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US policies of immigrant exclusion evolved from the so-called Asiatic barred zone of 1917 to the Asian 'triangle', but also included people of the Island Pacific. In the latter case, the test for eligibility to enter the United States (US) as a potential citizen was race based. World War II induced pressures by US citizens in the occupying armed forces for marriage to both Asian and Pacific Island women. Internal lobbying in the US plus diplomatic expediency resulted in some post-war relaxation of the ban on Asian immigration via marriage. In New Zealand there was at least one challenge to the extent of the Pacific boundary of the Western Hemisphere wherein greater mobility of migrants was acceptable to the US government. Political Cold War pressure, more than geographic boundaries, proved eventually more potent for potential immigration via marriage but this was too late for most Pacific partners of US servicemen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonwhite women still commonly work as maids in white or affluent South African households despite the fall of apartheid more than twenty years ago. Their employers provide insight into the renegotiation of privilege when they move to a country that has different understandings of race and servitude. The accounts of eight white South African immigrants living in New Zealand are here deconstructed via Foucauldian discourse analysis. As these immigrants reflect on their past, they camouflage an oppressive and prejudicial relationship through notions of friendship and compassion. Their struggles with opposing ideologies reveal well-rehearsed racial scripts, which buffer the impact of white supremacy that is culturally inappropriate in New Zealand. These scripts suggest that South African emigrants take their "post" apartheid space with them, challenging a status quo that transcends spatial boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contested terrain surrounding globalization, migration, citizenship, and national identity shape the context in which modern sport celebrity develops in Asia. Focusing on female golf phenomenon Lydia Ko, the analysis locates her celebrity and national identity between her place of birth – Korea – and her place of citizenship – New Zealand. Several intersecting factors influenced Ko's celebrity and identity construction including changes in New Zealand immigration policy, changes in Korean state policy towards overseas nationals, negatively viewed attitudes and behaviours of previous foreign-born celebrities of Korean-descent, and Ko's own public proclamations regarding her national identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article critically analyses the shift of New Zealand's immigration policy since 1986 towards favouring temporary labour migration. The discussion centres on the Working Holiday Scheme (WHS), which allows young adults, mostly from developed countries, to live as both economically active holiday-makers and as temporary labour migrants. The WHS is discussed in terms of its expansion, age-sex composition, and surrounding issues of unfair migrant treatment and sustainable economic development. Future research directions and policy recommendations are suggested in light of concerns over the infrastructural and wider societal impacts of historically high immigration and new governmental promises to reduce migration following the September 2017 general election. The article ultimately aims to highlight WHS participants as an important but relatively understudied group and to contribute to a better understanding of new and complex forms of contemporary temporary labour migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In September 2015, and in response to the Syrian refugee crisis, there were widespread calls in New Zealand urging the Government to raise its annual Refugee Quota. Māori Party coleader Marama Fox argued that New Zealand could afford to take on more refugees as part of its global citizenship and suggested that New Zealand's policy might be shaped by manaaki. The Māori concept of manaaki is most often translated as hospitality, care-giving, and compassion. This article draws on recent Māori scholarship that also situates manaaki as a social justice concept through its focus on enhancing the dignity and rights of others. This article explores the potential implications of manaaki and the reciprocal understandings underscoring this term through a brief and preliminary analysis of New Zealand refugee theatre. The article provides a context to this analysis by providing a brief survey of refugee theatre productions staged in New Zealand in recent years. To what extent has manaaki shaped the theatre staged in Aotearoa/New Zealand engaging with asylum seekers and refugees? In what ways might manaaki provide for a different 'envisioning of asylum'? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the role of New Zealand in formation of the state of Israel and its relationship with Israel. Topics discussed include passing Resolution 181 by United Nations (UN) General Assembly with support of New Zealand's UN representative Carl Berendsen; New Zealand sponsored UN Security Council Resolution 2334 on violation of international law and undermine a two-state solution in the Israel-Palestine conflict; and problem of Jewish immigration to New Zealand.

