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Background and Study Aims: Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with 2-[18F]FDG (FDG) has been increasingly used to detect or monitor neoplasms. Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is one of the most common sites of FDG uptake, leading to increasing requests for endoscopic examinations. We aimed to evaluate the nature and significance of unexpected PET/CT-FDG findings in the GIT. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 371 consecutive patients with incidental GIT findings on PET/CT-FDG between June 2016 and October 2021 who were subsequently referred to endoscopic examinations. Demographic data, PET/CT-FDG results, endoscopic findings, and histological analysis were analyzed. Results: Of 194 colonic incidental uptakes, 102 (52.6%) corresponded to at least premalignant lesions, being 57 (29.4%) advanced adenomas and 23 (11.9%) adenocarcinomas. Of 193 upper GIT incidental uptakes, there were 11 (13.8%) esophageal and 14 (14.4%) gastric malignant/premalignant lesions. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) significantly varied according to the nature of the lesion, being higher in malignant lesions (in the esophagus, stomach, and colon). However, an optimal SUVmax cutoff was only found for stomach (SUVmax 8.2; sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 76%). There was a significant association between the site of uptake and the nature of the lesion – left colon and gastric body uptake were associated with neoplastic origin whereas rectum and lower esophagus were associated with inflammatory or no endoscopic changes. Conclusions: Any incidental uptake in the lower GIT should be investigated provided that patients are suitable for further treatment. However, in the upper GIT the characteristics of uptake on 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT may allow to select those who need endoscopic examination.

Fasciolosis (liver fluke disease) is a zoonosis of significant public health relevance, caused by parasites of the genus Fasciola, specifically of the species Fasciola hepatica, a helminth of the class Trematoda, which exhibits a lanceolate morphology and is involved in the zoonotic cycle through contamination of bodies of water and aquatic vegetation, including watercress, by means of metacercariae, its infective form. Their biological cycle includes a migration phase from the host's intestine to the liver, where they mature and settle in the bile ducts, causing pathological changes such as direct hepatic lesions, bile duct obstruction and a systemic inflammatory response. Clinically, these events manifest through predominantly hepatic and gastrointestinal symptoms secondary to hepatic involvement, which can escalate to severe complications such as cirrhosis and hepatic abscesses in the absence of early diagnosis and adequate treatment. We present the case of a 54-year-old female patient who was admitted to the emergency room with a condition characterized by headache, vomiting, cough, palpitations and dyspnea on exertion. The initial diagnostic evaluation, guided by the ultrasound presentation of choledocholithiasis, led to an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) that revealed the presence of a single papilla. This finding, along with the described symptoms, facilitated the diagnosis of hepatic fasciolosis caused by Fasciola hepatica, which was later removed. Likewise, it underscores the importance of including this parasitosis as a differential diagnosis for hepatic and gastrointestinal diseases, particularly in compatible epidemiological contexts or a history of exposure to contaminated freshwater sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A foreign body is defined as any object coming from outside, foreign to the human body. In dentistry, cases of accidental aspiration or ingestion of orthodontic appliances or fragments, as well as instruments used during dental practice, have been described. If a sharp object pierces the esophagus, the consequences can be serious. Food and other esophageal contents can enter the chest cavity (mediastinum) and cause a life-threatening inflammation (mediastinitis). Sharp objects can also cause perforation of the stomach, intestines, colon or rectum. The perforation allows food, digestive juices, or intestinal contents, to leak into the abdomen. This leak is a medical emergency, as it can cause peritonitis (inflammation of the abdominal cavity) with fatal consequences. It passes more frequently into the digestive tract than into the respiratory tract. The biggest problems occur at the level of the