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From advertisers and marketers to salespeople and leaders, everyone wants to hold attention. They want to make ads, pitches, presentations, and content that captivates audiences and keeps them engaged. But not all content has that effect. What makes some content more engaging? A multimethod investigation combines controlled experiments with natural language processing of 600,000 reading sessions from over 35,000 pieces of content to examine what types of language hold attention and why. Results demonstrate that linguistic features associated with processing ease (e.g., concrete or familiar words) and emotion both play an important role. Rather than simply being driven by valence, though, the effects of emotional language are driven by the degree to which different discrete emotions evoke arousal and uncertainty. Consistent with this idea, anxious, exciting, and hopeful language holds attention while sad language discourages it. Experimental evidence underscores emotional language's causal impact and demonstrates the mediating role of uncertainty and arousal. The findings shed light on what holds attention; illustrate how content creators can generate more impactful content; and, as shown in a stylized simulation, have important societal implications for content recommendation algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accounts of aesthetic valuing emphasize two constraints on the formation of aesthetic belief. We must form our own aesthetic beliefs by engaging with aesthetic value first‐hand (the acquaintance principle) and by using our own capacities (the autonomy principle). But why? C. Thi Nguyen's proposal is that aesthetic valuing has an inverted structure. We often care about inquiry and engagement for the sake of having true beliefs, but in aesthetic engagement this is flipped: we care about arriving at good aesthetic beliefs for the sake of the values that arise in the process of doing so. The engagement is the point, so we must use our own capacities in first‐hand encounters. Here I challenge Nguyen's account. I argue that it misconstrues the value of aesthetic belief; it conflicts with restrictions on aesthetic testimony; and it has trouble harnessing engagement‐value for a theory of aesthetic value. A better approach emphasizes the social character of aesthetic valuing. On this view, aesthetic valuing is a social practice structured around the collaborative exercise and improvement of certain special capacities. The autonomy and acquaintance principles tell us to engage these capacities in forming our aesthetic beliefs. Understood aright, and contrary to consensus, these rules are identical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of violent extremism has given rise to new policy debates in Norway. A key limitation of these debates, often grounded in naïve assumptions about the peacebuilding effect of education, is the downplay of emotions and dissent in democratic engagement. This article analyses how selected educators in Norway describe encountering and engaging with extremist students for educational interventional purposes. Previous research suggests that educational efforts to counter violent extremism can be exclusionary from the perspective of target audiences. In contrast, this study draws on agonistic pluralism to provide an alternative to understand educational approaches that may help students disengage from violent extremism. The findings show that the selected educators argue the importance of trust, support and tolerance when engaging with extremist students. For these professionals, education should not downplay radical or extreme emotions but rather place them at the centre of educational engagement. Furthermore, it is suggested that educators' empathic engagement may open the path for young people to disengage from violent extremism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online video platforms such as YouTube feature visual cues on progress bars to spotlight standout segments of videos. These cues, designed to steer users toward intriguing content moments, raise questions about their overarching impact on video consumption patterns. In this study, we delve into inconsumption information cues (ICICs), indicators that depict fluctuating video quality in real time. Drawing from a natural experiment on a live streaming platform, we evaluate the effects of engagement graphs. These are visual timelines that emphasize moments favored by prior viewers in video-on-demand (VOD) content, which represent full replays of live stream sessions. Notably, these graphs are only accessible to iOS users, leaving Android users without access. Our results show that ICICs enhance the viewership of VODs and live streams. Moreover, viewers tend to spend more time immersed in live broadcasts, suggesting heightened content appeal. Yet, these engagement graphs do not prompt users to donate more virtual gifts, a vital income stream for streamers. Even with the introduction of ICICs, while there is a rise in video production, the inherent structure of live streams remained largely unchanged. We conclude by discussing the academic and managerial implications of these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past two years, as a professor of reading education, I have listened to, collaborated, and met with various PreK–12 educators virtually and in person. I collected questions, comments, successes, and challenges related to the ongoing transitions and demands of this post‐pandemic era on teachers, students, and parents. The topics of student motivation to read and engagement in reading remain among the top two areas of need and support for educators. In this article, I present a short summary of research on reading motivation and engagement followed by sample research‐based recommendations for strengthening students' reading motivation and engagement in today's learning environments and resources to support your instructional decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this Article, we focus on a key dimension of commercial surveillance by data-intensive digital platforms that is too often treated as a supporting cast member instead of a star of the show: the concept of engagement. Engagement is, simply put, a measure of time, attention, and other interactions with a service. The economic logic of engagement is simple: more engagement equals more ads watched equals more revenue. Engagement is a lucrative digital business model, but it is problematic in several ways that lurk beneath the happy sloganeering of a "free" internet. Our goal in this Article is to isolate engagement as a distinct and dangerous concept that should be specifically regulated. There is a benefit to seeing past the glib justificatory rhetoric and taking a hard look at engagement-based, surveillance-advertising-funded models as potentially problematic. Unfettered engagement strategies bear significant and underappreciated costs that are endangering our privacy, our democracy, and our culture itself. It's time that wrongful engagement, and the asserted "free" business models it generates, started to bear the burden of those costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on investigating a pilot reading program designed to enhance reading motivation and volume among male students at an all-boys rural school in southern Chile. Topics include low reading motivation and engagement among Chilean male adolescents, the implementation of the reading program informed by Self-Determination Theory.

