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The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of growth management at different times of uniformization in plants of Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Paiaguás, associated with application of boron doses, quantifying the effects in the flowering and emission of reproductive tillers, and in the quantity and quality of pollen. The trial was conducted at Embrapa Gado de Corte in Campo Grande, MS, Brazil, in the 2018/2019 harvest, using a randomized block design with four replications, organized in a 3x5 factorial scheme, in which the three plant uniformization seasons consisted of, non-standardized (free growth), standardized at 67 days or 81 days after sowing, and the applications of five doses of boron, zero (control), 1, 2, 4 and 8 kg ha-1. The different doses of boron applied did not influence flowering, as well as reproductive tillering and the quantity and viability of pollen grains. The standardization management of the plants prolonged the flowering period of the cultivar. Plants kept in free growth showed greater quantity and viability of pollen grains, while the other uniformity times reduced the viability of pollen grains. Environmental factors such as precipitation and temperature interfered with reproductive tillering and viability of pollen grains.

A tri-trophic network of domesticated grasses (host), various aphids (vector) and barley yellow dwarf virus (pathogen) species has been spread by humans from Eurasia to the rest of the world. Understanding how climate, natural and agricultural landscapes challenge pathogens, vectors, and their natural enemies and shape their dynamics is the key to managing this pathosystem. This chapter provides an overview of this complex system and its evolution. The chapter includes a case study of biological control of aphids causing wheat BYDV in Brazil. The current challenge is to create tools that integrate knowledge of this complex pathosystem and facilitate monitoring and decision making for rational management to reduce the burden of disease.

The search for melon with high physiologic quality is essential to have competitive material compared to the imported. The analysis of images realized through X-ray is a technique that verify internal morphology and relates with the seed performance. In this way, the goal of this study was to evaluate the seed physiological quality from melon of Anton cultivar in function of different phase of maturation of stored and non-stored fruits through the visualization of internal morphology of seeds using X-ray images. The experiment was managed from December of 2016 to February of 2018. The yellow-melon fruits analyzed were cultivated in Embrapa Hortaliças greenhouse. The fruits were picked in five distinct periods: 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 days after anthesis (DAA). In each period were picked a total of 30 fruits where 15 fruits had their seeds immediately extracted after been picked, and 15 fruits were stored. The 15 fruits stored were packed in plastic box properly identified for a period of fifteen days in airy place with room temperature. The 30 fruits were subjected to the same process of seed extraction, washing and drying. The dried seeds from stored and non-stored fruits were submitted to the following analyses: X-ray test and the germination test. The treatment of 60 DAA over storage shown better performance with 67% in the germination test on the first counting and 87% of normal seedlings. This result is similar to the noted in the X-ray test where the treatment demonstrated 96% of filled seeds showing the viability of this tool to determine physiologic quality in the melon seeds.

Oseltamivir phosphate (OSP), marketed under the brand name of Tamiflu®, is a potent inhibitor of viral neuraminidase, a glycoside hydrolase enzyme essential for viral replication. OSP is also important to control influenza virus (H1N1) and is produced mainly from shikimic acid (SA) extracted from plants. The main source of SA is from seeds of I. verum. Alternatives to meet the worldwide demand are necessary. One of this is Cryptomeria japonica. In this study, we found a content of 56.36 mg.kg-1 of SA in dried biomass for C. japonica, while for I.verum, the traditional source, was 96.57 mg.kg-1. Due to the fact of C. japonica is a tree, exploited for commercial production, it can be a renewable and reliable source SA for OSP production.

The soybean crop in Brazil has been growing in area and productivity in recent years and the analysis of its energy efficiency is very important to guarantee the sustainability of the production system. Assessment of energy efficiency (EE) enables the evaluation of the sustainability of agrosystems, as well as decision-making regarding the reduction in production costs and negative environmental impacts. In this context, the objective of this study was to assess energy efficiency of soybean in different regions of Brazil. For this purpose, 29 areas of soybean across the major producing states were assessed. Energy inputs and outputs of agricultural operations and/or agricultural inputs were calculated by multiplying the amount used by their calorific value or energy coefficient at each stage of production. Energy efficiency was calculated as the ratio between the total output energy and the total input energy during the production process. For every MJ of energy consumed in the production of soybean crop, 6.1; 6.7; 7.1 and 7.2 MJ of energy were produced in the form of grain, respectively in the areas assessed in the Midwest, northeast, southeast and south regions of Brazil. Generally, the main energy expenditure on soybean cultivation in different regions of Brazil was with fertilizers, seeds and herbicides. The adverse weather conditions of the year / harvest evaluated in the south-central region of Brazil resulted in low soybean yields and consequently resulted in lower energy efficiency in these regions. The evaluation of energy efficiency in soybean crops to be representative must be carried out in different regions and edaphoclimatic conditions.

