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In the transportation industry, the use of renewable energies has been implemented in conjunction with the development of higher-power electric motors and, consequently, the development of intelligent control systems for torque and speed control. Currently, the coupling between both systems is being developed through mechanical systems, affecting the efficient transmission of energy and the useful life of the components. On the other hand, new configurations of electric motors are being developed, such as axial flux motors (AFM), because these can be coupled directly without a mechanical coupling, given their characteristics of high torque at low speeds. In the present work, an innovative design of a multipole axial flux motor (MAFM) is introduced. General criteria for the design and construction are presented considering the geometry in axial flux and permanent magnets. The performance of the system is evaluated through finite element magnetic simulations (FEMM) and compared with experimental measurements of the developed prototype; confirming the effectiveness of the design, obtaining torques of up to 1.784 Nm without extra mechanical couplings and maximum speed regulation errors of 8.43%. The motor was controlled by a digital pole switching system whit six control mode, applied to a permanent magnet MFA for speed and torque control at constant speed. This control can be extended to conventional radial flux electric motor configurations and intelligent traction applications, based on torque demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at presenting a novel model of the Aluminium Composite Panels (ACPs) cladding system. The main objective of this work is to find the air gap and the suitable and economical number of fire barriers between the external wall of the high-rise buildings and the ACPs used for cladding. For this purpose, a simulated fire experiment was conducted using Grasshopper and Galapagos software. The integrated novel model of ACPs proposed changes in the material used, like wet and hot insulations using special latest products like Fenomastic hygiene emulsion paint. The input parameters used to investigate the validity of the proposed numerical model are the initial fire temperature, the facade material elements, the facade elements' properties, the elements' fire resistance, and the time. As a result, the optimal value for the air gap is 111 mm. Furthermore, using four barriers in the air cavity plays a major role in neutralizing and limiting the fire spread to the external facades, minimizing the risk, and reducing harmful effects to the inhabitants of the high-rise buildings. These findings and results will contribute to improving and enhancing the behavior of the fire flame in high-rise buildings, in addition, to eliminating the fire risk for the habitant's life in the high levels of tall buildings and conserving the environmental periphery including neighboring buildings, human beings, vehicles, and all other equipment and materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motor control applications using small fast-spinning motors, and the advent of SiC and GaN switching transistors, are driving a need for compact drives with high-frequency control loop updates. FPGAs provide the necessary speed and flexibility for such control. Drives must also adhere to functional safety standards. This paper demonstrates how the functional safety of an FPGA-controlled drive can be analysed using an FMEDA and enhanced with diagnostic methods to achieve ISO 26262 ASIL B or IEC 61508 SIL 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The TC48 drive is a low-cost, low-voltage integrated motor-drive solution suitable for mild hybrid electric vehicles, off-highway traction, and any application where a compact, highly torque-dense machine is required. Low-voltage solutions for electric vehicles are attractive to manufacturers due to lower insulation requirements, and hence lower cost. The package is based on a six-phase switched reluctance machine, which uses a novel stator topology and unique winding design to achieve high torque density. The power electronics converter hardware is integrated into the motor housing, giving a physically, electrically, and thermally optimised solution. The complete package has been designed to be suitable for manufacturing in high volumes. This study describes the electromagnetic design of the motor, the mechanical innovations used to physically realise this design, and the cooling system which makes the high power density possible. The integration of the power electronics and their control is also discussed. The project is the result of collaboration between Newcastle and Loughbosrough Universities, RDM Ltd., Productiv, Infineon, Tata Steel, and Libralato. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, a multi-physics approach is presented for the design optimisation of an integrated modular motor drive (IMMD). The system is composed of a modular permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and a GaN-based modular motor drive power stage. The multi-physics model includes motor drive inverters and DC-link capacitor bank (electrical model), stator windings and rotor magnets (electromagnetic model), heat sink (thermal model), and a geometrical model. The main purpose of the design optimisation is to obtain the highest power density possible, which is quite critical in integrated drives. Due to the integrated structure, the system has several interdependencies and parameters are selected based on those relationships. An 8 kW IMMD system design is proposed from the developed optimisation tool and evaluated. The resultant system has a power density of 0.71 kW/lt, drive efficiency of 98.3%, and motor efficiency of 96.6%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes the design, construction, and testing of an aero-engine starter-generator and its associated power electronic converter. A high-speed, permanent magnet machine and a dual-channel machine-facing converter with an electrical power offtake rating of 95 kW have been developed for a small civil turbofan application. The study also describes the more-electric