Consumers are increasingly engaging with content on social media platforms, such as by "following" Twitter accounts and "liking" tweets. How does their engagement change through the day for vice content offering immediate gratification versus virtue content offering long-term knowledge benefits? Examining when (morning vs. evening) engagement happens with which content (vice vs. virtue), the current research reveals a time-of-day asymmetry. As morning turns to evening, engagement shifts away from virtue and toward vice content. This asymmetry is documented in three studies using actual Twitter data—millions of data points collected every 30 minutes over long periods of time—and one study using an experimental setting. Consistent with a process of self-control failure, one of the Twitter data studies shows a theory-driven moderation of the asymmetry, and the experiment shows mediation via self-control. However, multiple processes are likely at play, as time does not unfold in isolation during a day, but co-occurs with the unfolding of multiple events. These results provide new insights into social media engagement and guide practitioners on when to post which content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescents' interaction with their parents at home is pivotal for their physical and mental health, which can further influence their academic achievement at school. However, every culture has distinctive parenting elements which are distinguishable from other cultures. This study explored the influence of parenting styles on adolescents' academic achievement through the mediation role of learning engagement in a Chinese cultural context. A questionnaire was distributed among parents and students, and 1,557 valid responses were received and analyzed using SPSS software, PROCESS macro, Microsoft Excel, and JASP. The results indicated a positive and significant effect of parenting styles on students' academic achievement, with students' learning engagement partially mediating such relationship. Dimension-wise, parents' emotional acceptance positively influenced students' academic achievement, but rejecting and overprotecting them had negative repercussions. A comparison between fathers and mothers showed a higher effect of mothers' parenting styles compared to that of fathers. Generally, students' behaviors result from different forces which act in and outside them, making this study a wake-up call for cherishing collective efforts from parents, teachers, and students toward improving academic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines the intellectual origins of this special issue in a number of conferences and workshops held between 2018 and 2021, addressing the questions of, on the one hand, how the understanding of law and legal institutions can be enhanced with reference to Norbert Elias's conception of both civilizing and decivilizing process and, on the other hand, how Elias's analysis of civilization and decivilization could be developed with a deeper engagement with the specific role of law. After a discussion of the centrality of law to civilizing and decivilizing processes, we identify the central theoretic premises that informed the call for papers and that link all the papers together. This is followed by a very brief outline of each of the nine papers, and finally some concluding reflections on the future directions that research in this field might take. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information disorder can have adverse consequences on health. While there has been growing attention to health information quality among the general population, there has been less focus on the young adult age group and how their insights and ideas can help to explore the effects and potential interventions to address information quality. Since certain information consumption habits and effects vary among young people, their perspective can provide valuable insights for tackling the increasing issue of misinformation. This Perspective examines past youth involvement efforts to suggest ways to incorporate the youth perspective into improving the quality of health information, particularly through engagement strategies aimed at combating misinformation traits. We then propose a set of five recommendations to advance research to address information disorder, researchers can consider the following steps to engage youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crisis caused by COVID-19 has forced many vendors to consider alternative marketing strategies, such as live streaming on social commerce platforms. Social commerce live streaming involves using live streamers to endorse and sell products on their own social media accounts. Statistics show that this format can serve as a survival tool for vendors in exceptional circumstances. However, it is also a valuable opportunity to bring innovation and engagement to traditional e-commerce vendors. Based on a sample of 621 Chinese consumers, this empirical research proposes that features of live streamers (expertise, attractiveness, and humor) play an essential role in social commerce intention. At the same time, virtual friendship, emotional engagement, and platform attachment are antecedents of online purchasing intentions. It also contends that social presence interaction has a moderating effect on live s-commerce and that these elements together constitute a comprehensive model of live s-commerce. Our findings reveal that virtual friendship, platform attachment, and emotional engagement with live streamers are crucial for increasing buying intentions, and they confirm the mediation effect of social commerce intention and the moderating effect of social presence interaction. The practical and theoretical implications are pointed out to assist brands, managers, retailers, and e-marketplaces in developing effective marketing plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents five specific functions of the multilevel engagement theory, which include descriptive, sensitising, integrative, explanatory, and value functions. The multilevel engagement theory considers culture and diversity as central aspects to understanding and explaining family relationships and functioning in societies around the world. The author provides specific examples of the course assignments from his graduate-level course that he taught in two different semesters to demonstrate how the multilevel engagement theory contains and serves these five functions. Additionally, the author uses secondary data from a nationally representative survey to provide empirical evidence and show the application of the multilevel engagement theory. The results show that the multilevel engagement theory effectively serves five important functions by organising and classifying a phenomenon (descriptive), drawing researchers' attention and consciousness to relevant phenomena (sensitising), integrating various pieces of information (integrative), predicting and explaining the relationship between concepts and variables (explanatory), and demonstrating its value in conducting research and describing real-life situations (value). Given the growing diversity and cultural plurality among individuals, couples, and families around the world, the multilevel engagement theory provides researchers and other audiences with an important theoretical lens to conduct research, understand relevant phenomena, and explain real-life situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, firms started to gamify conversational artificial intelligence (AI) agents, such as chatbots, to improve purchase outcomes. This article explores strategies for incorporating gamification into AI systems by investigating the impact of utilitarian and hedonic motivations facilitated by gamified chatbots on various dimensions of customer engagement (cognitive, emotional, and behavioral), as well as the subsequent effects of these dimensions on customers' purchase behavior. By conducting one cross‐sectional and two experimental studies involving real interactions with gamified chatbots, this research identifies two crucial paths that warrant attention: an optimal path from hedonic motivation to behavioral engagement, resulting in enhanced purchase, and a detrimental path from utilitarian motivation to emotional engagement, which reduces purchase. Furthermore, the research compares the effects of two types of gamified chatbots and reveals that a game‐of‐chance‐based chatbot, as opposed to a knowledge‐sharing gamified chatbot, aligns with the optimal path, leading to higher purchasing while at the same time avoiding that customers feel obligated to play the game. Based on these findings, the article provides actionable insights for eliciting favorable psychological and behavioral responses through gamified AI interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the life and work of graphic artist Rolf Münzner, exploring his influences, including Karl Kraus and the Lindenau-Museum Altenburg, as well as his ongoing artistic pursuits and reflections on the current political climate. Topics include Münzner's dedication to confronting societal issues through his art, his admiration for Karl Kraus's satirical work, and his commitment to preserving his legacy through the Lindenau-Museum in Altenburg.