This article examines the Russian diaspora in New Zealand over the last 30 years. Using migration statistics and census data, post-communist migration trends and socio-economic outcomes of immigration from Russia to New Zealand are analyzed, to establish an empirical base for further qualitative and comparative investigation of the settlement experiences of Russian immigrants in New Zealand. Results reveal that the Russian diaspora has been growing, demonstrating spatial clustering in urban centers with the highest concentration in Auckland. While Russian immigrants have a high level of educational qualifications, their labor market outcomes have been weak and their income is lagging behind that of the New Zealand-born population and of migrants born in other countries. An over-representation of working-age female migrants is a distinctive feature of the Russian diaspora. Further research on the changing migration pathways and settlement strategies of the Russian immigrants in New Zealand is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1.5 generation migrants are often presented by scholars as the vanguard of new cosmopolitan possibilities. Their hybrid identities and intercultural competencies are viewed as evidence for new ways of approaching difference in diverse societies. This paper examines these claims in relation to Chinese 1.5 generation migrants in New Zealand, focusing on their experiences of negotiating the family and early life, and possibilities for becoming cosmopolitan. By drawing insights from ‘everyday cosmopolitanism’, we examine how hybrid identities both facilitate and undermine capacities to overcome difference and alter the power dynamics within social worlds. This demonstrates that everyday cosmopolitanism is not easily achieved but rather oscillates around strategies for fitting in that sometimes reinforce uneven social positions. We argue for caution in accounts of the 1.5 generation and recognition of the ways that cosmopolitanism is socially situated, subject to the multiple pressures, and enacted within the uneven power relations of society. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

According to the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, India is now the largest source-country of migrants approved for residence in New Zealand under the Skilled Migrant Category. In this context, many Indian international students have transitioned to temporary work and permanent residence. Drawing on data from 18 interviews with former Indian international students who have since gained permanent residence in New Zealand, the paper examines how social capital in the form of social networks is important for migrant students in finding suitable employment and transitioning to permanent residence. Emphasis is placed not only on how social networks facilitate and structure their opportunities for permanent settlement in New Zealand, but also in providing support in their transition from temporary to permanent settlers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the attitudes and experiences of emigrants who voyaged from Britain and Ireland to New Zealand in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It uses shipboard diaries, correspondence, official reports, newspaper accounts and the oral testimony of emigrants to investigate whether the journey was typically an ordeal or adventure, and examines elements of continuity, change and distinctiveness in emigrants’ and officials’ narratives during more than a century of sea travel. After contextualising New Zealand’s place in the history of emigrant transportation, the key issues are scrutinised through the lens of three chronologically structured sub-themes: preparing to leave and embarking; a core section on life at sea; and a few observations on the journey’s end. Painful leave-taking was a timeless problem, as were interpersonal tensions on board, but other experiences were affected by changing technologies and a relaxation in cultural expectations. The maintenance of order and discipline characterised Victorian voyages, which were also overshadowed by fears of shipwreck, physical and mental illness, and death. By the end of the nineteenth century, technological advances were making the journey increasingly comfortable, and by the mid-twentieth century, it was generally seen as a pleasurable, responsibility-free holiday. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article talks about childbirth during voyages to New Zealand during the nineteenth century. Topics discussed include poems by Elizabeth Bowring on the arrival of a child and on migrants' joy on first seeing their new country, childbirth offering a glimpse into the sexual world of migrants, and sexuality taking place outside of the family generating concerns about social order in the U.S.

On the face of it, neoliberalism and race are distinct paradigms. Yet, evidence shows that, neoliberal policy profoundly influences, and is influenced by, racial politics. The present paper examines the articulation of these two ‘frames’ in the specific case of migration policies in New Zealand. Since the mid-1980s, immigration policy in New Zealand has clearly worked towards neoliberal goals of attracting skilled labour and boosting economic productivity. Equally, it has also mirrored race politics. Contrary to existing research that sees migration policy as a tool to ‘whiten the population’, this paper highlights a more complex inter-weaving between neoliberalism and race politics in New Zealand's migration policy. Focusing notionally on the construction of the ‘desirable migrant’, the analysis shows that while desirability was marked by race throughout the mid-1990s, in the new century, the interplay between race and economics has become far more complicated. In what seems to be an emerging form of new race politics, the desirable migrant is constructed as someone who shares similarities in global, consumptive ‘culture’, regardless of race. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article talks about the 1920 Immigration Restriction Amendment Act (IRAA) in New Zealand, and the permits issued to the Anglo-Indian migrants to New Zealand. It discusses the Homes emigration scheme, where Asian children were sent to New Zealand as adolescent farm workers and domestic servants. Topics discussed are role of bureaucrats in facilitating the entry of Anglo-Indians in New Zealand, cultural suitability of Anglo-Indians, and labor shortages. Kalimpong scheme is also discussed.

