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This paper develops a new measure of human capital, calculated as a cohort-weighted average of the quality of education (PISA scores) and the quantity of education (mean years of schooling). Contrary to the existing studies, the relative weights of quality and quantity are estimated (and not calibrated). The quality of education is estimated to be three to four times more important for education than the quantity of education. The new measure has a strong link to productivity, which materialises with long lags. Productivity gains are much greater from improvements in the quality than quantity component of human capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to education and health care are core development goals of the United Nations since its inception. Today, almost all countries have education and health systems in place. In former colonies, the historical roots of these systems can often be traced back to colonial times. In this article, we argue that spending on social services for the local population was seen as a necessary condition to expand the trade-based colonial economy especially in the initial stage of social services dating back to the interwar period. Using novel data on health and education expenditure in 35 former British and French African colonies during the height of their empires (1919–39), we show that trade volumes account for a large share in the variance of expenditure on education but not health services, and that present-day expenditures partly reflect these patterns. Our results suggest that similar mechanisms are at play within the two empires and differences between them are in degree rather than in kind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental education (EE) has received more and more attention worldwide. In Korea, there is a national consensus on the importance of EE; however, it is not as much of a priority as other education subjects or themes, based on annual survey results. This study asks how much value Korean citizens place on EE, revealing its value more objectively than the opinion survey. This study estimates citizens' benefits from EE using the contingent valuation method (CVM) to elicit willingness to pay (WTP). The survey scenario detailed information about the Green Movable EE Classroom program managed by the South Korean Ministry of Environment, and its 1,004 participants comprised a representative sample of Korea. The results are as follows. If the average household's annual WTP (KRW 17,575; USD 14.85) were expanded to the total number of Korean households, the total benefit would be about KRW 367.2 billion (USD 310 million) per year. This result can be interpreted as citizens being willing to pay that amount for EE. This study estimated the economic value and is the first empirical attempt to reveal the value of EE nationwide. This study expands the theoretical discussion of the value of EE and provides evidence for policy revision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research considers the role that participating in conscript service has for individuals with a migrant background in overcoming barriers to labour market integration. According to previous studies, these barriers include discrimination, previous qualifications not being recognised and a lack of language skills, networks and information. The study is based on 24 interviews conducted with individuals with a migrant background who have performed conscript service in Finland. The research takes place in the context of conscription and mandatory conscript service among male citizens. The findings indicate that conscript service may have some direct and indirect beneficial outcomes for labour market integration. Direct labour market outcomes are particularly related to qualifications acquired during service, which can be directly applied in the civilian labour market. Indirect outcomes are associated with acculturation, such as learning the language and becoming familiar with the host society's culture and norms. Performing conscript service also facilitates the establishment of social networks, especially with native-born youngsters. Furthermore, conscript service is perceived to have the potential to elevate conscripts' status in the eyes of potential Finnish employers. As a result, completing conscript service enhances location-specific human capital, and therefore, it can potentially improve labour market integration outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high cost of course materials negatively affects students’ academic progress. This case study reviews and analyzes the implementation and usage of a library-led Open Educational Resources (OER) program. The university library at Cal State LA established a new Scholarly Communication Open Resources eLearning (SCORE) pilot program in the Fall of 2021, which offers a $500 stipend to faculty for creating or redesigning a zero-cost course. This study examined faculty usage of the SCORE program from various colleges and academic disciplines. The study findings demonstrate that SCORE is both popular and successful. We hope that other libraries have the potential to replicate similar initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bibliometric analysis, an approach introduced by the library and information sciences, attempts to unravel the relationships between a large number of scientific literature by using quantitative methods. Economics of Education Review was founded in 1981 to meet the needs of a growing number of research in the economics of education. The journal has evolved to become a top field journal that focuses on high quality research in an interdisciplinary field that combines educational studies and economics. It specializes in human capital production and the returns to human capital as well as in education policy and finance. We examine collaboration patterns using an approach introduced by the library and information sciences. The current research shows hidden patterns among scientific actors to offer a comprehensive understanding of the knowledge structure of this top field journal by employing network analysis such as bibliographic coupling, co-authorship and co-citation analysis. It also presents a thematic overview by analyzing author keyword co-occurrence and by classifying articles into six thematic clusters to highlight past themes and current trends in the field of economics of education. Our results suggest a shift in the focus of research, with more topics on measuring the impact of preschool programs, quality education, higher education attainment, gender, race and peer effects playing an important role in this area of scientific research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has