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Research has supported the use of preperformance routines to successfully manage the period preceding sport performance. In contrast, little research has been done on the period succeeding skill execution. This article introduces a three-stage model for postperformance routines (PoPR) for novice motor learning and performance including emotion regulation, performance analysis and correction, and continuation to the next performance trial. To test this model, 38 novice golfers completed a putting task after random assignment to either a PoPR or a control condition. Putting performance was measured after each putt, and self-efficacy, arousal, affect, and perceived task difficulty were recorded every 10 putts. Participants in the PoPR group improved their performance from baseline to postintervention (d = −0.55), while performance in the control group remained unchanged (d = −0.01). No significant differences were observed for performance consistency, emotions, self-efficacy, and perceived task difficulty. Thus, practitioners implementing a PoPR in novice athletes may consider the proposed three-stage framework for improvements in motor learning and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) interacts with psychopathology in a complex way; however, little is known about the underlying brain, biochemical, and genetic mechanisms. To clarify the phenotypic and genetic associations between IBS and brain health, we performed a comprehensive retrospective cohort study on a large population. Our study included 171,104 participants from the UK Biobank who underwent a thorough assessment of IBS, with the majority also providing neuroimaging, behavioral, biochemical, and genetic information. Multistage linked analyses were conducted, including phenome-wide association analysis, polygenic risk score calculation, and 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. The phenome-wide association analysis showed that IBS was linked to brain health problems, including anxiety and depression, and poor cognitive performance. Significantly lower brain volumes associated with more severe IBS were found in key areas related to emotional regulation and higher-order cognition, including the medial orbitofrontal cortex/ventromedial prefrontal cortex, anterior insula, anterior and mid-cingulate cortices, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. Higher triglycerides, lower high-intensity lipoprotein, and lower platelets were also related (p < 1 × 10−10) to more severe IBS. Finally, Mendelian randomization analyses demonstrated potential causal relationships between IBS and brain health and indicated possible mediating effects of dyslipidemia and inflammation. For the first time, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between IBS and brain health phenotypes, integrating perspectives from neuroimaging, behavioral performance, biochemical factors, and genetics, which is of great significance for clinical applications to potentially address brain health impairments in patients with IBS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) are common among adolescent girls and increase risk for suicide death. Emotion regulation difficulties are linked with STBs, particularly in response to targeted social rejection. However, neural correlates of this link have not been investigated and may identify novel targets for interventions. Here, we examined neural correlates of emotion regulation before and after an experimentally delivered targeted social rejection in adolescent girls with STBs and girls without STBs (i.e., control participants). Girls (N = 138; age range, 9–15 years; mean [SD] age = 11.6 [1.79] years) completed a functional neuroimaging emotion regulation task. In the middle of the task, participants were socially rejected by an unfamiliar confederate whom the participants had elected to meet. Participants also completed a multimethod STB assessment. Before rejection, girls with a history of STBs, compared with control participants, showed greater activation in the right superior frontal gyrus when passively viewing negative stimuli, and girls with suicidal behavior (SB) versus those without SB showed less activation in the right frontal pole during emotion regulation attempts. Following the rejection, girls with STBs, compared with control participants, showed greater activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus during emotion regulation. Before social rejection, girls with SB versus without SB may not activate brain regions implicated in emotion regulation, suggesting a vulnerability to poor regulation at their baseline emotional state. After social rejection, girls with any history of STBs showed altered activation in a brain region strongly associated with inhibition and emotion regulation success, possibly reflecting increased effort at inhibiting emotional responses during regulation following stress exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depressed patients who have become victim of violence are prone to revictimization. However, no evidence-based interventions aimed at reducing revictimization in this group exist. This multicenter randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of an internet-based emotion regulation training (iERT) added to TAU in reducing revictimization, emotion dysregulation, and depressive symptoms in recently victimized, depressed patients compared to TAU alone. Adult outpatients (N = 153) with a depressive disorder who had experienced threat, physical assault, or sexual assault within the previous three years were randomly allocated to TAU+iERT (n = 74) or TAU (n = 79). TAU involved psychotherapy (mainly cognitive behavioral therapy [77.8 %]). iERT comprised six guided online sessions focused on the acquisition of adaptive emotion regulation skills. The primary outcome measure was the number of revictimization incidents at 12 months after baseline, measured with the Safety Monitor. Analyses were performed according to the intention-to-treat principle. Both groups showed a large decrease in victimization incidents. Mixed-model negative binomial regression analyses showed that TAU+iERT was not effective in reducing revictimization compared to TAU (IRR = 0.97; 95%CI = 0.64,1.46; p =.886). Linear mixed-model analyses demonstrated that TAU+iERT yielded a larger reduction of emotion dysregulation (B = −7.217; p =.046; Cohens d = 0.33), but not depressive symptoms (B = −1.041; p =.607) than TAU. The study was underpowered to detect small treatment effects. Additionally, uptake of iERT was quite low. Although TAU+iERT resulted in a larger decrease of emotion dysregulation than TAU alone, it was not effective in reducing revictimization and depressive symptoms. Patients' revictimization risk substantially decreased during psychotherapy. • Online emotion regulation training improved emotion regulation in depressed patients. • iERT did not reduce revictimization rates or depressive symptoms compared to TAU. • Violent victimization rates decreased substantially during psychotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whereas the influence of regret on decision making is well-established, it remains unclear whether emotion regulation may modulate both the affective experience of regret and its influence on decisions. To examine this question, participants made decisions about options involving uncertainty using two different, instructed emotion regulation strategies. In one case, they were instructed to treat each choice individually, while in the other they were encouraged to treat a series of decisions as a portfolio. The present experiment demonstrates that approaching a series of decisions as a portfolio led to less extreme affective reactions to outcomes and lowered physiological arousal levels compared to focusing on each decision in isolation. However, the different emotion regulation strategies did not alter the influence of anticipatory regret on choices. The results indicate that these different emotion regulation strategies can be used to alter the experience of regret. These findings support a role for cognitive strategies in mitigating the affective experience of regret and suggest a means to encourage consumer welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has linked self-harm to adverse childhood experiences (i.e. abuse and neglect). Despite the extensive literature on self-harm, it remains of high importance to examine psychological predictors of repetitive self-harming behaviors in those who report childhood trauma. This study explored the role of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, dissociation proneness, and borderline personality (BP) features. An international sample with n = 374 participants (N = 287, 77%, reporting intentional use of self-harm), was recruited online via relevant mental health platforms and research sites. Within an anonymous survey, participants completed the Self-harm Inventory, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Dissociative Experience Scale, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and Personality Assessment Inventory-Borderline Personality Features Scale. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to explore direct and indirect effects. Self-harm was positively correlated to severity of childhood trauma, maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, dissociation, and BP features. In the path-analytical model, independent indirect effects of childhood trauma severity via self-blame, catastrophizing, dissociation, as well as BP features on self-harm were found. Maladaptive emotion regulation, dissociation proneness, and BP features all seem to be important intermediary agents in the close association between childhood trauma and self-harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder have difficulties with emotion regulation and recognition which impacts their social functioning. Due to its recent definition, there is limited information on the neural mechanisms of this disorder. This exploratory study examined the role of autonomic heart regulation in children with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, motivated by suggestions of reduced autonomic regulation (measured by heart rate variability) associated with psychiatric disorders in adults and children. The cross-sectional design sampled two groups of children, one with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (n = 15; 14 male) and the other with typical development (n = 15; 14 male). Heart rate variability, facial emotion recognition accuracy and speed, and prosody were measured. There were no significant differences in heart rate variability between the two groups before, or during, the tasks. However, children with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder experienced significantly greater difficulty recognising fear in faces compared to controls and confused other negatively valenced emotions. There was also a significant negative correlation between heart rate variability and prosody modulation (verbal expression of emotion) in the control group, a relationship that was absent in the disruptive mood dysregulation disorder group. These results suggest that atypical autonomic regulation during emotionally evocative situations and difficulty with facial emotion recognition may contribute to the challenges experienced by children with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. This is valuable knowledge for psychologists, which can contribute to individualised, effective, and comprehensive care that addresses the child's emotional, social, and relational well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In conditional autonomous driving, drivers are prone to experiencing incidental emotions during non-driving tasks, which are unrelated to driving decisions but may have negative effects on drivers' takeover performance. Voice assistants have been shown to regulate incidental emotions. Therefore, this study endowed the in-vehicle assistant with emotional voice capability, matching the emotional state of the driver in conditional autonomous driving, in order to explore the effect of regulating incidental emotions. Forty participants were enrolled in a driving simulation experiment. During the autonomous driving process, participants were induced with two incidental emotions (happy or sad) and underwent experiments combining two emotional states of the driver and two emotional states of the in-vehicle assistant. The purpose was to examine the participants' takeover performance in autonomous driving, eye-tracking data, situation awareness, and to reveal the preferences of participants in different groups regarding the in-vehicle emotional voice assistant and their trust in the automated system. The results showed that in-vehicle emotional voice assistants that matched drivers' incidental emotions exhibited better effects on emotional regulation, as evidenced by shorter takeover response time, smaller standard deviation of lane position, smaller maximum lateral acceleration, and better situation awareness capabilities. Drivers also prefer in-vehicle emotional voice assistants that have similar incidental emotions to theirs. Interestingly, the regression model revealed that drivers' incidental emotions and the in-vehicle emotional voice assistant affected the takeover response time in the takeover performance indices, which was mediated by situation awareness. The results of this study are expected to provide some inspiration for the design of current in-vehicle voice assistants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotion dysregulation (ED), the difficulty in modulating which emotions are felt, and when and how they are expressed or experienced, has been implicated in an array of psychological disorders. Despite potentially different manifestations depending on the disorder, this symptom is emerging as a transdiagnostic construct that can and should be targeted early, given the associations with various maladaptive behaviors as early as childhood and adolescence. As such, our goal was to investigate the psychotherapeutic interventions used to address ED and gauge their effectiveness, safety, and potential mechanisms across various populations. This umbrella systematic review, pre-registered under PROSPERO (registration: CRD42023411452), consolidates evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses on psychotherapeutic interventions targeting ED, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Our synthesis of quantitative and qualitative evidence from 21 systematic reviews (including 11 meta-analyses) points—with moderate overall risk of bias—to the effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in reducing ED in a wide range of adult transdiagnostic psychiatric patients and healthy participants. Similar results have emerged in other less extensively researched methods as well. However, results on adolescents and children are sparse, highlighting the need for additional research to tailor these interventions to the unique challenges of ED in younger populations with diverse externalizing and internalizing disorders. These demonstrated transdiagnostic advantages of psychotherapy for ED underscore the potential for specifically designed interventions that address this issue directly, particularly for high-risk individuals. In these individuals, early interventions targeting transdiagnostic core dimensions may mitigate the emergence of full-blown disorders. Future research on the mediating factors, the durability of intervention effects, and the exploration of understudied interventions and populations may enhance prevention and treatment efficiency, enhancing the quality of life for those affected by varied manifestations of ED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trauma-Informed Behavioral Supports (TIBS) is a novel treatment approach targeting aggression against self or against others in individuals who experience borderline personality disorder (BPD). It is based on applied behavior analysis and uses a person-centered and trauma-informed framework. People with BPD hospitalized because of concerning behaviors, [aggression to others, verbal aggression (e.g., defined as aggression in the forms of verbal threats, etc.), physical aggression, and self-injury, etc.] may experience exacerbations of such behavior in the hospital. Individuals diagnosed with BPD were treated with TIBS to diminish the frequency of concerning behaviors in the context of a pilot study. Functioning during a three-month pre-treatment phase was compared with a six-month treatment phase. The TIBS intervention resulted in statistically significant and clinically meaningful decreases in physical and verbal aggression. The results of this pilot investigation approach suggests that TIBS can promote behavior change in the inpatient setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adolescence is a critical period for social emotional development. The need to focus on social emotional competencies is exacerbated by the COVID 19 pandemic. Objective: This systematic review paper provides a collective account of mindfulness interventions conducted exclusively with adolescent students in an educational setting (mean age 11 to 18) with the sole focus on social emotional and behavioral competencies primarily as outlined by the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (Safe and sound: an educational leader's guide to evidence-based social and emotional learning programs, Author, Chicago, IL, 2003, 2011). Method: Mindfulness literature in the past 15 years, i.e., Jan 2008–Feb 2023 was reviewed. Additionally, the type of intervention implemented, dosage, delivery, measures used, and targets of intervention were examined. All the articles were also assessed for their methodological quality using the EPHPP quality assessment tool for quantitative studies (Effective Public Health Practice Project in Quality assessment tool for quantitative studies, Effective Public Health Practice Project, Hamilton, ON, 1998. https://merst.ca/ephpp/). Results: With less than one third of the 30 included studies rated as strong, there appears to be moderate evidence for the effectiveness of MBIs on adolescent social emotional competencies. Overall, there appears to be mixed evidence for the effectiveness of MBIs on adolescents' self-awareness, social awareness, social skills, with relatively more consistent evidence that MBIs positively impact their self-management (e.g., emotional regulation). We classify broader characteristics of the MBIs that could help explain some of the differences in effectiveness into three categories: intervention implementation related (e.g., dosage), method related (e.g., psychometric properties), and participant related (e.g., age and gender). Conclusion: Future work on MBIs in schools needs to consider the quality of and factors known to impact effective implementation and resultant social emotional outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Youth mental health has declined since the COVID-19 pandemic began. Health coaching and mindfulness-based intervention may support therapeutic processes that promote resilience in the face of risk factors for adverse mental health outcomes. Building Resilience for Healthy Kids (HK) is a school-based intervention designed to support mental health through targeting these processes. Objective: In this study, we tested HK in a pilot randomized controlled trial. Specifically, we examined intervention effects on the theoretically-informed therapeutic processes of emotion regulation, mindfulness, self-efficacy, and resilience and the clinical outcomes of depression and anxiety symptoms. The trial took place between April and June 2021, offering an opportunity to assess the impact of HK in the context of COVID-19. Methods: Participants were early adolescents (N = 230), randomized to HK or assessment-only. Participants in the intervention condition received weekly one-on-one sessions with health coaches. All youth completed validated self-report measures at baseline and post-intervention. Results: Linear mixed effects models indicated that participants who received HK had a greater reduction in emotion regulation difficulties, relative to assessment-only controls (d = 0.84, large effect). Follow-up analyses revealed that youth who