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In the present study, we combined the Focus on Multilingualism approach with the human capital theory to investigate multilingual profiles among first-generation adult immigrants in Germany and the relationship between immigrants' multiliteracy and their employment status. We used data representative for Germany on the self-reported literacy skills in the majority, heritage, and foreign languages of first-generation immigrants (n = 451, age 18–64) gathered in the LEO 2018 study. To analyze multilingual literacy skills, we estimated adults' multilingual profiles using LCA. In a second step, we conducted logistic regression models with multiliteracy and employment status. We found two multilingual profiles of first-generation immigrants: a profile with higher and a profile with lower literacy skills in all investigated languages. The profiles differed by the level of adults' literacy skills in all investigated languages and showed a unique non-overlapping language ordering pattern. The results gained from the logistic regressions revealed that multiliteracy in first-generation immigrants may represent human capital in Germany. After controlling for additional variables (age, gender, education), the analysis showed that higher multiliteracy increases the probability of adult immigrants' employment. Furthermore, our findings indicated independent positive effects of literacy in each language in multilingual repertoires on employment probability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological happiness represents the ultimate pursuit of human beings, and the impact of digital technology on psychological happiness is becoming increasingly significant in the era of the digital economy. Based on data from 2020 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this study constructs an empirical model that examines the effect and mechanism of digital technology on happiness. Additionally, this study investigates the heterogeneity and robustness of the impact of digital technology on happiness. The research conclusions are as follows: Firstly, digital technology can promote psychological happiness. When controlling for other factors, the marginal effect coefficient of digital technology is 0.031. Secondly, the effect of digital technology on personal happiness varies among different groups, particularly among women, young individuals, primary and college graduates, and rural residents. Furthermore, as absolute income increases, the happiness effect of digital technology diminishes. Thirdly, in terms of the influencing mechanism, digital technology indirectly affects individual happiness by influencing health status, interpersonal relationships, employment situations and income levels. Specifically, digital technology negatively impacts personal health, interpersonal relationships, and agricultural work, while positively impacting family relationships, non-agricultural employment, absolute income and relative income. Digital technology affects happiness through these channels indirectly. Based on the study results, it is proposed that efforts should be made to enhance the development of digital technology infrastructure in remote rural areas, reduce the financial burden associated with digital technology, and promote the digital technology ecosystem. Moreover, providing online services, such as e-commerce, travel reservations, and digital financial management, can improve access to digital technology in rural areas and contribute to increased happiness levels. Simultaneously, there is a need to strengthen digital skills training, particularly among vulnerable populations such as the elderly and rural residents, to improve their proficiency in digital technologies. This can be achieved through the integration of additional educational resources, thereby facilitating cost-free digital technology training and guidance. Meanwhile, it is essential to vigorously develop the new economy and innovative employment models, create job opportunities, foster entrepreneurial prospects, and improve income levels to enhance individual well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rising digitalization and individualism in the workplace after the COVID-19 pandemic have increased loneliness and related problems in the working-age population. The potential effects of various forms of loneliness on suicidal ideation may differ depending on employment status. Method: This is a cross-sectional study based on a national survey of mental health in the general Korean population. We classified occupations as "employed," "self-employed," or "unemployed." Loneliness was assessed using the UCLA Loneliness Scale, which measures both qualitative and quantitative aspects of loneliness. Suicidal ideation was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Results: A total of 1770 participants aged 30–65 years (mean age: 47.7 years) were included. The mean loneliness score was 43.9 (SD = 10.4), and 28% of the participants experienced a high level of loneliness. The prevalence ratio for suicidal ideation in the group with high levels of loneliness was 3.06 (95% CI 2.57, 3.63) compared to the group with low levels of loneliness. In our subgroup analysis, we consistently observed an association between loneliness and suicidal ideation across the employed group; however, the employed was more related with qualitative loneliness, the self-employed and the unemployed were more related with quantitative loneliness. Conclusions: Loneliness was associated with suicidal ideation. According to employment status, the associations were consistent, but there were interactions between type of loneliness and employment status. These findings suggest that interventions to reduce loneliness and prevent suicidal ideation should be tailored to specific employment groups, focusing on qualitative aspects for employed individuals and quantitative aspects for self-employed and unemployed individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Tobacco smoking is a cause of premature death and illness globally. This study examined the prevalence and factors associated with tobacco smoking among South African adults according to sex, education, and employment status among socio-demographic subgroups. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2021 South African Global Adult Tobacco Survey (a nationally representative household survey using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling design). The 6311 participants were aged 15+ years. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to investigate relationships between current smoking and socio-demographic variables. Results: Smoking prevalence was 25.8% (n = 1573) (41.2% among men, 11.5% among women; 29.9% among working individuals, 23.1% among non-working individuals). The multiple logistic regression results showed that males aged 45–64 were twice as likely to be currently smoking than males aged 15–24. Coloured (of mixed race) males were twice as likely to smoke as Black African males. Males with secondary/post-secondary education were less likely to smoke compared to males with no education. Coloured females were seven times and White females were almost five times more likely to smoke than Black African females. Females with post-secondary education were less likely to smoke than those with no formal education. Females earning an income were more likely to smoke compared to those with no income. Non-working participants aged 25–44 and 45–64 were more likely to smoke compared to those aged 15–24 years. Working and non-working Coloured and working White individuals were three times more likely to smoke than working or non-working Black Africans. Conclusion: Groups with higher identified smoking prevalence may indicate where smoking cessation interventions should be targeted to reduce national smoking prevalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the linkages between the antecedents of the extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) model and an individual demographics in four developing countries in Southeast Europe. Three unexplored linkages are introduced, such as employment status, living settlement and financial experience. The article applies the partial least square and non-parametric methods to examine the proposed associations from a dataset of 959 individuals. Evidence reveals that those individuals who are employed, live in urban areas, and have