esophagus and stomach. Abdominal radiographic studies are the initial approach and are very useful in determining the location of ingested foreign bodies, in addition to fiber ingestion for i ntestinal motility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Reddito is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: International societies recommend microbiological surveillance of endoscopes to reduce the incidence of endoscope-associated infections, particularly for duodenoscopes. However, surveillance protocols are not internationally standardized, both regarding sample collection, processing, and culture. This study aims to provide a framework protocol encompassing the experience of a tertiary large volume endoscopy center and the microbiology laboratory for collecting and culturing of endoscope samples for microbiological surveillance. Methods: A sample collection and processing protocol was designed as a result of a cooperation between the Endoscopy Center of the Gastroenterology Department and the Microbiology Laboratory of the Department of Clinical Pathology. This protocol reflects international recommendations in this topic and the human and technological resources of the involved departments. Results: The established protocol for collecting samples varies according to the type and model of endoscope. The specimens are collected as sterile saline liquid samples, as well as swabs (with and without transport media). Together with the collection of samples from the endoscope, samples from the final rinse water as well as the water bottle are also collected. For duodenoscopes and curvilinear echoendoscopes, we perform microbiological surveillance every 3 months; for gastroscopes and colonoscopes, at least, once a year; and for specific endoscopes, such as the pediatric or dual-channel therapeutic endoscopes, enteroscopes, or radial echoendoscopes, every 6 months. Conclusion: Endoscopy units should have detailed protocols for microbiological surveillance of endoscopes. These protocols should be drawn up by a multidisciplinary team that includes endoscopy nurses, gastroenterologists, microbiologists, and the antimicrobial stewardship team, following international recommendations, adapted to each institution resources.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The ingestion of foreign bodies is common in small animals, especially in puppies. These objects can cause obstruction in the digestive system, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain. Detecting and resolving the problem typically requires surgery or endoscopy. This study aims to describe the resolution of two cases of gastrointestinal obstruction in female puppy dogs through enterotomy and endoscopy. Both cases were successfully resolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú is the property of Sociedad de Gastroenterologia del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introdução: A sífilis é uma doença sexualmente transmissível identificada como um problema de saúde mundial. Seu acometimento gástrico, esofágico e/ou intestinal acontece em cerca de 1% dos casos. As descrições das lesões por via endoscópica e biópsias no histopatológico se assemelham com outras doenças mais prevalentes, como, por exemplo, os tumores infiltrativos da mucosa, linfomas relacionados a infecção do Helicobacter pylori, doença de Chron e adenocarcinomas. Objetivo: Relatar o caso de um paciente masculino adulto com exames de imagem mimetizando neoplasia gástrica, sendo, na verdade, lesões suspeitas de sífilis, sua resolução e conduta. Relato de caso: Homem de 39 anos buscou atendimento por conta de forte epigastralgia relacionada a período pós-prandial e a jejum prolongado, sem melhora com medicação. Relatou perda ponderal e episódios de vômitos com cor escura. Ao exame físico, dor à palpação profunda em região epigástrica sem massas palpáveis e peristalse presente. Foi feita endoscopia, cujo laudo apontou gastrite endoscópica com erosões planas acentuada no antro, com mucosa erodida, cruenta, intensamente friável, e feita biópsia da mucosa, com laudo do histopatológico resultando em grande infiltrado de plasmócitos, sendo pedido VDRL/FTA-Abs por conta da prevalência de diagnósticos diferenciais. O paciente foi diagnosticado com sífilis, e foi feito tratamento com penicilina benzatina 2.400.000UI IM três doses, uma a cada sete dias, num total de 7.200.000UI, retornando em seis meses para reavaliação. Conclusão: Apesar de se tratar de um acometimento raro da doença, deve-se sempre estar atento aos possíveis diagnósticos diferenciais a fim de se evitar intervenções cirúrgicas e procedimentos desnecessários.

