinciaux de semences paysannes, et la modification des lois liées à la commercialisation des semences. Au regard de ces analyses, nous proposons une gouvern
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- 2021
19. The contribution of mobile pastoral herds to soil fertility maintenance in sedentary mixed crop-livestock systems at farm and territory scales—part of mutually reinforcing social and ecological relationships supporting sustainability
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Alary, Véronique, Aboul-Naga, Adel, Osman, Mona-Abdelzaher, Daoud, Ibrahim, Vayssières, Jonathan, Alary, Véronique, Aboul-Naga, Adel, Osman, Mona-Abdelzaher, Daoud, Ibrahim, and Vayssières, Jonathan
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Agricultural development through settlement schemes on desert lands has always raised acute debates, especially over environmental issues due to cultivation based on intensive additions of water and fertilizers. However, nutrient cycling approaches at the farm level are generally based on apparent N flows, i.e., purchased inputs and sold products, without considering nutrient flows driven by mobile herds crossing the arable lands of sedentary farmers. Through a territory level approach, the present study aimed to assess the contribution of mobile pastoral herds located in the newly reclaimed land on the western desert edge of the Nile Delta on the supply of the manure for local sedentary farms. Based on a survey of 175 farmers, we calculated the partial farm nitrogen balances. Supplemental interviews were conducted with the pastoral community to assess the additional manure coming from grazing practices in the research area. The results show that the sedentary mixed crop-livestock systems based on the planting of Trifolium alexandrinum and a manure supply make a useful contribution toward converting poor, marginal soil into fertile soil. Moreover, grazing of crop residue by pastoral herds on the reclaimed land contributes to social sustainability by maintaining social links between the first occupants, the Bedouins, and the new settlers. Grazing accounts for 9% to 34% of farm-level N input and 25% to 64% of farm-level N output depending on the village and the cropping system. This contribution calls for different rural policies that consider the complementarity between pastoral herders and sedentary farmers that supports both systems' social and environmental sustainability.
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- 2021
20. Quelle place du conseil agricole dans les services support à l'innovation à Madagascar ?
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Audouin, Sarah, Dugué, Patrick, Randrianarisona, Narilala, Ndah, Hycenth Tim, Ratsimbazafy, Tovo, Andriamaniraka, Harilala, Noharinjanaharya, Edson Samuel, Ralisoa, Noroseheno, Mathé, Syndhia, Audouin, Sarah, Dugué, Patrick, Randrianarisona, Narilala, Ndah, Hycenth Tim, Ratsimbazafy, Tovo, Andriamaniraka, Harilala, Noharinjanaharya, Edson Samuel, Ralisoa, Noroseheno, and Mathé, Syndhia
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Le conseil agricole occupe une place prépondérante dans l'appui aux processus d'innovation, particulièrement dans les pays du Sud. Or, l'accompagnement de l'innovation nécessite une diversité de formes d'appuis, appelés services support à l'innovation (SSI). À partir d'une analyse exploratoire à Madagascar, cet article questionne la place du conseil agricole vis-à-vis de la diversité des organisations et des activités d'accompagnement de l'innovation. Les principales organisations fournissant des SSI ont été étudiées dans quatre régions des Hautes Terres de Madagascar et leur offre de SSI caractérisée. Les résultats montrent que le conseil technique reste prépondérant dans l'éventail de l'offre de SSI, avec un fort pluralisme des fournisseurs de conseil et une diversité de combinaisons avec les autres SSI. Or, les porteurs d'innovation doivent bénéficier d'autres SSI, tels que le renforcement de capacité, la mise en réseau, des appuis institutionnels, un accès au financement, intrants et équipements nécessaires à l'innovation. Ces résultats appellent à renouveler les postures du conseiller agricole vers davantage d'appui au renforcement de capacité et interrogent la stratégie des organisations vis-à-vis de leur appui à l'innovation : la spécialisation dans le conseil, la combinaison à d'autres SSI ou la collaboration avec d'autres organisations. Ces éléments renouvellent le constat du pluralisme de l'offre de conseil qui, analysé par le prisme des SSI, ne s'applique pas seulement à l'échelon de l'agent-conseiller ou de l'organisation, mais également dans des réseaux d'organisations aux configurations variables. Les perspectives de cette analyse sont d'assurer la coordination des dispositifs de conseil avec les autres fournisseurs de SSI pour une plus grande efficacité dans l'accompagnement des porteurs d'innovation.
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- 2021
21. L'agriculture burkinabè face à la crise de la Covid-19 : cas des régions du Yatenga et des Hauts-Bassins
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Dugué, Patrick, Kohio, Edmond N., Tiemtoré, Justin, Dugué, Patrick, Kohio, Edmond N., and Tiemtoré, Justin
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Au début de la crise sanitaire due à la Covid-19, certains observateurs ont alerté les décideurs d'une possible crise alimentaire dans les mois à venir en Afrique de l'Ouest. En vue d'alimenter ce débat, nous avons mené une étude en nous entretenant avec 75 acteurs du secteur agricole dans deux régions du Burkina Faso − le Yatenga et les Hauts-Bassins. Dans les deux situations, les agriculteurs et les éleveurs ont pu continuer leurs activités mais certains ont eu des difficultés de commercialisation. Les maraîchers et les arboriculteurs ont été les plus touchés par cette crise du fait des difficultés à écouler leurs produits périssables sur les marchés ouest-africains. Les éleveurs ont été moins concernés par la baisse des prix mais les commerçants de bétail sur pied ont aussi rencontré des difficultés à exporter vers les pays côtiers. Enfin, les sociétés cotonnières ont dû faire face à une baisse du prix international du coton-fibre et les producteurs de coton ont dû faire face à une baisse du prix d'achat du coton-graine à la fin de 2020. Malgré cette crise, l'agriculture burkinabè a continué à jouer pleinement son rôle nourricier grâce à la mobilisation des agriculteurs, des commerçants et des transporteurs, même si elle montre des fragilités dues à sa forte dépendance aux marchés extérieurs pour entre autres les légumes, le bétail, le coton, les mangues, l'anacarde et les intrants agricoles et d'élevage. Cette crise permet de réfléchir à des axes d'intervention afin de rendre l'agriculture burkinabè moins dépendante des marchés extérieurs et des facteurs de production importés. Cela implique la substitution des produits alimentaires importés par des produits locaux et une transition agroécologique permettant de réduire l'importation d'intrants de synthèse.
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- 2021
22. Comparative analysis of management practices and end-users' desired breeding traits in the miracle plant [Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach & Thonn.) Daniell] across ecological zones and sociolinguistic groups in West Africa
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Tchokponhoué, Dèdéou A., Achigan-Dako, Enoch G., N'Danikou, Sognigbé, Nyadanu, Daniel, Kahane, Rémi, Odindo, Alfred O., Sibiya, Julia, Tchokponhoué, Dèdéou A., Achigan-Dako, Enoch G., N'Danikou, Sognigbé, Nyadanu, Daniel, Kahane, Rémi, Odindo, Alfred O., and Sibiya, Julia
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Background: Understanding end-users' preferred breeding traits and plant management practices is fundamental in defining sound breeding objectives and implementing a successful plant improvement programme. Since such knowledge is lacking for Synsepalum dulcificum, a worldwide promising orphan fruit tree species, we assessed the interrelationships among socio-demography, ecology, management practices, diversity and ranking of desired breeding traits by end-users of the species (farmers, final consumers and processing companies) in West Africa. Methods: Semi-structured interviews, field-visits and focus groups were combined to interview a total of 300 farmers and final consumers belonging to six sociolinguistic groups sampled from three ecological zones of Benin and Ghana. One processing company in Ghana was also involved. Data collected included socio-demographic characteristics; crop management systems and practices; and preferences of farmers, final consumers and processing companies and ranking of breeding traits. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, independence, and non-parametric tests, generalized linear models, multi-group similarity index and Kendall's concordance coefficient. Results: Men (86.33% of respondents) were the main holders of S. dulcificum in the study area. The three most frequent management practices observed in the species included weeding, fertilization and pruning, which were applied by 75.66%, 27.33% and 16.66% of respondents, respectively. The management intensity index varied significantly across ecological zones, sociolinguistic groups, and instruction level (p < 0.001) but was not affected by gender (p > 0.05). General multigroup similarity indices (CTS ) for farmer-desired traits, on one hand, and final consumer-desired traits, on the other hand, were high across ecological zones (CTS ≥ 0.84) and sociolinguistic groups (CTS > 0.83). Nevertheless, respondents from the Guineo-Congolian (Benin) and the Deciduous forest (Ghana)
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- 2021
23. Societal acceptability conditions of genome editing for upland rice in Madagascar
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Nlend Nkott, Anny Lucrèce, Temple, Ludovic, Nlend Nkott, Anny Lucrèce, and Temple, Ludovic
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The evolution of varietal creation methods led in 2012 to the advent of the genome editing technique, CRISPR-CaS9. This technique would make it possible to create new varieties quickly and cheaply. Although some consider CRISPR-CaS9 to be revolutionary, others consider it a potential societal threat. To document the controversy, we explain the socioeconomic conditions under which this technique could be accepted for the creation of a rainfed rice variety in Madagascar. The methodological framework is based on 38 individual and semistructured interviews, a multistakeholder forum with organizations interviewedo, and a survey of 148 rice producers. Results reveal that the acceptability of genome editing requires (i) strengthening the seed system through the operationalization of regulatory structures and the upgrading of stakeholders' knowledge of genetically modified organisms, (ii) assessing the effects of the edited variety on biodiversity and soil nitrogen dynamics, and (iii) strengthening the technical and human capacities of the biosafety body. Structural mechanisms for regulating the seed system are necessary to ensure safe experimentation of genome editing techniques. Organizational innovation also appears to be necessary. The study documents how collective learning between communities of scientists and nonscientists is a component of systemic processes of varietal innovation.