endorsed negative affectivity at baseline experienced more benefits than those who did not, and youth who attended more HK sessions increased in self-efficacy, in addition to improved emotion regulation. Intervention effects did not reach significance for other outcomes. Conclusions: Findings suggest that HK may support youth in reducing difficulties in emotion regulation, which are precursors to the development of mental health concerns in adolescence. TRN: NCT04202913, 12/16/2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The link between pain severity, depressive symptomatology and catastrophizing among women with endometriosis is still under-investigated. The aim of this study was to (i) evaluate differences in depressive symptomatology between women with and without endometriosis; (ii) investigate if pain severity is associated with depressive symptoms; and (iii) test if catastrophizing moderates the link between these two variables. A total of 172 women with a diagnosis of endometriosis and 62 healthy controls volunteered for this cross-sectional study. Depressive symptomatology, pain severity, and catastrophizing were assessed. Compared to healthy controls, women with endometriosis were more likely to score above the cutoff for depressive symptomatology, with 60.5% of the latter being classified as having a subthreshold depression or minor depression and 15.7% as having moderate or severe major depression. Pain severity was significantly associated with depressive symptoms even after controlling for several covariates. Finally, the moderation model suggested that among patients with endometriosis, the relationship between pain severity and depressive symptomatology depended on the level of catastrophizing, with this association being stronger for high levels of the moderator. Mental health practitioners working with women with endometriosis may consider those who report high levels of pain severity and of catastrophizing at high risk of depression and are advised to promote adaptive coping strategies among patients to foster a better adaptation to this chronic disease [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adult attachment orientations can influence emotion regulation. Such influence on the tendency to employ two strategies, cognitive reappraisal (which aims to modify emotional experiences) and expressive suppression (which inhibits emotional expression) and later symptoms is understudied. This longitudinal study evaluated indirect associations between adult attachment orientations—with a focus on the dimension of security—and transdiagnostic anxiety and depression symptoms (General Distress; GD) through reappraisal and suppression. Correlational analyses examined cross-sectional associations among constructs across four timepoints. A cross-lagged panel model was fit to examine prospective hypotheses using 30-month longitudinal data from young adults (N = 270 at baseline). Correlational evidence provided support for expected cross-sectional associations. In prospective analyses, there was a significant unique effect of attachment-related avoidance on expressive suppression such that higher attachment-related avoidance predicted higher use of subsequent expressive suppression. There were significant unique effects of emotion regulation on symptoms such that higher reappraisal predicted lower subsequent GD and higher suppression predicted higher subsequent GD. There was no evidence for significant direct or indirect effects of attachment orientations on GD. Results suggest that adult attachment orientation may inform how one expresses emotions in the future, and how one regulates emotions may inform subsequent shared symptoms of depression and anxiety. There was no evidence that attachment orientations informed future transdiagnostic symptoms of depression and anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though sexual minority adolescents face a wide array of deleterious stressors, few studies have examined the role of specific types of stress exposure (i.e., chronic vs. episodic, interpersonal vs. non-interpersonal) on mental health disparities. This study utilizes a contextual threat-based assessment to (a) compare levels of stress exposure types between sexual minority and non-sexual minority adolescents, and (b) examine stress type as a mediator between sexual orientation and two outcomes: depressive symptoms and emotion dysregulation. Data comes from a longitudinal sample (14–17 years-old, N = 241; 17.6% sexual minority; 54% assigned female at birth; 73.9% White), with two time-points (T1 and T2) utilized. Sexual minority adolescents reported higher chronic interpersonal stress, but no differences in non-interpersonal chronic or episodic stress, relative to non-sexual minority adolescents. Chronic interpersonal stress exposure mediated the link between membership in an oppressed group (i.e., sexual minority teens) and the primary outcomes (emotion dysregulation and depressive symptoms) at both T1 and T2. Findings demonstrate the utility of contextual threat-based assessments within sexual minority research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a dearth of psychological interventions for self-harm that have been tested and found acceptable by youth in low- and middle income countries. ĀTMAN (Sanskrit word meaning "self" or "self-existent essence") is one such contextually adapted psychological intervention developed in India. It has three key elements; problem-solving, emotion regulation, and social network strengthening skills. We delivered ATMAN in a series of young people who self-harm to optimize the content, structure and delivery mechanisms, and to assess their experiences of therapy and engagement. ATMAN was delivered sequentially by a psychiatrist and non-specialist counselor in 16 participants between 14 to 24 years who presented to a tertiary level public hospital in Mumbai with self-harm. Quantitative measurement tools included Beck's Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSI), the Patient Health Questionnaire −9 (PHQ-9), Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation, and session feedback form. Qualitative tools included PSYCHLOPS and exit interviews. Eight female and four male participants completed therapy with a mean of five sessions and an average duration of 50 min. There were no differences in module wise feedback ratings of the psychiatrist and counselor. There were significant differences in the pre- and post-therapy scores on BSI (mean difference (confidence interval)) (−16.8 (−20.2, −13.3)) and PHQ-9 (−10.8 (−14.5, −7.04)). Various content modifications were undertaken during this phase. ATMAN was acceptable to youth in India who self-harm. Modifications introduced during pilot trial phase make ATMAN better suited to the needs of the youth. ATMAN has the potential to be delivered by non- specialist counselors and to be integrated at all levels of health care settings including primary health care to reduce the burden of suicide in young people. However, an extended randomized controlled trial of ATMAN treatment with multiple counselors will help in identifying key competencies that should be developed during training and supervision, and various quality assurance measures that can be undertaken for effective implementation of ATMAN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stress during pregnancy can increase physical and mental health risks in parents and offspring. Emotion regulation (ER) may protect against prenatal stress; however, ER is understudied in expectant parents, particularly expectant fathers. This study aimed to evaluate associations between ER strategies (reappraisal, suppression, ratio of suppression-to-reappraisal) and perceived stress among expectant parents, and also test whether expectant mothers and fathers differed in ER strategy use and perceived stress levels. N = 83 expectant parents (62.7% mothers) in the third trimester completed measures assessing perceived stress,reappraisal, and suppression. ANCOVA, hierarchical regression, and multilevel models were used to evaluate associations between ER strategies and perceived stress, and test for sex differences. Controlling for age and education, lower reappraisal and higher suppression were associated with higher perceived stress; in addition, higher suppression-to-reappraisal ratios were associated with greater perceived stress. Mothers and fathers did not differ in perceived stress, reappraisal, or suppression; however, suppression-to-reappraisal ratios significantly differed. Increasing ER skills such as reappraisal while reducing suppression may be beneficial for decreasing stress in expectant parents. Expectant fathers report similar levels of perceived stress to mothers and would benefit from prenatal mental health screening and intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The aims of this study were as follows: (a) to examine the relationship between perceived organizational support and resilience; (b) to investigate the potential mediating role of general self‐efficacy and cognitive reappraisal among emergency nurses who have experienced workplace violence; and (c) to explore the application of Kumpfer's resilience framework to emergency department nurses. Design: A cross‐sectional study. Methods: From February 17, 2021, to March 8, 2021, 825 emergency nurses working in the emergency departments of tertiary hospitals in Shanghai, China, completed an online survey. Data on resilience, organizational support, cognitive reappraisal and general self‐efficacy were collected through questionnaires. The Spearman analysis was employed to investigate the relationship between variables, while the mediation analysis was conducted using AMOS 23.0 statistical software. Results: The findings of a study involving 825 emergency nurses who reported experiencing workplace violence reveal a positive correlation between perceived organizational support and resilience. Additionally, it has been observed that the relationship between these two factors is mediated by both cognitive reappraisal and general self‐efficacy. Furthermore, the mediating effect of cognitive reappraisal is more significant in this