The objective of this work was to conduct a research on the banana consumption preference in the city of Cruz das Almas, Bahia. The results showed that 94 people were female, 82 males and 10 did not report, totaling 186 respondents. Regarding banana consumption, 44.0% reported consuming the fruit daily because of its nutritional value (29.0%). The attribute obtained 45.0%, being the preference for the cultivar Prata (51.0%). A percentage of 46.0% was observed for in natura consumption. The largest purchase site was in free markets with 59.0%. With this, the banana consumers preferences allow to establish strategies for the development of new cultivars.

The effect of storage temperature on the physical-chemical properties of poultry rendering meals (PRM) of whole broiler carcasses was evaluated. Chemical parameters, oxidation and biogenic amines (BA) profiles were determined. A completely randomized design in a 2x4 factorial arrangement (two stored temperature: 26 ºC or 7 ºC; and four storage times: 0, 24, 48 and 72h before rendering) was used. PRM nutrient levels were within the acceptable ranges determined for animal byproducts in all treatments and they did not influence PRM acidity index or TBARS (P>0.05). The peroxide index of all PRM was higher than the acceptable limit (>10 meq/1000g) but did not cause a rancid odor. Lower total BA content was determined at 72 h of storage in PRMs from refrigerated carcasses. The nutrient composition of PRMs shows quality enough to possibly be utilized as a feedstuff. Additional studies are needed to establish the safety of these byproducts as feedstuffs. Keywords: biogenic amines, byproduct, feedstuff, nutritional composition

The inoculation of seeds with nitrogen-fixing and plant-growth promoting bacteria is a well-established agricultural practice that has been increasingly adopted worldwide, decreasing costs and environmental impacts of food production. Most of the globally commercialized inoculants are for the soybean crop, and a method for recovery of Bradyrhizobium cells from inoculated soybean seeds for subsequent counting has been adopted by several laboratories of South America, especially to investigate the bacterial survival on seeds treated with pesticides. However, the use of inoculants containing Azospirillum brasilense in cereal crops has exponentially increased, requiring investigation about the recovery and counting of cells from inoculated seeds. We first verified that the method used for recovery and counting of viable cells of Bradyrhizobium from soybean seeds was not applicable for maize seeds inoculated with A. brasilense. We then modified several steps of the method, aiming at succeeding in recovering Azospirillum viable cells. The main limitation was identified in the nature of the seed tegument, dry and poor in nutrients, resulting in A. brasilense cell aggregation. Pre-hydration of seeds for 2 h in sterile distilled water, followed by shaking for 30 min in sterile distilled water with Tween 80 allowed proper counting of A. brasilense cells recovered from maize seeds. The method was successfully applied to count Azospirillum cells recovered from pre-inoculated maize seeds, and to estimate the impact of seed treatment with pesticides on cell survival.

Objetivou-se neste trabalho estudar o perfil soroepidemiológico de T. gondii em galinhas de criações de subsistência, galinhas de postura e frangos de corte na região metropolitana de Goiânia, Goiás e avaliar a correlação entre os dois testes sorológicos usados (MAD e HAI). Foram estudadas amostras de 450 aves, sendo 150 oriundas de cada tipo de criação, utilizando os testes de MAD e HAI. Das 150 aves de criação de subsistência em que se coletou amostra de sangue, 57 (38%) foram reagentes ao MAD. Das 150 amostras de galinhas de postura analisadas, 17 (11,3%) apresentaram anticorpos no exame sorológico. Dos 150 frangos de corte estudados, apenas sete (4,7%) foram reagentes ao teste de MAD. Quando comparada a positividade das aves em relação ao tipo de criação, houve uma tendência linear de positividade das aves tanto no MAD como no HAI no sentido corte, postura e caipira (p