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- 2021
24. Co-production of ecosystem services through agricultural practices: perception of stakeholders supporting smallholders in the Brazilian Amazon
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Resque, Antonio Gabriel Lima, Piketty, Marie-Gabrielle, Coudel, Emilie, Messad, Samir, Le Page, Christophe, Resque, Antonio Gabriel Lima, Piketty, Marie-Gabrielle, Coudel, Emilie, Messad, Samir, and Le Page, Christophe
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This paper investigates the perceptions of a diversity of stakeholders supporting smallholders in the eastern Brazilian Amazon about ecosystem services and agricultural practices. Our results come from 30 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders in two contrasting municipalities in this region (Paragominas and Irituia). We identified 17 different ecosystem services and 15 agricultural practices. Using a multidimensional scaling (MDS), we differentiated the stakeholders' perceptions of co-production of ecosystem services. The most mentioned ecosystem services are food supply, regulation of water cycles, soil fertility and erosion prevention. Overall, there is a positive perception that agricultural practices are providing ecosystem services. Biodiversity-based practices are associated with the provision of a broad range of ecosystem services whereas mechanical-chemical practices are mainly linked to food supply. Use of fire, deforestation and use of chemical pesticides are perceived as having most negative effects on the provision of ecosystem services. The type of activity performed by the stakeholders and their municipality are the main factors influencing their perception of ecosystem services co-production. In conclusion, the concept of co-production of ecosystem services related to agroecosystems is relevant as local actors recognize a diversity of effects of agricultural practices on service provision.
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- 2021
25. Typologie descriptive des systèmes d'élevage camelin en Mauritanie
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Biya, Mohamed B., Chrif Ahmed, Mohamed S., Dieye, C.Y., Diop, A.K.M., Mohamed, R.B., Salem, A., Sidatt, M., Side Elemine, K.M., Mohamed, M.S., N'Diaye, F.B., Meiloud, G., Konuspayeva, Gaukhar, Faye, Bernard, Biya, Mohamed B., Chrif Ahmed, Mohamed S., Dieye, C.Y., Diop, A.K.M., Mohamed, R.B., Salem, A., Sidatt, M., Side Elemine, K.M., Mohamed, M.S., N'Diaye, F.B., Meiloud, G., Konuspayeva, Gaukhar, and Faye, Bernard
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Une typologie descriptive des systèmes d'élevage camelins a été réalisée sur l'ensemble du territoire mauritanien dans le but d'en connaître la diversité. Au total, 187 élevages camelins des quatre régions du pays (Sud, Centre, Est, Nord) ont été enquêtés. Les 49 variables retenues portaient sur six thèmes : l'éleveur, le troupeau, la santé animale, l'alimentation, les pratiques de traite et les pratiques commerciales. La stratégie statistique s'est appuyée sur une analyse séparée des sous-tableaux regroupant les variables par thème afin de déterminer des types d'éleveurs, de troupeaux, de pratiques alimentaires, de statut sanitaire, de pratiques de traite et de flux commerciaux. Les descriptions de ces types ont été suivies d'une analyse globale permettant d'identifier sept types d'élevage fortement différenciés sur le plan géographique, un effet régional hautement significatif ayant été observé : moyens engraisseurs (n=36), petits mixtes marchands (n=32), moyens peu marchands (n=21), moyens mobiles marchands (n=23), petits peu marchands (n=22), grands marchands (n=15) et grands naisseurs (n=38). Les types sont interprétés au regard du contexte géographique et climatique de chacune des régions.
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- 2021
26. Typologie pour l'action des exploitations des zones cotonnières de Côte d'Ivoire
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Koné, Siaka, Fok, Michel, Koné, Siaka, and Fok, Michel
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Dans les zones cotonnières de l'Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre, le soutien apporté aux exploitations dans le cadre d'actions nationales ou en coopération ne repose pas sur une typologie des exploitations, que ce soit pour l'identification des actions à conduire ou pour l'évaluation de celles-ci. Une telle situation peut résulter d'un manque de typologie ou, plus souvent, du manque d'application effective et régulière d'une typologie. Cet article propose une démarche de typologie pour l'action en Côte d'Ivoire, la distribution des exploitations entre les types servant à identifier les actions à conduire puis à évaluer leurs impacts. Cette typologie est fondée sur l'identification d'un critère quantitatif simple et sur la mesure des niveaux de divers indicateurs techniques et socio-économiques corrélés avec le critère choisi. La typologie, basée sur les données d'une enquête faite en 2014, a été établie sur la base du seul critère de la possession de bovins, en cohérence avec la tradition de thésaurisation dans le bétail. En raison des corrélations entre ce critère et d'autres, les quatre types d'exploitations différenciés par le niveau de possession de bovins sont aussi clairement différents pour leurs performances techniques et financières dans la culture du coton, les caractéristiques des agriculteurs (âge, taille des familles et des exploitations…), ainsi que pour la possession de biens durables. La typologie proposée est adaptée au contexte local, simple d'application, flexible dans son évolution et pourrait être utile pour la définition de politiques dans les zones cotonnières de Côte d'Ivoire. Pour son application dans la durée, elle requerrait cependant d'actualiser les relations des divers indicateurs techniques et socio-économiques avec le critère de possession de bovins. La tradition commune de thésaurisation dans le bétail autorise à penser que la typologie étudiée pourrait aussi être adaptée pour les autres pays producteurs de coton d'Afrique de l'Ouest
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- 2021
27. Productivité et efficience des systèmes agroforestiers à base d'oliviers au Maroc : cas de Moulay Driss Zerhoun
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Amassaghrou, Asmae, Bouaziz, Ahmed, Daoui, Khalid, Belhouchette, Hatem, Ezzahouani, Abdelaziz, Barkaoui, Karim, Amassaghrou, Asmae, Bouaziz, Ahmed, Daoui, Khalid, Belhouchette, Hatem, Ezzahouani, Abdelaziz, and Barkaoui, Karim
- Abstract
Au Maroc, les systèmes agroforestiers à base d'olivier sont très répandus et diversifiés. Ce travail vise à caractériser leur diversité et leurs performances dans la région de Moulay Driss Zerhoun, au Nord du Maroc. Pour ce faire, 72 enquêtes ont été réalisées auprès des agriculteurs. Pour chaque exploitation, les systèmes agroforestiers ont été comparés à des systèmes de culture pure et à des vergers d'oliviers purs. En condition pluviale, l'insertion des légumineuses et des céréales dans les oliveraies constitue la pratique dominante. Il y a des différences très significatives de rendements pour les cultures annuelles et pour les oliviers entre systèmes associés d'agroforesterie, témoins en cultures annuelles pures et témoins en verger d'olivier. Le Land Equivalent Ratio (surface équivalente assolée) des rendements et celui des marges brutes sont toujours supérieurs à 1 avec les céréales et les légumineuses en agroforesterie. Nos résultats suggèrent que les systèmes agroforestiers sont plus productifs, rentables et efficients que les cultures pures. L'agroforesterie constituerait donc une stratégie pour une production durable, mais il faudrait d'autres expérimentations pour mieux appréhender la productivité de ces systèmes et préciser leurs atouts et leurs limites.
