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Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Occupational Therapy / Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional is the property of Cadernos de Terapia Ocupacional da UFSCar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Indigenous diasporas are an emerging social and political phenomenon, and conceptually offer a productive avenue for critical research in the study of ethnicity and migration. The politics of Indigenous peoples in diaspora have not received enough scholarly attention, and this article seeks to respond by examining how indigeneity is articulated by the many Amazigh (non-Arab North African) cultural associations of France. Drawing on Stuart Hall's articulation theory, this article contributes a nuanced approach to the relational concept of indigeneity, exploring four key ways in which disparate subjectivities are articulated with indigeneity in the discourse and practices of the diasporic Amazigh movement. Firstly, diaspora Imazighen articulate with the Global Indigenous Movement. Secondly, they position themselves and their homeland populations as colonised people. Thirdly, they perform cultural authenticity within their project of cultural and linguistic revitalisation. Lastly, they practice a village territoriality that articulates with indigeneity by privileging rurality and pre-colonial political institutions. These diaspora articulations are argued to produce a pro-indigenous, anti-essentialist discourse, which highlights the relational nature of indigeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The relationship between migration and mental health is complex and involves factors at different levels, as the individual history of the migrant, the collective history of their home country, the host society's and their mutual past history. Even though the migratory scenario of France and Brazil has changed over the years, both countries currently host an important number of immigrants. Aim: The main objective of the present study was to describe and analyze the impacts of the migratory experience on mental health of migrants with different migration experiences and living in two countries: France and Brazil. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 participants, six in France and seven in Brazil. A thematic qualitative analysis of the data was performed using the ATLAS.TI software. Three themes were created based on the different times of the migration experience: before migration, during migration and after migration. All codes of these three bigger themes were organized in sub-themes for the samples in France and Brazil. Results: Participants in France described an important exposure to traumatic events before and during migration. In Brazil, the migration experiences were multiple, in some cases presenting a traumatic history, but in most cases migration was seen as an opportunity to have access to better life conditions. In both countries, participants reported a great level of psychological distress associated to post-migratory difficulties (e.g. unemployment, learning a new language, or facing a new cultural environment). Conclusions: Our results suggest that multidisciplinary interventions, with focus on skills development, such as language and work-related skills, and on access to basic needs may be essential for both voluntary and involuntary migrants. In addition to these interventions, some individuals may need specialized mental health intervention, focusing in past traumatic exposure and in the current acculturation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the migrations of French Canadians, with topics including the mobility of the Beaupré family, their origins in Normandy, and their settling in Bas-du-Fleuve. Topics include the movement of the family and their livelihoods, including agricultural and forestry work; and family dynamics and how they aided in the acclimatization of the Beaupré family.

Researchers in many countries have identified racial differences in rates of civilian-police interactions such as identity checks or stop-and-frisk. Are frequent police identity checks associated with feelings of national identification and if so, in what ways? Using three dimensions of identity in a nationally representative French sample of immigrants and second-generation individuals, I find that experiencing frequent identity checks is associated with an increase in the likelihood of country of origin identification, a decrease in the likelihood of French identification, and a decrease in the likelihood of believing others see one as French. I also find that these relationships and their magnitude vary across immigrant generation and immigrant region of origin. These findings point to frequent police identity checks as an important mechanism through which street-level state practices impact immigrant integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today the inclusion of non-citizens in the electorate is an increasingly common phenomenon. Yet, we know relatively little about under what conditions some states extend such voting rights to non-citizens earlier than others. In this paper, we investigate the timing of local enfranchisement policies for non-citizens in 28 democracies from 1980 to 2010 using event-history analysis. Adding to the conditions studied in earlier work, we examine the extent to which demographic composition, immigration policy regimes, and political partisanship relate to the timing of non-citizen suffrage. We find that higher shares of immigrant residents delay whereas EU membership and economic openness advance the timing of voting rights for non-citizens. At all demographic heterogeneity conditions, less permissive immigration regimes have been able to enfranchise non-citizens earlier. The