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar efeito da calagem na saturação de bases, atributos de fertilidade e resposta produtiva do feijão-caupi [Vigna unguiculata (L.) walp] no estado do Pará. A pesquisa foi conduzida em um Latossolo Amarelo franco-arenoso distrófico, no município de Salvaterra-PA, com delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, utilizando seis doses de calcário com quatro repetições. Dose 0: V=10% condição natural de campo; Dose 1: V=25% (1,3 t ha-1); Dose 2: V=50% (3,6 t ha-1); Dose 3 V=75% (5,7 t ha-1); Dose 4 V=100% (7,9 t ha-1); e Dose 5 V=125% (10,1 t ha-1). A produtividade do feijão-caupi foi avaliada através do rendimento de grãos da cultivar BR-3 Tracuateua. O efeito da calagem aumentou o pH, a saturação por bases, teores de cálcio e magnésio, por outro lado, reduziu os teores de potássio e alumínio do solo. A aplicação de até 5,7 t ha-1 de calcário elevou os teores de fósforo no solo. As doses de calcário aplicadas (1,3; 3,6; 5,7;7,9 e 10,1 t ha-1) aumentaram respectivamente 4,8%,14,2%,18,1%,17,1% e 15,3% nos índices de saturação de bases do solo e 16,43%, 19,71%, 28,34%, 35,41% e 32,44% na produtividade de grãos secos de feijão-caupi. A máxima eficiência agronômica estimada para produção de grãos de feijão-caupi foi obtida com 7,1 t ha-1 de calcário. Desta forma, mesmo sendo tolerante a acidez, a calagem apresenta-se como potencial alternativo para incrementar produção de grãos feijão-caupi em Latossolo Amarelo da Amazônia.

The success of a biological control programme depends on the isolation and selection of antagonists. There is an enormous diversity of culturable microbial species in the soil, rhizosphere, phylloplane, spermosphere and carposphere, which can be used in the isolation and selection of antagonists. The structures of fungal plant pathogens concerned with survival and infection may also be sources of antagonists. Although non-culturable microorganisms and microbiome-based strategies have great potential for development as commercial products in disease control, more knowledge is needed to understand the mechanisms involved in interactions between plants and complex microbial communities. Methods of isolation and selection of the most commercially exploited groups of antagonists and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed in this chapter as well as those of non-traditional antagonists. Finally, possible strategies for engineering the soil and host microbiome to actively promote plant protection against pathogens are discussed.

Wheat blast is caused by the fungus Pyricularia oryzae Triticum pathotype (PoT). Significantly damaging wheat blast epidemics are sporadic and limited to tropical wheat growing areas in South America. Unexpectedly, wheat blast was reported in Bangladesh and Zambia in 2016 and 2020, respectively. The urgent need to deal with a poorly studied disease has mobilized the scientific community. Original research and reviews have been published in various venues. Nevertheless, disease control is still a difficult task. Much less research has, however, focused on crucially important and complex ecological interactions at the field, landscape, or regional levels. This chapter reviews aspects of the epidemiology of wheat blast, mainly those related to inoculum and its role for the epidemics. It then describes the models that have been developed by the authors as well as the decision support system. Examples of the implementation of a warning system in Bangladesh and Brazil are also illustrated.

Brazil has an extensive area where the climate and soil are suitable for oil palm growing. However, in part of this area, production has been limited by the occurrence of the fatal yellowing (FY) anomaly, whose initial symptom is the rotting of absorptive roots. This symptom can be more severe in oil palm genetic materials with a smaller root system. The aim of this study was to examine morphological traits of roots and shoots of seedlings of three oil palm genotypes with different degrees of resistance to FY, namely, Tenera (sensitive), Caiaué (resistant) and Interspecific Hybrid (resistant) to provide bases to elucidate the differential resistance of these materials to FY. Shoot biomass did not vary statistically between the genetic materials. The mass, length and area of fine and very fine roots were significantly higher in the Interspecific Hybrid than in Caiaué and Tenera. The fine and very fine roots of Interspecific Hybrid had a larger mass than Caiaué (114 and 133%, respectively) and Tenera (216 and 178%, respectively). The Interspecific Hybrid also exhibited higher values for the length of fine and very fine roots than Caiaué (155 and 99% respectively) and Tenera (228 and 94% respectively). The root traits of the Interspecific Hybrid and Tenera are compatible with their differential resistance to FY. Our results demonstrate the importance of expanding the study of the relationship between root morphology and resistance to FY in these genetic materials under conditions that favor the occurrence of the anomaly, such as flooding. O Brasil possui uma extensa área com clima e solo aptos ao plantio de palma de óleo. No entanto, a produção em parte desta área tem sido limitada pela ocorrência da anomalia Amarelecimento Fatal (AF), cujo sintoma inicial é o apodrecimento das raízes de absorção. Esse sintoma pode ser mais severo em materiais genéticos de palma de óleo que apresentem sistema radicular reduzido. O objetivo foi avaliar características morfológicas de raízes e parte aérea de mudas de três genótipos de palma de óleo com graus diferentes de resistência ao AF: Tenera (sensível), Caiaué (resistente) e Híbrido Interespecífico (resistente) para fornecer subsídios ao entendimento da resistência diferencial desses materiais ao AF. A biomassa da parte aérea não variou estatisticamente entre os materiais genéticos. Massa, comprimento e área de raízes finas e muito finas foram significativamente maiores no Híbrido Interespecífico do que no Caiaué e no Tenera. O Híbrido Interespecífico apresentou valores de massa de raízes finas e muito finas superiores em relação ao Caiaué (114 e 133%, respectivamente) e Tenera (216 e 178%, respectivamente). O Híbrido Interespecífico também apresentou valores superiores de comprimento de raízes finas e muito finas em relação ao Caiaué (155 e 99% respectivamente) e Tenera (228 e 94% respectivamente). As características radiculares do Híbrido Interespecífico e do Tenera são compatíveis com sua resistência diferencial ao AF. Nossos resultados demonstram a importância de ampliar o estudo da relação entre morfologia radicular e resistência ao AF destes materiais genéticos em condições que favoreçam a ocorrência da anomalia, como alagamento.