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- 2021
28. Multi-level management of harvest for fresh fruit: The case of Corsican clementine
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Belmin, Raphaël, Casabianca, François, Julhia, Laurent, Meynard, Jean-Marc, Belmin, Raphaël, Casabianca, François, Julhia, Laurent, and Meynard, Jean-Marc
- Abstract
Despite their crucial importance for food product quality, harvest management practices remain understudied. Harvest is particularly challenging in the fresh fruit sector, due to the fruit's perishable, variable, and seasonal nature. In this study, we seek to better understand the agronomic, organizational, and institutional drivers influencing fruit harvest management, using the Corsican clementine harvest as a case study. In that production area, the standard “Clémentine de Corse” protected geographical indication is used by local actors to define and enforce appropriate harvest practices. The data were gathered through interviews with the farmers, packing station managers, and shippers who form the first link in the production chain. We show that harvest practices are shaped by the interactions between three management levels: (i) the plot, where picking teams select the fruit to be picked from those to be left on the tree for the next pass; (ii) the farm level, at which growers synchronize the harvesting dynamics with the ripening process of a set of plots with heterogeneous degrees of maturity; and (iii) the marketing level, where shippers and packers must match up the harvesting dynamics of all their suppliers with the demands of their buyers' market. According to this multi-level perspective, we analyzed the agronomic, organizational, and institutional drivers influencing the diversity of harvest management practices among farmers, and the influence of the protected geographical indication on the harvest process. Our study is the first to highlight how harvest practices are constructed and how various hierarchical levels of agricultural systems act together to shape them. Based on these results, we draw generic lessons and perspectives with a view to improving fresh fruit harvest management.
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- 2021
29. Community-based performance indicators for monitoring and evaluating livestock interventions
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Gobvu, V., Ncube, S., Caron, Alexandre, Mugabe, P.H., Gobvu, V., Ncube, S., Caron, Alexandre, and Mugabe, P.H.
- Abstract
The research aimed at identifying livestock performance indicators used by farmers in Malipati community, Zimbabwe, and use them in developing a monitoring and evaluation framework for livestock interventions. Mixed methods research was used in the study. A questionnaire was administered to identify performance indicators of preference by farmers. Focus group discussions were done to rank performance indicators. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 25, and data were analysed using the ranking matrix. Scientific validity of performance indicators was determined through literature review. The study concluded that performance indicators of importance in poultry, cattle, goats/sheep, and donkeys were egg production, milk yield, kidding/lambing interval, and animal power, respectively. All performance indicators identified by farmers in Malipati are scientifically valid and were used in the development of the monitoring and evaluation framework.
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- 2021
30. Farmers' preferences for water-saving strategies in Brazilian eucalypt plantations
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Julie Subervie, Jean-Paul Laclau, Fernando Palha Leite, Gabriela Demarchi, Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - UMR 5211 (CEE-M), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Celulose Nipo-Brasileira SA (CENIBRA), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ANR-13-AGRO-0005,MACACC,Modélisation pour l'accompagnement des ACteurs, vers l'Adaptation des Couverts pérennes ou agroforestiers aux Changements globaux(2013), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier (CEE-M), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro
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Mode de culture ,Water resources ,Rotation culturale ,Sociology and Political Science ,Natural resource economics ,F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture ,Enquête sur exploitations agricoles ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,adaptation aux changements climatiques ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,Order (exchange) ,Climate change ,2. Zero hunger ,Eucalyptus ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Forestry ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,Preference ,Participation des agriculteurs ,Pratique culturale ,Gestion des eaux ,Ressource en eau ,Brazil ,Economics and Econometrics ,P40 - Météorologie et climatologie ,Plantations ,Sample (statistics) ,Context (language use) ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Choice experiment ,Conservation de l'eau ,P10 - Ressources en eau et leur gestion ,Adaptation ,Eucalypt ,Productivity ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Drought ,15. Life on land ,Business - Abstract
International audience; In a climate change context, changing temperature and precipitation patterns are expected to have strong impacts on Brazilian eucalypt plantations. Implementing adaptive water-efficient management practices is thus becoming necessary to maintain high levels of productivity while preserving the water resources. This paper investigates the ability of eucalypt farmers to modify their current silvicultural practices in order to adapt to drought in the near future. We ran a choice experiment in the state of Minas Gerais, among 80 eucalypt tree farmers, who were asked to choose from several management options associated with various financial supports. The results show that adaptation by reducing the length of the eucalypt rotation proves to be by far the preferred option, despite the associated costs. On the contrary, reducing density appears to be the least chosen option by the respondents, which may suggest that they underestimate the benefits of this strategy. We moreover find a clear and relevant segmentation of farmers' choice behavior, the general preference for reducing the length of the eucalypt rotation being driven by the most vulnerable farmers of the sample
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- 2021
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31. Multi-level management of harvest for fresh fruit: the case of Corsican clementine
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Raphael Belmin, François Casabianca, Laurent Julhia, Jean-Marc Meynard, Fonctionnement agroécologique et performances des systèmes de cultures horticoles (UPR HORTSYS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Systèmes d'Elevage Méditerranéens et Tropicaux - Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Développement de l'Elevage (SELMET-LRDE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Citrus, AgroParisTech, and This work was supported by the French Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE) and by the Territorial Authority of Corsica (Collectivite Territoriale de Corse).
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[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,Récolte ,0106 biological sciences ,Citrus ,F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture ,Enquête sur exploitations agricoles ,fruits ,01 natural sciences ,Agricultural science ,Practices ,media_common ,F07 - Façons culturales ,2. Zero hunger ,Clémentine ,Harvest governance ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Quality ,Maturity (finance) ,J11 - Manutention, transport, stockage et conservation des produits d'origine végétale ,Product (business) ,language ,Geographical indication ,Environmental Engineering ,Process (engineering) ,Supply chain ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Horticulture ,pratique agricole ,Quality (business) ,Sustainable development ,business.industry ,15. Life on land ,language.human_language ,Agriculture ,structure agraire ,Produit frais ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Business ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Corsican ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
International audience; Despite their crucial importance for food product quality, harvest management practices remain understudied. Harvest is particularly challenging in the fresh fruit sector, due to the fruit’s perishable, variable, and seasonal nature. In this study, we seek to better understand the agronomic, organizational, and institutional drivers influencing fruit harvest management, using the Corsican clementine harvest as a case study. In that production area, the standard “Clémentine de Corse” protected geographical indication is used by local actors to define and enforce appropriate harvest practices. The data were gathered through interviews with the farmers, packing station managers, and shippers who form the first link in the production chain. We show that harvest practices are shaped by the interactions between three management levels: (i) the plot, where picking teams select the fruit to be picked from those to be left on the tree for the next pass; (ii) the farm level, at which growers synchronize the harvesting dynamics with the ripening process of a set of plots with heterogeneous degrees of maturity; and (iii) the marketing level, where shippers and packers must match up the harvesting dynamics of all their suppliers with the demands of their buyers’ market. According to this multi-level perspective, we analyzed the agronomic, organizational, and institutional drivers influencing the diversity of harvest management practices among farmers, and the influence of the protected geographical indication on the harvest process. Our study is the first to highlight how harvest practices are constructed and how various hierarchical levels of agricultural systems act together to shape them. Based on these results, we draw generic lessons and perspectives with a view to improving fresh fruit harvest management.
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Community-based performance indicators for monitoring and evaluating livestock interventions
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V. Gobvu, S. Ncube, Prisca H. Mugabe, Alexandre Caron, University of Zimbabwe (UZ), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Université Eduardo Mondlane, This study was funded by the European Commission under the EU-ProSuLi project, FED/2017394-443 and conducted within the framework of the Research Platform Production and Conservation in Partnership (www.rp-pcp.org)., and European Project: FED/2017394-443
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0106 biological sciences ,Suivi et d’évaluation ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Enquête sur exploitations agricoles ,Psychological intervention ,Élevage ,01 natural sciences ,Food Animals ,Scientific validity ,Performance animale ,Contrôle de performance ,Monitoring and evaluation framework ,2. Zero hunger ,Community based ,Farmers ,Multimethodology ,Goats ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Geography ,Livestock ,approches communautaires ,indicateur ,Zimbabwe ,production de bétail ,Sheep Diseases ,010603 evolutionary biology ,Environmental health ,Animals ,Goat Diseases ,Sheep ,business.industry ,L01 - Élevage - Considérations générales ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Monitoring and evaluation ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Focus group ,Ranking ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Cattle ,Performance indicator ,business - Abstract
International audience; The research aimed at identifying livestock performance indicators used by farmers in Malipati community, Zimbabwe, and use them in developing a monitoring and evaluation framework for livestock interventions. Mixed methods research was used in the study. A questionnaire was administered to identify performance indicators of preference by farmers. Focus group discussions were done to rank performance indicators. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 25, and data were analysed using the ranking matrix. Scientific validity of performance indicators was determined through literature review. The study concluded that performance indicators of importance in poultry, cattle, goats/sheep, and donkeys were egg production, milk yield, kidding/lambing interval, and animal power, respectively. All performance indicators identified by farmers in Malipati are scientifically valid and were used in the development of the monitoring and evaluation framework.