relationship. Conclusion: Kumpfer's resilience framework is found to apply to emergency nurses. Perceived organizational support, an environmental factor, affects resilience directly and positively. In addition, cognitive reappraisal and general self‐efficacy, which are individual factors, mediate this influence path. These findings suggest an interaction between environmental and individual factors in determining the resilience of emergency nurses. Impact: These findings have implications for developing resilience intervention strategies for emergency nurses exposed to occupational violence. Enhancing personal attributes such as general self‐efficacy and cognitive reappraisal is as significant as strengthening external organizational support environments for enhancing nurses' resilience. Patient or Public Contribution: Emergency nurses participated in the pilot test of our questionnaire survey and gave their opinions on the questionnaire design. Summary Statement: What is already known about the topic? In emergency rooms, workplace violence is prevalent, and it seriously endangers nurses' physical and mental health. Enhancing resilience can improve nurses' ability to self‐regulate after experiencing violence. However, the drivers and mechanisms of resilience among emergency nurses who have experienced workplace violence remain unidentified. What this paper adds? This study confirms the applicability of Kumpfer's resilience framework to emergency nurses who have experienced workplace violence. Nurses' self‐efficacy and cognitive reappraisal mediate the relationship between perceived organizational support and resilience after exposure to workplace violence. The resilience process for emergency nurses involves the interaction of individual and environmental factors. Implications for practice/policy. Managers and researchers should consider the interaction between individual and environmental factors when developing resilience intervention strategies for emergency nurses who have suffered workplace violence. It is essential to support emergency nurses from the dyadic dimensions of the environment and the individual. A supportive organizational environment and individual positive adjustment strategies are equally important in promoting resilience among nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To synthesize research investigating suicide, suicide attempts, self‐harm and suicide ideation in nursing and midwifery students, a group of interest due to high rates of suicide among qualified nurses. Specific areas of interest for this review included prevalence, factors which may contribute to or mitigate risk and suicide prevention interventions. Design: A systematic review was conducted, and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Data Sources: Three electronic databases were searched, and additional articles identified using hand‐searching. Studies were included if they examined suicide, suicide attempts, self‐harm or suicide ideation in nursing or midwifery students. Review Methods: Studies were deduplicated and assessed for inclusion. Data from included studies were extracted, quality of studies assessed and data synthesized, informed by study focus, design and assessed quality. Results: About 46 studies of largely moderate to low quality were identified. A high‐quality study demonstrated increased risk of suicide in Swedish female nursing students, and increased risk of self‐harm in nursing students of both sexes. Prevalence of suicide ideation did not appear to differ across course year, or between nursing students and students on other programmes. Psychiatric conditions, particularly depression, were associated with suicide ideation. Three studies related to suicide prevention interventions were identified. Integration of wellness initiatives into the curriculum and peer support were preferred interventions among nursing students and teaching staff. Conclusions: To understand the extent of suicide and self‐harm among nursing and midwifery students there is a need for further epidemiological research stratified by programme of study. To develop prevention interventions and initiatives for nursing students, high‐quality longitudinal studies should examine characteristics associated with suicide and self‐harm. Impact: Current findings suggest interventions could include support for students experiencing mental health difficulties, foster peer support, and help develop wellness. No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conflict in peer and family relationships becomes more common in the adolescent period when compared to previous developmental periods. These typical developmental challenges can be exacerbated in the context of poor emotion regulation skills. Using daily diary data, the current study examined the stress spillover effects of peer and family stress on one another, as well as the moderating role of emotion regulation challenges (i.e., emotional inhibition, dysregulation). A sample of 310 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 13.02 years, SD = 0.76 years, 50.7% boys) completed an initial measure of emotion regulation difficulties, then reported on peer and family stress for 10 consecutive weekdays. Results indicated that there was an overall same-day peer stress spillover effect in which adolescents' peer stress on a given day was negatively associated with later conflictual interactions with their parents. Further, the relation between peer stress and same- and next-day family stress was exacerbated in the context of high levels of emotional inhibition. Family stress did not significantly relate to next-day peer stress, nor was this association moderated by difficulties with emotion regulation. These results highlight the temporal sequence of daily peer-to-family stress spillover. Though emotional inhibition may be culturally adaptive for maintaining interpersonal harmony, it can be maladaptive in managing stress for Chinese adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Auditory hallucinations (hearing voices) have been associated with a range of altered cognitive functions, pertaining to signal detection, source-monitoring, memory, inhibition and language processes. Yet, empirical results are inconsistent. Despite this, several theoretical models of auditory hallucinations persist, alongside increasing emphasis on the utility of a multidimensional framework. Thus, clarification of current evidence across the broad scope of proposed mechanisms is warranted. Method: A systematic search of the Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus databases was conducted. Records were screened to confirm the use of an objective behavioural cognitive task, and valid measurement of hallucinations specific to the auditory modality. Results: Auditory hallucinations were primarily associated with difficulties in perceptual decision-making (i.e. reduced sensitivity/accuracy for signal-noise discrimination; liberal responding to ambiguity), source-monitoring (i.e. self–other and temporal context confusion), working memory and language function (i.e. reduced verbal fluency). Mixed or limited support was observed for perceptual feature discrimination, imagery vividness/illusion susceptibility, source-monitoring for stimulus form and spatial context, recognition and recall memory, executive functions (e.g. attention, inhibition), emotion processing and language comprehension/hemispheric organisation. Conclusions: Findings were considered within predictive coding and self-monitoring frameworks. Of concern was the portion of studies which – despite offering auditory-hallucination-specific aims and inferences – employed modality-general measures, and/or diagnostic-based contrasts with psychologically healthy individuals. This review highlights disparities within the literature between theoretical conceptualisations of auditory hallucinations and the body of rigorous empirical evidence supporting such inferences. Future cognitive investigations, beyond the schizophrenia-spectrum, which explicitly define and measure the timeframe and sensory modality of hallucinations, are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to understand the experiences of preschool teachers' outdoor education experiences in their curriculum after taking the Outdoor Education in Early Childhood Course. In this qualitative study, grounded theory was applied to analyzing data that were collected through an open-ended form and individual and focus group interviews. Results consisted of a main category, namely change in the quantity and content of outdoor education. According to the results, the teachers' experiences changed to increase and enrich OE. The study revealed that improving the quantity and content of outdoor education by teachers leads to improvement in three interrelated categories: change in pedagogical approach, personal development, and children's development. These categories are development in coping with obstacles, risky play approach, communication style with children, child-centered practices, self-efficacy, emotional self-regulation, motivation to teach, problem-solving skills, and holistic development of children. Furthermore, all these developments function as mutually reinforcing factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Anxiety is a global problem that is readily treatable with psychosocial interventions, though many individuals do not benefit following participation in extant treatment protocols. Accordingly, clarification of process‐related variables that may be leveraged to enhance outcomes appears warranted. Emotion regulation (ER) is a robust correlate of anxiety symptoms and is often targeted in behavioural treatments applied to anxiety‐related problems. Yet, some evidence suggests ER difficulties may be a proxy variable for emotional avoidance (EA). Clarifying the relative influence of ER and EA on anxiety symptom severity may improve specificity in targeting behavioural processes within psychosocial treatments designed to alleviate anxiety‐related suffering. Accordingly, we examined relations of ER and EA to anxiety symptom severity after accounting for anxiety sensitivity and anxiolytic medication use in a community‐based treatment‐seeking sample. Design: A four‐step hierarchical linear regression analysis of cross‐sectional data provided by a community‐based treatment‐seeking sample. Methods: Totally, 120 participants (Mage = 39.18; Female = 58.3%) completed a questionnaire packet upon intake to an anxiety disorders clinic. Results: EA and ER were strongly correlated, and each accounted for significant variance over and above model covariates. EA was a dominant risk factor for anxiety symptom severity, as ER was not a significant predictor (p =.073) following the inclusion of EA in the model (p =.006). Conclusions: EA appears to be a dominant risk factor, and ER a proxy risk factor, for anxiety symptom severity. EA may be an avenue for greater treatment specificity for those with anxiety symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored educators' perspectives on the role the physical and sensory Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) environment plays in supporting children's social and emotional development. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted, in August 2022, at two ECEC sites in Victoria, Australia. Data were thematically analysed and key findings suggest children engage and interact with their environment to facilitate opportunities for social interactions and emotional regulation. Environmental stimuli can have a positive and negative influence on children's social and emotional competence. Educators reported lack of resources, building design, and limited staffing were barriers to using the environment. Reflective practice, collaboration within teams and services, and access to resources strengthened the use of the environment in everyday practice. Optimal environments rely on educator reflections and responsivity to adapt the environment to the needs of the children utilising the space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotion suppression may be linked to poor health outcomes through elevated stress-related physiology. The current meta-analyses investigate the magnitude of the association between suppression and physiological responses to active psychological stress tasks administered in the laboratory. Relevant articles were identified through Medline, PsychINFO, PubMed, and ProQuest. Studies were eligible if they (a) used a sample of healthy, human subjects; (b) assessed physiology during a resting baseline and active psychological stress task; and (c) measured self-report or experimentally manipulated suppression. Twenty-four studies were identified and grouped within two separate random effects meta-analyses based on study methodology, namely, manipulated suppression (k = 12) and/or self-report (k = 14). Experimentally manipulated suppression was associated with greater physiological stress reactivity compared to controls (Hg = 0.20, 95% CI [0.08, 0.33]), primarily driven by cardiac, hemodynamic, and neuroendocrine parameters. Self-report trait suppression was not associated with overall physiological stress reactivity but was associated with greater neuroendocrine reactivity (r = 0.08, 95% CI [0.01, 0.14]). Significant moderator variables were identified (i.e., type/duration of stress task, nature of control instructions, type of physiology, and gender). This review suggests that suppression may exacerbate stress-induced physiological arousal; however, this may differ based upon the chosen methodological assessment of suppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the extent to which pain acceptance, pain catastrophising and alexithymia moderate associations between pain intensity and psychological pain medication dependence. Methods: Participants (106 hospital outpatients with chronic spinal pain) completed the Leeds Dependence Questionnaire (LDQ) to measure psychological dependence on pain medication, and the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire-8 (CPAQ-8), the Pain Catastrophising Scale (PCS) and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20), plus the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Results: Multiple linear regression showed that degree of psychological dependence (measured dimensionally across the range of LDQ scores) was associated with TAS subscale difficulty identifying feelings (DIF) (β = 0.249, p = <0.002) and PCS subscale rumination (β = 0.193, p = 0.030), independently of pain intensity and risk behaviors for medication misuse. The effect of pain intensity was moderated by rumination, with pain intensity more strongly associated with dependence when rumination was high (interaction β = 0.192, p = 0.004). Logistic regression showed that the effect of pain intensity on severe dependence (measured categorically as LDQ score ≥ 20) was moderated by alexithymia, so that severe dependence was independently associated with the combination of intense pain and high alexithymia (interaction odds ratio = 7.26, 95% CIs = 1.63–32.42, p = 0.009). Conclusions: Rumination and alexithymia moderated the associations between pain intensity and psychological pain medication dependence, consistent with emotion regulation theory. This raises the possibility that specifically targeting rumination about pain and symptoms of alexithymia could potentially improve the effectiveness of psychological interventions for chronic pain and help people to avoid or reduce their psychological dependence on pain medication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Savoring is a positive emotion up‐regulation technique that can increase electrocortical and self‐reported valence and arousal to positive and neutral pictures, with effects persisting to increase response to the same stimuli when encountered later. Outside of the lab, emotion regulation techniques that persist to affect not just encounters with the same stimuli but also encounters with similar, but previously unencountered stimuli should save individuals time and effort. Here, we used event‐related potentials and picture ratings to test whether savoring would generalize to similar, but previously unseen positive pictures. To this end, 89 participants (56 female; M age = 18.96 years, SD = 1.87) were asked to savor positive pictures from one category (e.g., happy people) and to view positive pictures from another category (e.g., cute animals), as well as to view neutral pictures (e.g., plants). In a subsequent passive picture viewing task, participants viewed novel pictures from all three categories (i.e., happy people, cute animals, plants). In the first task, savoring was effective for pictures of animals throughout picture presentation, but only for pictures of people during the later part of picture presentation. In the second task, savoring generalized to novel pictures of animals, though this was only evident in the early portion of picture processing (and for self‐reported ratings). Therefore, savoring holds promise as a useful technique for increasing positive emotion in everyday life, though more work is needed to understand whether effects may vary depending on different types of picture content. We tested whether savoring, a technique for increasing positive emotion, would generalize to novel, similar stimuli, thereby saving individuals time and effort. Participants performed a savor and view task, before viewing similar pictures in a passive view task. Results showed that pictures resembling those that had previously been savored elicited increased late positive potentials and more emotional ratings than pictures resembling those that had been viewed. Nonetheless, effects were specific to certain picture content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insomnia as a disorder on its own or as a symptom of other mental disorders can lead to significant distress and lower quality of life. By exacerbating negative affect and emotion dysregulation, poor sleep and insomnia can contribute to the initiation and maintenance of mental disorders. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between insomnia severity and overall psychiatric symptoms (anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, somatization, phobic anxiety, hostility, interpersonal sensitivity, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism), and the mediational roles of worry and rumination in this relationship. The data was collected from a community sample of 1444 participants (females 69.39%, Mage = 27.95, SD = 9.37) who completed self-report measures of insomnia severity, worry, rumination, and psychiatric symptoms. The mediational roles of worry and rumination were tested with mediation analysis using the PROCESS Macro. It was found that insomnia severity (β = 0.20, p <.001) significantly predicted psychiatric symptoms directly and via worry and rumination (β = 0.33, p <.001), meaning that worry and rumination partially mediated the relationship between insomnia severity and psychiatric symptoms. The findings were similar after controlling for smoking status, daily screen time, coffee consumption in the evening, weekly exercise frequency, and pre-sleep screen time. Interventions targeting the reduction of insomnia severity and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (e.g., worry and rumination), as well as the enhancement of adaptive emotion regulation strategies (e.g., positive refocusing and mindfulness), may alleviate the adverse effects of insomnia on psychiatric symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a pressing need for effective treatments that address the high rate of suicide observed among people with psychosis. In this scoping review we highlight two suicidogenic treatment targets that have been relatively neglected in people with psychotic disorders: emotional distress and emotion dysregulation. We review the research on these constructs in psychosis and their relationship to suicide in this population, and then make clinical recommendations based on research findings. Emotional distress and emotional dysregulation may be promising treatment targets for suicide among people with psychosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological counselling represents sensitive frontline services for the detection and treatment of early signs of distress in students. This study