Search

We study how the market return depends on the time of the day using E-mini S&P 500 futures actively traded around the clock. Strikingly, 4 hours around European open account for the entire average market return. This period's returns have a 1.6 Sharpe ratio and remain high after transaction costs. Average returns are a noisy zero during the remaining 20 hours. High returns are consistent with European investors processing information accumulated overnight and thus resolving uncertainty. Indeed, uncertainty reflected by VIX futures prices rises overnight and falls around European open. The results are stronger during the 2020 COVID crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence people who use the Ajaib mutual fund application. The proposed model considers factors from Technology Adoption Theory (TAM), which are implemented in this study to analyze how technology adoption impacts investments in online mutual funds, with Millennials being the focus of the primary research. This research is quantitative in nature and uses the survey method through the distribution of online questionnaires. Sampling using purposive sampling method. This study Used 5 internal variables and 3 external variables which are User Interface, Perceived Security and Perceived Risk. After collecting data from 400 respondents, it was found that there are several factors that positively influence the actual use of the online mutual fund application adoption system, User Interface, Perceived Security, Perceived Risk, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Attitude Towards Use, and Behavioral Intention off Use on the Ajaib application actual use of the system. This insight will be helpful for online mutual fund application developers to convert the traditional mutual fund into an online platform format. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focuses on exploring the extent to which the application/implementation of Permendag No. 31 of 2023 concerning Business Licensing, Advertising, Development, and Supervision of Business Actors in Trading Through Electronic Systems towards the Merger of Social Commerce TikTok Shop with E-commerce Tokopedia and how it impacts MSME actors which includes protection and an increase in their business turnover. This study aims to determine how the Implementation of Permendag No. 31 of 2023 is towards the merger of TikTok Shop with Tokopedia and to find out the impact on MSME players both in terms of Legal Protection and turnover income. In answering the problems in this study, we use a legal research method, namely Normative Juridical, where we focus on legal studies of Permendag No. 31 of 2023. The author examines the extent to which the implementation of the presence of the Permendag for MSME actors and the merger of TikTok Shop with Tokopedia. So in the end, we find the conclusion that the presence of this Permendag has fulfilled the need to protect business actors who carry out their activities through PMSE and the merger between TikTok Shop and Tokopedia which then merged into Shop Tokopedia which is currently managed under Tokopedia is by the contents of Permendag Number 31 of 2023, namely social commerce is not allowed to provide transaction services in it. Social media only functions as a social media service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the author analyzes the current state and development prospects of Ukraine’s stock market. A developed stock market ensures the economic growth of a country. For its functioning, institutional measures, market infrastructure, investment opportunities (market breadth), available resources and investment objects, and market trends are essential. The author notes a decrease in the number of market organizers in Ukraine and a reduction in the volume of exchange contracts from 2014 to 2022. The growth in trading in 2023 was driven by an increase in military domestic government bonds. Domestic government bonds have averaged 93.2% of all exchange contracts over the past ten years, reflecting the status of Ukraine’s stock market as a sector serving state needs for resource mobilization rather than fostering the economic development of industries, the private sector, and investment expansion. The main factors influencing the state of Ukraine’s stock market include the war, its impact on the economy, and institutional factors. Collaboration with international organizations, integration into the European Union, opening Ukraine’s market to foreign issuers, and the development of mobile applications and electronic trading platforms contribute to the development of Ukraine’s stock market. However, the prolongation of military actions, significant infrastructure damage, environmental harm, and the overall deterioration of the economy worsen the market’s development prospects. The presence of significant investment potential in the country, mechanisms for privatizing state enterprises, adherence to international standards, and readiness for market reforms can drive changes in the post-war period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study to review the online trading procedure a case study of online trading at iifl ltd., as the exchange has changed its trading from it and there is need to assess the performance of the capital market. Maintaining good records requires discipline, just like good trading. Unfortunately, many commodity traders don't take the time to track their trading history, which can offer a wealth of information to improve their odds of success Most professional traders, and those who consistently make money from trading commodities, keep diligent records of their trading activity. The same cannot be said for the masses that consistently lose at trading