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Repeated business scandals have raised concerns about the possible role that specializing in economics plays in individual morality. We explored whether and how economics specialization is positively related to unethical behavior through the lay belief that honesty is effortful. We found that people who specialized in economics were more likely to hold the belief that honesty takes effort—a finding that was consistent across three independent samples (n = 1,561) including a large, nationally representative sample. We also found in Studies 2 and 3 that beliefs about honesty as effortful behavior mediated the relationship between economics specialization and the willingness to engage in unethical behavior, suggesting that economics specialization influences unethical behavior through an implicit pathway. Lastly, we found in Study 3 that economics specialization led people to hold beliefs about honesty as effortful behavior because it made them more utilitarian in their decision-making. We call for business schools to do more to encourage students to question the assumptions underlying the theories they are taught and to broaden their perspectives beyond economic and utilitarian considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the beginning of business research and teaching, the basic assumptions of the discipline have been intensely debated. One of these basic assumptions concerns the behavioral aspects of human beings, which are traditionally represented in the construct of homo economicus. These assumptions have been increasingly challenged in light of findings from social, ethnological, psychological, and ethical research. Some publications from an integrative perspective have suggested that homo economicus embodies to a high degree dark character traits, particularly related to the construct of psychopathy, representing individuals who are extremely self-centered and ruthless, without feelings of remorse or compassion. While a growing body of research notes such a similarity on a more or less anecdotal basis, this article aims to explore this connection from a more rigorous perspective, bridging insights from psychological, economic, and business research to better understand the potentially dark traits of homo economicus. The analysis shows that homo economicus is not simply some kind of psychopath, but specifically a so-called subclinical or Factor 1 psychopath, who is also referred to as a "corporate psychopath" in business research. With such an analysis, the paper adds an additional perspective and a deeper psychological level of understanding as to why homo economicus is often controversially debated. Based on these insights, several implications for academic research and teaching are discussed and reflected upon in light of an ethics of virtue and care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article highlights the strategic economic man in Mohsin Hamid’s How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising Asia. The novel reveals the contradictions of faking entrepreneurship amid the uneven development in rising Asia, showcasing individuals’ efforts for self-improvement despite political, socioeconomic, and cultural challenges. This faking fosters a new global identity that is sociable, emulative, altruistic, and cooperative as the economic man is reconciled with the sociological man, who learns from others through reading, imitation, and other interactive strategies. Ultimately, the novel suggests that maximizing benefits for personal development and the common good requires merging these two aspects of identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The worldwide launch of neoliberalism ushered everyone into an atomized society. Neoliberalism transforms Homo sapiens into Homo economicus, a narcissistic self-entrepreneur that positions their body as a factory, skills as resources, and earnings as products while relying less on others. Such atomization of individuals undermines the community. Following the Cartesian moment, enlightenment, and postmodernism's later wave, the world is disenchanted, deprived of unity in the form of community fragmentation. Foucault offered a Greco–Roman philosophical remedy for contemporary society, focusing on the formulation of 'Spiritual-Corporality' through the practice of care of the self. Foucault believed the one who takes good care of himself is often self-assured of his ability, expectations, and missions in relationships with others, he does not resort to tyranny in those relationships, giving him an ethical advantage in caring for his family and fellow citizens. If everyone strives to take care of themselves, the city-state will prosper. However, Foucault relied on Stoic philosophy over other ancient schools and failed to provide concrete practices on how to bind ourselves with others through care of the self. In partial agreement with Foucault, the present study chooses Hadot's spiritual exercise as a more accurate terminology to justify Greco–Roman philosophies' affordance to contemporary social unification. After reviewing the philosophies of Aristotle, the Stoics, and Epicurus, the present study selected the spiritual exercises of 'hitting the mean as deliberation', 'reframing of self', and 'thinking outside the box' as suitable practices for community flourishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text addresses Foucault's critical understanding of neoliberalism as a new contemporary governmentality strategy for the conduction of people's lives. A major aspect of Foucault's analysis of neoliberalism relies on his understanding of the neoliberal homo oeconomicus as dependent on subjectivation processes related to self-assumed values and standards oriented by the competitive economic market. Our hypothesis is that governmentality, critique and subjectivation are the core notions that shaped Foucault's understanding of neoliberalism and form the legacy of his seminal analysis. Contrary to critics who affirm that Foucault flirted or even became fascinated with neoliberalism, we argue that he offered critical tools for its understanding in a critique that is not to be confused with denunciation, however. Accordingly, we discuss Foucault's conception of critique and relate his analysis of neoliberalism to his notions of governmentality and subjectivation. Finally, we briefly point out how some contemporary critics of the neoliberal order have appropriated and developed Foucault's conceptual tools in their own understanding of it. We conclude that although Foucault did not propose a comprehensive theory of neoliberalism, he offered important critical insights