findings suggest that, over time, having more left-wing parties in the government accelerates the timing of enfranchisement, while right-wing parties contribute to delays. The article brings forward new data and an original explanatory framework emphasising relevance of partisanship and immigration policy at different demographic contexts. Our analysis sheds light on the idiosyncratic state practices in the timing of enfranchisement reforms adding to the debates in migration and citizenship studies and the broader comparative politics field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During its first days of existence, the Vichy regime ordered a review of recent naturalizations. In accordance with a law passed on July 22, 1940, denaturalization decisions were made on a case-by-case basis by a commission tasked with reviewing all naturalizations granted since 1927. Examining these cases collectively by quantifying a thousand denaturalization files takes into account any individual variations in decision making. Denaturalization procedures are an excellent field of investigation for observing the relation between an ideological project and its administrative implementation. This article opens a field of investigation that questions the boundary between discretionary and absolute power. It explores the consequences of leaving a degree of freedom to administrations in authoritarian regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how three major French cities designed their immigrant incorporation policies in the early twenty-first century. While political and administrative structures are similar in these cities, the favoured approaches – integration, equality, diversity – and the importance assigned to the issue of migration differed. Four factors explain the local shape of immigrant incorporation policies: the relationship with national authorities, the mobilization of European opportunities, the capacities of civil society, and the career paths of policy officers. This qualitative research provides insights into the "local turn" of migration policy in practice. It further illustrates how French cities may overcome a national model, although their fight against ethno-racial inequalities remains weak and inconsequent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Once known as a silent and even a model minority, hardworking and keeping a low profile, the Chinese community in Paris, one of the largest Chinese diasporic population in Europe, has organized several massive demonstrations since 2010 to demand police protection amid mounting security concerns. Based on qualitative methods combining ethnographic research, media analysis, observation of the collective actions, and interviews of key actors involved, this article analyses the evolution of these mobilizations and their aftermath, on a span of eight years from June 2010 to July 2018, aiming to comprehend the role of China's influence diplomacy in regard to the actions of overseas Chinese for security. There hasn't been any study on the role that overseas Chinese might play in China's foreign policy towards Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the collective actions undertaken by two groups of Chinese female migrants in Paris: sex workers who opposed a new law on prostitution, and manicurists who joined trade unions and went on strike. These women share similar geographical origins and migration projects; many came to France alone, and thus have much weaker social capital than other Chinese migrants in Paris, which pushed them to choose professional sectors viewed as marginal or even stigmatized. Despite their precarious situation, their marginal position has created conditions for collective action, enabling them to develop strong sense of collective belonging and receive support from organizations outside the community. These findings show how a marginal position in an ethnic community can be a triggering factor for migrants' inclusion and political engagement in the host society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the mid-1990s, the concept of transnationalism has been increasingly used and discussed. Some authors have contested its novelty, arguing that all types of migrants, including internal ones, tend to remain connected to their home place. In this paper, we provide new quantitative evidence to show that migration, be it internal or international, entails a similar sort of connectedness between places. Using a nationally representative survey carried out in France (TeO, N = 21,761), we systematically compare the transterritorial connections of international migrants, French migrants born abroad and French migrants born in overseas territories. Our findings show that all migrants maintain transborder ties, with particular intensity among French overseas migrants. Owing to border effects, oversenas migrants exhibit higher levels of sociopolitical and "re-migration" connections and are less engaged in economic relations. The results also show that transterritorial connections are affected by similar determinants across the three categories of migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between the late thirteenth and the mid‐sixteenth century, England and France were repeatedly at war. Little attention has been given to the status of those from France who emigrated to England over this period. The development of a distinction between the 'alien in amity' and the 'alien in enmity' suggests that these people may have been particularly vulnerable to official and unofficial hostility. Yet, while we know that the French were the single largest element in the immigrant population, there is next to no evidence that they were subject to particular discrimination. This study offers several explanations for this apparent conundrum. The position arose