commodities [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public service media (PSM) are grappling with structural shifts in the audio-visual sector, notably the shift of audiences towards over-the-top (OTT) or subscription video-on-demand (SVOD) services. They have also heavily invested in online platforms, adapting their policies to engage digital users on their video-on-demand (VOD) platforms. This paper assesses PSM policies in Britain, Denmark, and Greece, examining initiatives regarding adaptation to the digital era. It explores whether they implement new strategies to expand their digital reach. Data from policy documents and interviews with BBC, DR, and ERT leading executives inform the analysis. Findings showed varied responses among PSM organisations, influenced by market dynamics and the evolution of broadcasting traditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies simultaneous multilateral search (SMS) in over-the-counter markets: When searching, a customer simultaneously contacts several dealers and trades with the one offering the best quote. Higher search intensity (how often one can search) improves welfare, but higher search capacity (how many dealers one can contact) might be harmful. When the market is in distress, customers might inefficiently favor bilateral bargaining (BB) over SMS. Such a preference for BB speaks to the sluggish adoption of SMS trading, like request-for-quote protocols, in over-the-counter markets. Furthermore, a market-wide shift to SMS may not be socially optimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The internet's profound impact on the food industry, particularly in product promo-tion, is expected to continue growing. This study assesses the internet's role in promoting food products in Kosovo by examining internet usage trends and exploring the opportunities and challenges for food businesses in utilizing online platforms. The research employs various methods, including statistical and descriptive analyses, comparative assessments of internet us-age trends, and correlation analyses to understand how internet usage affects social network engagement and website development within the food industry. The results indicate that a substantial 87.24% of Kosovo's population actively uses the internet, highlighting a significant online market potential. Additionally, a remarkable 98.6% of food businesses in Kosovo embrace internet resources. Notably, internet usage positively correlates with higher engagement on social networks (r=0.580) and the establishment of an online presence in the food industry (r=0.369). The study encompasses 38 interviews with food industry specialists, which reveal that food businesses are increasingly investing in online marketing, leading to heightened customer awareness, improved product recognition, increased sales, and enhanced customer interaction. Effective strategies encompass social networks, website development, banner advertisements on popular platforms, and collaborations with influencers. Nevertheless, challenges include heightened online competition and a lack of technical expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a developing country like Bangladesh, Members' satisfaction with stock exchanges was examined in this study based on the quality of e‐trading services. Five specific objectives were set to accomplish the main objective. This study further used a tangibility dimension, empathy factor, and responsiveness dimension to define E‐trading service quality. We conducted a descriptive and explanatory survey with 192 participants and 186 respondents (96.8%). The research design consisted of a mix of descriptive and explanatory methods. Data were collected through survey questionnaires with Likert scales using the SPSS (version 25) software program. Data analysis and interpretation were carried out using both descriptive and inferential statistics. It was found that both the Dhaka e‐trading center and stock exchange moderately practiced all study variables. The level of member satisfaction with stock exchange services is significantly influenced by the level of reliability, tangibility, empathy, assurance, and responsiveness of that service. Using regression analysis, it has been found that the dimensions of E‐trading service quality can explain 57.5% of the variation in stock exchange members' satisfaction. There is a positive statistically significant relationship between members' satisfaction with reliability, assurance, tangibility, and empathy, and no statistically significant relationship between members' satisfaction with responsiveness. Thus, exchange management bodies should improve practices regarding these dimensions of E‐trading service quality to increase member satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advertisers, recommendation-system designers, and public-health campaigners are investing heavily in online targeting, focusing intently on social-network platforms because of their ability to identify unique subpopulations according to the users' traits. A particularly informative trait is current behavioral intentions, which provide solid information about users' future behaviors; yet, the ability to infer such intentions constitutes a significant risk to users' privacy. An important task is therefore understanding to what extent we can infer behavioral intentions of social-network users solely using publicly-available data. In this article, we formulate intention inference as a time-series classification task and design novel Bayesian-network models that can capture the dynamically evolving nature of the human decision-making process by combining data and priors from multiple domains. We then extend our models to the more general