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Nowadays, we can notice that the e-commerce website is becoming more and more important for people's life. Whether they want to command products or services, e-commerce websites can give consumers a consumption pattern convenient and different to traditional consumption patterns. Since the online consumption is inseparable from users' personal information like address, bank account, and preference, the privacy terms should be taken seriously by users. By selecting Alibaba and Amazon electricity supplier websites, this document compared their privacy policy such as the types of gathering information, uses of cookies, security measures as well as the regulations of minor users, etc. The aims of this document are to find out their differences and similarities, analyze their characteristics, and put forward the suggestion on the construction of privacy policy. This document will help the user to understand the content of the privacy policy of e-commerce websites and try to give them some propositions to protect their personal information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of its Digital Single Market Strategy (DSMS) the EU Commission is currently engaged in a discussion of whether the liability principles and rules envisaged by Directive 2000/31 (the E-Commerce Directive) should be amended. One of the principal concerns in relation to unlicensed online intermediaries (notably unlicensed hosting providers) is that these have been increasingly said to invoke the safe harbour immunities in the E-Commerce Directive lacking the conditions for their application. This alleged abuse has led to a distortion of the online marketplace and the resulting "value gap" indicated by some right holders. This contribution discusses a recent proposal advanced in France which asks for the removal of the safe harbour protection pursuant to art. 14 of the E-Commerce Directive for hosting providers that give access to copyright works. After addressing some of the points raised by the French proposal, this work concludes that the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) has not erred in its interpretation of relevant provisions of the E-Commerce Directive and that--in practice--the removal of safe harbour protection for passive hosting providers that give access to copyright works would not provide any distinct advantages to right holders. Overall, the current framework already provides an adequate degree of protection: what is required is a rigorous application by national courts of the principles enshrined in the E-Commerce Directive, as interpreted by the CJEU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concerned research paper deals with the legal world conflicts and the consequent repercussions which are born out the dawn of e-commerce in today's age. The idea of conducting businesses online seems to be very economical and very convenient, but very few know the status of its legality or the legal aspects which are tied with a process like this, in which there is no 'personal touch' involved between the parties. In this era where internet and online shopping, transaction have become a necessity to us, it is very vital for a layman to know what a simple click on 'I Agree' can do. The researcher, via the medium of this paper hopes to inculcate the basics of legality in India and legal repercussion of e- commerce, to the readers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-commerce and M-commerce are ICT-enabled practices for doing global business, which offers multiple benefits to increase the productivity of business organizations, government organizations, and society. Higher usages and penetration of these practices by different stakeholder lead to the improvements in national productivity of India. This paper sheds light on the research question as to why customers are reluctant about online commerce though it provides many benefits to different stakeholders. These different attacks on electronic commerce (EC) and mobile commerce (MC) systems are discussed and security enhancement strategies are presented in realm of productivity. The needs of public policies are presented and related policies are discussed with its impact on penetration of EC and MC system in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the social media advertising policy in the Netherlands. The Dutch government introduced the Advertising Code Social Media in 2014 to address the risk posed by the lack of information on the relationship between advertisers and influencers, such as bloggers and other content creators. Advertisers are advised to always make sure to record when their relationship with influencers starts and ends.

The article examines the regulatory issues regarding the U.S. sharing economy. Topics discussed include use of peer-to-peer ("P2P") transactions in internet commerce; laws related to short-term rental platforms and transportation network companies (TNCs); and differences between traditional service providers and electronic commerce.

The article discusses the history of Bitcoin, a digital asset and a payment system along with the mechanics of the Bitcoin protocol and the bitcoin wallet and block explorer service blockchain. Topics discussed include use of the blockchain to track other property interests; risks associated with Bitcoin such as black markets, consumer protection, and tax evasion; and need of a disclosure requirements and tax classifications for the broader adoption of Bitcoin.

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The WikiLeaks affair and proposed copyright bills introduced in the Senate are evidence of a new, extralegal path of attack aimed at preventing access and disrupting the payment systems and advertising of targeted sites. In this model, the attacker may be a government agency seeking to circumvent constitutional constraints on its power or a private company trying to enforce its interests beyond those afforded by procedural or substantive safeguards in the law. The vector of attack runs through the targeted site's critical service providers, disrupting technical services, such as Domain Name System service, cloud storage, or search capabilities; and business-related services, such as payment systems or advertising. The characteristics that make this type of attack new are that it targets an entire site, rather than aiming for removal or exclusion of specific offending materials; operates through denial of business and financial systems, in addition to targeting technical systems; and systematically harnesses extralegal pressure to achieve results beyond what law would provide or even permit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thailand has been one of the most successful developing countries. This progress came to a sudden halt in 1997 when the Asian financial crisis hit this country. Thailand responded by creating a favourable environment for business incubation as a high priority at the national government level. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the steps taken by the Thai government to encourage e-commerce entrepreneurship as a key component of its successful reaction to the economic crisis of 1997 and e-service as a source for its future national competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop a game-theoretical model to show that in the markets where price consistency across channels is critical, an incumbent brick-and-mortar retailer can deter the online entry of a pure-play e-tailer by strategically refraining from entering online. In the markets where price consistency is not a constraint, we find that the incumbent can deter the e-tailer's entry only if it enters online and credibly operates the online channel as an independent profit center. In other words, the incumbent must be willing to cannibalize its own brick-and-mortar business by charging a low online price. We also discuss some social welfare implications of retail online entry and the managerial insights of our analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the latest edition of Baker & McKenzie’s column on developments in EU law relating to IP, IT and Telecommunications. This article summarizes recent developments that are considered important for practitioners, students and academics in a wide range of information technology, E-commerce, telecommunications and intellectual property areas. It cannot be exhaustive but intends to address the important points. Additional commentary is also provided in relation to a few select areas of particular interest. This is a hard copy reference guide, but links to outside web sites are included where possible. No responsibility is assumed for the accuracy of information contained in these links. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Examines the social issues related to policy making in electronic commerce. Analysis on the issues of trust and digital democracy; Concerns in the light of different policy issues arising from the use of network technologies; Importance of a holistic approach to policy making.