User engagement, a key factor in the success of social media platforms, has long been based on permanent content. A recent paradigm shift in platform design has led large social media providers to implement ephemerality features that by default make shared content disappear after a certain amount of time. However, very little is known about how ephemerality features affect user engagement and behavior in social media. Drawing upon the technology affordance perspective, we conducted a qualitative multimethod study involving individual interviews and focus groups. Our findings show that the affordances arising from features with varying degrees of ephemerality (i.e., snaps and stories) differ from those of permanent content features in terms of self-presentation, browsing others' content, and communication. Adopting a multidimensional conceptualization of user engagement, we show the positive (e.g., more content sharing) and negative (e.g., cognitive burden from context loss) effects for snaps and stories that should be cautiously considered by social media platforms aiming to introduce such features. Finally, we reveal new user behaviors that relate to sharing snapshots of fleeting value as snaps or experiences of transient value as stories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies suggest that eco-anxiety motivates pro-environmental behaviors. However, these studies are all cross-sectional in nature, and they frequently neglect possible important confounding variables (e.g., ecological identity). The present study was designed to deepen our understanding of the effect of eco-anxiety on pro-environmental behaviors by addressing the abovementioned limitations of recent research. The present study consisted of a 2-wave longitudinal study in which eco-anxiety and pro-environmental behaviors as well as possible confounding variables (i.e., ecological identity and personality) were assessed among French adults. As hypothesized, individuals' experience of eco-anxiety at t1 was positively and significantly related to individuals' engagement in pro-environmental behaviors at t2. This significant positive relationship was observed even when ecological identity, the Big Five domains of personality, and pro-environmental behaviors at t1 were controlled for. It thus appeared that compared with individuals with low levels of eco-anxiety at a given time, individuals with higher levels of eco-anxiety at a given time displayed a greater likelihood of experiencing increases in their subsequent engagement in pro-environmental behaviors. The results are discussed in light of current knowledge about the function of anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The main purpose of this paper is to look at the link between chief executive officer (CEO) behavior and corporate social responsibility (CSR) engagement with the moderating role of bank risk-taking behavior. Design/methodology/approach: Based on a 13-year data set (2007–2019), the authors applied the feasible generalized least squares with panel data to test the hypotheses. Findings: The findings reveal a positive and significant link between CEO behavior and CSR engagement. Based on these findings, it can be argued that the characteristics of the CEO of the banks would improve the CSR strategies. Furthermore, the study suggests a moderating effect of bank risk-taking in the link between psychological bias and corporate social responsibility engagement (CSR engagement). Practical implications: As CEO behavioral characteristics are essential to understanding CSR practice, boards of directors should consider the behavioral traits of dominant and overconfident CEOs while designing CSR practices. Social implications: If the bank behaves in a socially responsible manner, direct and indirect stakeholders may be able to evaluate the level of risk-taking in more detail. Originality/value: This research highlights the importance of CEO behavior characteristics for CSR, which is a crucial application that supports the upper echelons theory; and fills a gap in literature research. It is one of the few studies examining the interaction between risk-taking, CEO behavior and CSR engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Default nudges are an increasingly prominent tool for promoting healthy and sustainable food choices; however, questions of acceptance remain. While default nudges are more acceptable to the public than traditionally paternalistic tools that aim to restrict choice, they are also the least acceptable amongst nudging strategies. Little research has investigated the aspects of default nudge design that can be leveraged to better uphold freedom of choice, increase public acceptance, and therefore heighten legitimacy of default nudges. Consequently, this study examines public acceptance of five food choice default nudges with demonstrated precedent of effectiveness, as drawn from research studies and/or real-world policies, along with a design variation of each anticipated to increase acceptance. Three drivers of acceptance – perceived intrusiveness, perceived effectiveness, and own behavior – are examined. Methods: An online survey was administered in Germany (N = 451) to a sample representative of the adult population on quotas of age, gender and income. Acceptance and drivers were measured using seven-point Likert scales. Significant differences in median acceptance of the nudge were determined and displayed graphically. Ten proportional odds ordered logit models were applied and estimated using a maximum likelihood approach to investigate the mechanisms of nudge acceptance. Results: Examined changes in nudge design, particularly decreasing costliness of opting out and increasing transparency, increased the acceptance of three of the five nudges (N2.2: p = 0.000; N3.2: p = 0.000; N4.2: p = 0.008). Perceived intrusiveness emerged as the most prominent driver of acceptance (negative relationship), followed by perceived effectiveness (positive relationship). Own engagement in the target behavior of the nudge and socio-demographic variables demonstrated negligible impact on acceptance. Conclusions: Mitigating the costliness of opting out and improving nudge transparency emerge as key opportunities for choice architects to improve public acceptance, and thereby potentially identify 'sweet spots' in designing default nudges that are both effective and acceptable. The protection of individual freedom of choice and effectiveness are key aspects for choice architects to communicate to increase acceptance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While conspiracy theories have received extensive attention in the realm of misinformation, there