financial experience scored higher in the UTAUT2 constructs. The article suggests the inclusion of additional moderating factors into the UTAUT2 model, which gives a better understanding of the individuals' technology adaption to scholars and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aims to identify the key factors that underlie the return to work (RTW) of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients in Belgium. Methods: We used data from the EMPCAN database linking data from the Belgian Cancer Registry and the Crossroads Bank for Social Security. We selected HNC patients aged 18–60 at diagnosis who became inactive on the labour market during the follow-up time observed (n = 398). Fine-Gray regression models were used to examine associations between clinical, socio-demographical and work-related factors and RTW over a follow-up of almost 8 years (2004–2011). Results: The overall RTW was 21.6%. Stage IV at diagnosis and the use of chemoradiation were associated with a decreased RTW probability but this effect was attenuated by age-adjusted analyses. Multivariate analysis shows that the probability of RTW decreases with age and depends on the household composition. Patients who live alone (SHR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0 – 4.5) and patients who live with another adult and child(ren) (SHR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1 – 4.0) are more likely to RTW than patients who live with another adult without children. Conclusions: The cumulative incidence of RTW in HNC patients is associated with age and household composition but not with treatment modalities or stage. In future research, this model could be applied to larger cancer patient groups for more accurate estimations. These insights are of importance to better support patients and for informing tailored policy measures which should take into account the sociodemographic profile of HNC patients to tackle societal and health-related inequities and burden of work inactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Late emerging adulthood is pivotal for identity exploration and development and is interrelated with life satisfaction. In the development of identity and life satisfaction, it is important to have a stable employment status that supports the foundation of life. However, the interrelationships among identity, life satisfaction, and employment status in late emerging adulthood are unclear. Using a two-wave longitudinal survey, this study examined identity development and whether the relationship between identity and life satisfaction varies by employment status. Participants included 875 Japanese emerging adults (65.5% women, Mage = 24.74, SDage = 0.44). Multivariate analysis of variance showed that identity synthesis decreased for those who lost their jobs or those who changed from being full-time to part-time employment. Additionally, individuals with full-time employment had higher identity synthesis and lower confusion than those with part-time or no employment. Multi-group path analysis indicated that identity synthesis was positively associated with life satisfaction and confusion was negatively associated, and these relationships did not differ by employment status. These findings suggest that identity development in late emerging adulthood varies by employment status and that the association between identity and life satisfaction may not be moderated by employment status. Overall, this study contributes to elucidating the characteristics of identity development along employment status and its relationship to life satisfaction in late emerging adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study utilized nationally approved data from the 2022 Long-Term Care Survey of Korea to examine the factors associated with career disruptions and employment status among family caregivers of home-based care recipients. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, one-way ANOVA, and multinomial logistic regression analysis were employed to address the research questions. The results indicated that 19.39% of family caregivers of home-based care recipients experienced career disruptions due to informal caregiving. Demographic factors such as gender, age of family caregivers, and their relationship with care recipients predicted their employment status. Gender was a significant explanatory factor, as daughters/daughters-in-law were more likely to be in insecure employment positions than sons. Lower household income and older age were also associated with employment insecurity. Recommendations include coverage expansion, family support programs, and pension credit for family caregivers to meet the needs of care recipients and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: It has been reported that employment during student enrollment, in rigorous health care programs, impedes college success and may be a barrier to successful graduation. Furthermore, student's prior education is typically viewed as a positive predictor of success in college. The aim of this study was to examine whether a relationship exists between employment status and prior education, compared with academic and clinical success for Diagnostic Medical Sonography (DMS) or Radiography (RT) students, in a large community college. Materials and Methods: There were 26 imaging student participants consented to this study. This convenient sample included 10 DMS and 16 RT students, enrolled in an associate degree in applied sciences program. A survey was administered that collected demographic data on the students in both programs. Data collection began at the start of each respective program and again one year later. Student academic and clinical grades were examined over a period of three college semesters. Results: The analysis of the findings did not show a significant relationship between employment status, prior education, student academics, and clinical success among the participating DMS or RT students. Conclusion: The results of this study provide limited evidence that there was no significant relationship between employment status, prior education, and academic and clinical success among this cohort of DMS or RT students. These findings also suggest that students' employment did not impede success for these DMS and RT students. In addition, this research shows that students' prior education had no effect on their success in their DMS and RT programs. Further research should be conducted to investigate whether these findings are similar in other imaging programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology / Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background Rising digitalization and individualism in the workplace after the COVID-19 pandemic have increased loneliness and related problems in the working-age population. The potential effects of various forms of loneliness on suicidal ideation may differ depending on employment status. Method This is a cross-sectional study based on a national survey of mental health in the general Korean population. We classified occupations as “employed,” “self-employed,” or “unemployed.” Loneliness was assessed using the UCLA Loneliness Scale, which measures both qualitative and quantitative aspects of loneliness. Suicidal ideation was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Results A total of 1770 participants aged 30–65 years (mean age: 47.7 years) were included. The mean loneliness score was 43.9 (SD = 10.4), and 28% of the participants experienced a high level of loneliness. The prevalence ratio for suicidal ideation in the group with high levels of loneliness was 3.06 (95% CI 2.57, 3.63) compared to the group with low levels of loneliness. In our subgroup analysis, we consistently observed an association between loneliness and suicidal ideation across the employed group; however, the employed was more related with qualitative loneliness, the self-employed and the unemployed were more related with quantitative loneliness. Conclusions Loneliness was associated with suicidal ideation. According to employment status, the associations were consistent, but there were interactions between type of loneliness and employment status. These findings suggest that interventions to reduce loneliness and prevent suicidal ideation should be tailored to specific employment groups, focusing on qualitative aspects for employed individuals and quantitative aspects for self-employed and unemployed individuals.