been a lack of attention to the connection between crisis management and the HR (human resources) department. However, many researchers emphasize the importance of the human resources department in crisis management. The main objective of the research is the analysis of employees' perceptions regarding measures to improve decision-making when considering the behavior of human capital in in terms of maximizing economic efficiency, as well as the analysis of human resources management through the lens of policies and practices intended for management in crisis period. The quantitative method was used to conduct a survey and the qualitative method was used through the interview. These methods were based on aspects developed in the specialized literature and adapted for this context. The results of the study show that human resources management is crucial in Romanian companies, both in a normal context and in critical situations, highlighting a strategic approach to the role of employees in organizational success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article calls for the implementation of trauma-informed palliative care and research. It discusses the role of healthcare providers and importance of organizational support for trauma-informed care practices. It proposes funding of resources and the development of a research agenda that encompasses education, trauma assessment in primary care and pediatric settings, evidence-based interventions to alleviate trauma symptoms, program development, implementation and organizational policy.

Korea's doctoral education system, which began over 70 years ago on the ruins of the Korean War, has experienced rapid growth until recently. Now, it must continue to progress towards a stage of qualitative maturity that shows world-class levels in education and research achievements. Along with dramatic economic and social development in Korea over the past few decades, it seems that the meaning and value of a doctoral degree and the characteristics and composition of students who pursue it have also undergone major changes. Therefore, Korea needs to reinvent its postgraduate education system in response to recent social and economic changes in Korea and around the world. To this end, this article reviews the historical background and main features of the current doctoral education system and suggests some policy implications for meaningful changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doctoral education has been of significance in Türkiye particularly in the last 20 years due to the major expansion of higher education in the country. Between 2002 and 2022, the number of universities in the country almost tripled to reach 207, exacerbating the shortage in the number of academicians and researchers. This, along with the pressure to enhance universities' performance in international rankings, has made the improvement of doctoral education a priority. Additionally, there have been political, economic and cultural changes in the country in recent years, and these as well as the influences of globalisation, massification, diversification, capitalism and neoliberalism have led to significant policy changes in higher education. In this article, an overview is provided of the developments in doctoral education in Türkiye in response to these changes, focusing on policies related to producing qualified academicians, enabling the diversification of universities through mission differentiation, and facilitating university–industry partnership approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the complex relationship between education and socio-economic development in a post-pandemic context, highlighting education as a transformative cornerstone. Research shows that improving education has direct and indirect social benefits, including promoting business development and reducing poverty in communities. In addition, education has a significant impact on governance and sustainable development, playing a key role in wider socio-economic transformation and sustainability. Research objectives include assessing the impact of education on life satisfaction, economic stability, prospects, and household income adequacy. A diverse group of 216 participants from Central Dobrogea, Romania, ranging from primary to postgraduate levels of education and representing both the public and private sectors, participated. Education is emerging as a linchpin of national development, particularly in the post-pandemic era where human resources are paramount. It serves as a foundation for promoting sustainable community growth and has a profound impact on an individual's life satisfaction, prospects, and resilience to crises. The positive correlation between higher educational attainment and increased life satisfaction underscores the indispensability of education in shaping human resource policies for sustainable development. In addition, education equips individuals with the tools to manage post-crisis recovery and fosters optimism for the future. In essence, education acts as an indispensable catalyst for socio-economic progress, providing a pathway for individual growth and the promise of collective progress, resilience, and seizing opportunities in the midst of adversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the effect of education of firm managers on labour productivity in Uganda's manufacturing sector using enterprise survey data. Like in many Sub-Saharan economies, Uganda is grappling with labour productivity associated with deficiencies and mismatch in skills, which limit the adaptation of new production technologies. The human capital theory (HCT) and the endogenous growth theory (EGT) underpinned this investigation. On the basis of a Cobb-Douglas function we estimated a labour productivity equation. The paper found that attainment of higher levels of education by firm managers improved labour productivity, and mean productivity of individual workers at firm level. The strong linkage between managers' education and labour productivity implies that the government should focus on policies that improve higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Well-being is realised through the interaction of the individual's desires and capacities, and external contexts. Contexts in postcolonial societies diverge from the assumptions of functioning liberal democratic states and capitalist economies often assumed in theories of schooling. Instead, these contexts are characterised by poverty and inequality, cultural diversity, and ongoing projects of state and nation-building. Through case studies of two rural communities in India and South Africa, this paper analyses the role of postcolonial contexts in shaping