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Compagnia is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and objective. The anatomy and release of the mandibular osseocutaneous ligament under direct visualization using the endoscope is defined as a surgical strategy in facial rejuvenation surgery. Methods. Ten endoscopic series are presented for the localization, identification, and anatomical characterization of the mandibular osseocutaneous ligament, as well as its release in patients undergoing deep-plane facelifts. An easy and safe maneuver for locating this ligament is described, as well as its precise anatomical characterization using the endoscope for possible modifications in deep-plane surgery. Results. The ligament is located through the inferior masseteric space with the endoscope, after passing through the platysma and achieving visualization of the depressor anguli oris (DAO) with its origin on the mandibular border and crisscrossing medial fibers of the platysma and insertion into the modiolus. In the anterosuperior recess of the DAO, the ligament can be found and defined, as well as precisely released. Conclusions. Our methodology provides a level of certainty and safety to deep-plane and extended SMAS techniques, and becoming a surgically easy-to-perform tool when the surgeon intends to modify the osseocutaneus mandibular ligament in deep-plane surgeries and when we want to limit skin dissection to improve vascular safety of the skin flap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Achalasia is a low-incidence disease, but it significantly affects the life quality of patients. Before 2010, peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) was the preferred course of treatment. However, due to its effectiveness and safety, POEM has been widely used since then. Objective: To describe the results of the largest cohort of patients with achalasia-treated with endoscopic surgery-with the poem technique to date in Colombia. Methods: Observational cohort study that included patients treated with peroral endoscopic myotomy in the city of Bogota, Colombia, between 2018 and 2022. Information from medical records was collected and analyzed retrospectively, with subsequent telephone follow-up prospectively. The presurgical and follow-up Eckardt scale was used to establish clinical success. Results: Between 2018 and 2022, 31 patients were intervened, 61% of which were men. The mean age was 47 years. Technical and clinical success was obtained in 97% of cases, with an Eckardt score less than or equal to three, in 93%, at two months of follow-up. Forty-five percent of the procedures were outpatient. The complication rate was 10%. Conclusion: Our study shows that peroral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia management is an effective, low complication rate, and safe technique to perform on an outpatient basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú is the property of Sociedad de Gastroenterologia del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú is the property of Sociedad de Gastroenterologia del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú is the property of Sociedad de Gastroenterologia del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Las hernias de disco extraforaminales en el espacio L5-S1 suelen ser difíciles de tratar por su complicado acceso y el riesgo de lesión nerviosa. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con discopatía en L5-S1 izquierda que fue tratado mediante discectomía endoscópica por abordaje símil Wiltse transfacetario. Este tipo de abordaje permite el acceso seguro a las hernias extraforaminales en el espacio L5-S1 evitando la manipulación e irritación de la raíz de L5.

Introduction and aims: Currently there is no ideal diagnostic/therapeutic approach for patients with suspected choledocholithiasis. The primary aim of our study was to evaluate the performance of the criteria for predicting choledocholithiasis proposed by the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) in 2019. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted that included 352 patients seen at a secondary care public healthcare institution in Monterrey, Nuevo León, that treats an open population and does not have endoscopic ultrasound or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography at its disposal. Results: The most frequent predictor presented by the patients was abnormal liver function tests (90.63%), and with their use alone, sensitivity was higher than that of all the predictors analyzed (91.41%). In addition, the finding of common bile duct stones on ultrasound imaging was the only predictor independently associated with the confirmatory diagnosis of choledocholithiasis. Regarding the general performance of the 2019 criteria, the high-risk category had 68.75% sensitivity, 52.08% specificity, a positive predictive value of 79.28%, a negative predictive value of 38.46%, diagnostic accuracy of 64.20%, and a confirmatory diagnosis of choledocholithiasis in 79.28% of the patients of that risk category. Conclusions: The study corroborated that the presence of choledocholithiasis could be predicted using the choledocholithiasis predictors and risk categories proposed by the ASGE, with acceptable accuracy, in accordance with the standards suggested by those same guidelines. Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: Actualmente no existe un enfoque óptimo, diagnóstico/terapéutico, para los pacientes con sospecha de coledocolitiasis. El objetivo principal del estudio fue evaluar el rendimiento de los criterios propuestos por la Sociedad Americana de Endoscopía Gastrointestinal (ASGE, por sus siglas en inglés) en el año 2019 para la predicción de coledocolitiasis. Material y métodos: Cohorte retrospectiva de 352 pacientes de una institución pública de segundo nivel que atiende a población abierta en Monterrey, Nuevo León; la cual no cuenta con ultrasonido endoscópico o colangiorresonancia magnética. Resultados: Se evidenció que el predictor más frecuentemente presentado por los pacientes fue la alteración en las PFH (90.63%). Por sí solo, su sensibilidad fue la mayor entre todos los predictores analizados en este estudio (91.41%). Por otro lado, el hallazgo de litiasis en el colédoco por ultrasonido fue el único predictor que se asoció de forma independiente con el diagnóstico confirmatorio de coledocolitiasis. En cuanto al rendimiento general de los criterios del año 2019, la categoría de riesgo alto tuvo una sensibilidad del 68.75% y una especificidad del 52.08%; un valor predictivo positivo del 79.28% y un valor predictivo negativo del 38.46%; y una exactitud diagnóstica del 64.20%; se corroboró el diagnóstico de coledocolitiasis en el 79.28% de los pacientes de esta categoría de riesgo. Conclusiones: Se logró corroborar que los predictores de coledocolitiasis y las categorías de riesgo propuestas por la ASGE, permiten predecir la presencia de coledocolitiasis con aceptable precisión, acorde con los estándares sugeridos por la misma guía.