architecture into which the machine and converter are integrated and reviews the multi-faceted performance specification, which is a common feature of machines of this type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-torque motors in direct-drive applications are advantageous especially with regard to the current trend of compact, cost-effective system integration. This paper discusses the concept of segmenting a synchronous machine and the resulting beneficial motor modularisation. Thereby, high-efficient, inverter-driven torque motors are possible, preferably for a speed range of up to 3000 rpm. The output power can be scaled from a few kilowatt up to higher power levels. This modularised, high-efficient motor enables a new dimension of system integration for many industries and applications. The motor segmentation, furthermore, allows an overall drive system cost optimisation while reducing the maintenance intensive components. How the drive-train cost changes when using a segmented motor is compared to a conventional belt-driven system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the authors presented a systematic design procedure of outer rotor bearingless synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM). The proposed motor is compared with an already prototyped inner rotor bearingless SynRM at different operation points. It has been shown that a properly designed outer rotor SynRM can produce higher levitation forces than the inner rotor counterpart. The inner rotor motor produces higher torque and eccentric forces than the outer rotor motor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors built a prototype motor with NANOMET stator cores. NANOMET is one of the several nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys [1]. Motor iron loss and other characteristics were compared with 35A360 (Japanese Industrial Standards), which is one of the widely used conventional electromagnetic steel sheet, and the effectiveness of the new material is shown. This study describes the method to build NANOMET stator cores, and presents the evaluation results of the prototype motor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Driverless cars are expected to become a reality over the next 20 years. The sub-systems within these vehicles will require increased fault tolerance and capability. This is in addition to the already high reliability, efficiency, and performance of today's systems such as electric power steering (EPS). This paper presents a motor design development of such an auxiliary system. Predicted performance of various double-layer and single-layer options are presented and contrasted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrostatic motor can work as a supplement to the electromagnetic motor due to its simple structure, low cost, light weight, and high efficiency. This paper presents a dielectric-gas-based single-phase electrostatic motor with simplified construction. The motor design is focused on increasing the capacitance, subsequently the torque, to make the electrostatic motors competitive with the electromagnetic ones. Three-dimensional (3-D) finite element analysis (FEA) simulation and optimization process of the electrostatic motor is performed. A 50 W electrostatic motor with the torque of 0.25 N·m, which is the same order in magnitude with the fluid-filled electrostatic machine and induction machine at the similar power level, is designed. Losses including the friction loss, windage loss, and dielectric loss are predicted. Thermal fields are analyzed using FEA and the electrostatic motor presented can work stably at high ambient temperature. 3-D printing is used to build a prototype machine to eliminate the process of mould manufacture and achieve a weight reduction. Predicted capacitance of machine is compared with measured result and good agreement is achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The applications using electric motors have increased in the last decade. Some of these applications encounter the need for tailor-made motors that must meet demanding requirements. Therefore, the specification stage of an electric motor is a critical part of its development. If this stage is properly addressed, then future failures in the development process can be avoided. This paper presents a requirement engineering framework to support small-medium electric motors designers/manufacturers with the development of their product. The framework identifies the stakeholders and the tasks that they should undertake to finish a successful requirements specification stage. The framework is made from the designer/manufacturer's perspective and it emphasizes the derivation of specialized requirements (lower-level). The result of the framework is well-defined requirements that form the design requirements specification of the motor that leads to the beginning of the design stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After we created in the first article the parameterisation application and the main dimensional parameters, the purpose of this theme is to design the electric motor using CATIA V5 after the engine parts structure. The electric motor components will be designed parameterized to make more easily update when the electric motor functional parameters will be modified. In other words, the purpose of the project presented is reducing the design time and, at the same time, the costs, using the mix between two programs having different structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Knowledge of the hysteresis characteristics of permanent magnets is one of the focal point of electric motor design. Permanent magnets are widely used in PMSM (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor) and BLDC (Brushless DC) motors that can be found in electric vehicles. The paper deals with the implementation of a permanent magnet measurement set-up as well as the finite element simulation of the developed arrangement. The purpose of this work is to realize an accurate model of permanent magnet obtained by measurement parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The commercialized electric turbocharger (ETC) made by Valeo includes a high-speed switched