Sound waves are a prime component making up the environment, and they are present in almost all niches on the planet. In times of increasing noise pollution, the effect of sound stress on humans, animals, and microorganisms is well known. However, the possibility of this kind of pressure in the environment, affecting pathogenic fungi, which live in the background as saprophytes, has not been explored. Fungi can develop attributes and become virulent due to adaptation to selective pressure or stress. In this context, our group has become interested in evaluating the impact of sound stress on the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans, a pathogen that has high phenotypic plasticity. C. neoformans strain H99 was chosen for all assays. The yeasts were cultivated at 30°C, exposed or not to the frequency of 8 kHz. We observed morphological changes in these cells, such as the expression of phenotype virulence attributes: capsule expansion and melanin production. We also analyzed the number of viable cells after exposure, and we observed the yeast’s susceptibility to antifungals. After the treatment with 8 kHz, the cells showed a significant increase in the capsule expansion, an acceleration of the melanin production, and a slight reduction in the number of viable cells. Finally, tests performed with the antifungals showed a decrease in inhibition halo on the plate test. Our results are innovative and suggest that stress caused by sound could incite increased virulence in this fungus.

espanolEn este trabajo se presenta un estudio comparativo de tres metodos en la obtencion de muestras a bajo costo. Las muestras obtenidas son nanopaticulas de oxido de Hierro, oxido de Cobre y nanotubos de Titanio. Las dos primeras fueron obtenidas por el metodo Sol-Gel, precursores polimericos y la tercera muestra por el metodo de anodizacion quimica. Las muestras fueron caracterizadas por metodos opticos como Raman, Rayos X y microscopia electronica de barrido. Los metodos usados para la obtencion de las muestras son metodos quimicos de los cuales se pueden obtener excelentes muestras a un costo bajo y con el uso de laboratorios simples, sobre todo en Colombia donde las inversiones en laboratorios de investigacion es baja hasta el momento. EnglishThe samples obtained are nanopaticules of Iron oxide, copper oxide and Titanium nanotubes. The first two were obtained by the Sol-Gel, polymeric precursors and the third sample by the chemical anodization method. The samples were characterized by optical methods such as Raman, X-rays and scanning electron microscopy. The methods used to obtain the samples are chemical methods from which excellent samples can be obtained at a low cost and with the use of simple laboratories, especially in Colombia where the investment in research laboratories is low so far.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of energy supplementation on associative effects between forage and concentrate supplements and on the performance of beef cattle on a tropical pasture during the rainy season. Twenty-eight Nellore bulls averaging 19 months of age and 325.2 ± 4.1 kg were allotted to a completely randomized design and distributed into four paddocks of two hectares each with a tropical pasture for 84 d. The treatments consisted of bulls on Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés pasture without concentrate supplementation or bulls on Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés pasture receiving concentrate supplementation at 15 (S15), 30 (S30) or 45% (S45) of the total digestible nutrients (TDN) requirement. All bulls had ad libitum access to mineral supplementation. The amount and chemical composition of the supplement were adjusted every 28 d. Forage and supplement intakes were evaluated in all animals using fecal markers. Crude protein: digestible organic matter ratio decreased with supplementation; consequently, the imbalance between dietary protein and energy increased. Forage intake decreased with increasing supplementation. The substitution rates of pasture for supplementary feed were 0.14, 0.33, and 0.46 for bulls from S15, S30, and S45 treatments, respectively. However, the apparent DM digestibility increased linearly with supplementation level. Supplementation improved the assimilation of ammonia-N in the rumen. Energy supplementation for Nellore bulls on tropical pastures during the rainy season provides excess energy relative to protein, resulting in a substitution effect of supplement intake on forage intake. Moreover, energy supplementation does not improve body weight gain. Protein sources should be added to supplements for balancing protein and energy levels, thereby reducing a likely substitution effect. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito anti-helmíntico da Carapa guianensis (andiroba) sobre nematóides gastrointestinais em ovinos naturalmente infectados na Amazônia Ocidental. Ensaios de toxicidade com Artemia salina identificaram que os extratos etanólicos da raiz e caule da andiroba apresentaram uma CL50% igual a 530 ?g ml-1 e 170 ?g ml-1 , respectivamente. Essas concentrações, mais a dose duplicata foram testadas em grupos de ovinos naturalmente infectados por nematódeos gastrintestinais. Os extratos foram aplicados oralmente em dose única nos dias de tratamento. Amostras de fezes e sangue foram coletados para avaliar o perfil parasitário e hematológico. Os resultados demonstraram uma redução da carga parasitária de 86% e 59%, respectivamente, para a raiz e caule da andiroba na contagem de ovos por grama de fezes, enquanto no grupo tratado com closantel 7, 5 % a redução foi de 66%. Com relação ao número de larvas de terceiro estágio recuperados de ovinos após o tratamento, observou-se que os grupos tratados com raiz e caule de andiroba diferiram (p