has been limited research exploring the impact of conspiracy mentality on individuals' preventive behaviors during acute public health crises. This study investigates how conspiracy mentality may affect compliance with preventive health measures necessary to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, and the underlying emotional and cognitive mediators. Data was collected through a survey among 1878 Chinese respondents at the conclusion of the pandemic. The results indicate that individuals with higher levels of conspiracy mentality are significantly less engaged in preventive behaviors. Furthermore, this correlation is mediated by a sequence of mediating factors, starting from anger leading to institutional distrust and fear leading to perceived risk. Conspiracists' response mode can be described as a state of "attentive immobility," in which the impact of heightened institutional distrust outweighs their perceptions of risk, ultimately reducing engagement in preventive behaviors during crises. These findings underscore the importance of debunking initiatives that aim to address and mitigate the negative consequences of conspiracy mentality by targeting the mediating psychological processes during future pandemic threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify barriers to behavior therapy for adolescent ADHD (Supporting Teens' Autonomy Daily; STAND) and understand the relationship between barriers and treatment engagement. A mixed-method design with qualitative coding of 822 audio-recorded therapy sessions attended by 121 adolescents with ADHD (ages 11–16; 72.7% male, 77.7% Latinx, 7.4% African-American, 11.6% White, non-Latinx) and parents. Grounded theory methodology identified barriers articulated by parents and adolescents in session. Barriers were sorted by subtype (cognitive/attitudinal, behavioral, logistical) and subject (parent, teen, dyad). Frequency and variety of barriers were calculated by treatment phase (engagement, skills, planning). Generalized linear models and generalized estimating equations examined between-phase differences in frequency of each barrier and relationships between barriers frequency, subtype, subject, and phase on engagement (attendance and homework completion). Coding revealed twenty-five engagement barriers (ten cognitive/attitudinal, eleven behavioral, four logistical). Common barriers were: low adolescent desire (72.5%), parent failure to monitor skill application (69.4%), adolescent forgetfulness (60.3%), and adolescent belief that no change is needed (56.2%). Barriers were most commonly cognitive/attitudinal, teen-related, and occurring in STAND's planning phase. Poorer engagement was associated with cognitive/attitudinal, engagement phase, and dyadic barriers. Higher engagement in treatment was predicted by more frequent behavioral, logistical, parent, and skills/planning phase barriers. Baseline assessment of barriers may promote individualized engagement strategies for adolescent ADHD treatment. Cognitive/attitudinal barriers should be targeted at treatment outset using evidence-based engagement strategies (e.g., Motivational Interviewing). Behavioral and logistical barriers should be addressed when planning and reviewing application of skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that risk beliefs predict engagement in behaviors to prevent disease, it is important to understand the factors associated with risk beliefs. In the present paper, we conducted path analyses to investigate the associations of belief systems (political orientation and cultural worldviews of individualism and hierarchy) with COVID‐19 risk beliefs (i.e., perceived likelihood, perceived severity, and worry about disease; Studies 1 and 2), and the indirect effect through trust in information sources in these relationships (Study 1). Two online panels of U.S. adults were surveyed at three timepoints during the COVID‐19 pandemic (Study 1: baseline n = 1,667, 1‐year follow‐up n = 551; Study 2: n = 404). Results of path analyses indicated that, across studies and timepoints, when controlling for political orientation, trust, and demographic factors, greater individualism had consistent significant direct effects on lower perceived severity and worry about COVID‐19, whereas greater hierarchy had consistent significant direct effects on lower perceived severity. However, after accounting for cultural worldviews of individualism and hierarchy (and trust and demographic factors), none of the associations among political orientation and any of the three COVID‐19 risk beliefs were significant. The test of indirect effects indicated that individualism and hierarchy were indirectly associated with lower perceived severity of and worry about COVID‐19 through less trust. The findings suggest that cultural worldviews of individualism and hierarchy play a role in shaping people's risk beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last decade has seen growing interest across human geography in the concept of the unconscious as a key terrain for thinking social life. At the same time, an increasing number of geographers are exploring theorisations of the unconscious that push beyond the subject-predicate tendencies of much psychoanalytic thinking, addressing material and non-representational forces that exceed the confines of a human-centred understanding. This paper extends this work through an engagement with the philosophy of Gilbert Simondon, highlighting three key implications for geographical understandings of the unconscious. First, how it inverts the traditional emphasis on already-constituted psychic individuals to processes of psychic individuation that modulate the emergence and becoming of subjects. Second, how it shifts beyond the psychoanalytical fixation on negativity and repression through an understanding of the transductive potential of unconscious forces to create new forms of life. And third, how it opens a new way of articulating the relation of the psychic and collective as a relation of individuations that he terms the transindividual. Empirically, the paper turns to the subterranean landscape of dreams and desires in the novels of Haruki Murakami, exploring how literary encounters might open a space for thinking the transductive forces of the transindividual unconscious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Findings: The current study examined whether collective small-group behavioral engagement and teacher behavior management during small-group instruction predicted print knowledge, phonological awareness, letter writing, and expressive vocabulary gains for preschoolers at-risk for literacy difficulties. This study, part