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The author proposes a new Jobs Compact to close the nation's jobs deficit, to create sufficient high-quality jobs to raise wages and end thirty years of wage stagnation, and to update and strengthen labor and employment policies. A set of market and institutional failures are identified as root causes of these problems, and local innovations and policy proposals are suggested for overcoming them. Achieving these objectives will require a stronger voice in national policymaking as well as proactive efforts to mobilize and coordinate the constituencies that share an interest in and responsibility for employment policy and practice. The author calls on the president and the secretary of labor to lead these efforts by mobilizing and engaging business, labor, women, ethnic, community, and education leaders at regional and national levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study found that husbands of employed women reported slightly lower levels of job satisfaction, marital adjustment, and quality of life than husbands of housewives. Husbands' time commitment to work and satisfaction with childcare were found to mediate the effect of wives' employment on husbands' job satisfaction and marital adjustment, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article comments on another article in this issue concerning the effects of a contract compliance program designed to ensure equal employment in the U.S. Primarily, it focuses on several different resource allocation problems associated with this program. Using these resource allocation problems as a starting point, the author then broadens his argument to include a general overview of the program's weaknesses. Finally, the article, taking into account these weakness, focuses on the implementation method of the program.

Based upon a cumulative assessment of research on employing the disadvantaged, this review concludes that success hinges upon several critical aspects of social learning and organizational adaption. Eight general propositions are developed to summarize empirical research and integrate findings for organizational decision-makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The staying power of the employment problems of Appalachia or urban ghettos demonstrates that there is no easy solution for spreading economic growth to all parts of the nation. The authors develop a procedure to facilitate effective search for manufacturing jobs. The ideas described will assist regional groups in directing their investment of time and money into resources that will achieve goals depending on an expanded manufacturing base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many businessmen recognize a responsibility to do something about unemployment and underemployment among blacks. Programs to hire the disadvantaged, particularly the National Alliance of Businessmen- Jobs Programs, have been well publicized. But adequate orientation is equally important. This article is mainly an exercise in listening¿emphatically and openly¿to black employees who distrust the factory world into which they are moving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies firm entry dynamics in Poland—an emerging Central and Eastern European (CEE) economy with significant regional disparities. In particular, it examines both long- and short-run drivers of new firm creation in the Polish NUTS-2 regions and the role of firm entries for the region’s economic activity by investigating the propagation of shocks to firm entry on regional GDP, nonagricultural employment, and the total number of firms. Results indicate that regional economic structures significantly affect new firm creation. Some important results are also obtained with regard to the role of firm entry in regional development patterns in Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to compare the decomposition properties of rank‐dependent and level‐dependent indicators of income‐related inequality of health. We do so by focusing on the decomposition by population groups. We show that level‐dependent indices have more desirable subgroup decomposability properties than rank‐dependent indices. This may prove to be an important argument in favour of the use of level‐dependent indices. The difference between the subgroup decomposition results of rank‐dependent and level‐dependent indices is illustrated by means of an empirical study using Australian health and income data. We consider subgroups based on sex, age and employment status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In her recent book, Private Government, Elizabeth Anderson makes a powerful and pragmatic case against the abuses experienced by employees in conventional corporations. The purpose of this review-essay, says the author, is to contrast Anderson's pragmatic critique of many abuses in the employment relationship with a principled critique of the relationship itself. Can we really rent ourselves to our employers? This principled critique is based on the theory of inalienable rights, a theory that was the basis for the abolition of the so-called voluntary slavery in today's democratic countries. When understood in modern terms, that same theory applies as well against the voluntary "self-rental" that is the basis for our current economic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the job search probability in welfare receipt over time for men and women in different household constellations, because it is a major concern in welfare states that long-term receipt is driven by recipients’ low job search activity.Design/methodology/approach The paper analyses the likelihood to search for a job for a sample of unemployed recipients of means-tested welfare benefits in Germany. Data basis is the panel study “Labour Market and Social Security” (PASS), and growth curve models are applied in this study.Findings Job search probability differs by household constellation and gender directly after the onset of welfare receipt; differences are less distinct for changes in job search probability over time. Only welfare recipients without children show a pronounced decline in