Abstract Background This study aims to identify the key factors that underlie the return to work (RTW) of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients in Belgium. Methods We used data from the EMPCAN database linking data from the Belgian Cancer Registry and the Crossroads Bank for Social Security. We selected HNC patients aged 18–60 at diagnosis who became inactive on the labour market during the follow-up time observed (n = 398). Fine-Gray regression models were used to examine associations between clinical, socio-demographical and work-related factors and RTW over a follow-up of almost 8 years (2004–2011). Results The overall RTW was 21.6%. Stage IV at diagnosis and the use of chemoradiation were associated with a decreased RTW probability but this effect was attenuated by age-adjusted analyses. Multivariate analysis shows that the probability of RTW decreases with age and depends on the household composition. Patients who live alone (SHR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0 – 4.5) and patients who live with another adult and child(ren) (SHR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1 – 4.0) are more likely to RTW than patients who live with another adult without children. Conclusions The cumulative incidence of RTW in HNC patients is associated with age and household composition but not with treatment modalities or stage. In future research, this model could be applied to larger cancer patient groups for more accurate estimations. These insights are of importance to better support patients and for informing tailored policy measures which should take into account the sociodemographic profile of HNC patients to tackle societal and health-related inequities and burden of work inactivity.

Background: Organizational downsizing may be significantly linked to depressive symptoms, yet research on this impact in Asian contexts is limited. This study investigates the association between downsizing during the COVID-19 pandemic and depressive symptoms across diverse employment statuses. Methods: This study used the data from 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey. Depressive symptoms were measured using WHO-5 well-being index with a cut-off of 50. Downsizing was defined as decrease in the number of employees during last three years. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for socio-demographic and occupational factors was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for depressive symptoms associated with downsizing, including subgroup analyses. Results: Among 26,247 Korean workers (mean age: 43.4, men: 47.5%), the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 29.5% (n = 7,751), and the proportion of downsizing was 15.2% (n = 3,978). The prevalence of depressive symptoms was significantly higher among the downsizing group (36.7%, n = 1,460) than among the no-downsizing group (28.3%, n = 6,291). The result of logistic regression revealed a significant association between downsizing and depressive symptoms (adjusted OR [95% CI]: 1.39 [1.29–1.50]), particularly pronounced among high socioeconomic status workers. Conclusion: This study underscores the significant association between depressive symptoms and organizational downsizing, especially high vulnerability of socioeconomically advantaged and stable workers. These findings highlight the necessity for targeted mental health support and further longitudinal research to clarify the relationship between employment changes and mental health within the Korean workforce.

This study utilized nationally approved data from the 2022 Long-Term Care Survey of Korea to examine the factors associated with career disruptions and employment status among family caregivers of home-based care recipients. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, one-way ANOVA, and multinomial logistic regression analysis were employed to address the research questions. The results indicated that 19.39% of family caregivers of home-based care recipients experienced career disruptions due to informal caregiving. Demographic factors such as gender, age of family caregivers, and their relationship with care recipients predicted their employment status. Gender was a significant explanatory factor, as daughters/daughters-in-law were more likely to be in insecure employment positions than sons. Lower household income and older age were also associated with employment insecurity. Recommendations include coverage expansion, family support programs, and pension credit for family caregivers to meet the needs of care recipients and their families.

This study explored the association between parental employment status and education level and the prevalence of sensory reactivity (SR) in population-based sample of school-aged children. SR was assessed in 495 children using the parent-reported Short Sensory Profile (SSP) questionnaire. Children with SR were identified based on probable or definitive differences in total SSP and subscales. Association between parental employment and education level were explored using multiple Poisson regression models with robust variance, adjusted for potential confounders. The main findings showed that a mother's unemployment status was associated with higher prevalence of SR for the taste/smell sensitivity subscale (PR = 1.66, 95%CI: 1.08–2.56), and the low energy/weak (PR = 2.18, 95%CI: 1.31–3.49) subscale. A lower education level of a father was also associated with a higher prevalence of sensory problems on the tactile sensitivity subscale (PRprimary education = 2.68, 95%CI: 1.27–5.61; PRsecondary education = 1.96, 95%CI: 1.004–3.66) and the low energy/weak subscale (PRsecondary education = 1.95, 95%CI: 1.02–3.73). This study underscores the impact of parental employment and education on SR in school-aged children, offering insights for interventions and support systems aimed at improving their sensory functioning and overall well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