of a larger project, included 23 teachers delivering a small-group literacy intervention to 75 preschool children identified as at-risk for literacy difficulties. Hierarchical linear modeling results revealed that collective small-group behavioral engagement was predictive of child expressive vocabulary gains (d = 0.13), but teacher behavior management was not a significant predictor. Practice or Policy: The results demonstrate that high levels of collective small-group behavioral engagement during small-group literacy instruction contributed small positive effects to preschoolers' expressive vocabulary skills. As many small-group interventions are intended for children at-risk for literacy difficulties, these results are promising because preschool children at-risk for literacy difficulties appear to benefit from the intervention when collective small-group behavioral engagement is high. Including activities that prompt strong child engagement may be a critical factor in realizing the full potential of small-group literacy instruction in young children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this technological era, businesses tend to place advertisements via the medium of Wi-Fi advertising to expose their brands and products to the public. Wi-Fi advertising offers a platform for businesses to leverage their marketing strategies to achieve desired goals, provided they have a thorough understanding of their audience's behaviors. This paper aims to formulate a new RFI (recency, frequency, and interest) model that is able to analyze the behavior of the audience towards the advertisement. The audience's interest is measured based on the relationship between their total view duration on an advertisement and its corresponding overall click received. With the help of a clustering algorithm to perform the dynamic segmentation, the patterns of the audience behaviors are then being interpreted by segmenting the audience based on their engagement behaviors. In the experiments, two different Wi-Fi advertising attributes are tested to prove the new RFI model is applicable to effectively interpret the audience engagement behaviors with the proposed dynamic characteristics range table. The weak and strongly engaged behavioral characteristics of the segmented behavioral patterns of the audience, such as in a one-time audience, are interpreted successfully with the dynamic-characteristics range table. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some cultural products (e.g. books and movies) catch on and become popular, while others fail. Why? While some have argued that success is unpredictable, we suggest that period-to-period shifts in sentiment—what we term sentiment volatility—enhance engagement. Automated sentiment analysis of over 4,000 movies demonstrates that more volatile movies are evaluated more positively. Consistent with the notion that sentiment volatility makes experiences more stimulating, the effect is stronger in genres where evaluations are more likely to be driven stimulation (i.e. thrillers rather than romance). Further, analysis of over 30,000 online articles demonstrate that people are more likely to continue reading more volatile articles. By manipulating sentiment volatility in follow-up experiments, we underscore its causal impact on evaluations, and provide evidence for the role of stimulation in these effects. Taken together, the results shed light on what drives engagement, the time dynamics of sentiment, and cultural analytics or why some cultural items are more successful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumers frequently engage in experiences (e.g., listening to music) in the presence of delicious food. Ten studies show that the presence (vs. absence) of such food decreases the enjoyment of a concurrent (target) experience across a wide array of consumption activities, such as listening to music, evaluating pictures, and coloring. The presence (vs. absence) of food prompts mental imagery of consuming that food, which decreases engagement with the target experience, resulting in lower enjoyment. Consistent with prior work on mental imagery, the effect occurs only for food that is considered tasty; when a food's functional benefits are highlighted, the effect disappears. In addition, the effect can be triggered in the absence of food when participants are explicitly instructed to engage in mental imagery. The authors demonstrate the role of engagement by showing that the valence of the target experience moderates this effect, such that the presence of food decreases enjoyment of positive experiences but increases enjoyment of negative experiences. This work contributes to previous research on mental imagery and delayed consumption by highlighting the need to focus on how the presence of food affects concurrent experiences and provides important managerial insights given the proliferation of tasty food to enhance customer experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unhealthy diets are a major impediment to achieving a healthier population in the United States. Although there is a relatively clear sense of what constitutes a healthy diet, most of the US population does not eat healthy food at rates consistent with the recommended clinical guidelines. An abundance of barriers, including food and nutrition insecurity, how food is marketed and advertised, access to and affordability of healthy foods, and behavioral challenges such as a focus on immediate versus delayed gratification, stand in the way of healthier dietary patterns for many Americans. Food Is Medicine may be defined as the provision of healthy food resources to prevent, manage, or treat specific clinical conditions in coordination with the health care sector. Although the field has promise, relatively few studies have been conducted with designs that provide strong evidence of associations between Food Is Medicine interventions and health outcomes or health costs. Much work needs to be done to create a stronger body of evidence that convincingly demonstrates the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different types of Food Is Medicine interventions. An estimated 90% of the $4.3 trillion annual cost of health care in the United States is spent on medical care for chronic disease. For many of these diseases, diet is a major risk factor, so even modest improvements in diet could have a significant impact. This presidential advisory offers an overview of the state of the field of Food Is Medicine and a road map for a new research initiative that strategically approaches the outstanding questions in the field while prioritizing a human-centered design approach to achieve high