partly because significant numbers of French immigrants were low‐status agricultural workers whose presence fulfilled a labour need and whose presence was uncontentious. The main reason for the apparently relaxed attitude of the English state to the immigrant French, however, was a legacy of empire. Because a significant part of the French immigrant population came from lands that were, or had been, part of the Plantagenet dominions in France (especially Normandy and Gascony), and because the English crown continued to assert a right to the throne of France, officialdom tended to treat all French incomers as actually or potentially in amity. As a consequence, immigration from France continued in significant numbers: The article includes detailed analysis of the two occasions on which something approaching a census of French immigrants is possible, in the alien subsidy of 1440 and the mass denization of the early 1540s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the diplomatic and cultural dimensions of Algerian family migration to France in the decade following Algerian independence in 1962. During the ‘Thirty Glorious Years’ of economic growth (1945–73), French industries came to rely on Algerian (male) labour, and successive administrations welcomed their wives and children. After Algerian independence, however, this welcome shifted. As French and Algerian diplomats circumscribed family migration to prevent permanent migration, so too did social workers and French administrators emphasise the family unit as the primary locus of integration (or, in contrast, maladaptation). The paper illuminates how the idea of family stability proved incapable of easing the minds of French and Algerian administrators who, for their own reasons, saw families as a particular problem. The paper then investigates the role social aid associations for Algerian wives and families played in accentuating families’ perceived failures to acculturate. Algerian families found themselves caught in legislative loopholes for resettlement, and, once in France, measured against a colonial-era definition of integration designed to prevent their inclusion. In this account, families (and not single male workers) and cultural exclusion (and not economic contraction) furnished the logic for limiting Algerian migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1923 the Parisian Municipal Council created a special police unit to control North Africans in Paris, known as the Brigade Nord-Africaine (BNA). During its twenty-year tenure, the BNA controlled the North Africans they policed through intimation and violence, but also through personal knowledge of the community. The BNA's harsh tactics had to be balanced by its officers' admitted reliance on North Africans for information. This article explores both the uniquely discriminatory and colonial nature of the BNA and the nuanced, intimate relationships that developed between the officers and the North African community. A repatriation of colonial control, the BNA reified the difference of those it policed, uniquely targeting North Africans but also offering a space of possible agency for them in interwar Paris. The BNA gives us insight into policing in the 1930s, demonstrating the acceptability of targeted policing but also showing the limits of coercive power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Looking at the French approach to migration in four key political moments between 2014 and 2018, three main narratives can be seen as dominating the French debate on migration, namely the Westphalian, the humanitarian and the multilateral, each related to various justice claims. Surprisingly, a securitarian approach was not as dominant as expected. However, different justice claims were used to support various political interests, often in a clearly instrumental way. In France today, the politics of migration are still important for the country's foreign policy and are not just a domestic issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study deals with the phenomenon of the transformation of the Muslim identity and the religious practices carried out by the Moroccan community that emigrated to France. The period covered by this research study ranges from the second half of the 20th century to the first decades of the 21st century. The identity changes practiced by these communities generated new social and labor behaviors, resulting in the spectacular integration of a significant number of Moroccans into the French society. The performance in the labor market varies to include technicians, both average and superior, managers, merchants, researchers, artists and intellectuals, it even reach the highest levels of political power, forming part of some governments of the country of destination. The study carried out an analysis the Muslim identity and culture of the Moroccan immigrant community in the French country, completing the study with a description of the changes oriented towards the full integration of this community in the French society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After independence, Mexico became the destination for a current of migration from Barcelonnette, France. This migration increased between 1870 and 1930. The combination of several conditions, strategies, and characteristics of these businessmen's social networks allowed a significant proportion to become wealthy. This paper uses the example of the Barcelonnettes to show that the development of manufacturing industry in Mexico was not directly dependent on the need for foreign currency generated by exports in this period; however these manufacturers benefited from the growth of the domestic market, which was the result of increase of exports of primary goods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on ethnographical