well-being opportunities through schooling in these contexts. It highlights the contested nature of this relationship in cultural, economic, and political spheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces and uses Lakatos' idea of research programmes to summarise and critically evaluate academic discourse towards knowledge capital theory. The analysis uses rational reconstruction to formulate the components of the hardcore and protective belt of knowledge capital theory. By critically surveying the literature, it challenges the validity of the claims made by Erik Hanushek, Ludger Woessmann and the OECD that there is a causal link between cognitive development and economic growth. It concludes by stating that knowledge capital theory in its current form is degenerate and should be considered a high-risk research programme and that more sophisticated theories are required to be developed to explain current phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education is the main factor of economic growth in a country, and the curriculum is the heart of any education system. This study focuses on the key roles of education and its relation to economic development as well as the curriculum as a core part of the entire educational drive of nations. In particular, the present study compares the objectives and content of high school curricula in Iran and G7 countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, and the United States) to achieve some implications for curriculum development in Iran, with a focus on the significant gap between finding a job after secondary graduation in Iran compared with G7 countries. John Stuart Mill's method of agreement and difference was used with the MAXQDA software for data analysis. The results of similarities and differences between objectives and content of curricula indicated that while both educational systems address social and cultural content and objectives, albeit in different ways, Iran lacks economic-oriented content and objectives that connect to occupation, markets, needs of the community and thus economic development ideals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Planlama is the property of TMMOB Sehir Plancilari Odasi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Adult literacy skills are critical assets of individuals as well as societies in terms of economic (e.g., human capital) and social well-being. Thus, it is important to monitor the long-term trends and sources of skill gain/loss. Yet, temporal sources of adult literacy skill variation are understudied. The current study analyzed three comparable, nationally representative datasets including the 1994 International Adult Literacy Survey; the 2003 International Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey; and the 2012/2014/2017 Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies. Results from the age-period-cohort hierarchical cross-classified random effects model showed significant variation in adult literacy skills across cohorts (1930-1995) and time periods (1994-2017). Possible implications for adult education policies and future research needs were evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid changes in technology--including advances in augmented and artificial intelligence, machine learning, and mobile--are paving the way for significant changes not only in the channels through which education is delivered but in how education itself is structured. This article identifies eight ways in which education technology can change how learning is facilitated and who will facilitate that learning. Basic economic principles then provide a framework for thinking about how these changes will be embedded over time as education increasingly becomes a durable good providing increasing returns through network effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent scholarship on mobility has increasingly incorporated wealth. We ask if wealth brings anything new to mobility research or is just a standard socioeconomic status (SES) dimension in disguise. We exploit Swedish administrative registers, which contain rich SES measures over individuals' lives for both parents' and children's generations. Using sibling correlations to estimate a baseline of shared family background influence, we then perform a total decomposition for each SES dimension and their overlaps. We find that wealth is a distinct dimension of SES that is very different from education, occupation, and income. Parental wealth cannot be substituted for other SES dimensions in understanding child's wealth attainment. Moreover, parental wealth substantially moderates intergenerational reproduction in other dimensions: The wealthiest have higher reproduction rates in all child outcomes, but in particular for children's income and wealth. Excluding wealth leads to underestimating intergenerational inequality, aggravated by its qualitatively unique status as an SES resource. We conclude that—alongside the SES resources education, occupation, and income—wealth emerges as an integral and unique dimension of what we choose to call the "big four" of social stratification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I will analyze the Jesuit Pedro de Oñate's ideas on economic value and its relation with merchants' work. Born in Spain, Oñate moved to South America after studying in Valladolid and Salamanca, where he lived until his death. When dealing with economic value, Oñate's ideas were developed as an answer to what he and many members of the School of Salamanca thought that were Duns Scotus' ideas on economic value, but also to the economic and social situation that he had lived in America. There, the lack of merchants and goods resulted in higher prices than in Spain, which obliged him to analyze why this was happening and if these prices were just prices. In his work, Oñate combined a theoretical critique to the labour value theory, posing instead an original understanding of the idea of "utility", with a practical recognition of the importance of merchants and their work. Following this second idea, he argued that although costs are not the last foundation of economic value, they should not be completely ruled out if one wants to understand why there is abundance or lack of merchants, and if prices are just or not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When attracting talent to dentistry, graduates need educational costs justified by future financial outcomes. The authors provide insights into how career choices (employee versus practice owner) and student loan repayment plans (principal-based versus income-driven) can be made to work. Five loan repayment and career choice combinations were assessed using spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel) to