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Spatial and temporal diversity of service plant management strategies across vineyards in the south of France. Analysis through the Coverage Index
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Karim Barkaoui, Hugo Fernández-Mena, Audrey Naulleau, Aurélie Metay, Raphaël Metral, Florian Celette, Laure Hossard, Léo Garcia, Christian Gary, Hélène Frey, Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Agroécologie et Environnement (AGE), Isara, Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation (UMR Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and This project was funded by INRAE, Division of Environment and Agronomy and Montpellier SupAgro, Institut Agro, and University of Montpellier.
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0106 biological sciences ,F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture ,Vignoble ,Enquête sur exploitations agricoles ,Plant Science ,01 natural sciences ,Survey ,Cover crop ,media_common ,2. Zero hunger ,F07 - Façons culturales ,biology ,Spontaneous vegetation ,Environmental resource management ,Intercropping ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Vegetation ,Geography ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Service plant ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Soil Science ,Vineyard ,Culture intercalaire ,Plante de couverture ,Quality (business) ,Ecosystem ,Service (business) ,business.industry ,15. Life on land ,Vineyards ,biology.organism_classification ,services écosystémiques ,Water resources ,Agronomy ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Plante de culture ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
International audience; Highlights:• Spontaneous service plants strategies present a high spatial and temporal diversity.• Strategies can be measured by calculating the Coverage Index (CI) for each vineyard.• Higher CI was linked to quality labels, organic crop protection and low target yields.• No link was found between CI and water and soil resources in vineyards.• Target services by winegrowers are consistent with the CI and period coverage.Abstract: 'Service plants' include spontaneous vegetation or sown species of cover crops associated with perennial crops in the rows or inter-rows with a high potential to provide ecosystem functions and services. In vineyards, service plants target specific services depending on the management strategy implemented by the winegrower, including the plant species, the surface covered, the plant growth control and destruction date. Understanding the management strategies linked to their associated target services at the regional scale is necessary to better help winegrowers, advisers and policy makers regarding an adapted use of service plants. To do this, we conducted a survey in 2016 among 334 winegrowers in Languedoc-Roussillon region in France, enquiring about their service plant management practices during the season 2014-2015. Given the diversity of the strategies of service plant management, we proposed a typology analyzing their spatial and temporal dimensions. Further, we present a Coverage Index (CI), which combines both temporal and spatial dimensions of the service plant management strategies. We conducted a multiple components analysis and clustering to create a vineyard typology and applied linear models to find correlations between the CI and specific vineyard characteristics. Three quarters of interviewed winegrowers sowed or maintained service plants in their vineyards; 41 % used a winter service plant strategy; 8.4 % a semi-permanent and 27.3 % a permanent service plant strategy. The preferred surface coverage strategy was full surface during grapevine dormancy and its reduction to half of the inter-rows after grapevine budburst. However, the diversity of surface coverage strategies during the grapevine vegetative period was remarkable. Lower water resources and specific soil characteristics were not linked to the service plant management strategies. Higher CI was associated with vineyards presenting quality labels (PDO and Organic), independent wine-making and lower target yields, showing that the added value of producing high quality wine plays an important role when implementing service plants in vineyards. Overall, our study showed: i) the popularity of spontaneous service plant strategies; ii) the spatial and temporal diversity of service plant management strategies and iii) the utility of the CI to study the implementation of service plants and to understand the motivations and constraints of their use.
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- 2021
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34. Typologie descriptive des systèmes d'élevage camelin en Mauritanie
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Biya, M.B., Chrif Ahmed, M.S., Dieye, C.Y., Diop, A.K.M., Mohamed, R.B., Salem, A., Sidatt, M., Side Elemine, K.M., Mohamed, M.S., N'Diaye, F.B., Meiloud, G., Konuspayeva, Gaukhar, and Faye, Bernard
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L01 - Élevage - Considérations générales ,Dromadaire ,Enquête sur exploitations agricoles ,Typologie ,Système d'élevage ,E20 - Organisation, administration et gestion des entreprises ou exploitations agricoles ,Biodiversité ,Camelidae - Abstract
Une typologie descriptive des systèmes d'élevage camelins a été réalisée sur l'ensemble du territoire mauritanien dans le but d'en connaître la diversité. Au total, 187 élevages camelins des quatre régions du pays (Sud, Centre, Est, Nord) ont été enquêtés. Les 49 variables retenues portaient sur six thèmes : l'éleveur, le troupeau, la santé animale, l'alimentation, les pratiques de traite et les pratiques commerciales. La stratégie statistique s'est appuyée sur une analyse séparée des sous-tableaux regroupant les variables par thème afin de déterminer des types d'éleveurs, de troupeaux, de pratiques alimentaires, de statut sanitaire, de pratiques de traite et de flux commerciaux. Les descriptions de ces types ont été suivies d'une analyse globale permettant d'identifier sept types d'élevage fortement différenciés sur le plan géographique, un effet régional hautement significatif ayant été observé : moyens engraisseurs (n=36), petits mixtes marchands (n=32), moyens peu marchands (n=21), moyens mobiles marchands (n=23), petits peu marchands (n=22), grands marchands (n=15) et grands naisseurs (n=38). Les types sont interprétés au regard du contexte géographique et climatique de chacune des régions.
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- 2021
35. Covid-19 management by farmers and policymakers in Burkina Faso, Colombia and France: lessons for climate action
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Laure Hossard, Nadine Andrieu, P. Guerra, Nina Graveline, Ngonidzashe Chirinda, Patrick Dugué, Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation (UMR Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and Mohammed VI Polytechnic University [Marocco] (UM6P)
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010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Natural resource economics ,F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture ,Cash crop ,Enquête sur exploitations agricoles ,[SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy ,01 natural sciences ,Greenhouse gas emission ,11. Sustainability ,Climate change ,2. Zero hunger ,Prise de décision ,1. No poverty ,Secteur agricole ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,réduction des émissions ,P02 - Pollution ,P40 - Météorologie et climatologie ,Agricultural model ,Context (language use) ,Agricultural sector ,Évaluation impact sur environnement ,Production (economics) ,émissions de gaz à effet de serre ,atténuation des effets du changement climatique ,Crise économique ,E10 - Économie et politique agricoles ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Consumption (economics) ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,[SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics ,15. Life on land ,Climate change mitigation ,Action (philosophy) ,13. Climate action ,Agriculture ,Greenhouse gas ,Système d'exploitation agricole ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Animal Science and Zoology ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
CONTEXT During crises, adaptation or recovery measures or plans at local or national scales may not necessarily address longer-term or structural problems such as climate change mitigation. OBJECTIVE This article describes farmers and policymakers' responses to mitigate the adverse effects of Covid-19 on the agricultural sector. We then assess the responses' possible effects on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. METHODS The study is based on surveys conducted with farmers, traders, and extension staff in Burkina Faso, Colombia, and France, and literature. We used the Cool Farm Tool calculator to assess GHG emissions associated with fertilizer production, crop production and produce transportation to international markets for the three main cash crops in the three countries. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We identified contrasting responses by the agricultural sector mostly driven by changes in the consumption patterns at local or international levels. We also identified contrasting state responses to mitigate Covid-19. These responses at farm and policy scales led to similar trends in decreasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions across the studied countries. However, none of the studied countries linked Covid-19 response measures to long-term climate change mitigation actions. Therefore, an opportunity to sustain Covid-19 induced short-term decreases in GHG emissions was overlooked. SIGNIFICANCE Analyzing the impacts that Covid-19 had on agricultural systems and the decision taken by policymakers to handle its direct and indirect effects can help society draw lessons on how to improve climate action.