aims to assess psychological distress in medical students at the beginning of their academic career and the access rate to a counselling service during medical school. Predictors of access to the service and the effectiveness of the service were also explored. Distress and emotional dysregulation were measured in three consecutive cohorts of first-year students (n = 385, 53% female). Students accessing the counselling service at any time during the 6 years of medical school all completed the same baseline measurements and a pre/post assessment of the intervention. Nearly one-third of first-year students reported levels of distress above the clinical cutoff. The access rate to the counselling service was 13.9%. Only 21% of the students with clinical levels of distress contacted the counselling service. Living alone and having high distress at the beginning of the medical course were the main predictors of access to the service. Students reported a significant reduction of distress and dysregulation after counselling interventions. More efforts are needed to develop effective tools for identifying and tracking medical students in psychological hardship and to increase their willingness to attend the counselling services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aimed to examine the extent to which the relationship between state anxiety and psychological well-being was moderated by emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) during the COVID-19 outbreak. The data set included 520 participants from Turkish university students (282 females, 238 males) aged 18 to 25 (Mage = 21,04 years, SD = 1,59). The study was conducted utilizing a web-based cross-sectional research design. The self-reported questionnaires were administered to the participants via Google Forms with a socio-demographic information sheet. The snowball sampling strategy was employed. The findings showed significant relationships among state anxiety, emotion regulation strategies, and psychological well-being. More importantly, emotion regulation strategies moderated the relationship between state anxiety and psychological well-being. The negative relationship between state anxiety and psychological well-being appeared to increase if individuals utilized low levels of cognitive reappraisal and high levels of expressive suppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer survivors experience both physical and cognitive changes after treatment that can impact their vocational well-being should they decide to return to work. In this article, we explore the ways in which career counselling interventions can address the challenges faced by cancer survivors as they re-enter the workforce. Four major career-related issues are outlined: physical functioning abilities, changes in cognitive functioning, changing perspectives and support. These issues are addressed using life-career transition and career counselling theories. Theory-informed helping strategies are considered for career counselling cancer survivors as they improve their vocational life and other aspects of personal well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The objective of this study is to evaluate the concordance of predicted maturity status classifications (pre-, circa-, or post-peak height velocity (PHV)) relative to observed age at PHV in youth soccer players. Methods: Longitudinal height records for 124 male soccer players were extracted from academy records spanning the 2000 to 2022 seasons. Age at PHV for each player was estimated with the Superimposition by Translation and Rotation model. Players were classified as pre-, circa-, or post-PHV using both ±1- and ±0.5-yr criteria to define the circa-PHV interval. Maturity status was estimated with several prediction protocols: maturity offset (Mirwald, Moore-1, Moore-2), maturity ratio (Fransen), and percentage of predicted adult height (PAH%) using the Khamis-Roche and Tanner-Whitehouse 2 equations using several bands: 85% to 96%, 88% to 96%, 88% to 93%, and 90% to 93% for the circa-PHV interval, and visual evaluation of individual growth curves alone or with PAH% based on Khamis-Roche and Tanner-Whitehouse 2. Concordance of maturity status classifications based on complete growth curves and predicted estimates of maturity status was addressed with percentage agreement and Cohen's kappa. Results: Visual evaluation of the growth curves had the highest concordance (≈80%) with maturity status classifications (pre-, circa-, post-PHV) based on longitudinal data for individual players. Predicted maturity offset with the Mirwald, Moore-1, and Fransen equations misclassified about one-third to one-half of the players, whereas concordance based on PAH% varied with the band used, but not with the method of height prediction. Conclusions: Visual assessment of the individual growth curves by an experienced assessor provides an accurate estimate of maturity status relative to PHV. Maturity offset prediction equations misclassify the majority of players, whereas PAH% provides a reasonably valid alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) is a popular treatment that targets emotional dysregulation, a key feature associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The majority of available literature exploring the effectiveness of DBT is based on research concerning female samples. Therefore, the application and efficacy of DBT as a treatment intervention for men and boys remains unclear. Methods: Multiple research databases were searched using a systematic review process for articles that reported on the use of DBT with male samples across any outcome measure and included pre‐ and post‐treatment symptom scores. Results: Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies indicated that the application of DBT to male samples varies. Vast differences were found in treatment length, use of DBT modes and population settings. Most studies identified some benefits of DBT; however, the sample sizes were small and there was large heterogeneity across the studies. Conclusions: There is preliminary evidence supporting the use of DBT for males, specifically targeting anger and violence as well as emotional dysregulation and suicidality. Despite this, the limitations and heterogeneity from the current studies preclude the current review from drawing any definitive conclusions about the overall efficacy of the treatment in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With modern societies becoming ever-increasingly interconnected due to technology and media, we have gained unprecedented access and exposure to other people's lives. This has resulted in a greater desire to constantly be socially connected with the activities of others, or the fear of missing out (FoMO). While much of the present available research has established the association between FoMO and diminished emotional well-being, little has been done to identify protective factors that can help one cope with the negative psychological consequences of FoMO. Utilizing data from a 7-day diary study of a large sample of young adults (N = 261), the current study aimed to examine the moderating role of cognitive reappraisal in attenuating diminished emotional well-being associated with FoMO. Multilevel modeling showed that cognitive reappraisal attenuated the day-to-day within-person associations between daily FoMO and indicators of daily emotional well-being such as negative affectivity, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed at (1) identifying the emotion regulation processes that can explain the trait hedonism positive emotions relationship, and (2) determining whether this relationship varies according to which part of the distribution of positive emotions is considered. To this end, the intensity of the positive emotions felt by 84 adult participants, and the intensity of their engagement in savoring, were assessed twice a day over a month period, using an Experience Sampling Method. Participants' distributions of these variables were then related to their level of trait hedonism, assessed with a common questionnaire. Results suggested that, as expected, the trait hedonism positive emotions relationship varied according to which part of the distribution of positive emotions was considered. In their worst times (i.e., first centiles of each individual's distribution), individuals with low versus high trait hedonism differed very little from each other. By contrast, in more favorable times (i.e., following centiles), individuals with high levels of trait hedonism experienced more intense positive emotions than individuals with low levels of trait hedonism. This phenomenon was mediated by individuals' engagement in savoring. These results are discussed in light of current theories on emotion dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With 7.3% of children under the age of 18 experiencing the death of a parent and more who experience a loss of a loved one bereavement is a common experience in the lives of children and youth. The current study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of an 8-week, school-based grief group treatment program in reducing symptoms of grief, dysregulation, and improving social support. A total of 296 children and youth (age 11–18) participated in the grief programming provided by a local hospice agency. With a retention rate of 76% the researchers identified a significant reduction in grief symptomology, frequency of emotion dysregulation, and a significant increase in perceived social support from pre- to post-8-week school-based grief programming. A reduction in intensity of dysregulation was not significant. Implications for school personnel and parental support of children and youth experiencing loss are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed how clinical anxiety, anxiety about aging, and death anxiety related to one another and to intrapersonal functioning. Older adults completed the Geriatric Anxiety Scale, Anxiety About Aging Scale, Death Anxiety Scale-Extended, and Intrapersonal Problems Rating Scale. Clinical anxiety was strongly correlated with anxiety about aging (r =.50) and death anxiety (r =.59), and anxiety about aging