case of attribute inference in the presence of scarce labeled data by introducing a new semi-supervised approach to user-modeling in social networks. We evaluate the performance of our models when used for the inference of five behavioral intentions using temporal, real-world social-network data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ialam is the property of Arab Federation for Libraries & Information and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Child & Adolescent Mental Health / Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sagligi Dergisi is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The move from open outcry to electronic trading added another responsibility to futures exchanges—that of matching orders between buyers and sellers. Matching systems can affect the level and speed of price discovery, the distribution of revenue, as well as the level of price efficiency of a given market. Whether the matching system is procedurally fair is another important consideration. I argue that while FIFO (First In First Out) is a fair procedure in principle and is perceived as the default matching system, it is not a fair procedure in practice. Likewise, while pro rata is a fair procedure in principle, it is not so in practice. Nevertheless, both FIFO and pro rata are relics of an open outcry system. Instead, I propose an alternative approach to matching systems that builds on the strengths of electronic trading—the ability to randomize in real time. I introduce random selection for service (RSS) as a matching system that is procedurally fair both in principle and in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital artwork can facilitate the spread of culture while preserving and sustaining its value. However, digital image transactions are trapped in the traditional trading modes. As digital technology and the Internet of Things progressed, society moved into the information age. Thus, our conceptualization of private intellectual property rights evolved, allowing for the removal of artificial barriers between rights owners and consumers. This study bridges this gap by developing an individually-tailored authorized trading platform for digital artwork. First, we use copyrights underlying digital artwork licensing as a lens to examine new copyright licensing model challenges and the use of value-added applications in the modern digital environment. Second, we analyze foreign digital artwork trading platforms to better understand the functions of a digital artwork image licensing platform. By using the questionnaire to determine what functions digital artwork platforms should include, we can shift the object of investigation to the artists themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals increasingly buy mutual funds via online platforms, whose "best-buy" recommendations heavily influence flows. As intermediaries of mutual funds, platforms provide none of the unobservable interaction or intangible benefits of brokers, and so allow clean tests of the determinants, influence, and value of their fund recommendations. Using unique U.K. data, we find that platforms favor "own-brand" funds and those paying them a higher commission share. Investors discount own-brand recommendations, but not those paying high commission shares (which were not observable in the United Kingdom). A regulatory ban on commission sharing lowered costs and improved the informativeness of platform recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Business Consultant / Poslovni Konsultant is the property of FINconsult Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The pervasive and omnipresent penetration of the Internet in our lives is inevitably changing our behaviour and the financial industry as such. This study discusses the psychological phenomenon known as the 'Fear of Missing Out' (FOMO) by elucidating its psychological basis and definition and why and how its effects are amplified under the influence of social media and social trading media. The study will demonstrate how FOMO and human interaction with social media and social trading networks can lead to irrational decision-making, financial risk-taking, and harm to personal and family wealth and psychological well-being. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing these effects and making more rational and informed choices in trading and investment to avoid gambling behaviour, copy investing, and trading, following the traders in the social trading network, which leads to excessive risk-taking. This study aims to utilize the advancements in behavioural finance and neural processes to explain the mechanism and impact of FOMO, trying to give a basis to safeguard individual e-traders from financial market errors and protect their personal and family wealth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since computers have been used to trade stocks on the trading floor, the stock markets have changed. Traditional bookmakers have been replaced by online portfolio management algorithms so that stocks and shares can be bought and sold quickly in competitive market. But because these algorithms need so much processing, it is hard to speed up the process and make computers profitable at the same time. By reducing the speed at which stock data is delivered to the computers that make quick decisions, the computational load can be reduced. Online algorithms for predicting the stock market and optimizing the portfolios may use decimated data if certain statistical conditions are met. We proposed decimated version of the algorithm to forecast the stock market prices for quick decision making and resource allocation. The proposed algorithm's performance is maintained if decimation