reluctance motor (SRM), ball bearings, impeller, and controller. SRMs are generally very noisy and have low efficiency (70%) at high speed. No ETC has yet been commercialized that includes a permanent magnet (PM) motor. The Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon, South Korea, is developing a high-speed surface PM type of synchronous motor and a pulse width modulation-driven inverter. This system operates at a power density of 3 kW/kg at 100000 r/min and is intended to fit 1600 cc diesel vehicles to reduce turbolag to within 0.5 s. The design and analysis of the PM synchronous motor (PMSM) for the ETC have been successful by considering the electric and mechanical performance using multiphysics analysis. Validation by experiment was performed and matched within 1% error in terms of the efficiency. Design, analysis, and experiments with the PMSM for ETC applications were conducted successfully by utilizing an action–reaction torque sensor and the resistance load test method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Technical Electrodynamics / Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika is the property of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Electrodynamics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

SUMMARY: In this study, a traction drive electric motor was designed with a new magnet‐free motor design technique where electromagnets are generated on a rotor by utilizing changes in the spatial second harmonic of the magnetic fields. To apply the proposed technique to electric motor design, balancing the rotor and stator magnetomotive force is important. This paper presents design methods for adjusting the rotor and stator magnetomotive forces. A test motor was designed with these design methods and evaluated using a motor bench. The analytical and measurement data indicated that the proposed motor performed comparably to magnet motors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous diagnostics of asynchronous electric motors is described in the article by spectral analysis of amplitude-modulated current of the stator, due to the faults of its elements and units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-temperature superconducting (HTS) direct driving wind generators have been extensively researched due to their inherent high torque density and small mass. In this paper, a double-stator HTS wind generator with rotating HTS field windings is proposed to further improve the torque density. The electromagnetic design of this generator is made and electromagnetic performances of different topologies with air-gap windings or iron teeth are compared and analyzed. In addition, two regular HTS wind generators and one double-stator permanent magnet wind generator with the same scale are put forward to make comparison with proposed double-stator HTS machines, and the feasibility and practical value of these five topologies are evaluated in terms of the weight, volume and cost of active materials. The results reveal double-stator HTS wind generator has great advantages in volume and mass reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a design and analysis of multiphase brushless direct current (BLDC) motor for electric vehicles (EV). In this work, hub-wheels having 110Nm, 900rpm rated values have been designed for the proposed EV. This EV can produce 440 Nm without using transmission, differential and other mechanical components which have very high losses due to the mechanical fraction. The motors to be used in the EV have been designed as 3-, 5- and 7-phase by Infolytica/Motor Solve Software to compare their performances at the same load conditions. The same rotor geometry has been utilized for the motors. However, slot numbers and dimensions of the stator have been determined by considering the motor phase number. Performance curves of phase-currents, output powers, torques, efficiencies and power factors have been presented for these motors at the same operating conditions. It can be possible to use lower power switches in motor drive system thanks to the phase current reduction since the phase currents decrease proportionally to motor phase number. This work shows that the multi-phase BLDC motors are a good alternative in order to obtain lower torque and lower power inverter structure than the 3-phase BLDC motors which are used as standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In rotating motors, an electromagnetic analysis using finite-element analysis is performed according to the time interval such as the steps of the rotation angle. If the uncertainty of time variable is necessary to be handled, the time interval should become smaller than uncertainty values. It causes an increase of the cost even if the surrogate model is applied. Thus, space-time kriging surrogate model is proposed to consider time variable as well as space variable in the design stage. The proposed model handles time variable and predicts responses between time intervals to obtain outputs for the tiny uncertainty of time variable. The performance of prediction is verified with simulation data and then the reliability estimated by the proposed model is compared with measured data from manufactured prototypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY The most striking characteristic of linear-motor railway system is that the structure consists of a primary and secondary linear induction motor (LIM). The primary side of the LIM is installed in a rolling stock, and the secondary side of LIM is installed on the track. The magnetic attractive vertical force produced by the LIM increases the running resistance since this force is in the same direction as the gravitational force due to which rolling stocks gain weight virtually from the track side of view. In addition, the efficiency of the LIM has different characteristics of efficiency compared with the rotary motor. Previous studies have focused on the design method of LIM to improve motor efficiency and decrease energy consumption. However, it is a well-known fact that this kind of approach requires hardware renewal which requests large amount of investments. The purpose of this study is to analyze these characteristics of LIM effects