El sangrado gastrointestinal superior masivo por ruptura de varices esófago-gástricas, es la principal complicación de la hipertensión portal y representa una causa frecuente de muerte o transplante de hígado en pacientes con cirrosis. La formación de várices es una complicación casi segura en cirrosis hepática. Ya desde el momento del diagnostico, las várices están presentes en el 40% de los pacientes compensados asintomáticos. Esta incidencia se incrementa hasta el 90% de pacientes con seguimiento a largo plazo. El sangrado por várices es el último paso en una cadena de eventos que es iniciada por el incremento de la presión portal, seguido del crecimiento y desarrollo de las varices y éstas finalmente sangran. En la Unidad de Hemorragia Digestiva del Hospital Rebagliati, de 8 365 pacientes admitidos por episodio agudo, el 18% fueron por ruptura de várices esofágicas. Las opciones terapéuticas para detener un sangrado por varices se dividen en medidas generales y específicas. La terapia farmacológica esta dirigida para reducir la resistencia intrahepática incrementada, asi como el flujo sanguíneo. La terlipresina ha demostrado efectos con resultrado.similares a los obtenidos por métodos endoscopicos, al igual que la somatostatina y su análogo sintético el octreotide. El uso de la sonda de Sengstaken-Blackmore es útil aun en el presente siglo, especialmente en medios que no cuentan con especialistas ni centros endoscópicos. La escleroterapia de las várices esófago-gástricas (EVE) que la realizamos desde 1982, sigue siendo en nuestro medio la terapia endoscópica de primera línea (96% cesan el sangrado) y la prevención de la recurrencia (10%). La endoligadura de várices esofágicas (ELVE) es también el método de elección para detener el sangrado por várices, con menos complicaciones que la escleroterapia. Finalmente el éxito en el tratamiento del sangrado por várices dependerá de la disponibilidad de un equipo medicoquirúrgico que tome decisiones en situaciones de alerta roja.

La hemorragia digestiva es una emergencia médica que se caracteriza por presentarse de formas clínicas diversas, variando la etiología y la severidad del cuadro clínico. Los requerimientos propios de las unidades de endoscopía y de los de apoyo, como una unidad de cuidados intensivos y banco de sangre, tambien varian de acuerdo a la complejidad de la situaciones clínicas. En este artículo señalamos las diversas situaciones clínicas y lo correlacionamos con el nivel de atención.