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- 2021
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36. Co-production de services écosystémiques par des pratiques agricoles : perception des acteurs en appui aux agriculteurs familiaux en Amazonie brésilienne
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Marie-Gabrielle Piketty, Samir Messad, Emilie Coudel, Christophe Le Page, Antonio Gabriel Lima Resque, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Savoirs, ENvironnement et Sociétés (SENS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Universidade federal rural da Amazonia, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
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0106 biological sciences ,Agroecosystem ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture ,Enquête sur exploitations agricoles ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Ecosystem services ,Low input agriculture ,exploitant agricole ,Agroecosystems ,partie intéressée ,Agricultural extension ,media_common ,2. Zero hunger ,F07 - Façons culturales ,Amazon rainforest ,021107 urban & regional planning ,010601 ecology ,Agroécosystème ,P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Co-production of ecosystem services ,Petite exploitation agricole ,pratique agricole ,Deforestation ,Fertilité du sol ,Production (economics) ,Disponibilité alimentaire ,Environmental planning ,Lutte antiérosion ,Agriculture faible niveau intrants ,business.industry ,Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) ,Cycle hydrologique ,15. Life on land ,services écosystémiques ,Agriculture ,Animal Science and Zoology ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Diversity (politics) - Abstract
International audience; This paper investigates the perceptions of a diversity of stakeholders supporting smallholders in the eastern Brazilian Amazon about ecosystem services and agricultural practices. Our results come from 30 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders in two contrasting municipalities in this region (Paragominas and Irituia). We identified 17 different ecosystem services and 15 agricultural practices. Using a multidimensional scaling (MDS), we differentiated the stakeholders’ perceptions of co-production of ecosystem services. The most mentioned ecosystem services are food supply, regulation of water cycles, soil fertility and erosion prevention. Overall, there is a positive perception that agricultural practices are providing ecosystem services. Biodiversity-based practices are associated with the provision of a broad range of ecosystem services whereas mechanical-chemical practices are mainly linked to food supply. Use of fire, deforestation and use of chemical pesticides are perceived as having most negative effects on the provision of ecosystem services. The type of activity performed by the stakeholders and their municipality are the main factors influencing their perception of ecosystem services co-production. In conclusion, the concept of co-production of ecosystem services related to agroecosystems is relevant as local actors recognize a diversity of effects of agricultural practices on service provision.; Cette étude analyse les perceptions relatives aux services écosystémiques et aux pratiques agricoles, de différents acteurs venant en appui aux agriculteurs familiaux en Amazonie brésilienne orientale. Nos résultats se fondent sur 30 entretiens semi-directifs avec des acteurs clés de deux municipalités contrastées de cette région (Paragominas et Irituia). Dix-sept services écosystémiques différents et 15 pratiques agricoles ont été identifiés. Un positionnement multidimensionnel (MDS) a permis de différencier la perception des acteurs sur la coproduction de services écosystémiques. La production de nourriture, la régulation des cycles de l’eau, la fertilité des sols et la prévention de l’érosion, sont les services écosystémiques les plus mentionnés. Globalement, les pratiques agricoles sont perçues de manière positive en termes de fourniture de services écosystémiques. Les pratiques basées sur la biodiversité (principalement l’introduction de différentes plantes) sont associées à une grande diversité de services, tandis que les pratiques basées sur les intrants chimiques et l’énergie mécanique sont principalement associées à la production de nourriture. L’utilisation du feu, la déforestation et l’utilisation des pesticides chimiques sont considérées comme ayant principalement des effets négatifs sur la fourniture de services écosystémiques. Le type d’activité exercée par les acteurs et la municipalité sont les principaux facteurs influençant leur perception de la co-production de services écosystémiques. En conclusion, le concept de co-production lié aux agroécosystèmes est pertinent, car les acteurs locaux reconnaissent une diversité d’effets des pratiques agricoles sur la fourniture de services.
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- 2021
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37. Organizational design and environmental performance: The case of French dairy farms
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Danielle Galliano, Tiago Teixeira da Silva Siqueira, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, PSDR4 program (INRAE Conseil Regional Occitanie), CAPES 0900-13-3, and ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011)
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[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,Organizational architecture ,Enquête sur exploitations agricoles ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Absorptive capacity ,Sustainable agriculture ,Agriculture durable ,Waste Management and Disposal ,media_common ,2. Zero hunger ,Agriculture ,General Medicine ,Dairying ,Agricultural practices ,P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières ,Exploitation laitière ,Farms ,Environmental Engineering ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Best practice ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Diversification (marketing strategy) ,Dairy sector ,pratique agricole ,Quality (business) ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Farm organization ,L01 - Élevage - Considérations générales ,Environmental economics ,Gestion de l'exploitation agricole ,bonnes pratiques agricoles ,020801 environmental engineering ,Environmental performance ,E20 - Organisation, administration et gestion des entreprises ou exploitations agricoles ,Protection de l'environnement ,13. Climate action ,Bust ,Meilleure pratique ,Business ,Market environment - Abstract
International audience; Understanding the processes related to the adoption of best environmental practices is an important challenge to support the transition to more sustainable agriculture. Our paper aims to contribute to this issue by analyzing the relation between farm's organizational design and environmental performance. We used data of 47562 dairy farms from the 2010 French Agricultural Census and employed econometric analysis to study the correlation between farm's internal and external factors and environmental performance. The environmental performance is approached by a score based on the adoption of nine best management practices. The results show that while the internal, structural and managerial resources, through which farms can increase their absorptive capacity, play an important role, external factors, particularly the type of market environment in which farms operate, play a key role in environmental performance. The results also highlight the central role of farms' spatial environment and, more specifically, the strong correlation with the environmental performance of the neighboring dairy farms. Finally, policies to promote locally farmer's experience exchanges, to supporting diversification, high quality products and short circuits can bust the environmental performance of dairy sector.
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- 2021
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38. Quelle place du conseil agricole dans les services support à l'innovation à Madagascar ?
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Noroseheno Ralisoa, Edson Samuel Noharinjanaharya, Narilala Randrianarisona, Syndhia Mathé, Sarah Audouin, Patrick Dugué, Harilala Andriamaniraka, Hycenth Tim Ndah, and Tovo Ratsimbazafy
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transfert de l’information ,Enquête ,Enquête sur exploitations agricoles ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,021107 urban & regional planning ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,E14 - Économie et politique du développement ,Service de vulgarisation ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Animal Science and Zoology ,C20 - Vulgarisation ,Conseiller agricole ,Innovation ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
Le conseil agricole occupe une place prépondérante dans l’appui aux processus d’innovation, particulièrement dans les pays du Sud. Or, l’accompagnement de l’innovation nécessite une diversité de formes d’appuis, appelés services support à l’innovation (SSI). À partir d’une analyse exploratoire à Madagascar, cet article questionne la place du conseil agricole vis-à-vis de la diversité des organisations et des activités d’accompagnement de l’innovation. Les principales organisations fournissant des SSI ont été étudiées dans quatre régions des Hautes Terres de Madagascar et leur offre de SSI caractérisée. Les résultats montrent que le conseil technique reste prépondérant dans l’éventail de l’offre de SSI, avec un fort pluralisme des fournisseurs de conseil et une diversité de combinaisons avec les autres SSI. Or, les porteurs d’innovation doivent bénéficier d’autres SSI, tels que le renforcement de capacité, la mise en réseau, des appuis institutionnels, un accès au financement, intrants et équipements nécessaires à l’innovation. Ces résultats appellent à renouveler les postures du conseiller agricole vers davantage d’appui au renforcement de capacité et interrogent la stratégie des organisations vis-à-vis de leur appui à l’innovation : la spécialisation dans le conseil, la combinaison à d’autres SSI ou la collaboration avec d’autres organisations. Ces éléments renouvellent le constat du pluralisme de l’offre de conseil qui, analysé par le prisme des SSI, ne s’applique pas seulement à l’échelon de l’agent-conseiller ou de l’organisation, mais également dans des réseaux d’organisations aux configurations variables. Les perspectives de cette analyse sont d’assurer la coordination des dispositifs de conseil avec les autres fournisseurs de SSI pour une plus grande efficacité dans l’accompagnement des porteurs d’innovation.