Reports the need of the United States Federal Government to pass a legislation to tax Internet sales transactions. Comments on the Internet Tax Freedom Act; Jurisdiction of US taxing powers; Discussion of electronic commerce taxation problems.

Abstract. The growth in electronic commerce has led a number of countries to develop national level plans and statements on electronic commerce or the information economy. The evaluation of these plans is difficult. An evaluation framework taken from the economics field is used to assess the value and the emphases of these plans. The factors considered are efficiency, justice, growth and stability. A revised model for evaluating electronic commerce/information economy policies is presented and discussed. This takes into account the significance of economic globalisation, cultural and linguistic concerns and security issues. Three national plans are evaluated to determine relevant factors for inclusion in such a framework. The policies are then compared and the implications for businesses, university educators and researchers are discussed. Companies should expect the trend of globalisation to continue and therefore they should attempt to re-position themselves to take advantage of new markets and new ways of doing business via the Web. Universities must position themselves for the improvements in telecommunications infrastructures by developing on-line multi-media courses and making sure all students are equipped with skills for the information economy. Researchers must start to develop links with industry since the funding for future research will inevitably come from the private sector if the guiding principles of these plans are taken seriously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explores why the New Zealand government should be directing electronic-commerce policy for small business. Current role of government in the electronic-commerce marketplace; Course of action required from the government; Government initiatives related to electronic commerce.

The article discusses how pursuant to Article 18(1) of the Chinese E-Commerce Law, e-commerce business has an obligation, when providing search results for goods and services based on consumers' hobbies, consumption habit, or any other traits, to provide them with options that do not target their identifiable personal traits. It mentions the law does not provide any elaboration on the precise scope of application of the said provision.

Focuses on the role the government on electronic commerce and trade in the United States. Negotiation of international rules restricting the ability of the government to regulate electronic commerce; Focus of the World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference on the negotiation issue; Scope and implications of electronic commerce.

Focuses on the role of the government in promoting electronic commerce in the trade sector in Canada. Importance of electronic commerce in the expansion of international trade; Details and implementation of the World Trade Organization Work Program; Analysis of jurisdiction for domestic regulatory purposes.

As digital transactions become more common the need to regulate the commercial frontier of cyberspace becomes increasingly urgent. This has been recognised by national governments, supranational bodies and international organisations. The regulations proposed have though been offered in a piecemeal fashion. National governments attempt to fit cyberspace within the four corners of their (familiar) domestic jurisprudence, and even supranational and international bodies have been guilty of simply extending previous rules to the realm of cyberspace. This paper suggests that a coherent approach to the regulation of electronic commerce may start with an identification and application of principles rather than with the transference of rules. It uses as a reference, proposals for the modernisation of land transfer systems introduced in Canada and Australasia, currently being evaluated by the Keeper of the Registers of Scotland and the Law Commission/HM Registry. Underlying these proposals is a central issue: how are traditional formal requirements for property transactions accommodated in cyberspace? More fundamentally, if that most formal of transactions, the transfer of real property, can be modernised to meet the challenge of a new digital age, can not all modes of commerce be similarly modernised for the digital era? This paper evaluates whether a principled approach to answering these questions can, more generally, provide a workable framework for approaching e-commerce regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the regulation of electronic commerce by federal government and agencies in the United States. Benefits of digital communications; Principles of legislation and regulation; Compliance to the Administrative Procedure Act; Implications of the Taxpayer's Defence Act and the Regulatory Fair Warning Act on taxation.

Electronic commerce will generate a number of new policy issues, few of which are presently being considered. Lawmakers and regulators have been so focused on establishing appropriate rules for vendors and service providers that they have failed to consider the larger consequences that the ensuing network architecture may have for the economy as a whole. Examining the forces driving electronic commerce and its likely impact on network deployment given recent telecom reform, this article argues that the government should reconsider common carriage as a means of assuring network access in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The latest international updates from our correspondents around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]