rates are chosen in accordance with certain theoretical conditions derived from data analysis, and real-world stock market data supports the result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing self‐licensing theory, this study aimed to identify the psychological mechanism of the consumption of scarce fashion products on customer‐to‐customer (C2C) second‐hand online trading platforms. This research used a 2 (scarcity level: high vs. low) × 2 (consumers' environmental consciousness: high vs. low) mixed factorial design. Consumers with low environmental consciousness mediated ease of justification when exposed to scarce information, thereby increasing their impulse purchase intentions, while consumers with high environmental consciousness did not. The C2C second‐hand trading platform can contribute to the interests of both sellers and buyers as an exciting place to purchase scarce goods and consume eco‐friendly fashion products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach: This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused Portuguese banks to invest heavily in online tools and platforms to better serve their customers. Originality/value: The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, the development in reading comprehension performance of students in lower-SES versus higher-SES schools during and after school closures due to Covid-19 lockdowns was examined, and compared to a normed reference group. Furthermore, we explored protective factors against negative effects at the time of school closures, by pinpointing successful practices in a sub sample of resilient lower-SES schools. The total sample consisted of 2202 students followed from grade 2–4. Overall, we found that students in lower-SES schools made less progress over time than students in higher-SES schools. On average, students made less progress during the lockdowns, but here, the interaction with SES was not significant. Students' reading comprehension levels partially recovered after the lockdowns. Questionnaire-data revealed that schools were better prepared during the second lockdown, with teachers making more use of digital means, and providing more online reading instruction. In addition, collaboration with the parents seemed to have improved. The in depth interviews with resilient lower-SES schools revealed that the introduction of online education and investing in educational partnerships with parents may have helped to minimize the negative impact of lockdowns. We conclude that lockdowns have a negative effect on the development of reading education, but that students are resilient. Digital means and partnership with parents may be seen as protective factors to attenuate the negative effects of emergency remote teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2021, the abnormal short-term price fluctuations of GameStop, which were triggered by internet stock discussions, drew the attention of academics, financial analysts, and stock trading commissions alike, prompting calls to address such events and maintain market stability. However, the impact of stock discussions on volatile trading behavior has received comparatively less attention than traditional fundamentals. Furthermore, data mining methods are less often used to predict stock trading despite their higher accuracy. This study adopts an innovative approach using social media data to obtain stock rumors, and then trains three decision trees to demonstrate the impact of rumor propagation on stock trading behavior. Our findings show that rumor propagation outperforms traditional fundamentals in predicting abnormal trading behavior. The study serves as an impetus for further research using data mining as a method of inquiry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the GameStop frenzy in 2021, this article defines meme investors as a new group of investors in financial markets while demonstrating meme investors' regulatory and social implications. By comparing meme investors with traditional investors under the MiFID II regime, this article finds that meme investors are significantly less wealthy than traditional investors, trade via digital trading platforms, and rely on social media information for investment decision making. This article argues that the emergence of meme investors is an expression of the public's desire for financial inclusion and their frustration with traditional financial institutions. Therefore, properly engaging with meme investors is crucial for rebuilding the public's trust towards regulators. After illustrating meme investors' exposure to default risks, legal uncertainty, and online misinformation, this article calls for regulators to engage with social media meme investors and improve financial literacy among the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the relationship between online marketing and social media apps (Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, and LinkedIn) or content apps (YouTube and Netflix), focusing on Albanian markets. Based on the analysis of 525 Albanian social media users from different age groups, the findings illustrate that 90% of the respondents prefer to use a smartphone rather than a personal computer for small tasks in their daily life. Except for LinkedIn and Facebook, all social media apps had higher usage rates among the younger demographic, according to data analysis. The most popular app among older generations is Facebook. Based on age-based differentiation strategies, our data support the findings. Every app can help businesses reach the Youth category (aged 14 to 24), but social networking apps and YouTube should be the main priorities. Adults in the target audience in the 25-45 age range can be found