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- 2021
39. Agroecology in North African irrigated plains? Mapping promising practices and characterizing farmers’ underlying logics
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Fatah Ameur, Hichem Amichi, Crystèle Leauthaud, Centre de recherches en économie appliquée au développement (CREAD), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Solidarités, Sociétés, Territoires (LISST), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
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[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture ,Adaptive strategies ,agroécologie ,Enquête sur exploitations agricoles ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Ecosystem services ,agriculture alternative ,Soil management ,systèmes d'innovation agricole ,Sustainable agriculture ,Farming systems ,F06 - Irrigation ,F07 - Façons culturales ,2. Zero hunger ,Global and Planetary Change ,Agroforestry ,Natural resource ,Geography ,Agroécosystème ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Irrigated agriculture ,Plaine ,Maghreb ,Ecological intensification ,pratique agricole ,Agricultural productivity ,Agroecology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Intensification ,business.industry ,Culture irriguée ,15. Life on land ,Agriculture ,Sustainability ,Système de culture ,Innovative practices ,business - Abstract
International audience; In the irrigated plains of North Africa, the sustainability of productive resources is subject to multiple threats linked to the prevailing productivist model of irrigated agriculture. These threats, such as soil degradation and unequal access to resources, markets, and information, prompt farmers to mobilize depleting natural resources, including soil and water, in an often environmentally unsustainable way. In order to sustain their farming systems and consequent incomes, farmers sometimes update their strategies by setting-up alternative farming practices. This study aims at mapping and analyzing such existing local farming practices with agroecological potentials. Our approach is based on direct observations combined with 150 interviews of farmers in three major irrigated plains in North Africa, namely, the Merguellil, Upper Cheliff, and Saiss plains, respectively, in Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco. This study shows that a wide range of alternative practices with agroecological potential are emerging (or exist) locally, against the flow of the dominant agricultural model which is rather in favor of intensive practices. The most common practices are developed to improve soil fertility management (production of manure tea, integration of legumes in crop successions), increase per surface agricultural production (relay intercropping, intercropping, agroforestry), or provide multiple ecosystem services (diversification, livestock integration). These practices are jointly used, mostly to (i) increase land-use efficiency, and hence face land fragmentation; (ii) diversify their cropping strategy, and spread out market-related risks; and (iii) reduce expensive production costs related to irrigation and chemical fertilization. The gradient of adoption observed according to national contexts suggests a strong influence of contrasting socio-political and historical factors at the regional to national levels. The analysis of logics in implementing such practices by farmers indicates that economic reasons take precedence over environmental concerns. As such, these practices can be seen as (i) an access to low-cost strategies for small farmers or (ii) a pathway to international markets for agribusiness farmers. Taming the extensive local knowledge related to ecological intensification strategies, as identified in this study, can help to pave the way for a more sustainable agriculture, in this intensively cultivated region of the world.
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- 2020
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40. Trade-Offs between Sustainability Indicators in Response to the Production Choices of Different Farm Household Types in Drylands
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Hatem Belhouchette, Roza Chenoune, Yigezu A. Yigezu, Christian Gary, Loubna El Ansari, Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM), Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas [Egypte] (ICARDA), International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), This research received funding from the Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Montpellier CIHEAM-IAMM, the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) and the SemiArid (ERANET ArimNet, 2017–2020) project., European Project: 618127,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-ERANET-2013-RTD,ARIMNET2(2014), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
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INDICATORS ,ARID ZONES ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Farm income ,Biodiversity ,AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLD ,FARM SURVEYS ,01 natural sciences ,MOROCCO ,Agricultural economics ,GESTION DES RESSOURCES ,VALEUR NUTRITIVE ,farm household typology ,2. Zero hunger ,PRODUCTIVITY ,CEREALE ,DURABILITE ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Geography ,ECOLOGICALLY INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE ,CULTIVATION OF CEREALS ,agricultural production systems ,PRODUCTIVITE ,NUTRITIVE VALUE ,ENQUETE SUR EXPLOITATIONS AGRICOLES ,AGRICULTURE ECOLOGIQUEMENT INTENSIVE ,CLASSIFICATION ,RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,lcsh:Agriculture ,SUSTAINABILITY ,INDICATEUR ,Production (economics) ,Agricultural productivity ,Productivity ,CEREALS ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,drylands ,MAROC ,ZONE ARIDE ,CEREALICULTURE ,business.industry ,INTENSIFICATION ,sustainable intensification ,lcsh:S ,[SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics ,SYSTEME DE PRODUCTION ,15. Life on land ,AGRICULTURAL INCOME ,MENAGE AGRICOLE ,REVENU AGRICOLE ,FARMING SYSTEM ,trade-offs ,Agriculture ,efficiency ,Sustainability ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Diversity (business) - Abstract
International audience; A lot of national and international effort has been made to promote sustainable agricultural production systems in drylands. However, success has been seriously limited due to lack of thorough characterization of the impact of the diversity of farm household types on productivity, resource-use efficiency and economic and nutritional status. This study applied hierarchical ascendant classification to a random sample of 286 cereal-producing farm households in Morocco and identified distinct household typologies. It also carried out an analysis of trade-offs between economic, nutritional and environmental factors induced by the production decisions of the different farm household typologies. Our analysis identified three dominant farm household typologies in the production system, namely: (i) intensive predominantly-vegetable farming households with high input intensities, (ii) semi-intensive cereal mono-crop farming households with moderate input intensities and (iii) extensive mixed cereal-legume farming households with low input intensities. Extensive mixed cereal-legume farming households exhibited the highest resource-use efficiency and high biodiversity. These benefits, however, came at the expense of a much lower farm income and limited food supplies relative to the other two systems. These results show that, as is the case for many dryland regions, all three farm types showed precarious conditions for one or more of the sustainability-related indicators.
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- 2020
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41. Waso: An Innovative Device to Uncover Independent Converging Opinions of Irrigation System Farmers
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Amadou Keita, Dial Niang, Bruno Lidon, and Mahamadou Koïta
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Irrigation ,F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture ,Sugar cane ,Enquête sur exploitations agricoles ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Soil Science ,02 engineering and technology ,Agricultural science ,Méthode d'irrigation ,Soroban ,F06 - Irrigation ,Projet de développement ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Confidence interval ,020801 environmental engineering ,Test (assessment) ,approches participatives ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,Tukey's range test ,Drainage ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Psychology ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
Many development projects fail due to farmers' individual antagonistic strategies. Group surveys often fail to capture underlying individual motivations. An innovation from the African game Awale and the Japanese abacus named Soroban, WASO was used to assess opinions in the Baguinéda Irrigation Scheme (Mali) for rice cultivation and the sugar cane company of SUCAF‐CI (Côte d'Ivoire). The WASO scores were introduced into the ANOVA/Tukey test or Kruskal–Wallis/Mann–Whitney test to check their convergence. Such processing provided very useful results in the two case studies. At the Baguinéda Irrigation Scheme, the farmers' foremost concern to improve drainage system maintenance is training for maintenance (score 17.6 ± 1.1 at a 95% confidence interval (CI)). At SUCAF‐CI, sugar cane cutters would be much more available if they were paid on a monthly basis (score 15.7 ± 1.0 at 95% CI). It appeared that the WASO is an effective and versatile statistical interface helping to reveal and prioritize stakeholders' independent converging opinions, crucial to a development project's success.
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- 2019
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42. Managing pests after 15 years of Bt cotton: Farmers' practices, performance and opinions in northern China
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Michel Fok and Guiyan Wang
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H01 - Protection des végétaux - Considérations générales ,0106 biological sciences ,050204 development studies ,Enquête sur exploitations agricoles ,Pesticide application ,01 natural sciences ,F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes ,Protection des plantes ,Agricultural science ,Lygus ,Lutte antiravageur ,biology ,05 social sciences ,food and beverages ,Efficacité d'utilisation ,Context (language use) ,pratique agricole ,0502 economics and business ,Gossypium ,business.industry ,fungi ,Pest control ,Rentabilité ,Plante transgénique ,biology.organism_classification ,H10 - Ravageurs des plantes ,Amélioration des plantes ,respiratory tract diseases ,Pesticide ,Bt cotton ,Agronomy ,Agriculture ,Utilisation ,PEST analysis ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Cropping ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
In China, a substantial amount of literature addresses pest control in Bt cotton, which is genetically engineered to resist some target pests but which had no direct effects on many other pests. The impact of this technology was positive a few years after the commercial release, but this impact was subsequently found to have reversed. The reversal was made known to the international community about ten years after the commercial release of Bt cotton in China, as a consequence of a pest complex shift phenomenon. Nevertheless, all the existing literature seldom took farmers' practices in spraying chemicals into account; farmers' opinions about using Bt cotton were not reported, nor were their opinions of their performance in growing cotton. Our study compensates for this lack through a specific and holistic approach in appraising farmers' practices, performance and opinions 15 years after the commercial release of Bt cotton in northern China. It focused on the topic of pest control by combining a survey of farmers' characteristics and opinions about Bt cotton effectiveness and profitability, as well as on their cotton cropping characteristics, with participatory detailed record-keeping of insecticide spraying by farmers. It is a holistic approach as it took into account the farming context when analyzing the results. Our results indicated that farmers used chemicals somewhat intensively, carrying out 11 insecticide sprayings on average, involving an average of 2 pest target-oriented insecticide controls. The pest complex shift phenomenon was confirmed as farmers aimed 60% of target-oriented insecticide controls at sucking pests, principally aphids even more than Lygus bugs. Three quarters of farmers were not content with Bt cotton profitability while providing a shorter protection time and most of them displayed a lack of proficiency in implementing chemical pest control. The remaining quarter of contented farmers carried out more pest target-oriented insecticide controls. Four spraying strategy factors were found and were associated notably with farmers' attitudes in controlling bollworms, aphids and Lygus bugs. The observed strategies were connected with distinct farming efficiency in a country where farming has lost its attractiveness. Sustainable use of Bt cotton calls for locally adapted actions to improve farmers' proficiency in pest control.