observations made in the Naturalization Office of a prefecture of the Paris region, and on interviews carried out with bureaucrats and French citizens who have been naturalized, this article examines both the institutional process of granting citizenship as well as its impact on subjectivities. It investigates the assumptions and broad judgments that underlie the granting of French citizenship to see how norms and values linked to this procedure circulate between bureaucrats and applicants. It focuses on the idea of "deservingness," linked to the act of being granted French citizenship, to determine how bureaucrats from the Naturalization Office and French naturalized citizens differently appropriate this notion. By addressing the articulated difference between bureaucratic practice and lived experience, this article aims to highlight the political, moral, and ethical dimensions at stake in the procedure of making foreigners into French citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers a microhistorical perspective on interethnic violence. It focuses on a fait divers that took place in 1900 near Paris and was widely construed as a result of ethnic antagonism. Drawing from a multitude of archival records, the article critically assesses the retrospective accounts of that multi-participant fight, and resituates it in its social context. It argues that a variety of factors were at play, among which ethnicity was not dominant. This assessment emerges from a close analysis of the combatants' background and contingent rivalries, as well as an examination of structural causes such as hyper-masculinity and alcoholism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND The Healthy Immigrant Effect (HIE) refers to the fact that recent migrants are in better health than the nonmigrant population in the host country. Central to explaining the HIE is the idea that migrants are positively selected in terms of their socioeconomic and health characteristics when compared to nonmigrants in their country of origin. However, due to a lack of reliable and comparable data, most existing studies rely on socioeconomic and health measures as collected in the host country after migration and do not actually measure selection. OBJECTIVE We directly test selection as an explanation of the HIE among migrants living in France. METHODS Using the French Trajectories and Origins (TeO) survey and Barro-Lee dataset, we construct a direct measure of migrants' educational selectivity. We then test its effect on health differences between migrants and nonmigrants using measures self-rated health, health limitations, and chronic illnesses, by fitting logistic regression and Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) decompositions. RESULTS After demonstrating that migrants in France experience an HIE, especially males, we also show that educational level as measured in the host country cannot account for the HIE. By contrast, we provide important evidence that educational selectivity constitutes a significant factor in explaining health disparities between migrant and nonmigrant populations. CONTRIBUTION Capitalizing on a novel measure of migrants' educational selectivity, we give credit to the oft-cited but rarely tested theory that the HIE is a consequence of migrants' positive selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "Irish in France Research Project" was set up to fill the gap in the knowledge regarding Irish people living in France. This article will compare the data from this project with the principle research study available on Irish people living in Paris carried out by Piaras MacÉinrí in the late 1980s and will evaluate the key changes in the make-up of this migrant group since this time. MacÉinrí concluded that the Irish in Paris were a community in transition and that an Irish presence would develop and grow. He posited that Irish emigration to France would become the norm rather than the exception. This article will assess just how this migration movement has evolved in the last 30 years and if these changes are indeed in line with MacÉinrí's predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent decades have seen a rapid increase in the share of non-European immigrants in public housing in Europe, which has led to concern regarding the rise of ghettos in large cities. Using French census data over three decades, we examine how this increase in public housing participation has affected segregation. While segregation levels have increased moderately, on average, the number of immigrant enclaves has grown. The growth of enclaves is being driven by the large increase in non-European immigrants in the census tracts where the largest housing projects are located, both in the housing projects and the surrounding nonpublic dwellings. As a result, contemporary differences in segregation levels across metropolitan areas are being shaped by the concentration of public housing within cities, in particular the share of non-European immigrants in large housing projects constructed before the 1980s. Nevertheless, the overall effect of public housing on segregation has been ambiguous. While large projects have increased segregation, the inflows of non-European immigrants into small projects have brought many immigrants into census tracts where they have previously been rare and, thus, diminished segregation levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers an analysis of the child’s ‘best interests’ principle, as enshrined in Article 3(1) of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, in French judicial review proceedings of removals of undocumented foreigners. The analysis finds that, amongst the various legal issues pertaining to this international protection, French administrative courts have most frequently prioritised the preservation of