In 2003, New Zealand introduced a novel "expression of interest" (EOI) system for selecting skilled migrants. In 2012, Australia adopted a similar approach while the Canadian government is proposing to adopt a variant of the EOI system in 2015. From being a follower of Canadian and Australian immigration policy initiatives, New Zealand has become the innovator. This paper examines the reasons for this significant policy shift and reviews some outcomes of the EOI system during the first decade of operation. As the international competition for talent intensifies, such policy innovation is essential if countries are going to attract skilled migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immigration policies in most host nations of the west have undergone significant changes in recent years. Based on the four country-specific papers that appear in this section of the journal, and also on our own research, we present an overview of these changes and their context. In all countries, economic considerations play a central role in shaping immigration policy and greater importance is given to scientific research. Several common policy changes are noted in Australia, Canada and New Zealand which include: a shift away from a human capital focus toward more targeted selection based on labor market demand for specific skills, increased emphasis on temporary foreign worker programs, attraction of international students, an overhauling of the refugee system, and regionalization of immigration. In the U.S., while adoption of some of these changes has often surfaced in public policy and academic discussions, legalization of unauthorized migrants remains an important policy debate, with recent arguments focusing on the economic benefits of legalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The belief in an Arcadia has long played a role in European ideology, and in the creation of landscape. In the case of New Zealand, immigrants from Great Britain hoped, in part, to find there own Arcadia in a country that appeared to them as being open for business. Longing for a better life away from the enormous difficulties of the British proletariat, immigrants dreamed of opportunities for jobs and the possibilities for land of their own. Some immigrants who were in better economic circumstances in Britain even sought to create for themselves a British County lifestyle. To create New Zealand from the Maori Aotearoa required the theft of indigenous land, and, in fact, the importation of animals, grass seed, trees, and even birds for the desired effect. In short, the process required the destruction of the old way of life and its exhaustive replacement with the new. This paper discusses the British colonization of New Zealand using Pierre Bourdieu's structure of social fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research took a person × situation approach to predicting prejudice by looking at how social worldviews interact with real-world environmental factors to predict how people respond to immigrants within their local area. Taking a Dual Process Motivational approach, we hypothesized that a higher proportion of immigrants in the local community would be associated with negative attitudes toward immigration for respondents high in dangerous world beliefs. Conversely, we hypothesized that living in a highly affluent (as opposed to socioeconomically deprived) community would be associated with negative attitudes toward immigration for respondents high in competitive world beliefs. Both hypotheses were supported using regional information derived from national census data combined with representative survey data from a large telephone sample conducted in New Zealand ( N = 6,489). These findings support the proposition that individual differences interact with specific features of the environment to predict people's levels of prejudice in distinct ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of biculturalism's place in New Zealand's history, any attempts to establish a state-sponsored project of multiculturalism have always been treated with suspicion and controversy. This article provides a contemporary understanding of the conceptual ambiguities found in the country's configuration of multiculturalism that governs cultural diversity through the market. As a prelude to establishing the need for a new citizenship research agenda through cosmopolitanism developed in consultation with Maori, it is argued that the strictures of New Zealand's unofficial policy of commercial multiculturalism need to be transcended before Asians and other non-European migrants to the country can contribute successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The scholarly reappraisal of the British imperial system as the ‘British World’ has given scholars the opportunity to examine anew the financial, commercial and industrial ties which held the empire together. This article examines the experience of one such tie, the New Zealand and Australian Land Company, a Scottish-based agricultural and land company which operated in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Australasia. This company contributed to the colonies' economic development directly, opening up new farming lands and initiating wool and protein exports, as well as influencing the development of the communities which grew up around its stations and factories. The article details the strategic development of the company untilc. 1900 in the wider context of Australia and New Zealand's economic development, demonstrating that studying the evolution of commercial organisations can contribute to the wider debate around the role of British capital in development. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article outlines the progress made by Bishop Patrick Moran (1823–1895) in standardising doctrinal practices of Irish Catholic immigrants in New Zealand in the 1870s. The principal sources used are contemporary newspapers, some proceedings of the Otago Provincial Council and clerical correspondence. It revisits and builds on Hugh Laracy's biographical work on Moran and the increasing historiography of migration to address a few fundamental questions: how instrumental was Bishop Patrick Moran in shaping Catholicism in Otago; what kind of laity did he encounter on arrival; how Ultramontane were the New Zealand Irish on leaving home; how crucial was the education question in Moran's campaign? Do the 1870s represent the beginning of a shift in Irish immigration patterns to New Zealand and in turn a discreet Catholic identity? [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article looks at the economic logic of the Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) scheme as a development initiative in New Zealand in the context of the Third World Approaches to International Law. Topics discuss include the beginnings of the RSE scheme, the scheme's origins as an answer to labour-demand, its relevance to New Zealand's immigration policies, the social costs of the scheme, and the relationship between international law and development.