and death anxiety were strongly positively correlated with each other (r =.51). Intrapersonal problems were significantly and strongly positively correlated with clinical anxiety (r =.79), anxiety about aging (r =.50), and death anxiety (r =.56). Multiple regression results showed that the three types of anxiety accounted for a large amount of variance in intrapersonal problems. Findings suggest strong comorbidities between diverse forms of anxiety with some unique features. Intrapersonal deficits may be prominent in the presence of diverse forms of anxiety. Screening should consider these relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children of parents with emotion regulation (ER) difficulties may be at heightened risk for internalizing and externalizing problems, and maternal invalidation may explain this association. The current study used a cross-informant design to test the indirect effect of clinician-rated maternal ER difficulties on teacher-reported internalizing and externalizing problems through maternal invalidation. This risk pathway was tested in two groups of preschoolers: children of mothers with ER difficulties and children of mothers without ER difficulties (healthy controls; HC). Participants were 85 mothers (Mage =33.30 years; 36% racial/ethnic minoritized status) and their children (Mage =4234 months; 47% racial/ethnic minoritized status). Maternal ER difficulties had a significant indirect effect on child internalizing problems and externalizing problems, specifically aggressive behavior, through maternal invalidation. Specifically, mothers with ER difficulties reported more maternal invalidation, and their children exhibited more internalizing problems and aggressive behavior in a preschool/daycare setting, pointing to multiple avenues for prevention and intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research indicates that the suicide attempt rate among American Muslims is at least twice the rate of the national US average and follows a different trend of suicide behavior compared to other groups. Religious leaders, such as Imams, are commonly sought out for support, but many lack training in mental health crisis management. The Stanford Muslim Mental Health and Islamic Psychology Lab created the Muslim Community Suicide Response Manual and its accompanying training modules to address this issue. This paper describes the creation, evolution, and future directions of the Suicide Response Training from an Islamic perspective to reduce suicide risk in Muslim communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spiritual well-being is a phenomenon that enhances the quality of life and acts as a protective factor against stress and negative emotions. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether childhood psychological maltreatment is related to spiritual well-being and whether intolerance of uncertainty and emotion regulation serially mediate this relationship. The study sample comprised 330 participants aged between 18 and 55 years from 46 out of the 81 cities in Türkiye. The study participants completed the Psychological Maltreatment Questionnaire, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, Emotion Regulation Scale, and Spiritual Well-Being Scale, a scale derived from the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being that measures spiritual well-being by using the conceptualization of meaning and peace. The data obtained were analyzed using a two-step structural equation modeling approach, which indicated that childhood psychological maltreatment has an association with spiritual well-being, and this relationship is mediated by both intolerance of uncertainty and emotion regulation. The findings are discussed in the context of the literature on spiritual well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Positive emotions inhibit pain, whereas negative emotions facilitate pain. Thus, many psychosocial interventions capitalize on this emotion-pain relationship to improve patients' abilities to regulate emotion (ie, reduce negative emotion, increase positive emotion), influence nociception, and manage pain. This study extended the existing literature to examine whether emotion regulation procedures could influence emotional modulation of the nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR), a marker of spinal nociception. To elicit emotion, 2 blocks of pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant pictures were presented. In block 1, participants were asked to passively view pictures during which painful electric stimulations were delivered to evoke pain and the NFR. Valence, arousal, corrugator electromyogram, and skin conductance response were used to measure emotional responses to pictures. To manipulate emotion regulation, participants were randomized to either suppress (downregulate) or enhance (upregulate) their emotion during block 2 (other procedures same as block 1). Instructions to suppress decreased subjective and physiological responding to emotional pictures, reduced emotional modulation of pain, and generally decreased NFR magnitude (regardless of picture content). Instructions to enhance emotion increased subjective responding to emotional pictures but did not alter physiological responding to pictures or emotional modulation of pain/NFR in predictable ways. Results imply that downregulation/suppression of negative emotions may work best to reduce pain facilitation. Furthermore, this study contributes to the existing literature that shows that pain and pain signaling is tightly coupled with emotional states and that emotion regulation can impact pain perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humor is an effective strategy in regulating emotion. Whereas most previous studies have investigated the correlational relationship between self-directed humor and mental health, it is largely unknown whether self-directed humor causally regulates emotions. The purpose of this study is to examine the causal effect of two types of self-directed humor (self-enhancing vs. self-defeating) on emotion regulation. Initially, participants (N = 75, Mage = 20.31 ± 1.19 years, 62.67% female) were asked to immerse themselves in negative scenes by reading paragraphs. They then rated their feelings of positive and negative emotions before and after reading sentences of different conditions (including baseline, cognitive reappraisal, self-enhancing humor, and self-defeating humor) that randomly matched the scenes. Humor feelings for strategies were rated in the last stage. Results of ANOVA indicated that compared to the baseline, participants experienced an increase in positive emotion and a decrease in negative emotion in the other three conditions. Self-enhancing humor was the most effective in regulating emotion, whereas no significant difference was observed between self-defeating humor and cognitive reappraisal. Furthermore, participants reported that the feeling of humor from self-enhancing humor was higher than from self-defeating humor, as well as from cognitive reappraisal than in the baseline. Mediation analysis suggested that the difference in humor feelings might be due to the changes in positive and negative emotions caused by different conditions. In short, the findings demonstrate that different styles of self-directed humor can causally regulate emotions, and this paper provides new evidence for using self-directed humor to improve emotional well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates how formal versus informal supervisor support behaviours shape employees' affect‐ and cognition‐based trust across cultures of varying power distance. Using data from in‐depth interviews, Study 1 found that trust‐enhancing supervisor behaviours were more formal, status conscious and imposing in India (a high power distance culture) than in the Netherlands (a low power distance culture); unlike in India, supervisors acted more like friends or equals with their subordinates in the Netherlands. Using vignettes, Study 2 found that, compared to informal support behaviours, formal support behaviours increased both affect‐ and cognition‐based trust among Indian participants, but among US participants, formal support behaviours only increased cognition‐based trust. Study 3 conceptually replicated those findings by manipulating power distance in an organization. Together, the findings from these three studies suggest that supervisors' formal socio‐emotional support behaviours are particularly effective in increasing affect‐based trust in societal and organizational cultures that are high power distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotion regulation deficits, particularly in cognitive reappraisal, are crucial in depression and anxiety. However, research on the neural mechanisms of implicit emotion regulation is lacking, and it remains unclear whether these mechanisms are shared or distinct between the two disorders. We investigated the neural mechanisms of implicit cognitive reappraisal in 28 individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD), 25 with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and 30 healthy controls (HC) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Participants completed an implicit cognitive reappraisal task and underwent neuropsychological and clinical assessments. We found that MDD patients reported higher levels of rumination and lower utilization of cognitive reappraisal, while GAD patients reported reduced use of perspective-taking. Notably, both MDD and GAD patients exhibited decreased activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) compared to HC participants during implicit cognitive reappraisal. Specifically, inadequate OFC activation was observed in MDD patients, while GAD patients demonstrated OFC deactivation during the task. Furthermore, DLPFC activation showed a negative correlation with depression severity in MDD patients, while OFC activation was positively correlated with perspective-taking in GAD patients. fNIRS has limited depth and spatial resolution. Our fNIRS study is the first to reveal shared and distinct neurobiological profiles of depression and anxiety in implicit emotion