for the understanding of it in our times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theory of compensation incentive suggests that matching management positions with appropriate compensation is conducive to improving the efficiency of corporate production and operations. However, within the backdrop of China's institutional framework, the pay restriction policy for executives of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) has led to a phenomenon known as pay-position upside down, which goes against the compensation incentive theory. This paper explores how this phenomenon affects financial investment from the standpoint of the profit-seeking incentive of pursuing political promotions and the rational economic man's motivation to flee accountability for performance evaluations. Our difference-in-differences estimations show that the CEO pay-position upside down has a positive effect on financial investment. Mechanistic analyses show that this link is strengthened by SOEs undergoing mixed reform, SOEs in the provinces inspected by the Central Inspection Team, and SOEs in situations where CEOs are younger and hold shorter tenures. Additionally, the central SOEs' inclination to pursue political promotions and handle performance reviews results in increased investment in financial assets. The findings of this study offer a new perspective on how to use compensation contracts for management incentives effectively and provide valuable insights into the rational arrangement of compensation and positions within state-owned enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the studies conducted on economic action have been reorganized through a metasynthesis to identify the alignment and misalignment of results, along with the factors affecting economic action. This study is aimed at creating a unified and new interpretation of research findings on economic action in Iran, using the "meta-synthesis" method. In order to provide a theoretical understanding of the concept of economic action, the focus is on Max Weber's concept of economic action and the theoretical approaches of "embeddedness". In this study, after identifying the relevant papers from the recent decade, 20 out of 98 identified papers were selected for the final analysis. After reviewing the papers, the research findings were constructed into 128 initial codes and 8 main categories under the core concept of "economy intertwined with society." this concept, while fundamentally questioning and critiquing the premise of an self-standing economy and the economic man, suggests that economic action is neither independent nor separate from other social, political, and cultural spheres of society, but rather occurs in close interaction with individuals' cultural, social, and belief systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues for the excavation of a key design logic around which the user interfaces (UIs) of mainstream social media platforms are built but that has not yet received much critical attention: the Western neoliberal subject as market actor, or homo oeconomicus, 'economic man.' This article identifies and connects key features in UI design of social media platforms to histories of European thought that emerge from the colonial and industrial eras around this universal figure of 'Man.' It takes initial inspiration from existing research with queer and trans users of the platform Tumblr as a counterexample, or illiberal platform. Borrowing across disciplines, it offers a technique of 'close reading' of UI design decisions and outlines a specific rubric for locating the biases of homo oeconomicus baked in to these decisions, which alleviate as much friction as possible in the path from user data to monetization. It closes with attention to other kinds of design logics and platforms that do not take this figure as their building block, such as a digital platform for queer sociality in the Middle East, in which strategic opacity and collective vetting work as communal protectives instead of being designed around individual agency and market logics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En este artículo se clasifican los bienes por sus características técnicas de rivalidad y exclusividad, pero con la inclusión de nuevas categorías que van desde rivalidad cero hasta rivalidad infinita y desde exclusión hasta obligado acceso. El marco conceptual permite ver problemas concretos para cumplir las condiciones del primer teorema de la economía del bienestar, demostrándose que el epítome de la teoría de mercado lo constituyen solo los bienes privados, con un inmenso espacio de bienes para los que la provisión por medio de precios libres no existe o es subóptima en el sentido de Pareto. Se propone un origen teórico de las externalidades, así como la imposibilidad técnica o práctica de completar mercados y, por medio del sistema de precios, lograr su internalización. Por último, el artículo demuestra que muchos de los problemas esperados por los fallos de mercado son ficticios, porque en lugar de homo oeconomicus somos homo sapiens, los seres más colaboradores de la naturaleza. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Professional Business Review (JPBReview) is the property of Open Access Publications LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Legal Theory / Jogelméleti Szemle / Zeitschrift für Rechtstheorie is the property of Journal of Legal Theory / Jogelmeleti Szemle / Zeitschrift fur Rechtstheorie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychosozial is the property of Psychosozial-Verlag GmbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The author of this article provides an example of how one might incorporate behavioral economics into teaching macroeconomics or labor economics at an undergraduate level. The focus is on two macroeconomic concepts—wage determination and the Phillips curve—and shows that the implications and conclusions of both models differ from their textbook versions, once behavioral aspects are taken into account. In order to do that, the author first presents the standard macroeconomic model in both cases, then stresses situations where homo economicus, i.e., the rationality assumption, does not hold, and finally introduces behavioral economics concepts that explain noted differences. The explanations are intertwined with small classroom experiments that can be part of the lecture and used to make the lecture more interesting and comprehensible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Filosofía UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Socioloski Pregled is the property of Srpsko Sociolosko Drustvo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Problem