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We aimed to investigate the association between an empirical lifestyle index for hyperinsulinemia (ELIH), empirical lifestyle index for insulin resistance (ELIR), and depression and anxiety in an adult Iranian population. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 6450 participants, aged 35–65 years were recruited as part of the MASHAD cohort study. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Depression and anxiety were screened using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). ELIH and ELIR were calculated using dietary intake, body mass index, and physical activity information. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression models were applied to determine the association between ELIH, ELIR, and depression and anxiety severity. In a fully adjusted model, participants with the highest ELIH quartile had a higher odds of more severe depression and anxiety compared to those in the lowest category (OR = 1.44; 95 % CI = 1.22–1.71 and OR = 1.62; 95 % CI = 1.37–1.25, respectively). Participants with the highest ELIR had higher odds of more severe depression and anxiety compared to those in the lowest category (OR = 1.22; 95 % CI = 1.04–1.43 and OR = 1.21; 95 % CI = 1.03–1.42, respectively). The assessment of dietary intake and mental health by questionnaires may increases the rate of misclassification. Due to the study's cross-sectional nature, causal relationships cannot be established. There was a significant positive association between the hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance potential of lifestyle and severity of depression and anxiety among Iranian adults. • Insulinemic potential of lifestyle includes diet, physical activity and BMI. • Higher insulinemic potential of lifestyle is associated with more severe depression. • Higher insulinemic potential of lifestyle is associated with more severe anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer, with a higher mortality rate in women worldwide. We aimed to investigate the association of the insulinemic potential of diet and lifestyle with the odds of BC using empirical indices, including the empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH), empirical lifestyle index for hyperinsulinemia (ELIH), the empirical dietary index for insulin resistance (EDIR), and empirical lifestyle index for insulin resistance (ELIR). Methods This hospital-based case-control study was conducted among Tehranian adult women aged≥30 years. The final analysis was performed on 134 women newly diagnosed with histologically confirmed BC as a case and 267 healthy women of the same age as control. A 168-food item food frequency questionnaire was used for assessing dietary intakes at baseline. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of BC across tertiles of EDIH, ELIH, EDIR, and ELIR were determined using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression. Results The mean ± SD of age and BMI of participants were 47.9±10.3 years and 29.4±5.5 kg/m2, respectively. EDIH score was related to the higher risk of BC based on fully adjusted models (OR:2.24;95%CI:1.21–4.12, Ptrend=0.016). Furthermore, subgroup analysis showed a higher BC risk with increasing EDIH score in postmenopausal women (OR:1.74, 95%CI:1.13-2.69) and those without a history of the oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use (OR:1.44;95%CI:1.02–2.04). Moreover, ELIH scores were positively associated with an increased risk of BC in postmenopausal women (OR; 1.98; 95% CI: 1.35 – 2.89), those with a family history of cancer (OR:1.94;95%CI:1.10–3.42), and in individuals who did not use OCP (OR:1.46; 95% CI:1.00–2.12). Conclusion Our results showed a possible link between EDIH and higher BC risk. Also, higher EDIH and ELIH scores were strongly associated with a higher risk of BC in postmenopausal women, those with a family history of BC, and those who do not use OCP.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer, with a higher mortality rate in women worldwide. We aimed to investigate the association of the insulinemic potential of diet and lifestyle with the odds of BC using empirical indices, including the empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH), empirical lifestyle index for hyperinsulinemia (ELIH), the empirical dietary index for insulin resistance (EDIR), and empirical lifestyle index for insulin resistance (ELIR). Methods: This hospital-based case-control study was conducted among Tehranian adult women aged≥30 years. The final analysis was performed on 134 women newly diagnosed with histologically confirmed BC as a case and 267 healthy women of the same age as control. A 168-food item food frequency questionnaire was used for assessing dietary intakes at baseline. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of BC across tertiles of EDIH, ELIH, EDIR, and ELIR were determined using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression. Results: The mean ± SD of age and BMI of participants were 47.9±10.3 years and 29.4±5.5 kg/m2, respectively. EDIH score was related to the higher risk of BC based on fully adjusted models (OR:2.24;95%CI:1.21–4.12, Ptrend=0.016). Furthermore, subgroup analysis showed a higher BC risk with increasing EDIH score in postmenopausal women (OR:1.74, 95%CI:1.13-2.69) and those without a history of the oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use (OR:1.44;95%CI:1.02–2.04). Moreover, ELIH scores were positively associated with an increased risk of BC in postmenopausal women (OR; 1.98; 95% CI: 1.35 – 2.89), those with a family history of cancer (OR:1.94;95%CI:1.10–3.42), and in individuals who did not use OCP (OR:1.46; 95% CI:1.00–2.12). Conclusion: Our results showed a possible link between EDIH and higher BC risk. Also, higher EDIH and ELIH scores were strongly associated with a higher risk of BC in postmenopausal women, those with a family history of BC, and those who do not use OCP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background We aim to assess the association of empirical dietary (EDIH) and lifestyle (ELIH) index for hyperinsulinemia with the risk of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, insulin sensitivity, and β-cell dysfunction in Iranian adults. Methods In this prospective study, a total of 1244 men and women aged ≥ 20 years were selected among participants of the Tehran lipid and glucose study and followed for 3.2 years. Dietary intakes were assessed using a valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary and lifestyle insulinemic potential indices were calculated using dietary intake, body mass index, and physical activity information. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the associated risk of a 3-year incidence of insulin-related disorders. Results The mean ± SD age and BMI of all eligible participants (42.7% males) were 43.0 ± 13.0 and 27.4 ± 4.9 in the study's baseline. After adjusting for all potential confounders, participants in the highest tertile of ELIH score had a greater risk of developing hyperinsulinemia (OR:2.42, 95%CI:1.52–3.86, P for trend =

Background: We aim to assess the association of empirical dietary (EDIH) and lifestyle (ELIH) index for hyperinsulinemia with the risk of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, insulin sensitivity, and β-cell dysfunction in Iranian adults. Methods: In this prospective study, a total of 1244 men and women aged ≥ 20 years were selected among participants of the Tehran lipid and glucose study and followed for 3.2 years. Dietary intakes were assessed using a valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary and lifestyle insulinemic potential indices were calculated using dietary intake, body mass index, and physical activity information. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the associated risk of a 3-year incidence of insulin-related disorders. Results: The mean ± SD age and BMI of all eligible participants (42.7% males) were 43.0 ± 13.0 and 27.4 ± 4.9 in the study's baseline. After adjusting for all potential confounders, participants in the highest tertile of ELIH score had a greater risk of developing hyperinsulinemia (OR:2.42, 95%CI:1.52–3.86, P for trend = < 0.001), insulin resistance (OR:2.71, 95%CI:1.75–4.18, P for trend = < 0.001) and insulin insensitivity (OR:2.65, 95%CI: 1.72–4.10, P for trend = < 0.001) compared with those in the lowest tertile. However, the risk of incident β-cell dysfunction was lower in individuals with a higher score of ELIH in comparison to those with the lowest score (OR:0.30, 95%CI:0.19–0.45, P for trend = < 0.001). Conclusions: Empirical lifestyle index for hyperinsulinemia was directly associated with insulin resistance, insulin insensitivity, and hyperinsulinemia and was inversely associated with β-cells dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Unhealthy diet and lifestyles play an important role in cancer pathogenesis. We aimed to investigate the association of insulinemic potential of diet and lifestyle with the odds of BC using empirical indices including empirical dietary (EDIH) and lifestyle (ELIH) index for hyperinsulinemia, and empirical dietary (EDIR) and lifestyle (ELIR) index for insulin resistance. Methods: This hospital-based case-control study was conducted among Tehranian adult women aged=30 years. The final analysis was performed on 134 women, newly diagnosed with histologically confirmed BC as a case, and 267 healthy women of the same age as control. A food frequency questionnaire was used for assessing dietary intakes at baseline. Results: The mean±SD of age and BMI of participants were 47.9±10.3 years and 29.4±5.5 kg/m², respectively. EDIH score was remarkably related to the higher risk of BC based on fully adjusted models (OR:2.24;95%CI:1.21-4.12, Ptrend=0.016). Furthermore, subgroup analysis showed a higher BC risk with increasing EDIH score in postmenopausal women (OR:1.74; 95%CI:1.13-2.69) and those without a history of the oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use (OR:1.44;95%CI:1.02-2.04). Moreover, ELIH scores were positively associated with an increased risk of BC in postmenopausal women (OR: 1.98;95% CI: 1.35-2.89), those with a family history of cancer (OR:1.94;95%CI:1.10-3.42), and in individuals who did not use OCP (OR:1.46;95%CI:1.00-2.12). Conclusion: Our results showed a possible link between EDIH and promoted BC risk. Also, higher EDIH and ELIH scores were strongly associated with an increased risk of BC in postmenopausal women, those with a family history of BC, and those who do not use OCP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]