regulation. These findings underscore the significance of reduced DLPFC/OFC activation in emotion regulation impairment and highlight unique OFC activation patterns in these disorders. These insights have potential implications for developing cognitive-behavioral therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation as treatment approaches. • fNIRS reveals emotion regulation mechanisms in depression and anxiety. • Shared reduced DLPFC and OFC activation observed in MDD and GAD patients • Abnormal OFC activation distinguishes MDD from GAD. • Prefrontal dysfunction informs strategies for anxiety and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) present deficits in regulation of their emotions which have a great impact on their mental health and well-being. There are several studies showing the connection between executive functions deficits and emotion dysregulation in the context of an ASD diagnosis. Our study aims to investigate which among the executive functions can predict the emotional dysregulation in children with ASD, if there is an association between the ASD specific characteristics and their ability to regulate their emotions and to identify if there are possible mediators of this relationship. To reach our objective, we enrolled 60 children with ASD (mean age 8.5 years) whose parents completed standardised measurements for executive functions, emotional dysregulation, and ASD characteristics. We found a positive association between ASD characteristics' severity and emotional dysregulation, as well as some significant predictors among specific executive functions and emotional dysregulation. Moreover, executive functioning mediates the relationship between the ASD characteristics and emotion regulation. Our research provides a better understanding of the relationship between ASD characteristics, executive functions, and emotion regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pre‐service teachers have been identified as a risk group for developing burnout syndromes over the course of their careers due to increased perceived psychological distress and, in particular, if there is a lack of coping strategies. To provide pre‐service teachers with appropriate techniques and concepts that can be successfully applied in educational and work contexts, an online positive psychology intervention was designed to improve participants' resilience, in particular their self‐efficacy, emotion regulation and ability to cope. Linear mixed models that simultaneously analyse variability between subjects and over time revealed that pre‐service teachers who participated in the intervention benefited from the programme with respect to an increase of their emotion regulation strategies, self‐efficacy and ability to cope compared to the control group—although at baseline, they exhibited less beneficial emotion regulation, self‐efficacy and ability to cope. The findings suggest that such positive psychology interventions could help pre‐service teachers build their resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Resilience is an increasingly used term in medicine and subject to various definitions, often not easy to grasp. There are established core concepts for patients receiving palliative care, for example, meaning in life, that have already been researched a lot. Resilience, relative to these concepts, is a new object of research in palliative care, where it has so far been used predominantly with regard to the well-being of teams. Aim: To explore how experts in palliative care define the concept of resilience and its suitability for patients, significant others, and professionals. Design: Qualitative study using summarizing content analysis according to Mayring. Setting/participants: Twenty-one health and social care professionals with expertise caring for persons with life-threatening/limiting illnesses and their relatives were interviewed in three individual interviews and four focus groups. All conversations were recorded, transcribed, coded via MAXQDA, and validated by another researcher. Results: Resilience has been described as something procedural, dynamic, individual, and flexible. In connection with well-known concepts such as posttraumatic growth or terms from the field of mindfulness, social environment or personal factors have also been linked to resilience. Resources such as spirituality can contribute to resilience, and resilience itself can function as a resource, for example, by contributing to quality of life. An active use of the term in practical work with patients or relatives is rare, but it is used in education or team measures. Limited lifespan can pose a challenge to an active use of the concept of resilience. Conclusion: Resilience as a very individual approach provides added value to other core concepts of palliative care. Within the palliative context, the normative dimension of resilience must be well reflected. A broader definition of resilience is recommended, leaving room for everyone to find their own form of resilience. The concept of resilience in palliative care includes opportunities as well as risks and should, therefore, be implemented carefully, requiring specific training. Plain language summary: What experts think about resilience in palliative care Why was this study done? Resilience is described as a process of coping with stress or adversity while remaining physically and mentally functional. Resilience is subject to a range of definitions. In the context of palliative care, where many other concepts, such as meaning in life, are already used, the definition of resilience also represents a challenge. We wanted to learn how people working in palliative care, defined by us as experts, understand and use the concept of resilience. In addition, there are three different target groups for resilience: patients, significant others and professionals. We wanted to learn about the differences in the application of resilience to these groups. What did the researchers do? We conducted interviews with a total of 21 experts in individual and group settings (so-called focus groups). All interviews and focus groups were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim to analyse them precisely using qualitative methods. What did the researchers find? This study shows how resilience is understood in the work field of the participants: namely as something procedural, dynamic, individual and flexible but normative at the same time. Factors such as the social environment, the number and intensity of crises already experienced (known as the idea of posttraumatic growth), aspects from the field of mindfulness or spirituality can contribute to developing resilience, which is why we call these things resources for resilience. Experts use the term resilience less in their daily work with patients or significant others, but more in education. What do the findings mean? The concept of resilience in palliative care involves both risks and opportunities. Practical work with the concept has to be well reflected and must be applied sensitively. Therefore, it is essential that professional as well as informal caregivers receive specific training that also includes respect for each individual's personal concept of resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Background Method Results Conclusion This study aimed to explore the efficiency of different emotion regulation strategies, specifically reappraisal and suppression, in relation to adaptive and maladaptive personality profiles.Personality conditions emotions and influences emotion regulation. Of the available regulation strategies, reappraisal (reinterpreting the situation) is described as an efficient strategy, whereas suppression (not displaying the experienced emotion) carries higher physiological and cognitive costs. Little is known, however, about the influence of personality on these efficiencies.We tested the personality structure of 102 participants (Meanage = 20.75, SDage = 2.15), based on the Five‐Factor Model and the Maladaptive Personality Trait Model. Experience, expressivity, and physiological arousal were recorded during the viewing of emotionally charged positive and negative images while participants reappraised, suppressed, or viewed the images without regulating their emotions.We identified two clusters for adaptive personality (“Adaptive Resilient” and “Anti‐resilient”) and two for maladaptive personality (“Maladaptive Resilient” and “Under‐controlled”). The major finding was for emotional experience in maladaptive personalities, where reappraisal was efficient in the Maladaptive Resilient profile, while none of the strategies brought relief in the Under‐controlled profile.This study, which systematically contrasts personality and efficiency of emotion regulation strategies, is one of the first attempts to refine the understanding of how personality influences the emotional regulation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study investigated the role of emotion regulation in relation to the links between fear of missing out (i.e., FOMO) and two components of problematic internet use: problematic social media use and doomscrolling. Methods: Participants (N = 603, Mage = 30.41, SDage = 7.64; 49.1% male-identifying) completed measures of fear of missing out, intrapersonal and interpersonal emotion regulation, and problematic social media use, and doomscrolling. A parallel mediation model was tested to examine the nature of the associations between fear of missing out, intrapersonal, and interpersonal emotion regulation, in accounting for variance in the outcome measures. Results: Analyses revealed that the effect of fear of missing out on problematic social media use was fully mediated by both intrapersonal and interpersonal emotion regulation. In contrast, the effect on doomscrolling was fully mediated by intrapersonal emotion regulation only. Conclusions: Findings clarify the role of emotion regulation in explaining the relationship between fear of missing out and two types of problematic internet use, indicating a need to consider individual differences in emotion regulation in an evolving social media landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]