rates of patient engagement and sustained behavior change. This will ideally happen in the context of broader efforts to use a health equity-centered approach to enhance the ways in which our food system and related policies support improvements in health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study explores the relationship between perceived school climate and exercise behavior among obese adolescents, as well as the multiple mediating effects of perseverance qualities and exercise benefits. Methods: A survey was conducted on 586 obese adolescents in Beijing, with an age range of 13-18 years old and an average age of 15.40 ± 1.824, among who 337 were male, 249 were female, 303 were high school students and 238 were middle school students. A standard scale was used to evaluate perceived school climate, exercise benefits, perseverance qualities, and exercise behaviors. The data was analyzed by independent samples t-test, bivariate correlation analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, and structural equation model (SEM). Results: (1) Perceived school climate among obese adolescents positively predicted exercise behavior (Z = 2.870, p < 0.01), perseverance qualities (Z = 3.107, p < 0.01) and exercise benefits (Z = 4.290, p < 0.001); perseverance qualities positively predicted exercise behavior in obese adolescents (Z = 4.431, p < 0.001); exercise benefits positively predicted the obese adolescents' exercise behavior (Z = 4.267, p < 0.001). (2) Perseverance qualities (Z = 2.282, 95% CI [0.032, 0.191], [0.028, 0.179]) and exercise benefits (Z = 2.518, 95% CI [0.060, 0.287], [0.053, 0.271]) play a mediating role in the obese adolescents' perceived school climate and exercise behavior, respectively. These two factors have parallel multiple mediating effects between obese adolescents' perceived school climate and exercise behavior, with mediating effects accounting for 16 and 25%, respectively. The mediating effect of exercise benefits is greater than that of perseverance qualities. (3) There is no difference in the specific indirect effects of perseverance qualities and exercise benefits (Z = -0.800, 95% CI [- 0.198, 0.064], [-0.190, 0.068]). Conclusion: Obese adolescents' perception of school climate can effectively enhance their motivation to participate in exercise behavior and indirectly influence exercise behavior through exercise benefits and perseverance qualities, cultivate good physical exercise behavior among obese adolescents, and effectively prevent and intervene in the occurrence of obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to present a set of empirically derived effect size distributions in order to provide field-based benchmarks for assessing the relative effects of interventions aimed at reducing challenging behavior or increasing engagement for young children with and without disabilities. We synthesized 192 single-case designs that represented data from 162 individuals and nine groups of individuals (e.g., classes) in 53 reports. We generated distributions of standardized mean difference and log-response ratio using 197 effect sizes for engagement and 146 effect sizes for challenging behavior. We examined benchmarks as a function of publication, disability, dependent variable (primary/secondary), and functional relation status and reported distributions separately by engagement and challenging behavior. Overall, the effect size distributions suggest considerable variability in the magnitude of change associated with school-based interventions for engagement and challenging behavior assessed in the context of single-case designs. Data suggest that expected magnitude of change for engagement and challenging behavior interventions may be difficult to predict and that study and effect size characteristics influence the variability of the distributions. Our results have direct implications for researchers relative to assessing the efficacy of interventions aimed at reducing challenging behavior or increasing engagement in young children with and without disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disability is conceptualized using one of two major frameworks: the medical and the social model of disability. The medical model of disability describes disability as an individual issue in which the appropriate intervention is to remove the disability. The social model of disability describes disability as a social construction in which the appropriate intervention is societal change to increase accessibility. This study drew on models of disability to understand predictors of engagement in COVID‐precautionary behavior prior to the vaccine to protect people with disabilities (PWD) from contracting COVID‐19. Participants (n = 720) with and without disabilities (n = 77 and n = 633, respectively) completed an online questionnaire measuring disability beliefs, attitudes toward PWD, concerns about PWD contracting COVID‐19, and engagement in behavior protecting PWD from contracting COVID‐19. Medical model beliefs were negatively associated with behavior. In addition, negative attitudes toward PWD and low concern about PWD contracting COVID‐19 fully accounted for the relationship. Social model beliefs were positively associated with behavior. In addition, positive attitudes toward PWD and greater concern about PWD contracting COVID‐19 partially explained the relationship. These findings suggest that framing disability as a social construction rather than a medical issue could promote greater public health behavior to protect PWD from contracting COVID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with attention problems often exhibit more off-task behaviors and less engagement in classroom settings, and exercising has demonstrated positive effects in decreasing disruptive behaviors and increasing on-task behaviors. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of physical activity on academic engaged time for individuals with attention problems in a classroom setting. Results indicate that the average percentage of on-task behaviors were higher on days of exercise compared to days without exercise, though visual inspection of the data suggests physical activity has no effect on on-task behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the author's personal experience as a revolutionary during the late 1960s and early 1970s, reflecting on the radical political climate and their involvement in activism. Topics include the author's participation in protests at the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago, encounters with law enforcement, and the occupation of Harvard University's University Hall as part of an anti-ROTC campaign.