search probability.Practical implications There is no evidence that welfare recipients’ overall cease to search for a job by and by. Financial incentives alone cannot stimulate the job search of welfare recipients, when the diverse motives of male and female recipients in various household constellations are not considered as well.Originality/value This paper is the first to study the long-term development in the job search probability and gender differences by household constellations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The future of work and employment sociology has been a subject of concern for a number of authors in recent years. Halford and Strangleman, among others, have suggested that work and employment sociology is on the decline, in that it has been disconnected from wider sociology and co-opted by management and business schools. In this article we unpack the debate and look at how it relates to gender and work scholarship. In doing so, we propose that the decline thesis might be overstated. While gender and work sociology has been implicated in the demise of labour process theory, it has also embraced change and strengthened and diversified work and employment sociology. Nevertheless, in this article, we treat the perceived threat as an opportunity to rethink work and employment sociology. We propose a four-themed, interdisciplinary, gender-inspired research paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Welfare State concept where welfare conditions are equally shared among citizens, full employment is ensured and state plays the part of a sole protector against all potential social risks has created great reaction for the whole world. After 1945-1980, accepted as the golden era of welfare state, it is observed that these practices have entered into a process of crisis. Therefore, this case study has been prepared believing that it will contribute to the issues of increasing crisis of Welfare state and social security specific to Turkey example and private pension. In this case study which is founded on an interdisciplinary approach, as a result of conceptual studies on social state and its specific historical process, it is observed, there are two different basic approaches on that the Welfare state concept has gone through crisis. While, the approach that the welfare state continues its existence by evolving outweighs, on the other hand it is suggested that liberal state has left the social state phase which was a response to a specific historical era. This case study which is mainly established on private pension system, defends the second approach among two different ones and tries to bring it into view specific for Turkey example through participants of private pension system. Although, all practices related with social state have not been completely disappeared yet, it is suggested that there is a great crisis as a result of policies especially enforced by neo-liberal institutions. The main purpose of this case study is to understand the crisis dynamics come up related with welfare state model specific to Turkey and reveal the potential of private pension practice put into force for overcoming the crisis. The main purpose of this case study is to clarify the potential of private pension system come up as a precautionary policy for providing social security concept at senility era which is accepted as a social risk in respect of fair distribution of welfare conditions for whole society and overcoming social security needs of citizens within the context of social structural dynamics specific to Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the integration of the emerging adulthood gap into the life course or developmental area of criminological theory. Topics covered include the changes in society which have led to the evolution of emerging adulthood, the study of the engagement of adolescent limited offenders in property crimes and substance use and the role of turning points like marriage and employment in understanding the process of change in an offender.

Quantifying many natural disasters economically is a global concern. Even in the U.S., economic damages stemming from natural disasters are experienced annually. Unexpected natural disasters result in various economic and business management disruptions. Especially, complex inter-industrial and inter-regional connections in established economies may experience much larger impacts by a disaster, and hence, the economic and business losses need to count not only the direct, actual lost value of business during the disrupted period, but also the indirect, latent lost value that would not have occurred. In the U.S., severe economic damages generated by the two hurricanes that hit the Gulf of Mexico in August 2005 were recorded in the history; however, this hurricane-generated economic loss is still being experienced. Hurricane Sandy occurred in 2012 is recorded as one of the largest storms ever to mash American territory. The hurricane-caused disruptions of metro built environments and natural environmental systems demonstrated how fragile New York City (NYC) and Long Island areas are from hurricanes and storm surges. This promptly generated a new discussion of building coastal barriers surrounding the shorelines of the areas, expecting to minimize the destructive risk from a similar event in the future. An issue that was not seriously explored in this discussion is how to account for economic damages more extensively and accurately. Majority studies of estimating economic damages rely on governmental reports that mostly focus on the magnitude of building losses directly damaged or on speculations about future impacts on the area already damaged. However, when considering inter-industrial and inter-regional economic connections which are becoming more complicated, accounting for the indirectly connected ripple impacts is important in the market economies because recovery from economic damages requires an understanding of resilient paths of the lost business production. This study provides a procedure to estimate a type of interconnected economic damages based on the National Interstate Economic Model (NIEMO) and