The competitive in global market requires a continuous transformation in information technology contents, mainly by the insertion of new tools and techniques that rapidly evolve and are absorbed by members of the organizations. This advanced of new technologies in organizations scenario brought challenges addressed to need to collect, store, process and transform their data into relevant information to create competitive advantage. In highly dynamic business environments, the possibility of generating information pushes companies to use efficiently a huge volume of data, in both resources and capacities approaches. This paper aimed to analyze the relation between Big Data and competitive advantage using the resource-based view and the dynamic capabilities. Three international databases were used and analyzed 29 articles. Results indicated that both the resource-based view and the dynamic capabilities approach are used to analyze Big Data as competitive advantage creator. Two aspects were evidenced: the combined approaches can result in more consistent analyses; and the lack of a robust theoretical framework for Big Data analysis is evidenced by the predominance of descriptive articles and practical reports. Keywords: Innovation. Technology. Information Management. Competitiveness. RESUMO A competitividade no mercado global exige uma transformação contínua nos conteúdos de tecnologia da informação, principalmente pela inserção de novas ferramentas e técnicas que evoluem rapidamente e são absorvidas pelos membros das organizações. Este cenário de avanço de novas tecnologias nas organizações trouxe desafios enfrentados pela necessidade de coletar, armazenar, processar e transformar seus dados em informações relevantes para a criação de vantagem competitiva. Em ambientes de negócios altamente dinâmicos, a possibilidade de geração de informações impulsiona as empresas a utilizarem de forma eficiente um grande volume de dados, tanto em recursos quanto em capacidades. Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre Big Data e vantagem competitiva utilizando a visão baseada em recursos e as capacidades dinâmicas. Três bases de dados internacionais foram utilizadas e analisados 29 artigos. Os resultados indicaram que tanto a visão baseada em recursos quanto a abordagem de recursos dinâmicos são usados para analisar Big Data como criador de vantagem competitiva. Dois aspectos foram evidenciados: as abordagens combinadas podem resultar em análises mais consistentes; e a falta de um referencial teórico robusto para a análise de Big Data é evidenciada pela predominância de artigos descritivos e relatórios práticos. Palavras-chave: Inovação. Tecnologia. Gestão da Informação. Competitividade. The competitive in global market requires a continuous transformation in information technology contents, mainly by the insertion of new tools and techniques that rapidly evolve and are absorbed by members of the organizations. This advanced of new technologies in organizations scenario brought challenges addressed to need to collect, store, process and transform their data into relevant information to create competitive advantage. In highly dynamic business environments, the possibility of generating information pushes companies to use efficiently a huge volume of data, in both resources and capacities approaches. This paper aimed to analyze the relation between Big Data and competitive advantage using the resource-based view and the dynamic capabilities. Three international databases were used and analyzed 29 articles. Results indicated that both the resource-based view and the dynamic capabilities approach are used to analyze Big Data as competitive advantage creator. Two aspects were evidenced: the combined approaches can result in more consistent analyses; and the lack of a robust theoretical framework for Big Data analysis is evidenced by the predominance of descriptive articles and practical reports.