This article works outward from John Dewey's proposals in the 1920s for a reconstruction in philosophy and considers this proposal in direct relation to recent advancements in design research practice. First, it explores the current level of design philosophy engagement and looks to Dewey's original reconstruction-in-philosophy proposals. Second, it examines the potential of positioning the methodological approach of research through design as a means by which a new design philosophy horizon may be traced. What is required, we propose, is the emergence of "designer philosophers"—those who design in relation to and with respect for philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we provide guidance for educational psychologists who want to advance equity-focused school policies and practices through engaged scholarship. We conceptualize a philosophy of engagement and describe how it can facilitate psychologists' efforts to address the social conditions of people from historically marginalized communities. Using our own philosophy of engagement as a case in point (which we refer to as communally engaged educational psychology), we share stories that showcase opportunities for roles that scholars can play in supporting education decision-makers and community members. Specifically, we illustrate that communal engagement involves building a tribe; identifying pockets of affirmation; establishing communal incubators; and leveraging existing networks to disseminate stories emerging from partnership activities. We then offer a roadmap for putting communal engagement into action by remixing Anderman's (2011) ten challenges for educational psychologists. We conclude with a discussion of the tensions and difficulties scholars may need to navigate when enacting a philosophy of engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article highlights the factors that shape the public's early engagement with preventative health policies in the United States and in France. Our analysis explores the role that ideology and cultural worldviews play in shaping individuals' engagement with COVID‐19 early preventative measures such as mask wearing, stay‐at‐home orders, and vaccine intentions. We find that conservative ideology has an indirect effect on engagement in preventative behaviors through conspiracy theory beliefs in both countries. In addition, building on literature that links cultural worldviews and a wide array of public policies (vaccination campaigns, environmental measures), we find that individuals who have more individualistic and hierarchic worldviews are also less likely to engage in preventative behaviors or plan to get vaccinated. Understanding the public response to early preventative measures is essential to preparing for future health crises, as long‐term health responses such as vaccinations may take months or years to be deployed. Related Articles: Richey, Sean. 2017. "A Birther and a Truther: The Influence of the Authoritarian Personality on Conspiracy Beliefs." Politics & Policy 45(3): 465–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12206. Tyner, Katie, and Farida Jalalzai. 2022. "Women Prime Ministers and COVID‐19: Within‐Case Examinations of New Zealand and Iceland." Politics & Policy 50(6): 1076–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12511. Vince, Joanna. 2022. "A Creeping Crisis When an Urgent Crisis Arises: The Reprioritization of Plastic Pollution Issues during COVID‐19." Politics & Policy 51(1): 26–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12512. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Segmentation analysis and logistic regression were used to test the probabilistic connection between exposure to high-risk situations and victimization events, as posited by Lifestyle-exposure theory, in a sample of homeless people. The results support the hypothesis put forward. First, those who had engaged in risky behaviors had suffered victimization events to a greater extent. Second, this was particularly true for participants who had done so more frequently or had engaged in a wider range of such behaviors. The highest risk profile included those who had been arrested on several occasions and also reported having used drugs during the previous month or, otherwise, had served a sentence different from prison in the past. Implications of these findings are discussed considering that homeless people's engagement in risky behaviors, as well as, in general, their greater degree of exposure to situations in which risk of victimization is high, often stem from the situation they are going through. A major conclusion is that any effort to eradicate violence against homeless people should contemplate strategies for combating homelessness itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Novel technologies such as tokenization have the potential to disrupt value co-creation in sport marketing. Tokenization in particular has generated a hype in sport marketing by facilitating engagement behavior. However, it remains unclear to what extent tokenization can serve as an engagement platform to enable new and innovative interactions between sport organizations and its network of actors. Design/methodology/approach: The study investigated a tokenized governance platform of a professional sport club as engagement platform by means of a case study applying a multi-method approach combining document analyses and semi-structured interviews with sport management, sport club fans and blockchain experts. Findings: Governance tokens indeed foster fan engagement by including fans in decision-making processes. The engagement platform is meant to enable two-way communication between fans and professional sport clubs. However, benefits could be overrated, and fans describe concerns about increasing commercialization due to the application of governance tokens. Thus, opportunities must be balanced out to foster engagement of sport club fans. Originality/value: The findings contribute to extending the phenomenon of tokenization as a financing model and engagement platform in sport marketing. The results show how tokenized governance platforms can be applied in sport marketing and how they contribute to value co-creation in the digital world of sport clubs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the Covid-19 crisis, several countries began to focus on the development of creative industries as an option for economic recovery. Nevertheless, the creative resources available to develop this industry are still relatively insufficient because they can only be generated by human resources who have innovative behavior. This study aims to analyze how authentic leadership can increase innovative behavior through work engagement. Data was collected from surveys and interviews which involved 146 creative industry employees. Descriptive analysis techniques were used to determine respondents' perceptions of research variables. Hypothesis testing was carried out using SEMAMOS. The results of the study demonstrated that authentic leadership did not impact on innovative behavior but on work engagement and fully mediated this influence. Furthermore, work engagement had a significant effect on innovative behavior. This study provides an in-depth review of the relationship between variables through the emphasis on the important role of work engagement to enhance innovative behavior. This research also enriched LMX Theory