This article argues that during the four decades following World War II, New Zealand medical specialists worked within a professional fi eld that was fundamentally international in nature. In contrast to the predominantly nation-centred narratives that characterise much of New Zealand's medical historiography, this article suggests that the structures, conventions, and values that underpinned the work of New Zealand specialists were to a large extent derived from, and sustained by, a complex network of international exchanges. The article focuses in particular on the temporary--but almost universal--overseas migration of New Zealand medical graduates in pursuit of post-graduate specialist training, and discusses the implications of the resulting international network for the development of post-World War II medical specialisation in New Zealand, and in many other Commonwealth countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historians have focused on early twentiethcentury positive eugenics in New Zealand. In this article, I argue that the response came from a tradition of concern about heredity and white racial degeneracy, which extended beyond the British Empire. This article focuses on concerns about heredity at the Auckland Mental Hospital between 1850 and 1899, and contextualises these concerns in New Zealand mental hospital statistics from the late--nineteenth century. This article also considers Australasian, British, North and South American medical and immigration legislation history, and contrasts this with the legislation and medical discourses which formed part of a fear of heredity, racial degeneracy, immigration and mental illness in New Zealan [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the representations of Scottishness at individual and collective levels, as expressed by outsiders and insiders. It does so by merging a focus on the organisational dimensions of ethnicity as well as the essences that individuals and groups believed to constitute Scottishness. The study also endeavours to assess whether Scottish ethnicities were distinctive by making brief comparisons with expressions of Irish ethnic identities in New Zealand. It concludes that features of Scottishness were positively asserted without the influence of conflict and defensive unity. Void of political overtones, Scottishness also remained a predominantly cultural expression compared with the more defensive, political tenor of Irishness. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The movement of international students represents an increasing component of contemporary population mobilities. Like other forms of migration, international student mobility takes place through a complex assemblage of actors and networks, including origin and destination states, educational institutions, families, friends and communities, and of course students themselves. In the midst of these arrangements education agents appear to occupy a pivotal position, serving as a bridge between student origins and study destinations in a manner that enables multiple movements across educational and geographic divides. Establishing and maintaining this important position in international student mobilities is a complex endeavour that requires agents to bridge the gap between a solely profit-oriented education industry and the social lives of students and their families. This paper investigates the position of agents in student mobilities by focusing on the development of export education activities since the early 1990s in New Zealand and the changing relationships of agents with the state, education providers and students. I trace the emergence of agents to the early liberalization of student mobility and educational provision but also note how agents became increasingly incorporated into a more formalized education industry as later governments engaged in more direct intervention and regulation of student flows and educational quality. To broaden this general overview of the role of agents the paper focuses on the specific activities and relationships of agents involved in the movement of South Korean international students. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for research on agents and other intermediaries to focus in more detail on the manner in which these actors mediate different sorts of relationships, between migration/education industries and migrant/student social networks as well as between changing state liberalization and intervention and emerging industry formations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

South African immigrants in New Zealand have been largely ignored by researchers in comparison with 'visible' migrants from Asia and the South Pacific. This paper examines the initial settlement experiences of a group of skilled South Africans with regard to employment and social engagement. It has two key aims: to show that despite their 'invisibility' South Africans were not immune to initial settlement difficulties; and to identify the cause(s) of such difficulties. The evidence indicates that cultural, social and economic differences between South Africa and New Zealand were the primary causes of the difficulties experienced. Prejudice was also a factor but was usually less overt, more complex and sometimes just a matter of suspicion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of the Irish in New Zealand tend to focus predominantly on sectarian issues and respective ‘identities’. While class is explored to a lesser extent, it is mainly through the lens of occupational status. Overall, migrant poverty and criminality in that colonial setting has received the least attention from historians, because the socio-economic profile of the majority of Irish immigrants was generally of a higher status. This article traces a group of poor assisted immigrants that departed Cork at very short notice in 1874 and examines how some of them achieved notoriety in New Zealand. Using a combination of poor law records, shipping records, newspapers, government reports and criminal statistics, this article traces the fortunes of the single Irish workhouse girls. Irish Poor Law registers can be notoriously tricky