Geostatistics is the main technique used to efficiently determine spatial variability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of the principles of geostatistics in the use of semivariograms elaborated through parametric monitoring and the assumption automatically made by software in the map preparation of soil chemical attributes. Available phosphorus (P), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), base saturation (V%), sulfur (SO42-), and pH were compared from the soil chemical attributes of 60 samples of a Typical Oxisol collected at a 0-20 cm depth and a distance of 300 m between the points. The maps were compared using error matrices and evaluated by the Global Accuracy (GA), Kappa (K), and Tau (T) indexes. The parameterized semivariograms and the automatic software model assumption did not present a high coincidence for the available P and Mg2+, making it necessary to adjust the semivariogram variables in the spatial analysis as a function of the outliers, sum of squares of residuals, coefficient of determination, and cross-validation to better represent the variability of the data and thus avoid distortions of the sample point range that would affect the adequate representativeness of the attributes, which contrasts with the automatic model generated by the software. A geoestatística é uma das principais técnicas utilizadas para determinar a variabilidade espacial dos atributos do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o uso de semivariogramas elaborados através do acompanhamento paramétrico da geoestatística e seu pressuposto modelo realizado automaticamente por software na confecção dos mapas de fertilidade do solo. Foram comparados os mapas dos valores de pH, fósforo (P), potássio (K+), cálcio (Ca2+), magnésio (Mg2+), enxofre (SO42-) e saturação por bases (V%), provenientes de 60 amostras coletadas de área de Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico coletadas na profundidade 0-20 cm e malha de 300 m de distância entre os pontos. Os mapas foram comparados por matrizes de erro e avaliadas pelos índices Exatidão Global, Kappa e Tau. O uso de semivariogramas parametrizados e seu pressuposto modelo automático do software não apresentaram alta coincidência para os teores de P disponível e Mg2+, sendo necessário ajustes das variáveis dos semivariogramas na análise espacial em função dos outliers, soma dos quadrados dos resíduos, coeficiente de determinação e validação cruzada para melhor representação da variabilidade dos dados e assim, evitar distorções do alcance do ponto amostral para uma boa representatividade dos atributos estudados, o que contraria o modelo automático gerado pelo software.

Fish are among the vertebrate groups most susceptible to parasitic infections due to environmental characteristics that can favor the development of parasites; also, position of the host in food web has been associated with the parasitism. The aim of this study was to investigate the ecology of parasites endohelminth in Metynnis lippincottianus from the Curiaú River, in eastern Amazon (Brazil), as well as to evaluate the parasite-host interactions. From 110 specimens of M. lippincottianus examined, 76.3% were infected by one or more parasite species, and a total of 146 parasites such as Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus (Nematoda), larvae of Contracaecum sp. (Nematoda) and Neoechinorhynchus pterodoridis (Acanthocephala) were collected in intestine. However, the dominance was of nematode species, and the parasites had uniform or random dispersion. The parasitic infracommunities showed low Shannon-Wiener diversity (0.2 ± 0.3), low evenness (0.2 ± 0.3) and low species richness of parasites (1.1 ± 0.8). The abundance of Contracaecum sp. presented a weak positive correlation with the weight of hosts, and relative condition factor was not affected by the parasitism. This first study about parasites of M. lippincottianus from Curiaí­­ River basin is the first report of N. pterodoridis for this host.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o nível de ploidia de plantas diploides, mixoploides e tetraploides de bananeira (Musa acuminata Colla) obtidas há quatro anos e sua relação com a anatomia foliar. Mudas de bananeira foram submetidas à duplicação de cromossomos in vitro mediante exposição dos ápices à colchicina (concentrações e tempos variados). Após o processo foram contabilizados os diploides, mixoploides e tetraploides. Após quatro anos, a ploidia dos materiais foi novamente verificada por citometria de fluxo e a anatomia das folhas foi realizada para determinar uma possível relação. A análise estomática e citométrica foram eficientes para verificação de ploidia das plantas tetraploides. As plantas originais tetraploides e a maioria das mixoploides mantiveram-se estáveis geneticamente até o final deste estudo. No entanto, as brotações apresentaram-se diploides e mixoploides.

A técnica de gelificação iônica tem se mostrado uma das mais promissoras no encapsulamento de compostos bioativos. A utilização dos biopolímeros alginato/quitosana como material de parede apresenta resultados bastante satisfatórios quanto à retenção do composto dentro das partículas, além da possibilidade de liberação do conteúdo de forma controlada em condições específicas. Este trabalho consiste em uma revisão destacando as vantagens da utilização da técnica de gelificação e os estudos envolvendo os biopolímeros mais comumente utilizados.

The global demand for fuel from renewable sources has expanded rapidly in recent years and sweet sorghum is a crop with high potential for bioenergy production. This study aimed evaluate the performance of sweet sorghum hybrids belonging to the Embrapa Maize and Sorghum breeding program in different edaphoclimatic regions of Minas Gerais and to identify promising hybrids for bioenergy production, considering multiple traits of sweet sorghum. The study was conducted in two experimental areas of Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, in Sete Lagoas and Nova Porteirinha. A total of 36 sweet sorghum genotypes were evaluated, with 28 experimental hybrids and eight controls. The evaluated traits were: days from planting to flowering, plant height, fresh biomass yield, juice extraction, total soluble solids and tons of Brix per hectare. Analysis of variance, multiple comparison test, the Williams index of selection and the index suggested by Mulamba & Mock were performed. The results demonstrated the existence of genetic variability among the genotypes of sweet sorghum, demonstrating the possibility of selecting high-performance genotypes superior. The selection indexes employed were efficient in the selection of sweet sorghum hybrids with higher agroindustrial performance. It was possible to identify hybrids of sweet sorghum promising for bioenergy production.