\nHIGHLIGHTSRide-hailing is increasingly important in urban public transportation, yet research on its traffic safety remains limited. This study examined risk factors for crash severity among ride-hailing drivers, including demographics, financial burden, phone usage, fatigue, and risky driving behaviors. Data were collected from 2,182 drivers via a self-reported survey. Recognizing potential differences between full-time and part-time drivers, the data were divided accordingly, and two Bayesian network models were generated. The results indicated that both types of drivers suffer from heavy financial burdens and severe fatigue, with certain factors related to risky behaviors or phone usage increasing the likelihood of serious crashes. However, the specific risk factors leading to severe crashes varied between the two groups. Furthermore, the study confirmed that several combinations of risk factors exhibit nonlinear amplification effects on crash severity across different driver groups. These findings may support the design of evidence-based interventions to mitigate crash severity among ride-hailing drivers.The study explored risk factors affecting crash severity for ride-hailing drivers.The similarities and differences between part-time and full-time ride-hailing drivers were analyzed.Individual and combined effects of risk factors were identified and compared for the two types of drivers.Valuable suggestions were provided according to the characteristics of different types of drivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

he recent decision of the UK Supreme Court in Independent Workers Union of Great Britain v Central Arbitration Committee marks a retrogressive step in the protection of fundamental employment rights in the United Kingdom. In that case, the Court found that Deliveroo Riders were neither “workers” for the purpose of domestic employment law, nor were they in an “employment relationship” for the purposes of accessing trade union rights within the context of art.11 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The consequence of this decision is to further exclude vulnerable gig economy workers—who are already engaged in precarious app or platform-based work— from the basic or core protections offered not only by domestic legislation, but also by international fundamental (social) rights. This article argues that, in so doing, the Supreme Court failed adequately to engage with the underlying protective purpose of the statutory regime as already recognised in its pre-existing case law, while also underestimating the normative value of the right to bargain collectively, as well as individual labour rights, as fundamental social rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women employment in India neither resonate with economic growth and nor with their rising educational levels. Women work participation (WWPR) rather is on a consistent decline and this is observed more strikingly in its rural areas. The Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) of 2017-18, shows only 16.5 per cent women are engaged in the workforce at the National level which is in stark contrast to their male counterparts (52.1 per cent). The declining WWPR has also impacted women's employment composition. The present paper attempts to study the level of women work participation and their status of employment along with industry sections at national level and in state of Haryana in particular. The study is based on various rounds of Employment Unemployment Survey, conducted by National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO). The result shows that women work participation in the state of Haryana is very low (9.5 per cent, PLFS, 2017-18). The employment status of women has also undergone change with decline in self- employment over a period of 3 decades. The rise in casual labour employment status of rural women is a cause of concern. In urban areas, the decline in self-employment is coupled with fluctuations in regular and casual work, reflecting a complex interplay between job availability and women's economic roles. The spatial variations and underlying causes have also been discussed for 2017-18. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zimbabwe grapples with a significant brain drain as many educated individuals seek better opportunities abroad. Given the decreasing number of highly educated individuals who remain in the country, their prospects of career advancement and wealth generation are expected to increase. This research aimed to investigate the impact of education on the employment status and income of individuals who stay in Zimbabwe. Cross-sectional data from the World Values Survey was used to characterize Zimbabwean respondents in relation to their employment status and income. To provide a comparative context, the results were juxtaposed with data from Australia and the United Kingdom (UK), popular destinations for Zimbabwean immigrants. Educated individuals in Zimbabwe face higher unemployment rates (22%) than those in Australia (2%) and the UK (3%). Additionally, educated Zimbabweans are more frequently self-employed (25%) than educated individuals in Australia (7%) and the UK (8%). Moreover, educated Zimbabweans are less likely to categorize themselves as high earners (10%) than Australians (38%) and UK residents (19%) with similar educational backgrounds. The significant disparities in employment rates, self-employment prevalence and perceived high-earning status between educated individuals in Zimbabwe and those in Australia and the UK underscore the challenges faced by educated individuals within Zimbabwean society. This research underscores the need for more job opportunities and the limited wealth creation prospects of highly educated individuals in Zimbabwe. If economic inclusivity is not fostered for the educated workforce, the brain drain will persist since opportunities will remain scarce, even for those who stay in the country. Targeted interventions to address structural issues and to promote a more inclusive economic environment in Zimbabwe are deemed necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Suicide poses a major public health challenge, claiming around 650 lives annually in Norway. There is limited understanding of mental healthcare utilization patterns preceding suicide, particularly relating to socioeconomic status (SES). This study analyzes mental health service use among Norwegian citizens aged 20–64 from 2009 to 2021, emphasizing disparities related to SES. Methods This is a population-wide registry-based study. We include mental health consultations with both primary and specialist healthcare services, and investigate patterns of service use regarding educational attainment, employment status and income and compare this to the population in general. All suicides in the period (N = 4731) are included in the study. The aim is to investigate potential discrepancies in service use the year and month preceding suicide, seeking to enhance targeted preventive interventions. Results Our results show significant variations in healthcare use for mental health problems the last year preceding suicide, according to the components of SES, for both men and women. Those with higher education utilize the mental healthcare services prior to suicide to a higher degree than men and women with high school education or less, whereas employed men and men with high income level have significantly lower mental healthcare usage prior to suicide both the last year and month compared to the non-employed men and men with low-income level. Employed women also had a lower mental healthcare usage, whereas the results regarding income are not significant for women. Conclusion Mental healthcare use prior to suicide varies across the SES components. Notably, the SES groups exhibit heterogeneity, with gendered patterns. Targeted interventions for low consultation rates among employed men, and men with high income and lower education are needed, while women, and men in at-risk groups, such as the non-employed and those with low income, demonstrate higher mental healthcare utilization, warranting comprehensive suicide prevention measures.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the causal effect of a change in employment status on suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms by applying marginal structural models (MSM) with machine-learning (ML) algorithms. METHODS: We analyzed data from the 8–15^th waves (2013–2020) of the Korean Welfare Panel Study, a nationally representative longitudinal dataset. Our analysis included 13 294 observations from 3621 participants who had standard employment at baseline (2013–2019). Based on employment status at follow-up year (2014–2020), respondents were classified into two groups: (i) maintained standard employment (reference group), (ii) changed to non-standard employment. Suicidal ideation during the past year and depressive symptoms during the past week were assessed through self-report questionnaire. To apply the ML algorithms to the MSM, we conducted eight ML algorithms to build the propensity score indicating a change in employment status. Then, we applied the MSM to examine the causal effect by using inverse probability weights calculated based on the propensity score from ML algorithms. RESULTS: The random forest algorithm performed best among all algorithms, showing the highest area under the curve 0.702, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.686–0.718. In the MSM with the random forest algorithm, workers who changed from standard to non-standard employment were 2.07 times more likely to report suicidal ideation compared to those who maintained standard employment (95% CI 1.16–3.70). A similar trend was observed in the analysis of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that a change in employment status could lead to a higher risk of suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms.