Antecedentes y objetivos: las tasas de cáncer gástrico (CG) o cáncer colorrectal (CCR) posendoscopia (CGPE) o poscolonoscopia (CCRPC) (de intervalo) han sido poco estudiadas en nuestro medio. Los datos de estudios en el exterior informaron tasas de CGPE y CCRPC de 7%-26%. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar y comparar las tasas y características del CGPE y CCRPC locales. Pacientes y métodos: con datos de tres centros oncológicos de cuarto nivel se identificaron, de forma ambispectiva, pacientes diagnosticados con CG y CCR entre 2012 y 2021, en quienes se investigó el antecedente de endoscopias o colonoscopias en los tres años previos. Los cánceres diagnosticados entre 6 y 36 meses después de un estudio endoscópico reportado como normal se definieron como cánceres de intervalo. En este estudio se comparan las características clínicas, endoscópicas y de sobrevida entre ambas cohortes de cánceres posendoscopia y poscolonoscopia. Resultados: de 828 pacientes diagnosticados con CG, 66 tuvieron CGPE (tasa: 7,3%), mientras que en 919 pacientes con CCR, 68 pacientes presentaron CCRPC (tasa: 6,9%). No hubo diferencias significativas en la edad o el sexo, aunque predominó el masculino (2:1) en el CGPE (0,09). El hallazgo de lesiones premalignas fue similar en ambos grupos (p = 0,260). La ubicación anatómica mostró ser más proximal (colon derecho) en el CCRPC que en el CGPE (cardias/fondo) (p = 0,002). Las neoplasias gástricas fueron más mal diferenciadas (58%) que las de colon (26%) (p = 0,001). No hubo diferencias en los cánceres tempranos, pero el estado tumoral fue más avanzado en el CGPE (p < 0,01). El Kaplan-Meier mostró una peor sobrevida para el CCRPC que para el CCR detectado, sin diferencias en el CG y el CGPE, que mostraron una pobre sobrevida. Conclusiones: la tasa de cánceres de intervalo es de 7,3% y 6,9%, y se encontraron diferencias entre los CGPE y el CCRPC, ubicaciones proximales de las lesiones, grado de diferenciación, estado del tumor y una pobre sobrevida para el CCRPC. Se hace necesario establecer medidas para lograr la meta de la Organización Mundial de Endoscopia de

La principal herramienta para la obstrucción biliar maligna es la descompresión de la vía biliar, mediante la colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE) con colocación de stent, la cual en un gran porcentaje de los casos es satisfactoria; sin embargo, el verdadero reto se presenta cuando es imposible canular la papila de váter por compromiso neoplásico a ese nivel. Aunque el drenaje biliar transhepático percutáneo (PTBD) es una opción, representa una gran morbilidad, que repercute directamente en la calidad de vida del paciente al tener un dispositivo externo sumado a una patología maligna. Con la llegada de la ultrasonografía endoscópica (USE), existen nuevos métodos reportados como la hepaticogastrostomía guiada por EUS (EUS-HGS), la cual se realiza por un orificio natural (NOTES) e impacta positivamente en el desenlace de estos pacientes. A continuación, se ejemplifica nuestra experiencia con los primeros 3 casos en Colombia.

Objective. High-pressure balloon pneumatic dilatation for the treatment of primary obstructive megaureter (POM) was initially described under cystoscopic and radiological control. However, some groups use cystoscopic control only, in an attempt to avoid the ionizing radiation associated with the procedure. Materials and methods. A retrospective study of POM patients treated with pneumatic dilatation in our unit from 2008 to 2021 was carried out. Success rates, complications, and follow-up were compared between two groups --dilatation under cystoscopic control alone (CS) vs. dilatation under radiological control only (RX). Results. 23 patients --9 CS and 14 RX-- underwent surgery. Both groups were demographically comparable. Mean hospital stay was significantly shorter in the CS group (1 vs. 2 days; p = 0.009). Operating time was longer in the RX group (78 vs. 30 min; p = 0.001). Ureterovesical junction (UVJ) dilatation was successful in 100% of CS vs. 79% of RX cases; RR: 3.87 (0.51-26.99). Postoperative complications were similar in both groups; RR: 3.87 (0.51-26.99). Double J stent migration occurred in one case in both groups; RR: 0.64 (0.05-9.03). In the long-term, treatment success rate was higher in the CS group (100% vs. 71%); RR: 3.87 (0.51-26.99). Conclusion. POM pneumatic dilatation under cystoscopic control alone is faster, without increasing the risk of complications. Based on our experience, we suggest ionizing radiation be removed, since we consider it to be unnecessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and objective: Otosclerosis is a cause of hearing loss in young people, more frequently in women. Stapes surgery is a widely accepted corrective procedure, with the advent of technology and changes in technique, the question arises as to whether there are differences between them. Objective: To evaluate whether there are differences in hearing gain between techniques and approaches of stapes surgeries in patients with otosclerosis. Method: Demographic, clinical and surgical variables were collected. Descriptive statistics were applied. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for numerical variables, as well as the Kruskal Wallis test to compare differences in three or more groups. A p value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Between 2020 and 2023, 55 stapes surgeries were performed for otosclerosis, of which 20 had to be excluded. Of 35 surgeries in 31 patients, mean age 41.16 ± 8.64 years, 77.4% were women, 51.4% were in the right ear; Comorbidities were present in 25.7%, 5 complications presented hearing loss, in 88.6% of the procedures a satisfactory closure of the air-bone gap was found. There was no difference between stapes surgery techniques and postsurgical audiological results p=0.872, nor with the type of visualization approach p=0.636. Discussion: Our results are similar to what some authors found, however, there is still uncertainty about the best technique. Conclusions: No statistically significant differences were found in terms of hearing gain with the visualization approach and the type of procedure in the stapes for placement of the prosthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Gastroenterología is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Gastroenterologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Gastroenterología is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Gastroenterologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú is the property of Sociedad de Gastroenterologia del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Digestive endoscopy is an advanced and non-invasive technology that contributes to the diagnosis and therapeutic management of the various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that affect canines. The advantages of the technique include diagnostic accuracy, easier handling and the possibility of collecting samples through biopsy, however, its limitations are linked to complications in the anesthetic procedure and the difficulty in evaluating some structures. Thus, gastroscopy, the focus of this study, is a widely used tool that aims to help resolve clinical conditions in patients affected by different gastropathies. Therefore, the objective of this study was to promote, based on a literature review, a general approach to this examination in dogs, highlighting the main aspects of the technique and its application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: la ingesta de cuerpos extraños es un problema médico frecuente, especialmente en el servicio de urgencias. Existen algunos estudios pequeños que describen las experiencias al respecto. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, en el cual se incluyó a pacientes con sospecha de ingesta de cuerpos extraños, ingresados al servicio de gastroenterología y endoscopia digestiva de La Clínica Universitaria Colombia, entre enero de 2007 y agosto de 2020. Resultados: la edad de ocurrencia del evento se presentó en pacientes desde los 18 hasta los 95 años, y la edad promedio fue de 45 años. Los cuerpos extraños ingeridos y encontrados fueron variables; los más frecuentes fueron la ingesta de espinas de pescado, que representó el 64,11% de los casos, seguido por la ingesta de huesos de pollo y la impactación alimentaria. Un 38% de los pacientes requirieron la extracción de cuerpo extraño y la herramienta usada con mayor frecuencia fue la pinza de cuerpo extraño. La localización principal fue el esófago, en el 12,53% de los casos, seguido por la cricofaringe, en el 11,18%, y la hipofaringe, en el 10%. Conclusiones: la Clínica Universitaria Colombia es un sitio de referencia de una gran cantidad de urgencias en gastroenterología debido a su alto nivel tecnológico y al gran recurso humano que requieren. Este trabajo representa probablemente la cantidad más grande de pacientes con este motivo de consulta, razón por la que se diseñó este estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, que muestra las características demográficas, los tipos de cuerpo extraño, los hallazgos radiológicos y endoscópicos y las complicaciones asociadas, que son de utilidad para tener un conocimiento más real de esta patología.

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Gastroenterología is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Gastroenterologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú is the property of Sociedad de Gastroenterologia del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú is the property of Sociedad de Gastroenterologia del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se describe el caso de un hombre de 62 años de edad, con múltiples comorbilidades que concurre a la consulta por dolor lumbar severo compatible con espondilodiscitis de T12-L1-L2. Se realizó una endoscopia con abordaje posterolateral izquierdo con técnica adentro-adentro para fines diagnóstico y terapéutico. Se aisló un germen y se administró un tratamiento antibiótico específico. Dada la buena evolución clínica del paciente, fue dado de alta a los 7 días de la cirugía, con buen manejo del dolor y antibióticos intravenosos en el domicilio. Se presenta una breve revisión bibliográfica.