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- 2018
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43. Farmers' perceptions as a driver of agricultural practices: Understanding soil fertility management practices in cocoa agroforestry systems in Cameroon
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Kenfack Essougong, Urcil P., Slingerland, Maja, Mathe, Syndhia, Vanhove, Wouter, Tata Ngome, Precillia I., Boudes, Philippe, Giller, Ken E., Woittiez, Lotte S., Leeuwis, Cees, Kenfack Essougong, Urcil P., Slingerland, Maja, Mathe, Syndhia, Vanhove, Wouter, Tata Ngome, Precillia I., Boudes, Philippe, Giller, Ken E., Woittiez, Lotte S., and Leeuwis, Cees
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In Africa, cocoa yields are low, partly due to soil fertility constraints and poor management. While peoples' knowledge, aspirations, and abilities are key factors explaining their behaviour, little is known about the rationales that underpin soil fertility management practices (SFMPs) of cocoa farmers. To address this gap, we conducted an exploratory survey in two contrasting regions in Cameroon where cocoa is an important crop: the humid forest and the forest-savannah transition zone. Some 30% of farmers in the transition zone as opposed to 13% in the humid forest expressed concerns about soil fertility. The most relevant soil fertility indicators for farmers were high cocoa yield, dark soil colour, ease of tillage, and floral composition. To enhance and maintain soil fertility, farmers used residues from weeding (100%), planting of trees (42%), mineral fertilisers (33%), compost (16%), and manure (13%). More farmers in the transition zone than the humid forest implemented SFMPs. Our findings suggest that soil fertility perceptions, access to inputs, local practices, and experience influence farmers' use of SFMPs. The limited use of mineral fertilisers was explained by poor access whereas the use of organic fertilisers and tree planting were mostly constrained by lack of labour and knowledge. Farmers prioritised practices to increase yield and viewed SFMPs to be the least important management practices, although they believe high cocoa yield is an important indicator of soil fertility. To foster sustainable cocoa intensification, it is necessary to enhance farmers' knowledge on SFMPs, increase access to inputs, and ensure returns on investment while considering farmers' priorities and practices.
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- 2020
44. Dataset for describing the diversity of household farming systems and the degree of crop-livestock diversification and integration in the Western part of Nile valley (Egypt)
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Juanès, Xavier, Alary, Véronique, Osman, Mona-Abdelzaher, Aboul-Naga, Adel, Juanès, Xavier, Alary, Véronique, Osman, Mona-Abdelzaher, and Aboul-Naga, Adel
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The CLIMED household farm dataset comes from a data collection conducted from 2013 to 2014 in five zones of the New Reclaimed Lands in the western part of the Nile Delta (Egypt). The main objective was to describe the diversity of household farms' assets and activities, the degree of crop and livestock integration at the farm level to assess the link between integration, diversification, efficiency, and livelihoods. This data set permitted to compare the diversity of farming systems of 175 household farms and to assess the economic and technical performances of crop-livestock systems along a geographical transect of reclaimed desert lands in Egypt. This dataset was the primary material in the research paper on “Multi-criteria assessment of the sustainability of farming systems in the reclaimed desert lands of Egypt” (See the related research article.). Data described the three main components of the family farm system, i.e., the land, livestock, and household systems, respectively. The description of each activity (mainly crop, animal, or off-farm) by detailing all the incoming and outgoing flows of inputs and outputs allowed investigating the economic and financial contribution of each activity and the degree of dependence or complementarity between them. The dataset provided two tables of analyzed data related to, respectively, 'diversification and integration' and 'efficiency and wellbeing.' Moreover, this dataset constitutes an original material regarding the living conditions and farm functioning in the new lands reclaimed over the last 50 years in Egypt. The survey data were entered into an Access database, checked with statistical cross-checking variables, and completed by field return for missed or non-coherent data.
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- 2020
45. Biodiversity of fruit species in the valley of Oued Righ: the case of the area of Touggourt (Algeria).
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Allam, Abdelkader and Cheloufi, Hamid
- Abstract
Introduction. Algerian oases are characterized by a diversification of local fruit species and cultivars. However, this diversity is subject to erosion. To preserve the genetic heritage, we undertook the first work on the inventory of fruit species crops in the region of Touggourt in south-eastern Algeria. Materials and methods. Our working methods were based on surveys carried out on farms in the Oued Righ region according to a questionnaire that met our objectives. For this, we divided the study region into three zones and in each zone we selected ten farms for the inventory of fruit species cultivated. Results and discussion. The results of our investigations allowed us to identify thirteen species, including four species with a wide distribution (pomegranate tree, apricot tree, fig tree and vine). The local genetic diversity of these species is little known. The varieties or cultivars inventoried have local names given by the farmers in the region according to certain morphological characteristics of the fruit. We surveyed five cultivars for the fig tree, two cultivars for the pomegranate tree, two cultivars for the vine, and two apricot tree cultivars. The study of the biodiversity of fruit trees in the Oued Righ region showed high richness of the species and cultivars; some are local and others are endemic to the region. Better knowledge of genetic diversity will begin with tests of behavior and characterization of the different genotypes encountered to dispel the ambiguities and to highlight the actual composition of populations or varieties of different species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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46. Relation entre la production et la consommation des fruits cultivés sur le plateau d’Allada au sud du Benin.
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Tossou, Christophe Cocou, Floquet, Anne B., and Sinsin, Brice A.
- Abstract
Copyright of Fruits is the property of International Society for Horticultural Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2012
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47. Assessing consumption-production-resources nexus decisions for rice-focused agricultural households in Sierra Leone
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Hatem Belhouchette, Adam M. Komarek, Guillermo Flichman, Roza Chenoune, Alain Capillon, Thomas Allen, Sergio Gomez y Paloma, Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Biodiversity International, International Food Policy Research Institute [Washington] (IFPRI), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Agriculture and Life Sciences in the Economy Unit [Sevilla] (AGRILIFE), JRC Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Seville] (JRC)-European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Seville] (JRC), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and International Food Policy Research Institute
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0106 biological sciences ,Cash crop ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Farm income ,AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLD ,Upland rice ,FARM SURVEYS ,01 natural sciences ,Agricultural economics ,SIERRA LEONE ,Economics ,MATHEMATICAL MODELS ,MODELE MATHEMATIQUE ,2. Zero hunger ,FOOD CONSUMPTION ,SUBVENTION ,1. No poverty ,POLITIQUE DE SOUTIEN ,food and beverages ,Forestry ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION ,PRODUCTION COSTS ,SCENARIO ,HOUSEHOLD INCOME ,SUBSIDIES ,COUT DE PRODUCTION ,ENQUETE SUR EXPLOITATIONS AGRICOLES ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,SUPPORT MEASURES ,Sierra leone ,CONSOMMATION ALIMENTAIRE ,QUALITY OF LIFE ,QUALITE DE LA VIE ,[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology ,Production (economics) ,RICE ,REVENU DES MENAGES ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Consumption (economics) ,business.industry ,SYSTEME DE PRODUCTION ,15. Life on land ,AGRICULTURAL INCOME ,MENAGE AGRICOLE ,REVENU AGRICOLE ,FARMING SYSTEM ,CONSOMMATION DES MENAGES ,Agriculture ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Household income ,business ,RIZ ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
International audience; Although Sierra Leone aims to improve the livelihoods of its rice-farming households, the effect of specific policy changes on diverse households remains an open question. This study presents a household model that simulates strategies of production and consumption for rice-farming households in Sierra Leone. It accounts for non-separability between household production and consumption decisions, accounts for resource constraints, and uses a risk-adjusted measure of welfare. The model simulated the effects of three policy scenarios seeking to improve food consumption and calculated production, consumption and socio-economic indicators. The scenarios included: 1) subsidizing rice seed costs, 2) subsidizing palm oil production costs, and 3) subsidizing the conversion of lowlands into land suitable for rice production. The model was applied to four representative rice-farming households in northern Sierra Leone that differed in their land resources and rice consumption. The four household types included: 1) Upland_intensive, 2) Lowland_intensive, 3) Upland_extensive, and 4) Lowland_extensive. Results show that extensive lowland-based households had the lowest rice consumption (54 kg capita−1 year-1) and caloric intake (843 Kcal capita−1 day−1) in comparison with the other household types. Subsidizing rice seed costs in the lowlands, compared to the baseline scenario, improved rice consumption across the households by 15–34%, and farm income by 12–57%. Regardless of the scenario, differences in caloric intake, in comparison to the baseline scenario, were less than differences in rice consumption, thus indicating substitution effects between the different foods (vegetables, cereals, oils, and sweet potatoes). A maximum caloric increase of 16% was achieved by subsidizing palm oil production costs. Subsidizing lowland conversion for rice cultivation improved rice consumption mainly through the subsidy’s positive effect on rice production, which in turn effected self-consumption. Depending on the scenario, the increase in household income was mainly because of an increase in upland rice area, an increase in rice sowing rates, an increase in cash, or a specialization in lowland rice combined with planting a cash crop.