primarily on Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube, while people over 45 can be found primarily on Facebook. Specifically, companies investing in online marketing can use Instagram and YouTube, which are more popular among younger social media users, while older users prefer Facebook and LinkedIn. Meanwhile, it would be better not to use in-app purchase strategies for companies that intend to invest through their apps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet-based crowdinvesting market in Europe has developed significantly since its start in 2007 and has become an alternative source of finance for entrepreneurs to sell securities through the Internet to small investors. This market evidences a great variety in platform design and contract forms used by crowdinvesting platforms. By analyzing more detailed, hand-collected data on the complete set of successful and unsuccessful crowdinvesting campaigns run in Germany, this article tests whether different platform and contractual mechanisms affect crowd participation. The results show that crowd participation is largest when the minimum ticket size is small, the crowd is pooled in a financial vehicle, and the crowd is offered investments in the form of profit-participating loans. Moreover, the very same mechanisms increase the chances of achieving successful campaigns and raising a larger amount. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last 20 years, the financial sector has undergone an unprecedented transformation due to new regulations and the implementation of several technological advancements. The combination of regulation and technology has brought about new financial processes that have fundamentally changed how financial market making is done. This paper studies the ethics of financial market making and its implications for one of the most controversial financial innovations of modern times, namely high-frequency trading (HFT). We claim that the Aristotelian distinction between natural chrematistics, which is aimed at serving the real economy, and unnatural chrematistics, whose ultimate purpose is wealth accumulation, can be a useful criterion to assess the ethics of financial market making and the goodness of an innovation as HFT, and how it can serve the common good of society. This approach can be defined as 'purpose oriented' or 'purpose fulfillment'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Risk elements are crucial to our study of commodity e-trading risk, and how to identify the elements of commodity e-trading risk is important to risk analysis. To solve this problem, based on the risk factor recognition method based on text mining technology, syntactic dependency analysis is integrated to analyze the sentence structure and semantic relationship, reduce the interference of meaningless content in the text to the clustering result, and improve the recognition effect of risk factors.so that the identification of risk elements is more comprehensive and objective. In the empirical analysis, the topic model in text mining was improved, based on dependent syntactic analysis techniques were integrated, and the effectiveness of the model was significantly improved when comparing before and after the improvement. The risk elements identified not only include almost all widely studied elements, but also some elements rarely mentioned in the existing literature, which illustrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the method. The method provides an important complement to traditional qualitative analysis methods, and the identified risk elements are an important reference in risk analysis, assessment and early warning of the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electronic tendering and bidding system has realized the digitalization, networking, and high integration of the whole process of tendering, bidding, bid evaluation, and contract, which has a wide range of applications. However, the trust degree, cooperation, and transaction efficiency of the parties involved in electronic bidding are low, and bidding fraud and collusion are forbidden repeatedly. Blockchain technology has the characteristics of decentralization, transparent transactions, traceability, non-tampering and forgery detection, and data security. This paper proposes a design path of an electronic bidding system based on blockchain technology, which aims to solve the efficiency, trust, and security of the electronic trading process. By building the underlying architecture platform of blockchain and embedding the business process of electronic bidding, this realizes the transparency, openness, and traceability during the whole process of electronic bidding. This paper uses qualitative and quantitative methods to prove the effectiveness of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2012, Congress enacted Title III of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the "JOBS Act"), which it named the Crowdfund Act, to create an exemption from registration under the Securities Act of 1933 that, in the words of President Barack Obama, would allow "ordinary Americans . . . to go online and invest in entrepreneurs that they believe in." While perhaps wellintentioned in principle, Regulation Crowdfunding imposes material limitations and costs on the issuer, leading most issuers to conclude that the inclusion of unaccredited investors in a crowdfunding campaign is not worth the complexity and expense. Furthermore, the most heavily utilized exemptions from registration, contained in Rule 506, either expressly prohibit the inclusion of unaccredited investors or incentivize the exclusion of unaccredited investors due to burdensome disclosure requirements. Therefore, unaccredited