Introducción: Los abordajes endonasales endoscópicos son los procedimientos de elección para tumores mediales en la base craneal por su seguridad y efectividad. La reparación de la base craneal constituye un elevado desafío. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la construcción de una barrera de reconstrucción de la base craneal en pacientes con tumores de la base craneal operados por procedimientos endonasales endoscópicos. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, que incluyó a 70 pacientes del Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras operados de tumores de la base craneal por procedimientos endonasales endoscópicos. Se construyó una barrera de reparación de la base craneal para aislar el compartimiento nasosinusal del intracraneal. Se determinó la eficiencia de la barrera de reparación mediante aspectos clínicos y endoscópicos. Se definieron aspectos a evaluar en relación con la vitalidad de la barrera de reparación con el empleo de la fibrina rica en plaquetas y leucocitos. Resultados: Se evidenció una barrera de reparación eficiente en el 98,6 %. En relación con estado de vitalidad de la barrera se apreció una adherencia, granulación en el 98,6 % de pacientes, mientras una angiogénesis de 97,1%. La incidencia de fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo posoperatoria fue de solo 1,4 %. Conclusiones: El presente estudio evidencia el efecto positivo de la construcción de una barrera de reparación eficiente de la base craneal por vía endonasal endoscópica con disminución significativa de fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo y sus complicaciones.

A utilização de anestésicos em procedimentos endoscópicos apresenta diversas funções benéficas, tais como a redução da resposta ao estresse, melhora da função respiratória no pós-operatório e a diminuição da dor após a cirurgia. Por outro lado, entre suas desvantagens, pode-se mencionar a limitação da visualização do campo cirúrgico, o que pode resultar em uma cirurgia mais prolongada e em uma maior necessidade de uso desses anestésicos. No entanto, os benefícios superam tais desvantagens, uma vez que os prognósticos de recuperação dos pacientes são favoráveis. A endoscopia tem se tornado cada vez mais frequente na medicina veterinária devido à sua praticidade. É de extrema importância que o anestesista veterinário esteja preparado para proporcionar uma sedação adequada durante o procedimento. Durante o período transoperatório, o animal manteve-se estável, apesar da resistência do corpo estranho em lesar e persistir na região da mucosa esofágica cervical.

Kaposi's sarcoma is an angioproliferative neoplasm associated with the human herpesvirus 8. According to the clinical characteristics and the degree of immunosuppression, there are four epidemiological forms: classic, endemic, iatrogenic, and epidemic. The latter is associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 40% GI involvement. There is little epidemiological, clinical, and endoscopic evidence of the disease. This study sought to characterize this condition in a Colombian population and compare the findings with publications from other countries. One hundred thirty-five records of patients who consulted between 2011 and 2020 for Kaposi's sarcoma were reviewed, of which 24 had GI involvement. Epidemiological, clinical, endoscopic, and treatment characteristics were obtained. Twenty-two patients were men. There were 21 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; 87.5%) and 19 receiving antiretroviral therapy (90%); 33.3% had HIV viral load > 100,000 copies/mL. The CD4+ count was <50 cells/µL in 28.6% of cases, between 50 and 100 cells/µL in 19.0%, and between 100 and 200 cells/µL in 14.4%. The rate of infection by other opportunistic infections was 41.7%. There were GI symptoms in 33% of the patients, and the most frequent were hematochezia, abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhea. Most had concomitant skin lesions (70.8%). GI lesions were located mainly in the oropharynx (41.7%), stomach (20.8%), and colon (16.7%). The most common endoscopic finding was maculopapular erythema. This article provided insight into the local epidemiology of gastrointestinal Kaposi's sarcoma. In contrast to studies in other populations, GI symptoms were more frequent in this one, and there was a difference in endoscopic findings. Studies with larger populations are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú is the property of Sociedad de Gastroenterologia del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú is the property of Sociedad de Gastroenterologia del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú is the property of Sociedad de Gastroenterologia del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: el divertículo de Zenker es un saco que se produce como resultado del aumento de presión a nivel de la pared posterior de la hipofaringe que lleva a la protrusión de mucosa y submucosa a través de los músculos constrictor inferior de la faringe y cricofaríngeo. Discusión: es característico de los pacientes adultos mayores en la séptima y octava década de la vida, con una discreta predilección por el sexo masculino. El síntoma principal es la disfagia y en casos severos episodios de broncoaspiración. Tiene diferentes opciones de tratamiento, entre las que se encuentran el abordaje quirúrgico y endoscópico, siendo esta última la técnica más recomendada dado sus buenos resultados y menores tasas de complicaciones descritas.