to negotiate and present many problems for historians. Periodically Poor Law Guardians invested in assisted immigration schemes and to that end they surrendered groups of migrants. In so doing, the guardians bound individuals by a range of similarities—marital status, social class, fiscal means, age, abilities and gender to mention but a few—and such groups lend themselves to case-study analysis. As prophesised by those who argued against its foundation, the poor law network in Ireland both created and exacerbated many social problems. In many respects, when over-crowding occurred, it offered little by way of training and thus created a stasis for poverty. Building on recent case studies of ‘wild workhouse girls’ undertaken by Anna Clark on the South Dublin Union and Virginia Crossman on a Wexford Union, this research explores the concept of ‘modulation’ used by Patrick Fitzgerald and Brian Lambkin in the context of migration, whereby migrants were at the mercy of the host community to decide whether they can be accepted or rejected.1 This article traces and links the ‘institutionalised’ behavioural patterns of these poor, unskilled, single, young women with indefinite periods of ‘modulation’ in a negotiated space between rejection, vice, incarceration and an existence on the ‘outside’. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The Scots have always been a migratory people and by the nineteenth century that wanderlust had begun to take significant numbers of them to the Antipodes. Although only a small proportion of Scottish migrants went to New Zealand, they constituted between 20 and 30% of the colony's British-born settlers in the nineteenth century, and the legacy of their settlement is pervasive and persistent. This overview begins by surveying the aspirations of the migrants, in particular whether they left unwillingly or enthusiastically. It goes on to examine the mechanisms by which they effected their relocation, notably through the lens of recruitment agencies. It addresses the relationship between their expectations and experiences of settlement and sojourning, and ends by scrutinising the ways in which they chose to cultivate – or shed – their ethnic identity during the century after 1840. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

As one of the smallest and most remote low-lying atoll countries on earth, Tuvalu seems to exemplify a typical case of forced migration induced by environmental change. Tuvalu has been essentially perceived through the lens of environmental displacement and vulnerability to climate change - a perception that has been consistently reinforced and sustained by the discourse of its government and media interests. For Pacific Islanders, migration is often seen as a significant pattern of lifestyle, and even a social routine at times. This study employed a qualitative research approach, involving questionnaires and interviews with Tuvaluans, in both the migration origin of Tuvalu and migration destination of New Zealand. We show that the majority of Tuvaluans who migrated to New Zealand did not necessarily do so for climate change reasons. However, the issue of climate change remains a common theme in the minds of Tuvaluan migrants interviewed. This research shows the importance of climate change as a migration driver, in a context of increasing number of Tuvaluan migrants relocating to New Zealand through various immigration schemes, such as the Pacific Access Category scheme. We review and assess the motives underpinning the migration decision of those who have resettled in New Zealand. Contemporary Tuvaluan migration to New Zealand is uniquely related to and defined by complex relationships between people and environment. The migration drivers include environmental change, employment, education and for the betterment of future generations. Whether by design or not, these socio-economic and environmental developments are all responsible for the creation of environmental change in which some Tuvaluans have sought to respond through emigration to New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The retention of immigrant employees has been long recognized as a challenge. Understanding immigrants' expectations and work-related experiences is important in the development of interventions to retain immigrant employees. The reported research investigated recent immigrants' reasons for migration, and their work-related attitudes and perceptions of New Zealand's work-related practices. The immigrants' responses were compared to individuals who had only ever lived and worked in New Zealand. Lifestyle factors were more important than work-related factors in the immigrants' reasons for migration. Overall job satisfaction was high and work-family conflict low, and the immigrants showed fewer behaviors associated with workaholism than did the New Zealand-based group. Moreover, immigrants showed more positive behaviors and perceptions of their current, as compared with their previous, employment. The results are discussed in terms of attraction and retention of immigrant employees and their acculturation to New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses questions of mobility, circulation, and migration in nineteenth-century New Zealand. It comments on communication and transportation structures and networks, examining shipping, railways, and newspapers. The author considers colonialism and the consolidation of New Zealand as a nation-state, reflecting on the reduction of the mobility of the Maori people. He particularly discusses the growth of the New Zealand city of Gore. Other topics include postcolonial scholarship and historical focus on the idea of the nation.

The author discusses New Zealand's Immigration Act 2009, which requires refugee applicants to meet a good faith requirement. The author suggests it is antithetical to New Zealand's obligations under the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, and presents case law prior to 2009 showing that the good faith requirement is to be applied selectively. The author discusses the implications for asylum-seekers in New Zealand under the law, and discusses eligibility for permanent residence.