investors are largely structurally excluded (whether explicitly or implicitly) from the vast majority of investment opportunities in private companies. Indeed, many counsels actively advise their clients not to raise capital from unaccredited investors for the reasons discussed above. This result makes little sense when unaccredited investors have the ability, from a securities law perspective, to invest unlimited capital into high-risk publicly traded "penny stocks" in the over-the-counter (OTC) markets without restriction, but are then functionally excluded in practice from investing an appropriate amount of funds alongside experienced accredited investors in most private offerings. Furthermore, companies conducting a Regulation Crowdfunding offering often resort to such an offering due to failure to raise sufficient capital under Rule 506. Thus, unaccredited investors are often resigned to the "bottom of the barrel" in the world of private offerings, with issuers being disincentivized to include them in higherquality private offerings due to increased cost and inconvenience. This Article explores how the exemptions in Rule 506 could be reformed to remove regulatory barriers and disincentives for the inclusion of unaccredited investors while also including aspects of Regulation Crowdfunding and other exemptions that afford reasonable investor protections for unaccredited investors. Specifically, Part I of this Article reviews Title III and Regulation Crowdfunding, as well as both Rule 506(b) and Rule 506(c), to provide context for analysis. Part II of this Article then reviews recent legislation, rulemaking, and guidance that sought to bolster Regulation Crowdfunding to encourage greater utilization by issuers and investors. Finally, Part III of this Article explores how the Rule 506 exemptions could be reformed to allow unaccredited investors a meaningful opportunity to participate in such offerings without penalizing the issuer while still maintaining reasonable investor protections for such investors. Ultimately, this Article recommends reforms to the Rule 506 exemptions that would allow unlimited participation by unaccredited investors while maintaining adequate protections for unaccredited investors through reasonable investment limits and meaningful co-investment alongside accredited investors, rather than defaulting to costly and complex disclosure requirements or requiring intermediaries, such as funding portals or brokers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dark Net has changed the way drugs are traded globally by shifting trade away from the streets and onto the web. In this paper, I study whether the shutdown of Dark Net marketplaces has an impact on the amount of drugs traded in the streets and on crimes that are normally associated to street drug dealing. To identify a causal effect, I use daily data from the US and exploit unexpected shutdowns of large online drug trading platforms. In a regression discontinuity design, I compare crime levels in days after the shutdowns to those immediately preceding them. I find that shutting down Dark Net marketplaces leads to a significant increase in drug trade in the streets. However, the effect is short-lived. In the days immediately following shutdowns, marijuana-related crimes increase by around five percent but revert to pre-shutdown levels within eighteen days. I find no impact of shutdowns of Dark Net marketplaces on thefts, assaults, homicides and prostitution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we assess whether German private investors gamble in the stock market. Other studies that have analyzed private investors' preferences with regard to lottery-like characteristics have used retail or discount brokerage data. They have shown that stock trading has common entertainment features with traditional gambling. In particular, clients of discount brokers may invest for speculative purposes and thus have disproportional preferences for lottery-like characteristics. In consequence, assessing preferences by solely using a subset of investors—associated brokerage clients—may lead to substantially biased results. We assess this issue by using SHS-base data from Deutsche Bundesbank which captures the aggregate holdings of the German private sector. In line with the research, we find that German private investors overinvest in stocks with lottery-like features. Yet, when assessing the economic significance of the aggregate overinvestment, the effect is negligible. Further, we do not find consistent evidence of skewness that positively affects the aggregate holdings of the private sector. As studies have identified preferences for skewness as a driving force for retail investors' stock purchases, our results challenge the preconceived notion of which characteristics actually induce (disproportional) private sector investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we present a type of media disorder which we call 'junk news bubbles' and which derives from the effort invested by online platforms and their users to identify and circulate contents with rising popularity. Such emphasis on trending matters, we claim, can have two detrimental effects on public debates: first, it shortens the amount of time available to discuss each matter and second, it increases the ephemeral concentration of media attention. We provide a formal description of the dynamic of junk news bubbles, through a mathematical exploration of the famous 'public arenas model' developed by Hilgartner and Bosk in 1988. Our objective is to describe the dynamics of the junk news bubbles as precisely as possible to facilitate its further investigation with empirical data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]