rationally model monthly budgets and financial decisions during a projected 40-year work life. Even with high levels of student loan debt ($292,169 average for new graduates), it is still possible, but increasingly difficult, to achieve desirable career, lifestyle, and financial outcomes. Outcomes are highly sensitive to rates of investment returns and inflation. On the basis of the 5 scenarios of projections of debt and income levels to 2060, assuming reasonable levels of investment return and stable inflation, career and repayment choices can make a difference of more than $5 million in lifetime earnings and more than $3 million in retirement savings (2020 dollars). The new reality of high educational debt requires graduates to budget and plan before beginning their careers. Use of loan servicers, consultants, brokers, attorneys, certified public accountants, and financial advisors is needed. Working for a dental service organization is a valid option for developing dental and practice management skills. Owning a practice is still a viable career path. Dental graduates should choose a student loan repayment that minimizes the size of monthly payments, balance budgets, practice frugality, obtain a practice purchase loan at lowest rates, and heed financial advisors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, human capital, technical advancement, and economic growth in Indonesia are examined using vector analysis. In analyzing causality, we use a research period of more than 20 years using secondary data from the world bank. Our findings show that technology development and Human Resources are two important components in economic development. Human resources are an important factor of the industry and the quality of human resources is determined by the human capital owned by these human resources. Technology aids people in their job, allowing them to execute at a higher level of efficiency and quality. Investment in technological development and human capital may increase the speed and quality of human beings, which can lead to increased economic growth and productivity. A strong economy is essential to the long-term viability of human capital and technology investment. Human capital and technology are mutually reinforcing each other in the development of Indonesia as a result of economic progress. The three variables are in a mutually reinforcing relationship so that the three variables are closely related and mutually reinforcing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the relationship between racism and school finance in rural North Carolina between 1900 and 2018. Topics include how inequality included dispossession and plunder within several school finance policies, the reliance of school finance on property tax, and an analysis of local voting and boundary drawing.

This article shows how the Liberian education system can be strengthened to enhance human development and economic growth. Against competing national development priorities, rebuilding the country's education system remains a challenge. We focus here on teacher training as a key component of educational investment and discuss the Liberian education system through frameworks of human rights and sustainable development. We explore teacher-training initiatives in countries around the world with strong education systems that Liberia can emulate. We highlight linkages between education and human well-being, including accrued health dividends, improved living standards, gender equity, civil participation, and efficient labor participation. We conclude with the recommendation that the Liberian government further prioritize engagement and synergism with key partners who have interest in development to strengthen the education system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental sustainability constitutes an important part of the political and educational context in China as it strives to move toward an ecological civilization. However, there is limited literature documenting the ways in which sustainability is embedded in higher education (HE) teaching. This qualitative research involves interviews and focus groups with 30 faculty in Business and Economics disciplines at three high-ranked Chinese Universities and offers an original exploration of how they include environmental sustainability in their teaching, and the opportunities and challenges they encounter. The findings are significant in suggesting that a broad range of sustainability concepts and aligned pedagogies are incorporated but that political and institutional culture, limitations on obtaining research data, constraints on curriculum design, and individual beliefs are significant barriers to implementation. Strategies employed by faculty to embed sustainability are investigated and reviewed in the context of the 'theory of the second best', previously used in UK research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last 30 years higher education has seen a rise in new managerialism across all its activity, driven by neoliberal economic policy. Professional doctorates (PDs) have been part of this rise, increasing in number considerably and spawning a related interest in researching doctoral work. However, there have been few studies focused on how students develop an understanding of theory/theorisation and how supervision supports it. This paper reports on a research project involving interviews with supervisors from professional doctorate in education programmes in the UK, as a particular example of PDs in general, to explore the process of theorisation. Drawing on Bernstein, it shows how supervision, and wider programme design, are mediated by the increasingly managerial context of doctoral study. The study raises questions about the ways in which students and supervisors engage with both methodology and theory/theorisation in working together and subsequent implications for the quality of doctoral work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many barriers to education are preventing children around the world from reaching their true potential. Digital solutions show much promise for addressing challenges associated with socioeconomic, geographic, and cultural circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last decade of research on college student financial wellness was driven by the onset of the "student loan debt crisis." Prior to the focus on student loans, credit card use and marketing was the primary area of interest for those studying young adult finances on campuses. This paper consolidates the findings reported in twenty papers related to college student finances that were published in the Journal of Family and Economic Issues between 2010 and 2019. The