the temporarily lost jobs using Census data during the first 4 days caused by Hurricane Sandy. By tracing Sandy's moving path from Florida to New Hampshire, it was found that Sandy had brought another tragedy mainly to the NYC and Long Island areas, reaching $2.8 billion in 4 days with 99% of the loss occurring in the last day of Sandy. Furthermore, the national impacts attained $10 billion losses according to the NIEMO analysis. Technological innovation that may support various mitigation and prevention policies would reduce the economic losses, expediting recovery to the normal status of U.S. economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Despite a persistent decline in Korea's marriage rates over the past three decades, there is a striking lack of research on the transition to marriage among young Koreans. Similarly, few studies have examined how economic determinants have evolved over the past several decades, even as the Korean social and socioeconomic structure has undergone substantial transformation. METHODS This paper examines changes over time in the determinants of marriage formation in Korea, using employment history data from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS) on three cohorts of young adults born in the 1950s-1970s. RESULTS Results indicate that, for women, the marital implications of being employed reversed over the three decades examined. While working decreased the odds of getting married for women born in the 1950s, it had no statistically significant effect for those born in the 1960s, and it strongly increased the odds of marriage for the most recent (1970s) cohort of women. For their part, men's employment not only continued to positively predict getting married over the three decades, but its impact became stronger with each cohort, so that a man's odds of transition to first marriage was most strongly tied to his employment status for those born in the 1970s, as compared to earlier cohorts. CONTRIBUTION This study contributes to the literature by addressing the relationship between marriage timing and economic resources using more direct measures, examining the association between mandatory military service and marriage formation, and testing if determinants of marriage timing may evolve over time in Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To explore the relationship between cognitive impairment and conventional measures of disability in multiple sclerosis (MS), quality of life (QOL) and employment status using the brief international cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis (BICAMS) in the routine outpatient clinic.Methods: 62 patients with MS were assessed on the BICAMS test battery for cognitive impairment. Data were obtained on employment status and a number of questionnaires completed including fatigue severity score, multiple sclerosis neuropsychological questionnaire, hospital anxiety and depression scale, the functional assessment of multiple sclerosis (FAMS) as well as on the EuroQOL five dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D). Other assessments include the patient activation measure and unidimensional self-efficacy scale for multiple sclerosis.Results: Cognitive assessment revealed 44 subjects (65%) had evidence of cognitive impairment on formal testing. In comparison with patients without evidence of cognitive impairment, cognitively impaired patients exhibited significantly higher rates of unemployment (p=0.009). The symbol digits modalities test was the most significant predictor of unemployment. Cognitive impairment was associated with lower QOL scores on the FAMS (p=0.001) and EQ-5D (p<0.001).Conclusions: BICAMS provides a sensitive and easy to administer screening test for cognitive impairment within the outpatient setting. Cognitive impairment is common in our cohort of patients with MS attending outpatients and appears to be associated with increased rates of unemployment and lower measures of QOL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores importance of SMEs in a given economy. It will also show us the reason why SMEs should be given full concentration and also to provide for the existing SMEs and encouraging more to start up. The contribution of the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to the Local Economic Development (LED) of a nation is well recognized. In developing countries, the contribution of SMEs towards employment generation is significant because they: Nurture entrepreneurship. Since small businesses employs the citizens of the country, it helps to reduce risks (reduce crime rates). Support the building up of systemic productive capacities and the creation of resilient economic systems, through linkages between small and large enterprises. Tend to use more labour intensive production processes than large enterprises, boosting employment and leading to more equitable income distribution. Provide livelihood opportunities through simple, value adding processing activities in agriculturally based economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the role of education and occupation in connection with domestic violence in Saudi Arabia based on a survey administered to 917 women who had varying years of education and various types of occupations. Results show that education and occupation play a positive role in the life of Saudi women by reducing the level of domestic violence to which they are exposed. Education was found to lower the rate of domestic violence by around 7%. A significant difference in the level of domestic violence was found as well between employed and unemployed women. In Saudi Arabia, having an education and/or earning an income seems to give women more power and higher social status, which in turn appears to lower the level of domestic violence they experience compared with women who do not work, have few years of education or are not currently enrolled in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examines the perceptions and experiences of second-generation Ghanaian–Canadian immigrant youths in the Greater Toronto Area labour market and highlights some of the challenges they faced. Specifically, the study explores how some of these youths viewed and expressed their feelings in their process of navigating the labour market as well as the connections between their neighbourhood of residence and their performance in the labour market. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were used to procure empirical data from youths residing in two localities in the Greater Toronto Area. The participants most frequently identified unemployment or underemployment as the main issues that highlighted the differences between the two study localities and that there were differences between male and females in this respect. The findings indicate that the youths’ performance in the labour market was influenced by a multitude of factors, including inefficient transportation, discrimination, lack of information, and dress code. In addition, the findings shed light on how neighbourhood characteristics influenced employment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines to what extent a social norm to work moderates the relationship between employment status and subjective well-being. It was expected that the detrimental impact of non-employment on subjective well-being would be larger in countries with a stronger social norm. Using a direct measure of the social norm to work and employing data from 45 European countries, this study assessed subjective well-being levels of five employment status groups for men and women separately. Results showed that subjective well-being of unemployed men and women is unaffected by the social norm to work. However, non-working disabled men are worse off in countries with a stronger norm. Living in such a country also decreases the well-being gap between employed and retired men, whereas retired women are worse off in these countries. This effect for retirees disappears when a country’s GDP is taken into account, suggesting that norms matter less than affluence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of social acceleration and the ‘high speed society’, scholars have been preoccupied with making claims and asking questions about ‘fast life’. However, this narrative is mainly constructed around groups that occupy structurally significant positions within the globalized economy. In response to this totalizing narrative of a ‘fast life’, this paper discusses the temporalities of everyday life of Filipina domestic workers in Hong Kong. Drawing on qualitative data, it is evident that for this marginalized group time is constructed in a different manner as they engage in intimate relations with their employers. This not only impacts the temporal organization of activities in time and space, but also reveals distinct qualitative experiences that vary from the typical ‘fast life’ individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This present study investigated the roles identity capital and school's socio-economic status have on adolescent worry about future education, employment, and social status. The 354 participants were 14- to 15-year-old students from affluent (56.8%) and disadvantaged (43.2%) Finnish lower secondary schools. Structural equation modelling was used to test the hypothesis that a higher level of family-related identity capital is connected to a lower level of future worry, and that this connection is mediated through intrapersonal forms of identity capital, specifically academic self-concept and general self-efficacy. Adolescent future worry was also examined across school status with an independent samples t-test. The findings suggest that, in the relatively equal societal context in Finland, adolescents are rather confident about their future education, employment, and social status regardless of the socio-economic status of the school they attend, and when their level of identity capital is high the future worry decreases further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study examined the impact of organizational stressors on role performance and job satisfaction. After briefly studying the relationship between the internal and external stressors, a comprehensive and integrated model was built. In addition, moderating role of social support and mediated role of personality are discussed in the model. Sample of 730 employees of banks and financial institutions were selected as a sample. Our findings revealed that the media aggression, terrorism and economic stress have positive association with job stress. Internal stressors have a critical role in contributing towards employee stress. Out of six internal stressors three were accepted and three were rejected due to insignificant results. Media aggression, terrorism and economic stress also have direct association with job stress. The tests verified that personality type partially mediates the relationship between stressors and outcomes. On the other hand it was found that the social support dampens the relationship between job stress and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of American Journal on Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities is the property of American Association on Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Goldthorpe’s class theory suggests that social class arises from employment relations in industrialised societies. This article assesses whether class in urban China can be approached from the same perspective by addressing three issues: (1) whether employment relations can capture China’s class structure; (2) how differently class is shaped by occupational structure in China; and (3) how useful class is to help us understand income inequality. Based on a recent Chinese social survey, the analysis finds three clusters of Chinese employees that fit into the ‘service’, ‘intermediate’ and ‘labour contract’ class typologies suggested by Goldthorpe’s class theory. Also, there is evidence that class links to occupational structures in a similar way between Chinese and western societies. Finally class, when directly measured from employment relations, displays a reasonable degree of explanatory power for inter-class income inequality whereas the Goldthorpe class classification fails to differentiate between intermediate and labour class positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In spite of increasing women migrants, proper social programs based on human rights are hardly found. In this paper, with the implication of ‘diaspora’, the essential term of multi-culturalism from the perspective of migrant women is briefly discussed. Also, social programs for migrant women are suggested through looking into the experiences of EU. EU policies and social programs are reorganized through data analysis and policy contents analysis. EU has longer history of immigration, and has provided the proper and long-term programs to accept migrant women as the qualified social member. EU social programs are based on the principles of non-discrimination, full employment, human rights and citizenship. Social programs should imply long-term inclusive policy for migrants, and help migrants to experience empowerment in the society. By looking into some examples of social programs of employment, education and general knowledge, useful social programs are to be suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employment has become increasingly precarious in developed countries, meaning that, for many young adults, jobs provide neither benefits nor security, more work is part time, and employers are increasingly hiring workers from temporary help agencies and contract companies rather than as employees of their own company. These changes in employment relations have profound effects on gender roles and on family transitions of young adults, especially young men and in particular in countries such as Japan, where there are rigid family norms and the male-breadwinner tradition still prevails. The authors examined the effects of the experience of non-regular work on the timing of marriage and whether this differs by sex. Using recent life history data from Japan, they found that men working in non-regular jobs are especially likely to postpone marriage. The implications of the growth of precarious work for changes in work and family institutions in Japan are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers the author's view on employment policies in the U.S. She mentions the significance of work and its potential in ameliorating the economic conclusion for families which render benefits to them. She also notes the promotion of employment through earned income tax credit (EITC) as well as points the need for the policies to work with the labor market.

The author comments on the article "A Discipline at the Crossroads? Using a Gender-Inspired Paradigm to Reposition the Sociology of Work and Employment" by Kate Huppatz and Anne Ross-Smith which incorporates four key themes within gender and work sociology.

Copyright of Comparative Economic Research is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Informal employment is assumed to be an important but seldom studied social determinant of health, affecting a large number of workers around the world. Although informal employment arrangements constitute a permanent, structural pillar of many labor markets in low- and middle-income countries, studies about its relationship with health status are still scarce. In Central America more than 60 % of non-agricultural workers have informal employment. Therefore, we aimed to assess differences in self-perceived and mental health status of Central Americans with different patterns of informal and formal employment. Methods: Employment profiles were created by combining employment relations (employees, self-employed, employers), social security coverage (yes/no) and type of contract -only for employees- (written, oral, none), in a cross-sectional study of 8,823 non-agricultural workers based on the I Central American Survey of Working Conditions and Health of 2011. Using logistic regression models, adjusted odds ratios (aOR) by country, age and occupation, of poor self-perceived and mental health were calculated by sex. Different models were first fitted separately for the three dimensions of employment conditions, then for employment profiles as independent variables. Results: Poor self-perceived health was reported by 34 % of women and 27 % of men, and 30 % of women and 26 % of men reported poor mental health. Lack of social security coverage was associated with poor self-perceived health (women, aOR: 1.38, 95 % CI: 1.13-1.67; men, aOR: 1.36, 95 % CI: 1.13-1.63). Almost all employment profiles with no social security coverage were significantly associated with poor self-perceived and poor mental health in both sexes. Conclusions: Our results show that informal employment is a significant factor in social health inequalities among Central American workers, which could be diminished by policies aimed at increasing social security coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing research shows that women's employment patterns are not driven so much by gender as by motherhood, with childless people and fathers employed at substantially higher levels than mothers in most countries. We focus on the cross-national variation in the gap in employment participation and working hours between mothers and childless women. Controlling for individual- and household-level factors, we provide evidence that institutional and cultural contexts shape maternal employment. Well-paid leaves, publicly supported childcare services for very young children, and cultural support for maternal employment predict smaller differences in employment participation and working hours between mothers and childless women. Yet, extended leave, notably when unpaid, is associated with larger motherhood employment gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pervasive gender norms influence the way in which men and women create and experience work-life boundaries and work-life conflict, which may lead to differing conceptions of work-life boundary management. Measurement equivalence/invariance ( ME/ I) and predictive invariance analyses were conducted on the WorkLife IndicatorTM ( WLI), a measure of work-life boundary management, to determine if men and women maintain similar conceptualizations of work-life boundary constructs and if work-life outcomes are predicted equally