the family unit of the child of the expelled foreigner: thus, for the removal of the parent from French soil to be lawful, it should not entail, as a matter of principle, any geographical separation between either of the parents and the child. Nevertheless, it is argued, the legal implications of the ties that may connect the foreigner’s children themselves to France need further clarification. Lastly, progress can still be made on the procedural aspects of hearings, where the ‘best interests of the child’ principle is still not as effective as it should be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przegląd Europejski is the property of University of Warsaw and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines fictional representations of the emigration of the French Revolution. It focuses on the novels Eugénie et Mathilde, Les Petits émigrés, and Le Retour d'un émigré, which were published in France between 1797 and 1815 as émigrés were seeking to return to the nation they had fled. It argues that these novels should be interpreted as making claims about the ability of émigrés to reintegrate within the nation. The sentimental novels responded to two key anxieties about the émigrés' return by demonstrating that émigrés had not been transformed into foreigners during their time abroad and that they were not seeking to reconstitute Old Regime France. These novelists redefined the émigré as an isolated and pitiable wanderer, and redefined France as a nation bound by common suffering and sentiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the Walls Fall is a manifesto written by Glissant and Chamoiseau against the creation of the Ministry of Immigration, Integration, National Identity, and Co-development established in 2007 by French president Nicolas Sarkozy. The manifesto is a call against the building of walls that separate us rather than relate us one to another in a society. Walls are contradictory to the notion of Relation that Glissant and Chamoiseau advocate, where one would be open to the unpredictable and unforeseeable. Both authors criticize the notion of a national identity that would be fixed and firmly established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the historical evolution of the migration relations between France and Italy from the aftermath of the Second World War to the outbreak of the European Migrant Crisis. Adopting a long-term perspective, it shows that migration has been more a source of tension than convergence between the two countries. Despite an apparent complementarity of interests, between the mid-1940s and the early 1970s the governments in Paris and Rome disagreed over size and patterns of Italian migration to France. The governments in Paris and Rome continued to fight also after the end of Italian mass migration between the late 1960s and early 1970s. In the context of a rising anti-immigration mood, France began to accuse Italy of being a dangerous transit country for illegal migrants from southern Mediterranean states. On the other hand, against the background of the implementation of the Schengen system, Italy blamed France for passing the political and financial cost of border controls onto the peripheral members of the European Community/European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In 2015, more than 1 million refugees arrived in Europe. During their travels, refugees often face harsh conditions, violence and torture in transit countries, but there is a lack of quantitative evidence on their experiences. We present the results of a retrospective survey among refugees in the 'Jungle' of Calais, France, to document their health problems and the violence they endured during their journeys. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional population-based survey in November and December 2015. The sample size was set at 402 individuals, and geospatial simple random sampling was used. We collected data on demographics, routes travelled, health status, violence and future plans. Results: Departures from the country of origin increased beginning in September 2015. Sixty-one percent of respondents reported having at least one health problem, especially while in Calais. Overall, 65.6% (95% CI 60.3-70.6) experienced at least one violent event en route; 81.5% of refugees wanted to go to the UK. Conclusions: This first quantitative survey conducted among refugees in Europe provides important sociodemographic data on refugees living in Calais and describes the high rate of violence they encountered during their journeys. Similar documentation should be repeated throughout Europe in order to better respond to the needs of this vulnerable population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on the uses of media or new media by diasporas has become a crucial locus for examining the elaboration, in an era of globalization, of transnational identities. However, by doing this, this literature has tended to emphasize these populations' transnational mediated connections to the detriment of other kinds of mediated interactions. While being symbols of these transnational connections, these populations have, in a way, in this literature on media and diasporas, ceased to be ordinary media users. In contrast with this kind of perspective, we conducted, in 2012, a qualitative study among 40 families of Maghrebi origin living in the Paris region, aiming at analysing their ordinary media and new media uses. While taking into account the transnational dimensions of their practices, we tried to do it without giving to these an over-emphasis that would have been detrimental to an understanding of their broader banal media and new media experiences. In this article, we explain how we conceived our research, both in theoretical and in empirical terms, before discussing some of its main