and design the optimal speed profile to minimize the energy consumption as a linear-motor railway system. This smart and economic energy-saving approach is based on the optimization of speed profiles of the linear-motor railway system using dynamic programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This aim of this article is to present the process of new product introduction on example of industrial sector in context of new product development (NPD) concept. In the article, the concept of new product development is discussed and the different stages of the process of new electric motor development are analysed taking into account its objectives, implemented procedures, functions and responsibilities division. In the article, information from secondary sources and the results of empirical research - conducted in an international manufacturing company - are used. The research results show the significance of project leader and regular cooperation with final client in the NPD process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter presents an improved approach for high performance operation of brushless dc (BLDC) motors with hall sensors. The hall sensors in BLDC motors are ideally placed 120 electrical degrees apart. However, hall sensor placement may be significantly incorrect, particularly in high-pole and small-sized motors. These misaligned hall sensors can cause serious torque ripple, and it can be difficult to apply advanced angle control. Therefore, a position error compensator is needed before an advanced angle control method is applied. In this letter, on the basis of the position error compensator, an online advanced angle adjustment method using input voltage and input current is proposed. Using the proposed method, balanced hall sensor signals can be obtained and the high-performance operation can be achieved. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified through experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bare conductor in switchgear constitutes complicated air gaps, and their AC withstand characteristic will obviously affect switchgear insulation performance. In this paper, AC withstand tests of various types of air gap were carried out. The air gap samples were rod-plane air gap and 4 typical types of air gap from the bus chamber of 40.5 kV metal-enclosed switchgear. The samples were tested in climate chamber where high altitude environment was simulated. And correction of withstand voltage for switchgear air gaps at low air pressure were conducted. Test results indicate that, the withstand characteristic of 4 typical types of air gap in switchgear are different from that of rod-plane air gap. The relationship between withstand voltage Uw and air gap distance d is nonlinear. The influencing characteristic exponent n of air pressure on Uw is related with air gap type. Linearity value m and air pressure index n are independent to some degree. An equation was proposed to express the relationship of Uw with air gap distance d and altitude H, and this equation can be used to calculate the safety distance of air gaps in switchgear under low air pressure situations. The results are significant for the design and selection of switch devices. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this article, the electrical tree initiation behavior in silicone rubber (SIR) under DC voltage was studied. Tests were conducted to reveal the effects of temperature (20?120 ?C), defect type and voltage polarity on electrical tree initiation. In samples with an undamaged needle-tip (N samples), we find that the average tree initiation voltage (Fa?) decreases exponentially with increasing temperature by 42%. Single-branch trees and multiple-branch trees are observed. The probability of generating multiple-branch trees decreases with increasing temperature. In samples where an air gap or crack is in the needle (AN samples), Vati is 55.7% of that in N samples at 20 ?C. In AN samples, Vati and tree shape do not change monotonically and Vati varies in a small range as temperature rises. Vati for N samples under negative voltage is much larger than that under positive voltage. This polarity effect is reversed in AN samples. Gas discharge theory and Fr?hlich's theory of dielectric breakdown explain electrical tree initiation behavior at different temperatures. Based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results, we believe that partial segment relaxation of SIR at high temperature leads to Vati decreasing. Electrical trees previously generated inside the cable or an air gap created due to mechanical damage cause Vati to of a subsequently generated tree to drop to nearly half of its typical level. This information is useful for the design of HVDC cable insulation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The following paper presents the study and simulation of energy in the implementation of electric motors, supported with photovoltaic panels, and using a vehicle prototype, based on consumption data and external variables that influence the wear and the increased use offossil fuels in conventional vehicles. A road section is studied in the city of Bogota to acquire relevant information for use within the simulation such as speed, distance in displacements, solar radiation, etc. The algorithm intends to predict the energy impact presented in a road section, if it is implemented in conventional vehicles in order to reduce pollution, the consumption of fossil fuels and improve the automobile efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors investigated whether working memory training improves motor-motor dual-task performance consisted of upper and lower limb tasks. The upper limb task was a simple reaction task and the lower limb task was an isometric knee extension task. 45 participants (age = 21.8 ± 1.6 years) were classified into a working memory training group (WM-TRG), dual-task training group, or control group. The training duration was 2 weeks (15 min, 4 times/week). Our results indicated that working memory capacity increased significantly only in the WM-TRG. Dual-task performance improved in the WM-TRG and dual-task training group. Our study provides the novel insight that