The impact of international migration on the lives of professional women has been given scant attention in the academic literature, notwithstanding the now considerable body of scholarship on gender and migration. This article focuses on this neglected area, examining the experiences of skilled women moving from South Africa to New Zealand using data from interviews conducted using the Biographical Narrative Interpretive Method (BNIM). In line with the small number of studies on professional migrant women, the research participants experienced disrupted or damaged careers and/or an increase or intensification of domestic responsibilities, shifts variously theorised in the literature as "de-skilling", "feminization", "re-domestication" or "compromised careers". It is argued here that BNIM's in-depth interviewing and meticulous analysis extends this scholarship by illuminating the iterative relationship between migrant women's work and home lives and their ongoing attempts to achieve a balance between the practical and emotional obligations inherent in each. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two quite substantial New Zealand library collections were gifted or bequeathed to the nation in the early years of the twentieth century. These were the private library of Dr Thomas Hocken of Dunedin and the 'gentleman's' library of Alexander Turnbull of Wellington. Both collections contain the artefacts of the country's pre-colonization history and documents that relate to the forging of a nation-state. Each reflects the collection practices of their original owners, both of whom were acutely interested in material regarding New Zealand. This article picks out from each collection specific examples of the material associated with nineteenth-century emigration from Britain to New Zealand. Its focus is not a listing of the descriptive passages in these texts for prospective middle-class colonists on the soil, climate, and economic advantages. It searches instead for the rhetorical strategies in order to extract a sense of the underlying emotional dimensions of the emigration decision. The texts give the twenty-first century researcher a way of retrieving contemporary discourses of nineteenth-century life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research article traces the little-known relationship between New Zealand and the Southern Cone countries of South America that existed between 1820 and the First World War. While New Zealanders were found throughout Latin America in many occupations, undoubtedly because of the established British presence in the region, the links with the Southern Cone were particularly extensive. The basis of the relationship, which promised then to be on-going, was the movement of ships, goods, people, animals, plants, know-how, technology and capital across the Pacific, rather than any inter-state relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article comments on New Zealand's overseas aid provision after the government decides to reabsorb NZAID into the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. The reabsorption of NZAID has produced a negative effect by diminishing the value of aid provision without bettering its accountability to the taxpayer or viability of its programs. The move affects the agency's focus on the alleviation of poverty and presents confusion regarding its identity as a specialist development organization.

Arguing for the merits of an antipodean perspective that embraces the linked historical and current relations between Tasman, British and other worlds, this paper focuses on the majoritarian responses of those of English ancestry in Britain and within the British diaspora to wide ranging changes that potentially challenge their national supremacy in both contexts. After briefly assessing some of the approaches to exploring the identities of the 'English/British' separately in Australia and New Zealand, some suggestions are made about how majoritarian narratives are best reframed, conceptually and methodologically, both within the antipodes and the broader contexts within which they have always been placed. The adoption of an antipodean perspective is deemed necessary in order to understand how changes in majority status and shifts in national identity are mutually constituted within and across the above worlds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 1990s, Asia has emerged as the major contributor of migration flows into New Zealand. Settler migration, tourism, international business and more recently, international education make up the diverse flows of Asian peoples into the country. This paper explores the changing dynamics of Asian transnational families over the last two decades, with a special focus on the experiences of young people within these families. In the early 1990s, bi-local families were commonly known as “astronaut” families, in which one or both parents returned to their countries of origin to work, leaving their children to be educated in New Zealand. Over time the structures of these families have changed, as many young migrants relocated back to their former homeland or re-migrated to a third country, while “astronaut parents” rejoined their spouses either in the origin or destination. More recently, the educational migration of international students from countries in Asia has given rise to another form of transnational family, in which young people enter New Zealand as international students and some subsequently become residents. In this paper, the experiences of these young people are explored within the wider context of family strategies for maximising benefits through spatially extended networks on the one hand, and government initiatives and immigration policy changes that have been taking place in New Zealand since the 1990s on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores some of the issues associated with the nature of contemporary transnationalism and the particular experiences and strategies of a specific cohort of migrants, the 1.5 generation. Based on a study of East Asian migrant adolescents to New Zealand, we argue that the experiences and strategies of this generation differ from those of their parents, the original decision-makers in the migration process, as well as from the historical experiences of earlier migrants. There is an ambivalence (in-betweenness) about settlement and attachment that raises some key questions about the assumptions of the immigration literature and of policy/political communities. The paper suggests that the 1.5 generation represents a particular group that deserves more attention in the migration and transnationalism literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]