In this study investigated effect of the different levels of fish and rapeseed oils, selenium, vitamin E and zinc in diet laying hens288 white-line layers were used from 45 weeks of age during 90 days. The performance and quality traits including egg weight, intake of feed, egg laying percentage, egg shell weight, white weight, weight and color of yolk were evaluated during the experiment. The results showed that the effect of adding of these supplements to diet of laying hens on performance (egg weight, egg production and feed intake) was not significant. An insignificant increase in yolk weight and significant egg yolk color were observed in treatments containing 2% fish oil and 2% rapeseed oil at a level of 0.2% selenium. A significant decrease in triglyceride levels was observed in treatments containing higher selenium levels. There was a non significant reduction in its cholesterol levels. The amount of vitamin E and selenium in egg yolk increased significantly with increasing fish oil level in diet. Also, higher levels of selenium plus fish oil in the diet increased the amount of useful fatty acids (omega-3) and reduced some unhelpful saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. This study showed that using organic selenium, vitamin E and zinc in diets, although didn’t affect performance of hens, but could reduce the level of cholesterol and triglyceride yolk and increase its peroxidation resistance.

Pigs, in natural conditions, can become infected with the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a pestivirus of ruminants that leads to reproductive and economic losses. The final third of pregnancy is a critical period for gilts due to stress and the consequent immunological drop. Thus, the objective was to promote the experimental inoculation of gilts with BVDV-2 and to evaluate the capacity of virus transmission to fetuses in a critical period of stress and immunosuppression. Six pregnant gilts were inoculated between the 105th and 110th day of gestation, the piglets born underwent blood collection (to obtain whole blood and serum) and an umbilical cord fragment at birth prior to colostrum ingestion, and had blood collected weekly up to 21 days of age. Samples from all placentas were also collected. Two gilts composed the control group, and their piglets underwent the same procedures. The blood, umbilical cord and placental fragments samples were submitted to RT-PCR evaluations, while the serum was evaluated by the virus neutralization test. There was no evidence of viral transplacental transmission to fetuses in the evaluated period.

Visceral larva migrans (VLM) is caused by Toxocara canis larvae infection, which is a small intestine parasite found mainly in dogs, infecting humans occasionally, causing inflammation and damage to several organs with clinical signs ranging from asymptomatic to nonspecific symptoms. The goal of this study was to investigate the occurrence of anti-T. canis IgG in children attended at Basic Health Care Units in the city of Lages, Santa Catarina Brazil. Children’s blood samples were collected by digital puncture, stored in filter papers and later analyzed by the Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to detect IgG antibodies against T. canis. Laboratory tests were conducted at the Zoology and Parasitology Laboratory of the Planalto Catarinense University (UNIPLAC). The research was conducted from July 2014 to May 2015, in children of both genders aged two to six years old, residing in the peripheral area of the city. Of the 82 children sampled, 43 were boys and 39 girls where 23.17% (19/82) aged five years old. Positivity for anti-T. canis IgG was 15.85% (13/82), i.e., 20.33% of all boys and 10.26% of the girls. Although the seroepidemiological anti-T. canis data in children at the national level present many variations, it is of paramount importance to know the parasitosis data atdifferent regions of Brazil, since the cities harbor an elevated number of urban dogs transiting in parks and schools.

Esta Nota Técnica responde a uma demanda da Confederação da Agricultura e Pecuária do Brasil - CNA dirigida à Embrapa Territorial sobre o uso e a ocupação das terras no Bioma Mata Atlântica que abrange total ou parcialmente 15 estados da Federação. A CNA, em sua demanda datada de 11 de maio de 2020, destacou as ?diversas políticas públicas de regulamentação do uso e da ocupação das terras pela atividade agropecuária (...) sobretudo no âmbito dos Programas de Regularização Ambiental estaduais? e sua atuação junto às federações estaduais de agricultura nessa temática, bem como sua necessidade de informações complementares urgentes quanto à dimensão territorial e socioeconômica da agropecuária no bioma Mata Atlântica. Em seu ofício, a CNA solicitou à Embrapa Territorial a elaboração de uma nota técnica sintética, em curtíssimo prazo, com base em análises por geoprocessamento, dando respostas a 14 questões específicas, mesmo se em caráter preliminar. Esta Nota Técnica, elaborada em poucos dias pela equipe da Embrapa Territorial, busca atender per tempus a demanda da CNA, da forma mais circunstanciada possível, questão por questão ou quesito por quesito, como segue. Made available in DSpace on 2020-07-28T11:17:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5309.pdf: 711299 bytes, checksum: 0145b8e59c4918c26340881068b1abc2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020 Nota Técnica