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- 2017
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48. Contribution to a renewed framework to analyse the interactions between family and capitalist agriculture
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Claude Toko, Juliet Wainaina, Laurien Uwizeyimana, Philippe Pedelahore, and Philippe Vaast
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Archeology ,agriculture familiale ,050204 development studies ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Enquête sur exploitations agricoles ,Plantations ,Coffea ,Diversification (marketing strategy) ,Colonialism ,Financial capital ,0502 economics and business ,Development economics ,050602 political science & public administration ,Economics ,Theobroma cacao ,Agricultural productivity ,media_common ,E10 - Économie et politique agricoles ,Global and Planetary Change ,business.industry ,E90 - Structure agraire ,05 social sciences ,Système de production ,Économie agricole ,E80 - Économie familiale et artisanale ,0506 political science ,Work force ,E20 - Organisation, administration et gestion des entreprises ou exploitations agricoles ,Agriculture ,Anthropology ,Système d'exploitation agricole ,Psychological resilience ,business - Abstract
We examine whether current assumptions concerning the declining resilience of family farming and the growing influence of capitalist forms of agricultural production are being confirmed in the cocoa sector of Cameroon and the coffee sector of Kenya. This study is based on surveys of 181 family and capitalist farmers. Our results indicate that the capitalist approach is being consolidated on former colonial coffee estates in Kenya and on the cocoa pioneer front in Cameroon. This study also shows that in areas with a long history of family farming, family forms are showing good resilience due to a diversification of activities and sources of income, especially nonagricultural ones, and the patrimonialization of the land. Finally, this study proposes a framework for analysing the interactions between family and capitalist agriculture and their respective multisectorial strategies. For family farming, these strategies are based on work force mobility, whereas for capitalist agriculture, they are based on financial capital mobility.
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- 2020
49. Farmers’ Perceptions as a Driver of Agricultural Practices: Understanding Soil Fertility Management Practices in Cocoa Agroforestry Systems in Cameroon
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Syndhia Mathé, Wouter Vanhove, Ken E. Giller, Maja Slingerland, Precillia I. Tata Ngome, Lotte S. Woittiez, Cees Leeuwis, Urcil P. Kenfack Essougong, Philippe Boudes, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-DRC), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Knowledge, Technology and Innovation group, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation (UMR Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement [Yaoundé] (IRAD), Espaces et Sociétés (ESO), Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)
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0106 biological sciences ,Soil fertility management practices ,Sociology and Political Science ,Tree planting ,F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture ,Post-harvest ,Enquête sur exploitations agricoles ,WASS ,01 natural sciences ,Soil management ,Cocoa ,Perceptions ,Cameroon ,2. Zero hunger ,F07 - Façons culturales ,Engrais organique ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,Ecology ,Agroforestry ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,PE&RC ,Participation des agriculteurs ,Tillage ,Geography ,Plant Production Systems ,Technologie and Innovatie ,Centre for Crop Systems Analysis ,Knowledge Technology and Innovation ,Kennis ,Yield (finance) ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Smallholder farmers ,Fertilisation ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,pratique agricole ,systèmes agroforestiers ,Fertilité du sol ,[SDV.SA.STA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture ,Post-harvest Perceptions ,E50 - Sociologie rurale ,Theobroma cacao ,business.industry ,Sowing ,15. Life on land ,Manure ,Pest and disease management ,Gestion du sol ,approches participatives ,Agriculture ,Anthropology ,Plantaardige Productiesystemen ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Soil fertility ,business ,Kennis, Technologie and Innovatie ,010606 plant biology & botany ,F04 - Fertilisation - Abstract
In Africa, cocoa yields are low, partly due to soil fertility constraints and poor management. While peoples’ knowledge, aspirations, and abilities are key factors explaining their behaviour, little is known about the rationales that underpin soil fertility management practices (SFMPs) of cocoa farmers. To address this gap, we conducted an exploratory survey in two contrasting regions in Cameroon where cocoa is an important crop: the humid forest and the forest-savannah transition zone. Some 30% of farmers in the transition zone as opposed to 13% in the humid forest expressed concerns about soil fertility. The most relevant soil fertility indicators for farmers were high cocoa yield, dark soil colour, ease of tillage, and floral composition. To enhance and maintain soil fertility, farmers used residues from weeding (100%), planting of trees (42%), mineral fertilisers (33%), compost (16%), and manure (13%). More farmers in the transition zone than the humid forest implemented SFMPs. Our findings suggest that soil fertility perceptions, access to inputs, local practices, and experience influence farmers’ use of SFMPs. The limited use of mineral fertilisers was explained by poor access whereas the use of organic fertilisers and tree planting were mostly constrained by lack of labour and knowledge. Farmers prioritised practices to increase yield and viewed SFMPs to be the least important management practices, although they believe high cocoa yield is an important indicator of soil fertility. To foster sustainable cocoa intensification, it is necessary to enhance farmers’ knowledge on SFMPs, increase access to inputs, and ensure returns on investment while considering farmers’ priorities and practices.
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- 2020
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50. A crop model for improvement water use efficiency and durum wheat production in the Siliana region
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Mazhoud, H., Chemak, F., Chenoune, R., Hatem Belhouchette, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie (INRAT), Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Université de Carthage - University of Carthage
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SILIANA ,GROUNDWATER ,CROP ROTATION ,MODELS ,[SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy ,[SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics ,HARD WHEAT ,UTILISATION DE L'EAU ,BLE DUR ,WATER USE ,ENQUETE SUR EXPLOITATIONS AGRICOLES ,FARM SURVEYS ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,MODELE ,TUNISIA ,FERTILISATION ,CROP YIELD ,IRRIGATION ,FERTILIZER APPLICATION ,EAU SOUTERRAINE ,ROTATION CULTURALE ,TUNISIE ,RENDEMENT DES CULTURES ,TRITICUM DURUM - Abstract
International audience; In Tunisia, the development of the irrigation within the water scarcity context, remains one of the crucial issues of agricultural activity. The phenomenon of climate change is likely to make the problematic while threatening the country's food security. Thus, water use efficiency is essential to overcome these constraints and to preserve productive and sustainable agricultural activity. This work aims to optimize the water irrigation use and to increase the production of the durum wheat (DW) through improving irrigation practices. For this, a field survey was carried out with a sample of 43 farms from the Siliana region. In order to collect the required data, we have focused on the DW activity during the agricultural compain of 2015 in terms of the applied doses of water and fertilisers as well as the crop rotation. . Using CROPSYST, a crop model has been developed. The model was calibrated and validated to replicate the DW activity during three consecutive crop years 2015, 2016 and 2017. Three strategies of varied mix in terms water irrigation and fertilizers doses were simulated, The results showed the improvement of the yield by 9% that allowed an improvement of the water productivity up to 8.2 kgha-1mm-1. Given these results the Gross Margin may increase by 3% up to 11%.
- Published
- 2020
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