working memory training improves dual-task performance without specific training on the target motor task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of the motor, described here, has been presented for the first time in 1959. It allows us to convert light energy into mechanical energy, without the need of any brushes or other power electronics. An original improvement that we have made to this structure concerns the superconducting suspension which tends to limit frictions and ensures natural stability of the rotor. The second major novelty is that we have designed the entire motor for operating in liquid nitrogen. The motor structure is detailed in this paper, including the electromagnetic design, the electrical and mechanical equations. Two different configurations of superconducting bearings are studied in order to make levitate the rotors. Finally, for the designed motors, only 10% of the installed onboard power is converted into mechanical power. All the experimental results, especially the speed of the motor, are consistent with the estimated values by the model. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper presents an optimum design process and operational analysis of a permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance motor (PMASynRM) as a low-cost and highly efficient consumed magnet material machine. The motor's topology is based on inserting partial permanent magnetic materials into flux barriers of an original synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) that implicitly increase the difference between the machine's inductances, thereby increasing output torque. The procedure of rotor design as the main contribution of this paper is carefully illustrated. The rectangular shape of the flux barriers was found to achieve cost reduction and improve productivity. The impact of the permanent magnet added to the rectangular flux barriers and how it decreases the q-axis flux are described. For analytical studies, the optimum structure of a sample machine for high-power application is designed through the 2D finite element method in a Maxwell environment. For the sample machine, it is shown that the optimum number of flux barriers, optimum insulation ratio, and optimum width of permanent magnets in order to maintain the rating level of output and minimize the ripple are 4, 0.375, and 30 mm, respectively. In addition to demonstrating the operation of the motor with and without permanent magnet material, the performance of the hybrid motor is evaluated with two different permanent magnet materials, ferrite and NdFeB. Simulation results show that despite a negligible rise of ripple torque, the PMASynRM is able to achieve a higher output torque than the original SynRM with a low amount of permanent magnet material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the variability in vibration from electromagnetic origin for an electric motor. The multiphysics modeling is introduced by the magnetic force density computation and by the coupling of the 2D electromagnetic and 3D structural dynamic finite element models. The modal stability procedure (MSP) and the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) are associated for the variability calculation of natural frequencies and frequency response functions (FRFs) of finite element systems with material random parameters. The MSP formulations are developed for 8-node solid hexahedron element modeling the electric stator. The MCS–MSP approach only requires a single finite element analysis, leading to a fast Monte Carlo simulation using MSP formulation. The validation of MCS-MSP is investigated, the uncertainty propagation is discussed and the computational costs of MCS-MSP are presented. This non-intrusive method provides an evaluation of frequencies and FRFs variability for industrial-size models with a large number of degrees of freedom, a large number of random variables and a low or moderate variability level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a model for analyzing a five-phase fractional-slot permanent magnet tubular linear motor (FSPMTLM) with the modified winding function approach (MWFA). MWFA is a fast modeling method and it gives deep insight into the calculations of the following parameters: air-gap magnetic field, inductances, flux linkages, and detent force, which are essential in modeling the motor. First, using a magnetic circuit model, the air-gap magnetic density is computed from stator magnetomotive force (MMF), flux barrier, and mover geometry. Second, the inductances, flux linkages, and detent force are analytically calculated using modified winding function and the air-gap magnetic density. Finally, a model has been established with the five-phase Park transformation and simulated. The calculations of detent force reveal that the end-effect force is the main component of the detent force. This is also proven by finite element analysis on the motor. The accuracy of the model is validated by comparing with the results obtained using semianalytical method (SAM) and measurements to analyze the motor’s transient characteristics. In addition, the proposed method requires less computation time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with motor neuron disease and most terminal patients cannot use their hands or arms, and so they need another person for their all needs. However, the mental functions and memories of such patients are generally sound, and they can control their eyes. Using an eye-gaze tracking technique, we have realized a real-time system for such patients. The system controls a motorized electrical hospital bed (EHB) by eye gaze with 4 degrees of freedom, using a low-cost webcam. Contactless systems that require calibration cannot be used for EHB control. The system developed in this work does not require any calibration process and it is contactless. These properties are the most innovative part of the proposed approach. To begin, the system detects the eye region and computes the iris centers. It then tracks the centers and moves a mouse pointer on a screen with the eye gaze. The specific movements of the mouse pointer are evaluated as position changing requests and the completed movements of the mouse pointer change the EHB position electrically. The communication between the computer and the EHB is provided by a relay control card driven by Arduino Mega. The system works under day/artificial lighting conditions successfully with or without eyeglasses. The system was tested with 30 volunteers on the EHB safely and was completed with 90% success (the exceptions being people with slanted eyes). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase of internal temperature capability of electrical machines is a major challenge for building high power density actuators for many applications in transport systems and in aerospace industry. Today, the main limit is the thermal class of the organic Electrical Insulation System (EIS), but a breakthrough toward very high temperature is possible with inorganic insulation technologies. An inorganic EIS is proposed and tested for designing motors able to work permanently up to 500 °C in the heart of windings. After a review of several high temperature (HT?) insulation solutions, the paper focuses on currently available ceramic-coated wires insulated with a very thin inorganic layer, which is a favorable solution for high current densities in machines of small sizes. The electrical limits of this technology are investigated, the weak points of the HT? wire are circumvented using impregnating cements able to provide adequate mechanical and electrical properties up to 500°C for designing HT ? electrical machines fed by a standard PWM inverter connected to the HVDC bus of the more electric aircraft, for example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new and non-traditional approach is proposed for modeling a self-excited induction generator (SEIG) driven by a controlled DC motor. The algorithm used in this paper is based on a modified finite element technique (FET) and the trapezoidal rule time integration. Unlike the conventional FET-based models, in the proposed numerical model, addition of equations is avoided and the global set of equations is solved iteratively. A MATLAB-Simulink model of the system is developed for comparison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at critically reviewing various sliding mode control measures applied to Permanent Magnet DC Motor actuator for position control. At first, a hybrid sliding mode controller was examined with its advantages and disadvantages. Then, the smooth sliding mode controller in the same manner. The shortcomings of the two methods were overcome by proper switch design and also using tanh-sinh hyperbolic function. The sliding mode controller switches on when either disturbance or noise is detected. Genetic Algorithm Computational tuning technique is employed to optimize the gains of the controllers for optimal response. The performance of the proposed controller architecture, as well as the reviewed controllers, have been compared for performance evaluation with respect to several operating conditions. This includes load torque disturbance injection, noise injection in a feedback loop, motor nonlinearity exhibited by parameters variation, and a step change in reference input demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic losses behavior on electrical steels related to the magnetic aging is analyzed in this paper. Experimental procedures involving thermal, metallurgical, and electromagnetic measurements were performed. The evolution of the losses is modeled using a scalar hysteresis model, and the aging prediction on electrical motor steels is proposed using the Arrhenius formula. The proposed study brings relevant information to be considered on designing electrical motors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric power consumption by sanitation companies represents the second largest operating cost item, which can be explained by the many electric motors that operate in their facilities. An electric motor is an electric device that is capable of transforming electrical energy to mechanical energy. These devices are responsible for more than 80 % of all electricity consumed in the world. Because they are machines, they can fail, and consequently, repairs are needed. Many companies choose to outsource the repair service of broken electric motors, and most capital cities have many suppliers. Selecting or classifying these suppliers into groups to fulfill strategic goals is a significant challenge. This paper presents a model to classify businesses that provide electric motor repair services. This model can be used to pre-qualify suppliers. To this end, the PROMSORT multicriteria classification method was applied to classify suppliers in a non-compensatory way according to the evaluation criteria. The applied method enabled the classification of the evaluated companies in four groups based on attributes related to their facilities, their professionals, and their experience. The results showed that the model is effective for this application and it can be applied in other contexts also related to classification problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY The motor efficiencies of switched reluctance motors (SRMs) are inferior to those of permanent magnet synchronous motors. This paper describes a design procedure for an SRM to obtain a higher motor efficiency. The first step in the design procedure makes clear the principle for improving the motor efficiency. The cross-sectional and axial shapes of the rotor and stator cores are designed by magnetic field analysis with the two-dimensional (2D) and 3D finite element method. A high-efficiency SRM with 12 stator poles and eight rotor poles is designed. The designed SRM was produced experimentally, and was tested to verify its performance. The motor efficiency was improved in comparison to the standard SRM with six stator poles and four rotor poles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present work is to assess the impact of improvements in standard characterization parameters of electrical steels, typically found in manufacturer catalogs ( B50 and W10/400), in the performance of high-speed electrical motors. The electrical steel manufacturer has to deal with numerous process variables and long and expensive development times to