work is organized into individual financial behaviors and its antecedents, followed by a summary of studies that study well-being indicators. The reviewed studies address financial behaviors as products of individual and personal characteristics, family relationships and formal socialization processes, and how these factors influence general well-being outcome. Though the approaches vary widely across published studies, each addressed at least one outcome within the socialization model. Credit card and student loan financial behaviors are common factors in determining well-being, their resulting impact on financial or general subjective well-being are mixed at best. The area of research is relatively new and directions for future research are outlined. Studies of emerging adults over time, replication of previous work, consistency in approach to measuring key constructs, and commitment to theoretically based approaches to research will all help to clarify our understanding of college students' transition to financial independence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to review a group of selected papers on the theme of education published in the Journal of Family and Economic Issues from the past 10 years to see what we have come to know regarding what impacted young generations' school/college education from the lens of family economics, as well as to share our thoughts on future directions to move the research inquiry forward. The paper first gives a brief description on all articles selected for this review. Followed by, a discussion of findings of these studies from the lens of macro-meso-micro analysis. Gaps in research ideas and methodology as well as future research directions are discussed in the end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumption capital applies to experiences that require early investment in relatively less pleasant practice in order to increase future enjoyment. Some types of charity, such as education, represent support for causes that require such accumulated practice (consumption capital) in order to fully appreciate their benefits. This paper explores several implications of a consumption capital accumulation model applied to educational philanthropy. Regression results indicate that level of education is positively associated with giving to education as well as giving exclusively to education, and religious practice and education donations are complementary goods. This study helps understand personal characteristics that may indicate greater likelihood of donating to an educational organization, thus aiding educational organizations in targeting potential donors. Fundraising has become essential for schools and universities during this era of Covid-19, yet fundraising revenue is expected to decline and an increasing number of colleges are expected to close. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates the determinants of the value of investment in higher education (absolute expected returns from higher education) among students of Russian universities, accounting for variations in the socio‐economic development of different Russian regions. Based on the longitudinal study, 'Trajectories in Education and Careers', it shows that the average salary in a region is positively related to the individual estimates of expected salaries after graduation. In general, the results correspond to human capital theory, and confirm the rationality of students' salary expectations. The expected salary shortly after graduation from university is positively related to the academic achievement demonstrated in the university entrance exam (the Unified State Exam, or USE), full‐time study and prior work experience. Male students expect to receive higher salaries compared to female students. Students who study for free expect lower salaries compared to those students who cover their tuition costs. Indirect influence (through USE results) of the characteristics of students' schools and of their parents' education on expected salary was found. In addition, we discovered a direct and indirect relationship between family income and expected salaries after university graduation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper revisits the relationship between human capital and income inequality, using an updated data set on human capital inequality and a novel database on earnings inequality. We find an inverted U-shaped relationship between these two inequality indicators, but with significant differences across countries regarding the turning point. Skill-biased technological change is found to be an additional force that may blur the relationship between human capital and earnings inequality. Over and above the effect exerted through earnings inequality, the paper shows that human capital inequality has a direct positive effect on income inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study estimates the economic value of local environmental amenities in Bahir Dar city which is one of the tourist attraction sites in Ethiopia. The study employed choice experiment valuation method by identifying four environmental amenities attributes (Lake Tana, urban park, palm tree and street cleanliness). The study used probability multi-stage random sampling technique. The analysis was based on primary data surveyed from households in Bahir Dar city. The study presented nine choices set for each respondent; each choice set has three alternatives including the status quo option. The study employed a mixed logit model. The result showed that all improved attribute levels have positive signs and statistically significant. As expected and consistent with economic theory the monetary cost has negative signs and significant. The mixed logit model showed that there is preference heterogeneity in some attribute levels. Based on the finding, the study recommends that the city administration and the concerned body expected to implement the hypothetical policy scenario so as to improve environmental amenity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, universities play a fundamental role as agents of change in order to transform every society. Open to the community, they interrelate epistemologies to generate solutions to diverse problems that occur in the world. Today, there is a demand for greater relevance in the processes of teaching, research and university extension, which is reflected in the quality and efficiency of their actions, in a greater relationship and response to social problems. In this sense, this work is presented with the aim of proposing a set of university extension actions for a dynamic integration of the Heilongjiang International University (UIH), China, with the different actors and sectors of