Abstract Background Few reports have been published on preoperative and long-term postoperative rehabilitation after kidney transplantation. Poor physical function after kidney transplantation is associated with adverse events; hence, physical function should be improved postoperatively. We report a case in which physical therapy was provided just before the operation and 12 months postoperatively to improve physical performance. Case presentation A 64-year-old man, working as a janitor and maintenance worker at a driving school, received a living-donor kidney transplant from his wife. The just before the operation assessment revealed a decline in his physical function, indicating he had become frail. Accordingly, physical therapy was initiated prior to kidney transplantation. Subsequently, his Short Physical Performance Battery score improved from 10 to 12, and his knee extension muscle strength improved from 0.38 to 0.43 kgf/kg, enabling him to resume work. The work functioning impairment scale improved from 13 to 7. Conclusions This case reveals that just before the operation and long-term rehabilitation is crucial in enhancing physical activity in kidney transplantation patients. Although this focused rehabilitation approach holds promise, evaluating its efficacy requires the examination of a larger cohort of cases.

Background: Suicide poses a major public health challenge, claiming around 650 lives annually in Norway. There is limited understanding of mental healthcare utilization patterns preceding suicide, particularly relating to socioeconomic status (SES). This study analyzes mental health service use among Norwegian citizens aged 20–64 from 2009 to 2021, emphasizing disparities related to SES. Methods: This is a population-wide registry-based study. We include mental health consultations with both primary and specialist healthcare services, and investigate patterns of service use regarding educational attainment, employment status and income and compare this to the population in general. All suicides in the period (N = 4731) are included in the study. The aim is to investigate potential discrepancies in service use the year and month preceding suicide, seeking to enhance targeted preventive interventions. Results: Our results show significant variations in healthcare use for mental health problems the last year preceding suicide, according to the components of SES, for both men and women. Those with higher education utilize the mental healthcare services prior to suicide to a higher degree than men and women with high school education or less, whereas employed men and men with high income level have significantly lower mental healthcare usage prior to suicide both the last year and month compared to the non-employed men and men with low-income level. Employed women also had a lower mental healthcare usage, whereas the results regarding income are not significant for women. Conclusion: Mental healthcare use prior to suicide varies across the SES components. Notably, the SES groups exhibit heterogeneity, with gendered patterns. Targeted interventions for low consultation rates among employed men, and men with high income and lower education are needed, while women, and men in at-risk groups, such as the non-employed and those with low income, demonstrate higher mental healthcare utilization, warranting comprehensive suicide prevention measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The psychological, emotional, and physical state of teachers is very important since it can have a great impact on students' learning and well-being as well. However, teaching usually requires long working hours, larger class sizes, and decreased time and energy, which may eventually result in burnout, causing other unprecedented consequences. Using a descriptive-correlational technique, the researchers aimed to identify if there is a relationship between psychological well-being and the different dimensions of burnout and if such relationships were moderated by specific demographic variables. The researchers employed a set of online questionnaires to measure the desired variables. The sample was composed of N=150 educators, with 45 male and 105 female respondents from different regions of the Philippines aged 16 and above. The data was analyzed using Pearson correlation, point bi-serial correlation, and multiple regression via Process by Andrew Hayes. Gender (ß=0.12*) and Salary range (ß =0.15*) provided a significant moderation effect between the predictor and outcome variables. It was found that being a male (ß=- 0.19**) produces less effect in decreasing the negative relationship between Psychological Well-Being (PWB) and the Burnout Dimension of Emotional Exhaustion (EmoEx). Earning a higher salary per month (ß=0.18**) improves the relationship between Psychological Well-Being (PWB) and the Burnout Dimension of Personal Accomplishment (PerAcc). However, no moderator was identified between Psychological Well-Being (PWB) and the Burnout Dimension of Depersonalization. Being a male educator makes someone less prone to experiencing Emotional Exhaustion (EmoEx), and earning a higher salary may improve one's sense of Personal Accomplishment (PerAcc) in relation to their Psychological Well-Being (PWB). Hence, psychological well-being can predict burnout, and the relationship may be buffered by gender and enhanced by salary range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Previous research has related household financial fragility (FF) and the employment status of the household members by focusing only on the labour income channel. In contrast, the literature has scarcely addressed the study of this relationship from a psychological perspective that could be related to the theory of bounded rationality. This article aims to analyse how job expectations relate to the level of household FF. Using a sample of 8554 Spanish individuals in the period 2016–2017, we construct a multidimensional index of household FF. The results indicate