come up with new products. Hence, even small improvements in the B50 and W10/400 parameters are considered to be great achievements. In order to verify if such improvements really translate into real gains in electrical motors, a series of prototypes was constructed with newly developed electrical steels. The core losses of these prototypes were determined by the loss segregation method. Test results support the conclusion that the standard steel characterization parameters do not carry enough information for steel and motor manufacturers to conclude on the performance of an electrical steel grade. An expanded datasheet for electrical steels is proposed and could be used in the steel development process as a new product assessment tool. The proposed datasheet carries useful information for both steel manufacturer and electrical motor designer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a remesh-free deformation method is proposed to speedup the modeling of electric motor in the optimal design process. In the proposed method, neither mesh regeneration nor an increase in the number of unknowns is required. By defining the boundary mesh as well as the fine computational mesh, refined meshes can be quickly derived using a coordinate mapping technique. The calculation time can, therefore, be greatly reduced when the geometric parameters are changed according to the optimal design. At the same time, the mesh quality is guaranteed to ensure an accurate requirement of the finite-element method. Numerical examples, both in, 2-D problems and 3-D problems are reported to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the challenge of determining optimal product family architectures with customer preference data. The proposed model, predictive data-driven product family design (PDPFD), expands clustering-based approaches to incorporate a market-driven approach. The market-driven approach provides a profit model in the near future to determine the optimal position and number of product architectures among product architecture candidates generated by the k-means clustering algorithm. An extended market value prediction method is proposed to capture the trend of customer preferences and uncertainties in predictive modeling. A universal electric motors design example is used to demonstrate the implementation of the proposed framework in a hypothetical market. Finally, the comparative study with synthetic data shows that the PDPFD algorithm maximizes the expected profit, while clustering-based models do not consider market so that less profit can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the LLC resonant converter, the air gap is generally positioned in the core of the transformer for proper magnetizing inductance. Traditional transformer design methods assume infinite permeability of the core and no energy stored in the core. The improved design methodology for the gapped transformer is proposed with the optimum relative permeability and gap selection to meet the temperature rise and the magnetizing inductance requirements. The magnetizing current influences the magnetic flux in the core leading to the core saturation and core loss, while the resonant current contributes to the winding loss. The transformer design for a 200 W, 90 kHz LLC resonant converter is presented and experimental results validate the proposed methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of changing the dynamics of an existing DC motor control system without the need of making internal changes is considered in the paper. In particular, this paper presents a method for incorporating fractional-order dynamics in an existing DC motor control system with internal PI or PID controller, through the addition of an external controller into the system and by tapping its original input and output signals. Experimental results based on the control of a real test plant from MATLAB/Simulink environment are presented, indicating the validity of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrical machine (EM) is a key component in plug-in electric and hybrid vehicle (PEV) propulsion systems. It must be designed for high torque/power densities, wide speed range, over load capability, high efficiency at all speeds, low cost and weight, fast acceleration and deceleration, while meeting performance and reliability expectations. This paper overviews various EM technologies that are the best candidates for use in PEVs. Their basic operational characteristics, design features and relative advantages and disadvantages are discussed and compared for PEV propulsion systems. The latest and future research directions of EMs for PEVs are identified and discussed. Literature concerned with limitations and capabilities of finite element analysis and magnetic equivalent circuit analysis for EM design and analysis in PEVs is presented. Unfortunately, few papers give thorough comparisons between experimental measurements and simulation tools for EMs; even fewer compare torque. Those that report on torque show errors of 10% or more between tests and simulations. Saturation and losses appear to be the likely culprits. When nonlinear magnetic effects are taken into account, including magnetic saturation, eddy currents losses, and modeled with care, differences between simulations and tests typically are on the order of 5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been proposed that a novel maglev transport system uses both of the attractive force and thrust force of the Linear Induction Motor (LIM). In our proposal, these two forces will be controlled by two different frequency components. One of the frequency components is synchronous with the motor speed (fm). Another frequency component is drive frequency (fd). Our proposed system enables the independent and simultaneous control of the attractive and thrust force of LIM. Each value of the attractive and the thrust force generated by fm and fd must be identified in order to design that LIM control system. For these purpose, a disc-shaped LIM has been developed as an experimental equipment. The force profiles, especially around zero slip, have been analyzed under experimental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]