well by WLI scales across gender. Three of the five WLI scales exhibited ME/ I; however, half of the WLI scale-criterion pairings failed to demonstrate predictive invariance. These results indicate that measurement and/or predictive invariance cannot be assumed when using work-life boundary assessments across gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education, employment, and health care are the three main reasons given by Micronesians for the ongoing flow of migrants to the USA. In many families, remittances constitute the only source of steady cash income. Therefore, migration is seen as part of the islanders’ subsistence strategy. Emotional implications for the individual are subsumed under the collective good. This paper will review migration motifs as experienced bychóón(people of) Chuuk, Federated States of Micronesia. With regard to kin relations, the value of family and notions of the self, focus is put on those who leave and/or come back as well as on those who make the decisions. Western spectators are often puzzled by the apparent contradictions between the adherence to traditional culture and the practices of modern life, between love for land and kin and the perceived necessity to nevertheless leave both behind. This paper thus aims to explore whether these dynamics are really in contradiction or rather parallel and interlocking dimensions of cultural concepts of locality and mobility that are connected to ideas of belonging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of policy rests on skilled practice by knowledgeable practitioners - 'policy work' - and it is important to know what skills and knowledge this work calls upon, and where these are learned. Although there is substantial academic knowledge and courses in this field, many practitioners will argue that policy work is 'as much an art as a science' and is something that 'you learn as you go'. This article reports on an exploratory study of policy practitioners' accounts of their practice, what counts as knowledge, and in what contexts it is 'useful'. We examine the discourses through which policy work is accomplished, the way in which people learn to do it, and the place of academic work in the constitution of these discourses. Drawing on our respondents understanding of policy practice, we discuss what more might be done to facilitate learning about the work of policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined financial capability and economic hardship among low-income older Asian immigrants in a supported employment program ( N = 142). Financial capability was defined as a combination of financial literacy, financial access, and financial functioning. Economic hardship was defined as the inability to meet basic needs. Results demonstrated that the majority of the sample had difficulty meeting basic needs. Most respondents answered basic financial knowledge questions incorrectly, and few applied prudent financial management skills. Results indicated that financial access and financial functioning were negatively associated with the risk of experiencing economic hardship, whereas financial literacy was not significantly associated. These findings call for active public policies and programs that address economic challenges among low-income Asian immigrants by enhancing their financial capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sampson and Laub’s age-graded theory of informal social control posits that social bonds created through marriage, military, and employment lead to a decrease of criminal behavior or desistance. Most research has focused primarily on the roles of marriage and employment in this process, ignoring the impact of military service on future offending behavior. However, recent US military involvement in the Middle East suggests that the effects of military experience on individuals should be reevaluated. Using data collected from a more recent sample of military-involved individuals, all of whom served in the All-volunteer Force, this study examines how participation in the military impacts offending and potential desistance. The results demonstrate that, overall, modern-day military involvement does not have the same protective effect on future offending as observed in World War II samples. Racial subgroup analyses, however, suggest that military involvement leads to a greater likelihood of desistance for minority service members. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article focuses upon social networks and their relationship to stigma and identity for long-term sickness benefits recipients in the North East of England. Drawing on empirical qualitative research with long-term sickness benefits recipients, this article demonstrates how the co-construction of stigma is fundamental in shaping how long-term sickness benefits recipients participate in social networks with friends, family and the community. The findings support the idea that the stigma of receiving benefits can be contrasted with nostalgia for the social elements of employment. Utilizing the work of Goffman, the article focuses on how the stigma and shame felt at receiving sickness benefits for an extended period of time interacts with social networks and identity. Reluctance to disclose a claimant identity to friends and family could lead to social isolation and a perceived need to 'keep meself to meself' which can be linked to a wider rhetoric surrounding benefits recipients that characterizes them as 'scroungers'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on the work of lifestyle migrant researchers where hospitality and tourism are key drivers for migrants' location decisions, this article considers the complexities of work choices made by lifestyle migrants. Discussion leads to the proposition of linking lifestyle migration, work-life balance and work choices to provide a basis upon which to explore this group of workers and their relationship with work postmigration. To do this the study reflects on semi-structured interviews with 33 UK lifestyle migrants living in the Chamonix Valley, France and working in hospitality and tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]