that households with unemployed, self-employed, or part-time workers have higher levels of FF, but the job expectations of the household and the individual play an even more important role in the level of the FF. These findings suggest that the perception of labour market uncertainty may influence the level of household FF to a greater extent than the objective employment situations of the individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Working for Roskilde Festival is a dream come true for most of the employees there. In this paper, we apply Hochschild's theoretical framework of emotional labour (EL) supplemented with recent contributions from affect theory which enables us to shed light on EL experienced by casualised and tenured professionals, respectively. Drawing on rich qualitative we contribute to making clearer how differences in work conditions are associated with different types of demands on emotional labour at the workplace. We aim to answer; what kind of emotional labour do casualised and tenured staff do? For each group, we identify patterns of EL relating to the temporality of a fixed term contract with varying demands on EL in the beginning, middle and towards the end of a contract. Identifying this pattern constitutes the main empirical contribution of the study. Such knowledge allows us to better mitigate the risks involved in relation to precarious employments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between employment and women's weight outcomes in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) is less studied. In this study, we use nearest‐neighbor matching to analyze the association between off‐farm employment and women's body mass index (BMI), using data from 364,426 adult women from 36 SSA countries. We find that employment off‐farm is associated with improvement in women's weight status. Off‐farm employment is associated with higher BMI in women (by 1.6%), and lower BMI among obese and overweight women (by 28% and 16%, respectively). These findings provide information that could guide policymakers working at the intersection of women's health and employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Suicide is a serious public health problem in the United States, but limited evidence is available investigating fatal suicides at work. There is a substantial need to characterize workplace suicides to inform suicide prevention interventions and target high‐risk settings. This study aims to examine workplace suicide rates in North Carolina (NC) by worker characteristics, means of suicide used, and industry between 1992 and 2017. Methods: Fatal workplace suicides were identified from records of the NC Office of the Chief Medical Examiner system and the NC death certificate. Sex, age, race, ethnicity, class of worker, manner of death, and industry were abstracted. Crude and age‐standardized homicide rates were calculated as the number of suicides that occurred at work divided by an estimate of worker‐years (w‐y). Rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and trends over calendar time for fatal workplace suicides were examined overall and by industry. Results: 81 suicides over 109,464,430 w‐y were observed. Increased rates were observed in workers who were male, self‐employed, and 65+ years old. Firearms were the most common means of death (63%) followed by hanging (16%). Gas service station workers experienced the highest fatal occupational suicide rate, 11.5 times (95% CI: 3.62–36.33) the overall fatal workplace suicide rate, followed by Justice, Public Order, and Safety workers at 3.23 times the overall rate (95% CI: 1.31–7.97). Conclusion: Our findings identify industries and worker demographics that were vulnerable to workplace suicides. Targeted and tailored mitigation strategies for vulnerable industries and workers are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of gender and employment status associated with different affective events theory constructs such as positive emotions, job satisfaction, and employee performance, and their impact on four municipalities in Nkangala District. This study focused on affective events theory constructs (i.e., positive emotions, job satisfaction, and employee performance). Eight hundred and eight (n=808) employees were selected via convenience sampling in four (n=4) municipalities within the Nkangala region. Moreover, two hypotheses were developed and tested using multivariate analysis of variance. The first hypothesis was that employee status has a significant impact on affective events theory constructs. The second hypothesis was that gender has a significant impact on affective events theory constructs. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 29 was used to analyse the data, which were gathered using a reliable and validated questionnaire. The results revealed that employee status did not significantly impact affective events theory constructs. This study has implications for municipal managers as it demonstrated that even though they incur higher labour costs due to hiring permanent employees, this does not relate to higher and significant levels of affective events theory constructs, which are proxies for excellent service delivery. In addition, less satisfied females experiencing adversarial working conditions might resign, which could be detrimental to municipalities and act as a constraint to achieving employment equity targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Directive on improving working conditions in platform work has been finally adopted by national labour ministers at the Council meeting on 11 March 2024. The Directive has the ambitious aim of improving the minimum standards recognised by European and national legislations for platform workers and advancing the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and algorithmic work management. Still pending its formal approval, the Authors offer a first analysis of the new provisions to regulate and protect platform work.