'Cratylia argentea' is a neotropical leguminous shrub that exhibits symbiosis with nitrogen (N) fixing bacteria and high levels of protein. Thus, it has potential for animal feed and green manure. In spite of its potential, few cultivars are registered for the species and there is little information in regard to its interaction with N-fixing microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inoculation with rhizobium strains on the growth and concentration of N in 'Cratylia argentea'. Seeds were inoculated with two strains of 'Rhizobium' sp.,CR 33 (BR10243) and CR42 (BR10244), and four strains of 'Bradyrhizobium' sp., CR52 (BR10257), CPAC-B10, SEMIA 6464 (BR3262), and SEMIA 6462 (BR3267), and sown in pots filled with sand and vermiculite in a greenhouse. After 150 days we evaluated the number of nodules, shoot and nodules dry matter, total nitrogen and crude protein contents for the shoots. The plants inoculated with CR 52 exhibited nodulation, with nodular efficiency of 0.189 and relative efficiency of 66.14%; it is possible to observe the effect of nodulation as of 85 days after sowing. Based on the obtained results it was identified the strain that showed symbiosis with 'C. argentea' and presents potential to be used as a commercial inoculant.

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the follicular diameter upon gestation rate of cows submitted to Artificial Insemination at Fixed Time (IATF). Methods: Forty-seven crossbred cows Bos taurus x indicus presenting cyclical luteal ovarian activity and under nursing were used. The cows were given 150µg of PGF2α via Intra-Muscular (IM). The diameter of the present largest follicle was measured through Ultra-Sound Examination (USE). After 24 hours, the cows were given 2µg of estradiol via IM and they were again evaluated through USE for certification of the follicular dominance. Later, they were divided into two treatments: treatment 1 (cows with dominant follicle

A field experiment was conducted from 2012 to 2015 aiming to evaluate two different P sources (TSP - triple superphosphate and NP - natural phosphate) associated with filter cake (FC) on soil microbial biomass, available P and sugarcane yield... Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-12T00:49:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArtigoAdemirAmendedSoilSugarcaneresidue.pdf: 741989 bytes, checksum: 723504525f6337e5049143862e97151d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-11

Thermophosphate consists of the thermal treatment of the rock, with or without addition of other materials, being an excellent source of phosphate fertilizer, presenting other nutrients and beneficial elements such as Mg and Si. In this work were used Al-phosphates from Sapucaia (Bonito, State of Pará) and slag of the blast furnace (Marabá, State of Pará), in the ratio 80/20, being subjected to calcination at 700 ºC and 1100 ºC with the objective of verifying the behavior of crystalline phases in these temperatures. The samples were calcined and then characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). These analyzes showed that the phosphate ore consists of phases of the crandallite group and quartz and the slag by amorphous material. After calcination at 700°C, the phases of the thermophosphate and slag-thermophosphate are restructured tending to amorphous, except quartz. At this temperature, the solubility of the phosphate material favors the increase in P2O5 content. At 1100° C the identified crystalline phases were: aluminum oxide, aluminum and iron phosphates, calcium and iron phosphates, and silicon oxide. Studies evaluating these materials in agriculture may determine their agronomic efficiency. Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-15T23:48:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Comportamentomineral.pdf: 627006 bytes, checksum: b163ec9e1685ddbca75d48a4330f5c59 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-15

A pododermatite plasmocitária felina, apesar de ser considerada uma doença de ocorrência rara na rotina de atendimento clínico veterinário é uma condição bem reconhecida na espécie felina. A doença caracteriza-se inicialmente pela edemaciação esponjosa e indolor dos coxins desses animais, sendo os metacárpicos e metatársicos mais comumente afetados. Essa edemaciação normalmente é acompanhada de descamação, eritema e surgimento de estrias esbranquiçadas, sem que haja alteração da simetria normal dos coxins. Em casos crônicos normalmente observa-se ulceração e hemorragia no local afetado, causando dor, lambedura, claudicação e, em muitos casos, relutância em movimentar-se. O diagnóstico é confirmado através de exame histopatológico, no qual pode-se observar alterações características da doença. Devido à relativa falta de informações publicadas sobre tal afecção, esse trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre os principais aspectos da pododermatite plasmocitária felina, alertando o médico veterinário sobre sua ocorrência e importância de seu correto diagnóstico.