society, considering the political, educational, economic and institutional context. Dynamize the university-society link in the UIH should lead to new transformations in Chinese higher education, according to the changes that have continued to occur in the country People's Republic of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing role of labor migration is one of the most notable trends in international migration flows. This migration has become an important factor in economic development and a source of the increasing interdependence of countries and regions in today's globalized world. It impacts migrants' country of origin as well as the destination country, chiefly affecting human capital in both groups of nations. This article systematizes the positive and negative effects of labor migration focusing on human capital while suggesting a system of indicators characterizing such effects. Special attention is paid to the analysis of policies related to such migration. This study explains how countries of origin and destination must carry out effective and fair management of labor migration to make the most of its benefits at an international level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human capital has become a popular concept in modern economics since the 1960s, though its historiography is still limited. Prior studies focussed on rational reconstructions, using earlier references to provide legitimacy to modern developments. In this text we take a different approach by tracing the evolution of the term and the (dis)continuities in its use. We analyse various contexts in which education and human capital were discussed during the first half of the twentieth century. The analysis underlines the complex stabilisation of the concept human capital, the loose connections among earlier debates and between those debates and modern economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human capital has become a popular concept in modern economics since the 1960s, though its historiography is still limited. Prior studies focussed on rational reconstructions, using earlier references to provide legitimacy to modern developments. In this text we take a different approach by tracing the evolution of the term and the (dis)continuities in its use. We analyse various contexts in which education and human capital were discussed during the first half of the twentieth century. The analysis underlines the complex stabilisation of the concept human capital, the loose connections among earlier debates and between those debates and modern economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of economic values in public administration is becoming more evident which is consequently resulting in implementation of the so-called managerial style within the framework of higher education system. This style has certain benefits as well as drawbacks. In the first part of the paper the author, therefore, presents key reasons of the popularisation of economic values, along with their influence on the efficiency of performance of the entire higher education system. Considering the fact that modernisation of Croatian public administration relies on the implementation of the so-called ―3E‖ values, it is important to determine key effects of such implementation on the reform of public administration. Furthermore, the central part of the paper refers mainly to emphasising the necessity to reform the entire public administration sphere, as well as the necessity to implement both traditional and managerial values, which would adequately have a specific goal that the private sector, or better said, the values and techniques from the private sector be enforced in the public sector as well. These efforts are precisely what makes the public sector closer to the private one while trying to eliminate the differences between the two. In addition, some of the key changes in the system of higher education are mentioned in this part of the paper. The final part of the paper offers insight in ways that subjects in this particular system contribute to maintaining the primary goal, which is to adjust to European standards within the framework of higher education system. Also, this part of the paper presents conclusions on which the further growth and development of this particularly important part of public administration should be based. Being aware of the condition of the current Croatian public administration, it is becoming crucial that this complex area be researched and that the results of empirical research conducted so far be used for promoting readiness of higher education system to follow trends that are acceptable and applicable worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empirically determining the efficiency of public spending on higher education in Chile with respect to the formation of advanced human capital is a challenge. The long-term relationship between the variables public spending on higher education and advanced human capital formation was analyzed, using regression, cointegration and time series models that included the period 1990-2015. The results show a residual stationarity, which implies that the variables are not cointegrated. A productivity measurement model of public spending on higher education is proposed based on the contributions of Harold Bayer (2005). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As reliance on alternative financial services (AFS) usage continues its exponential expansion among American families, policy debates over banking regulation perdure with limited empirical understanding of how usage affects individuals' financial lives. Using data from the 2014 Survey of Household Economics and Decisionmaking, this study explored the association between AFS use and financial well-being using a nationally representative sample (N = 5,896). It also examined the role of household income in AFS use and its relation to financial well-being. Results from regression analyses indicated that AFS use was negatively associated with present financial security measured by credit score, making ends meet, subjective financial well-being, and credit card payment, and that future financial security was measured by having an emergency fund and a rainy-day fund. Moreover, the interaction models showed that lower-income groups had the most negative associations between AFS and most financial well-being indicators, suggesting a substantive role of income in exacerbating the negative relationships. This was the first known study linking use of AFS and household financial well-being with a focus on the role of income. The article concludes with a discussion of implications for policy and social work practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]