This research examines food delivery couriers’ preferred employment status and factors explaining their opinions. Previous studies have used qualitative research methods and are unable to explain couriers’ general views on employment status. In this research, a survey of 1,539 Wolt couriers was carried out in Finland with logistic regression, cross-tabulation, and content analysis as analysis methods. The results show that 56% of the couriers wanted to work as self-employed and 25% as employed. The opinion was most strongly explained by valuing work-related freedom and flexibility, which were associated with the right to refuse delivery tasks offered and to choose the amount of work, working hours and delivery vehicle. The preference for self-employment was also increased by the duration of courier work, one’s own choice to work as a courier, and age. Freedom and flexibility are dependent on the sufficient availability of delivery tasks, posing challenges when the demand is low.

Background: The annual cost of mental illnesses in Canada is estimated to be ＄50 billion. Research from other countries have suggested that employment status is associated with mental and physical health. Within the Canadian context, there is a dearth of research on the relationship between employment and mental health. Objective: To explore the relationships between age, gender, income, and employment status on mental and physical health. Methods: The 2021 Canadian Digital Health Survey dataset was used for this study. Data records, which included responses for the questions on age, gender, income, employment status, mental, and physical health, were used in the analysis. Ordinal logistics regression was applied to investigate the associations that may exist between mental and physical health with the various sociodemographic factors. Descriptive statistics were also provided for the data. Results: The total sample size included in the analysis was 10,630. When compared to respondents who had full-time employment, those who were unemployed were more likely to have lower self-perceived mental health (OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.55–2.34). Retired respondents were less likely to have worse mental health than respondents who were employed full-time (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.68–0.90). Self-perceived physical health was more likely to be lower for those who were unemployed (OR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.41–2.14) or retired (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.12–1.48) when compared to respondents employed full-time. The likelihood of worsening mental and physical health was also found to be associated with age, gender, and income. Conclusion: Our findings support the evidence that different factors contribute to worsening mental and physical health. Full-time employment may confer some protective effects or attributes leading to an increased likelihood of having improved mental health compared to those who are unemployed. Understanding the complex relationships on how various factors impact mental health will help better inform policymakers, clinicians, and other stakeholders on how to allocate its limited resources.

This article provides an analysis of changes in Hmong American employment status, income, poverty and public assistance rates and educational attainment over time using 2016-2020 American Community Survey PUMS and 2020 Census data.

The United Kingdom has noted a rapid increase in the number of self-employed persons in the last forty years. This has prompted a return to the debate on the regulation of this category of workers. What are the key characteristics of the self-employed? Are they covered by labour law and social security regulations? This chapter answers these questions by looking at the legal framework applicable to the self-employed in the UK. In section 2, the author characterizes the main tendencies regarding self-employed activity in the United Kingdom as presented in a report of the Office of National Statistics for 2020. In sections 3 and 4, she analyses the definition and the legal framework that guarantee protection applicable to the self-employed. The author places particular emphasis on the tri-partite character of the British legal system in individual employment law, which includes certain categories of self-employed in the British definition of worker. Finally, section 5 is devoted to the ever more popular phenomenon of “bogus self-employment” and the legal mechanisms designed to combat it.

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown that being employed is associated not only with patients’ health but also with the outcome of their treatment for severe mental illness. This study examined what influence employment had on improvements in mental health and functioning among patients with common mental disorders who received brief treatment and how patients’ diagnosis, environmental and individual factors moderated the association between being employed and treatment outcome. Methods The study used naturalistic data from a cohort of patients in a large mental health franchise in the Netherlands. The data were obtained from electronic registration systems, intake questionnaires and Routine Outcome Monitoring (ROM). The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework was used to identify potential subgroups of patients. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between employment status and treatment outcome and to determine how the relationship differed among ICF subgroups of patients. Results A strong relationship was found between employment status and the outcome of brief therapy for patients with common mental disorders. After potential confounding variables had been controlled, patients who were employed were 54% more likely to recover compared to unemployed patients. Two significant interactions were identified. Among patients who were 60 years of age or younger, being employed was positively related to recovery, but this relationship disappeared in patients older than 60 years. Second, among patients in all living situations there was a positive effect of being employed on recovery, but this effect did not occur among children (18+) who were living with a single parent. Conclusions Being employed was positively associated with treatment outcome among both people with a severe mental illness and those with a common mental disorder (CMD). The main strength of this study was its use of a large dataset from a nationwide franchised company. Attention to work is important not only for people with a severe mental illness, but also for people with a CMD. This means that in addition to re-integration methods that focus on people with a severe mental illness, more interventions are needed for people with a CMD.

Background/Objectives: Tobacco smoking is a cause of premature death and illness globally. This study examined the prevalence and factors associated with tobacco smoking among South African adults according to sex, education, and employment status among socio-demographic subgroups. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2021 South African Global Adult Tobacco Survey (a nationally representative household survey using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling design). The 6311 participants were aged 15+ years. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to investigate relationships between current smoking and socio-demographic variables. Results: Smoking prevalence was 25.8% (n = 1573) (41.2% among men, 11.5% among women; 29.9% among working individuals, 23.1% among non-working individuals). The multiple logistic regression results showed that males aged 45–64 were twice as likely to be currently smoking than males aged 15–24. Coloured (of mixed race) males were twice as likely to smoke as Black African males. Males with secondary/post-secondary education were less likely to smoke compared to males with no education. Coloured females were seven times and White females were almost five times more likely to smoke than Black African females. Females with post-secondary education were less likely to smoke than those with no formal education. Females earning an income were more likely to smoke compared to those with no income. Non-working participants aged 25–44 and 45–64 were more likely to smoke compared to those aged 15–24 years. Working and non-working Coloured and working White individuals were three times more likely to smoke than working or non-working Black Africans. Conclusion: Groups with higher identified smoking prevalence may indicate where smoking cessation interventions should be targeted to reduce national smoking prevalence.