and Social Exchange Theory in the organizational context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) are involved in the regulation of defensive behavior under threat, but their engagement in flexible behavior shifts remains unclear. Here, we report the oscillatory activities of mPFC-BLA circuit in reaction to a naturalistic threat, created by a predatory robot in mice. Specifically, we found dynamic frequency tuning among two different theta rhythms (~5 or ~10 Hz) was accompanied by agile changes of two different defensive behaviors (freeze-or-flight). By analyzing flight trajectories, we also found that high beta (~30 Hz) is engaged in the top-down process for goal-directed flights and accompanied by a reduction in fast gamma (60 to 120 Hz, peak near 70 Hz). The elevated beta nested the fast gamma activity by its phase more strongly. Our results suggest that the mPFC-BLA circuit has a potential role in oscillatory gear shifting allowing flexible information routing for behavior switches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Journal of Religious Ethics (JRE) was established at a particular moment in the United States in the early 1970s. This article investigates how that moment—in the institutional milieu of academic theology and religious studies in which the (JRE) emerged—influenced its founding. It does this through attention to three main sources: (1) the original charter and bylaws of the JRE, (2) publications from the JRE and other scholarly outlets in the period, and (3) a collection of interviews with scholars who occupied editorial roles in the first 10 years of the life of the journal. The article suggests that the JRE's early period was driven by three key forces: the emergence of Christian ethics as a field of academic theology, deepening engagement with academic philosophy among students of Christian ethics, and growing attention to the pedagogical requirements of increasingly pluralist tertiary educational environments. In conclusion, I describe my own place in this history, asking how the dynamics around the founding of the JRE shape my participation in the practice enacted in its pages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neither Margaret Cavendish nor Lucy Hutchinson was ever an atomist or believed that atomic matter made up the universe, and this essay argues that we need to re-narrate the way we describe the development of Cavendish's natural philosophy, as Cavendish is neither espousing atomism nor engaging with Lucretius in the atomic poetry that appears in her first publication. Nevertheless, both Hutchinson and Cavendish engage with atomism in their poetry. These two poets turn to atomism not because they hold atomic philosophical beliefs, but because atomism helps them to ask questions about what and how it is possible to know, including—for Cavendish as well as Hutchinson—in the realm of theology. Their poetic engagements with atomic philosophy allow each of them to carve out space for epistemologies beyond empiricism. [L.B.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to examine the effect of paternalistic leadership on work engagement in a sample of hospital workers. The study is conducted with 152 employees working in a state hospital in the Central Anatolia Region. The data in the study are collected through a questionnaire. The data collection process is carried out in March-August 2022. SPSS and RStudio programs are used in the analysis of the data. The collected data are analyzed using descriptive statistics, validity and reliability analysis, factor analysis, and partial least squares structural equation modeling. According to the results of the structural equation model of the study, it is determined that paternalistic leadership has a positive effect on cognitive, emotional, and physical engagement. It is also determined that the highest path coefficient is between paternalistic leadership and physical engagement. This research emphasizes the role of paternalistic leadership in organizations that want to develop work engagement behaviors in their employees. In this context, it can be stated that the paternalistic leadership characteristics of health institution managers would increase hospital workers' emotional and cognitive engagement, especially their physical engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study expounds a strategic framework of omnichannel integration to enhance the customer experience in the inner circle of loyalty loop. Depending upon the multiple topics of omnichannel marketing, customer engagement, and loyalty loop, the research model was built on managerial factors of channel and customer characteristics and their influences on customer engagement behaviors in the transitional stage of omnichannel marketing. Analysis results found that web usability and customer characteristics (share of store visits, social media use, and email receptivity) are associated with customer engagement behaviors. Customers' email receptivity moderates the impact of channel characteristics (web usability and store proximity). This study asserts that certain interactive touchpoints for receptive customers can build up a loyalty loop, indicating the need for a catalyst channel bridging the inner and outer circles of the loyalty loop. By directly and indirectly reinforcing customer engagement behaviors, permission-based email can solidify customers' presence in the inner circle of the loyalty loop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Note 1 Matija Mato Skerbi'c,»Bioethics of Sport and Its Place in the Philosophy of Sport«, I Synthesis philosophica i , 34 (2019), 2, 379-394. From the institutional inauguration of the discipline in 1972, philosophy of sport tends to expand, spreading itself around the world from one country to another, and including new philosophical inspirations. Therefore, the next three chapters discuss the ethics of sport, normative theories of sport, and the bioethics of sport. [Extracted from the article]

Precarious employment arrangements are increasingly common for knowledge workers, which challenges the construction of traditional work identifications. As transient work crosses both organizational and professional boundaries, individuals may seek stability in their self-definitions by identifying with core, repeated elements of the temporary relationships that they form again and again in their work lives—a notion we capture in proposing the concept of "professional network identification" (PNI). Developing the concept of PNI, we describe how it establishes coherence in self-conception in an environment of weakening traditional identifications. Relative to traditional forms of work identification, PNI leads individuals to engage with and disengage from relationships more swiftly, to prefer transient over more stable work relationships, and to be less constrained by the norms, values, and interests of a specific organization, profession, or relationship at work. This benefits individuals and organizations by facilitating productive outcomes in transient knowledge work, including proactive behavior and creativity. Because it reflects a fundamental untethering of individuals and organizations, PNI may also motivate individual behaviors that may be difficult for employers to anticipate or understand, particularly where it concerns the management of knowledge resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]