results. While underlining the significance for our interviewees of their mediated transnational interactions, we stress the need for being cautious, when considering these, of not obscuring the importance of mediated interactions operating at other scales, which we describe here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the "Muslim Question" of France in terms of Turkish immigrants, who are the subjects of a relatively recent migration movement compared to other immigrant groups in France, was examined. The findings that support the study are based on a qualitative research conducted in Paris between 2014 and 2015. In the first chapter of the study, the focal point was a critical interpretation of formation of the "Muslim Question". Whether this question is a fiction or based on solid facts was another subject tackled in this chapter. In the second chapter, by focusing on the migration process of the Turkish immigrants, the experiences of Turkish immigrants who are struggling to form a hybrid identity by acting within a social structure without ignoring the origin country codes. The basic argument of the article, however, is that the integration policies imposing themselves as the absolute truth should be put aside and at the same time a common culture should be created, also the Muslim origin immigrants should not ignore every criticism as for being "Islamophobia" and they should revise their attitudes in this regard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose to extend demographic multistate models by adding a behavioural element: behavioural rules explain intentions and thus transitions. Our framework is inspired by the Theory of Planned Behaviour We exemplify our approach with a model of migration from Senegal to France. Model parameters are determined using empirical data where available. Parameters for which no empirical correspondence exists are determined by calibration. Age- and period-specific migration rates are used for model validation. Our approach adds to the toolkit of demographic projection by allowing for shocks and social influence, which alter behaviour in non-linear ways, while sticking to the general framework of multistate modelling. Our simulations yield that higher income growth in Senegal leads to higher emigration rates in the medium term, while a decrease in fertility yields lower emigration rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Africans continue to migrate across the Sahara and the Mediterranean Sea, where tens of thousands have drowned. In Libya, many suffer enslavement and other harsh treatment as they flee persecution or poverty, or both. Yet there have been few studies of their journey. This study, based primarily on some sixty interviews by the author in 2014-2016 with African migrants in Italy and France, provides a portrait of resilience, courage, and strategic decisions that differs sharply from media images of helplessness. It suggests reconsidering migrant networks and typologies in view of the breakdown and attempted repair of networks on these journeys, where categories blur, ranging from free to slave and back to free. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article attempts to understand the ambivalent attitude of celebration/subversion towards French immigration and assimilation policies by artists of immigrant descent. Using Edward Said's concept of contrapuntal reading, it analyzes the song "J'y suis j'y reste" by Zebda, a music band whose protest songs are a form of militant struggle against discrimination. Such artists, who celebrate the varied cultural landscape and the polyphonic identity of the contemporary French Republic, aspire for a shift from a monocultural melting pot to a multicultural mosaic that honors its values of liberty, equality, and fraternity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immigrant integration has been on the political agenda in France since at leastthe late 1980s, yet starting in the early 2000s this issue became bound up withconcerns about the oppression of minority women. This article examines theevolution of the issue over two decades, pinpointing when and why debatesover integration took on a gendered cast. The article's explanation centres on twofactors – the growing threat of the Front National coupled with the legitimationof gender-based claims in French politics. These claims were embraced byconservative politicians seeking to adopt a harder line toward immigration andled to the refashioning of core Republican concepts such as égalité and laïcité asbeing about gender equality. The use of similar themes by the Front National as ithas sought to move in from the political fringe reveals how gendered claims canbe deployed in an effort to keep anti-immigrant policies within the boundariesof liberal values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much of the scholarship on Jewish divorce assumes that civil marital laws are beneficial to Jews. This article complicates that assumption by focusing on a rarely acknowledged aspect of Jewish immigration in France. As France moved towards a stricter understanding of the separation of church and state, civil courts rejected the possibility of applying religious divorce laws to foreigners. Combined with the French practice of applying foreign law in cases involving immigrants, this shift resulted in Russian Jews being denied the right to civil divorce from 1905 to the 1920s. The confessional nature of Russian divorce thus continued to shape the lives of Russian Jews even after their immigration to France. The case of Russian Jewish divorce casts light on the shifting and contradictory understandings of the separation of church and state in France during the early years of the twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by Alain Robbe-Grillet’s novel La Jalousie (1957), the essay contends that Michael Haneke’s Caché (2005) takes its viewers inside a postcolonial white paranoia which is, arguably, the root cause of the exclusion, segregation and racist discrimination that many immigrants from the former colonies – and their children – are experiencing in contemporary France. It suggests that the entire film be read as the protagonist’s paranoid vision that imagines white privileges to be menaced by some non-white conspiracy. His obsession, which hinges on a fear of a reversal of the power inherent in ‘the gaze’, as brought out in the central ‘stalking plot’, informs the entire film’s narration and audiovisual make-up and explains, among other things, the serial repetitions and variations of certain settings and objects as the protagonist’s desperate attempt to create order in a threatening world. The construction of the film, however, also allows Haneke to critically comment upon his protagonist’s paranoia and demonstrate its ill-foundedness, for instance by pointing to a possible ‘banal conviviality’ (Paul Gilroy) between people of different ethnicities, cultures and religions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article follows the transatlantic journey of a minister named Jean-Louis Gibert and through his story illuminates an unexplored chapter in French Atlantic history. A Protestant minister from Languedoc, Gibert worked to create Protestant churches in Saintonge, but during the 1760s he fled France, moving first to England and eventually to South Carolina, where he and several hundred Huguenot refugees founded the frontier town of New Bordeaux. Gibert's story illustrates the global nature of eighteenth-century French Protestantism, divided as it was between those who stayed in the French "Desert" and those who found new lives as refugees. Like other Huguenots, Gibert first hoped to use emigration as a political strategy to force concessions from Louis XV. When this strategy failed, the minister and his neighbors left France entirely, promoting themselves as perfect immigrants who would use their skills to develop the British Empire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses network organizations founded by descendants of Turkish migrants in the Netherlands and France. By surveying members of two such organizations and interviewing several of their board members, we learn how these organizations function, their success in building and extending social networks, and their efficacy at improving labour market prospects for young second-generation professionals of Turkish descent. Our findings reveal a hybrid structure, whereby the organizations gear many of their activities towards mainstream society. In comparison to traditional immigrant organizations, their attitude is more open to other social groups, yet they still have a clear stronghold in the ethnic immigrant community. We conclude that ethnicity is not the main element in the successful second generation’s organizing process. Factors such as educational trajectories, professional ambitions, feelings of responsibility for other members and newly acquired socioeconomic status are the main reasons for this group to organize. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We examine the production and contested reception of a YouTube comedic performance by France-based comedic duo, Ro et Cut, involving Portuguese migrants in France. Specifically, we analyze Vamos a Portugal, a video which depicts one Portuguese migrant family's preparation for their annual summer return trip from France to the Portuguese "homeland." We use Bakhtin's notion of chronotope, i.e., discursive formulations of space, time, and person mobilizable in interaction, to analyze how performers and commenters construct spatiotemporally situated images of Portuguese migrants, while simultaneously positioning themselves spatio-temporally in relation to these images. In particular, we compare how France-based Lusodescendant and nonmigrant Portuguese commenters construct and react to the video. Many Lusodescendant commenters embrace the video as evoking a nostalgic personal, familial, and Portuguese past, from the perspective of an urban French present. However, nonmigrant Portuguese viewers in Portugal reject the video as evoking an outmoded and illegitimate version of Portuguese culture, from the perspective of a contemporary Portuguese present. Our comparison of the chronotopes through which differently positioned commenters interpret the video illuminates the contested politics surrounding performances of Portuguese migrant and national culture in the diaspora in France versus in Portugal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This introduction to the Special Issue provides a synthetic overview of scholarly and mainstream discussions about the Portuguese presence in France, while addressing how the different articles collectively and individually expand our understandings of the Portuguese in France as themselves highly reflexive producers of culture. We review common images of the Portuguese presence in France, including how Luso-French participants and cultural producers have responded to and contested such images. In particular, we discuss the following: 1. the relative (in)visibility of Portuguese migrants and their descendants from public life in both Portugal and France, as compared to other migrant and postmigrant groups; 2. how Luso-French cultural producers navigate their families' transnational lives and intergenerational relations as material for cultural production; 3. the politics surrounding the (il)legitimacy and differential circulation of various forms of Portuguese and Luso-French cultural products. We hope that the issue's focus on Luso-French cultural productions will allow fresh perspectives, and invite new questions to be asked about the legacies and future directions of Luso-France. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1962, the BUMIDOM, a state agency, was founded to organize and increase migration flows from the West Indies and La Reunion to the metropole. A major difference with the immigration from Sub-Saharan Africa was that, as French citizens, the migrants from the DOM were encouraged to come to metropole. Paris was a pivotal place where they were welcomed thanks to the creation of community centers. But experiences of living in the capital city also exposed the hardship and contradictions of this migration. Indeed, the egalitarian and republican discourse generated hope among migrants while the living conditions, particularly housing, were found to be disappointing. For these migrants, citizenship was not only formal but it enabled them to define places in Paris, such as the community centers, as specifically West Indian or Reunionese. These were spaces where a regional identity was built in-between a racialized definition and the2017 celebration of cultural particulars. It also expressed an irreducible difference between Sub-Saharan migrants on the one hand and West Indian and Reunionese ones on the other. Then, the common experience of discrimination was not enough to create a unified representation of a Black Paris beyond legal statuses and geographical origins. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article examines the meaning of public space and impact of heritage-led urban redevelopment in a diverse neighbourhood in Montpellier, France. It traces the relocation of a North African market from a central city plaza in favour of French antiques, and the resulting contestation over what constitutes local heritage, who has the capacity to determine how public space is used, and the seeming erasure of migrant identities and memories from an important community site. The paper considers how urban areas are re-imagined through a change in the materiality of public space, and outlines the role of outdoor markets in defining the social function of such spaces. The paper examines the intertwining of physical erasure (urban redevelopment and the removal of a diverse food market) and cultural erasure (the loss of certain community memories), and how these processes speak to broader debates about French national identity, cultural heritage, and the meanings attached to public spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An example of a particular town-centered maying custom in France indicates how participation in traditional festivals can work as an effective tool in social integration for individuals or groups, who find a place in their new communities through engagement in associative work. Some newcomers, however, cannot break into this positive spiral, in contrast to the active participants in the Lily-of-the-Valley Festival in Rambouillet, France. The emphasis here will be laid upon the participation of festival float-builders, their sense of cooperation and belonging, as well as their pride in carrying on what they always term 'the tradition' taken on from the example of 'elders'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is widely acknowledged and statistically demonstrated that, in recent years, there has been an increase in the number of doctors leaving Romania and settling in France, a country which has become the main destination of these specialists. The aim of this research was to investigate the associations between seven personal and professional variables and the migration phenomenon, taking into account the moderation effect of doctors' gender. The participants were 176 Romanian doctors working in France at the time of our investigation. The results showed that female doctors were more inclined to permanently reside in France with respect to fi ve of the seven variables, unlike men who seemed to be less inclined to choose permanent residence. Based on the results, a larger migration of Romanian doctors correlated with their choice to permanently reside in France is likely to affect the access of Romanians to high-quality medical services and this might further affect life quality in some areas of Romanian society. The article discusses the importance of this phenomenon to Romanian public administration and suggests potential policy/managerial implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies circulations between Algeria and France from the 1950s to the 1980s to analyze the social dynamics characteristic of Algerians in France and to highlight their range of choices and trajectories. Bypassing the historiographically dominant focus on male guest workers, this article claims that most flows between Algeria and France involved women and children, as well as men who had settled in France a long time ago. Moreover, it shows a large emigration flow from France to Algeria: of business men, vacationers or people moving back to Algeria. This analysis relies on statistical data as well as migrants' testimonies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A response from the author of the book "Ethnic Minority Migrants in Britain & France: Integration Trade-Offs" to several reviews the book is presented. Topics include his arguments on integration trade-offs, social segregation, postcolonial immigrants, how segregated networks can leverage economic and political gain, and how integration trade-offs can develop across generations.

A response from the author of the book "Shaping Immigration News: A French-American Comparison" to several reviews of his book is presented. Topics include the book's comparative research design and methodology, immigration experiences and processes in the U.S. and France, and media representations of immigration and the factors that influence journalistic organizations' practices.