Abdication—the act of giving up a choice to another person—has been shown to prompt reciprocal generosity (Kardas et al., 2018), but it is not clear whether men or women are more likely to engage in abdication. The present research utilized a gift card scenario adapted from Kardas et al. (2018) in two Amazon Mechanical Turk samples to explore whether women abdicated more frequently than men, whether men abdicated to women less frequently than to other men, and whether employment status predicts abdication. In experiment one, participants (N = 520) were assigned to one of three conditions in which they had to either choose who received a hypothetical gift card themselves or abdicate the decision to a friend (sex not specified, male friend, or female friend). Chi-square analyses revealed no significant differences between participants who abdicated and those who allocated; men and women had similar abdication patterns; there was no significant difference in abdication as a function of friend gender for male or female participants. In experiment two, participants (N = 707) were again assigned to one of the three conditions but were also asked their employment status. Chi-square analyses indicated that participants generally preferred to be allocators rather than abdicators; women showed a similar abdication pattern to men; there was no significant difference in abdication as a function of friend gender for male or female participants. Lastly, unemployed participants abdicated more frequently (70%) than their employed counterparts (42%), and this was especially likely for women. These results have implications for potential factors that influence abdication decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The current study aimed to examine the relationships between resilience and personal characteristics such as socio-economic status, employment, satisfaction with life, and anxiety, during the period of returning to routine life after mass vaccination for COVID-19. Method: 993 Israeli participants, 52% female and 48% male, with a mean age of 40 years (18 to 89 years old) responded to an online questionnaire during March 2021. We hypothesized that (1) unemployed individuals and those with a low SES would have lower resilience, lower satisfaction with life and higher anxiety, (2) individuals who were ill with COVID-19 would have lower resilience and satisfaction with life and a higher level of anxiety, and (3) a higher resilience would be related to a lower level of anxiety. Results: The findings showed that unemployed individuals had lower levels of resilience and satisfaction with life and higher levels of anxiety than employed individuals. Specifically, those who experience a large gap between their socio-economic and employment statuses are at a greater risk than others. In addition, differences were found between people who had experienced COVID-19 illness and those who had not, but only with their satisfaction with life. People who had been ill were more satisfied than those who had not been ill. Eventually, as expected, a higher resilience was related to a lower level of anxiety, specifically at the lower levels of resilience. Conclusions: The findings of this study can provide additional perspectives on the day after a crisis (COVID-19) and the need for the development of intervention programs to strengthen the resilience of individuals who experience a gap between their SES and employment statuses when returning to their routine life after a crisis. The study also shed light on the unique correlation between anxiety and resilience, implying that following a crisis, high-resilience individuals face their anxiety better than low-resilience individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore labor dynamics surrounding the food and nutrition service employees in Korean public schools. This job group is known to have complex power dynamics because employees with different employment statuses (regular employees v. non-regular employees) and managerial authorities perform substantially similar tasks. Based on the ground theory perspectives, labor dynamics issues were discovered through face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with employees from different job groups in Korean public schools. Qualitative data analysis revealed significant problems in various human resource functions such as job analysis, selection, performance management, and compensation. The results show that the conflicts at work are derived from unclear job descriptions and specifications, the lack of acceptance concerning the validity of selection exams, the complicated power dynamics caused by the mixture of authority and employment status, and the lack of perceived fairness in compensation. This paper proposes practical solutions to those issues to minimize employee conflict and maximize organizational effectiveness by outlining individual HR practices and emphasizing the strategic human resource perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Suicide represents a significant mental health challenge. Therefore, this study aims to establish a structural model of suicide tendencies based on ego strength, with the employment status mediating this relationship among divorced women. Method: This research adopts an applicative approach using correlational analysis through structural equations modeling. The statistical population comprises divorced women covered by the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee of Isfahan in 2023. Districts 2 and 3 were chosen from 5 districts using multistage sampling. A total of 270 women were selected based on Morgan and Krejcie's Table and minimum sample adequacy criteria (Smart PLS3). After excluding distorted questionnaires, 250 questionnaires were analyzed. The research instruments included the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (Beck, 1961) and the Psychosocial Inventory of Ego Strengths (Markstrom et al., 1997). Results: The findings demonstrate the significant effect of ego strength on suicidal tendencies (p ≤ 0.001, β = -0.455). Moreover, ego strength significantly and directly influences suicidal tendencies in both divorced housewives (p ≤ 0.001, β = -0.637) and divorced working women (p ≤ 0.001, β = -0.311). Multi-group analysis comparing the coefficients of ego strength on suicidal tendencies in both groups revealed a significant difference (0.326, p ≤ 0.001), indicating the mediating role of employment status in the relationship between ego strength and suicidal tendencies. Conclusion: The significant mediating role of employment status suggests that reducing suicidal tendencies among divorced women can be achieved by creating suitable job opportunities through the Committee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]