lottery gambling among lottery consumers has increased globally over the years, rendering it necessary to explore their financial literacy characteristics and to answer whether financial literacy inhibits problem lottery gambling. In the present research, a total of 316 Chinese lottery consumers, who constitute the culturally underrepresented samples in the extant literature, completed a survey about financial literacy and problem lottery gambling. Using the propensity score matching method, we compared financial literacy between Chinese lottery consumers and Chinese general population (N = 10,058). The results showed that the five facets of financial literacy (i.e., financial knowledge, financial capacity, financial management values, financial ethics, and wealth values) among Chinese lottery consumers were significantly lower than Chinese general population. Among Chinese lottery consumers, their Homo sociologicus index (including financial ethics and wealth values) negatively predicted problem lottery gambling, but the Homo economicus index (including financial knowledge, financial capacity, and financial management values) was not significantly associated with problem lottery gambling. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What would it truly mean to treat individuals "as real people" when designing public policies? This paper addresses this question by critically assessing the arguments put forth by Mario Rizzo and Glen Whitman's Escaping Paternalism: Rationality, Behavioral Economics, and Public Policy (2019). Rizzo and Whitman argue that the endeavor of Behavioral Economics to reintroduce psychology into economics and to critique the narrow concept of homo economicus used by neoclassical economics was commendable. However, Behavioral Economics failed to deliver the theoretical breakaway from Neoclassical Economics that it promised. They argue that while Behavioral Economics rejects neoclassical rationality descriptively, it still adheres to it normatively, a move the authors find unjustified. The authors critique libertarian paternalism, a normative branch of Behavioral Economics, for its narrow concept of rationality, emphasizing the ambiguity in determining decision failures and true preferences. Moreover, even when it is apparent that agents are behaving erroneously, implementing policy measures to rectify the situation would be an almost impossible task or, in a worst-case scenario, could have unintended negative consequences. Overall, the book excels in scrutinizing the methodological foundations of libertarian paternalism. Building on their critique, in the final chapter of the book, the authors endeavor to outline their vision for the future of behavioral public policy. They advocate for treating humans as intricate beings rather than mere marionettes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows how the homo oeconomicus has evolved from utility at work to consumption and then to the mystification of profit in a context of financialization and long-term crisis. Thus, a semantic slippage occurs, which distorts the achievements of capitalism, such as individualism and self-interest, for a libertarian belief -alien to liberalism, to Bentham's utilitarianism and marginalism- in which it is not possible to define social utility, nor the connection between the "rationality" of individual decisions and social choices. Usefulness is confused with profit in the primacy of today's business mentality and is often reflected in individual behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Do more intelligent investors take better economic decisions than less intelligent ones? Is risk attitude, in particular risk/loss aversion, linked to cognitive ability? Does an investor's cognitive ability impact his/her patience? Is financial performance positively linked to investor's intelligence? These research questions have become highly relevant with the development of behavioral economics and behavioral finance, following the recognition that humans are not homo economicus. This paper reviews the several strands of literature devoted to answering the above questions. We first discuss the barely debated definitions and measures of intelligence/cognitive ability used in psychology, economics, and finance. We then review the results related to the (controversial) link between risk aversion and cognitive ability. We observe that the literature provides clear results for patience; individuals with a higher level of cognitive ability being more patient on average. Finally, we review the contributions linking (successfully or not) portfolio choice and financial performance to cognitive ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a retrospective on the life and work of Daniel Kahneman, a psychologist who won a Nobel Prize in Economics. Kahneman's research focused on understanding human behavior and challenging traditional economic models. He made significant contributions to the fields of judgment and decision-making, prospect theory, and behavioral economics. His books became best-sellers and popularized his research. The given text is a list of references cited in an article that explores biases in judgments and reveals heuristics of thinking under uncertainty. It aims to provide insights into human judgment and decision-making processes. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide a gender-sensitive analysis of economic agency in Islamic economic philosophy. Design/methodology/approach: A critical review of classical ethics literature and the concept of khilafah is undertaken and discussed in conjunction with the current understanding of homo Islamicus. Findings: Building on the principles of khilafah, the concept of homo Islamicus is a pious stand-in for the flawed homo economicus. Among its flaws is the complete absence of a discussion of women as economic agents. To remedy this the discipline must acknowledge explicitly the denial of women and gender from the discussion of moral agency and include gender as a category of analysis for economic agency. This is only possible by: (1) introducing a non-patriarchal reading of khilafah as the model of agency and (2) by operationalising taqwa as the cardinal virtue of the economic agent instead of neoliberal rationality. Research limitations/implications: If Islamic economic philosophy is to contend as an alternative mode of economics, it must consider gender and class dimensions in its micro-foundation discussion, economic agency is one of them. Originality/value: This study reveals the patriarchal readings that are part of the foundation of the concept of the economic agent in Islamic economics, problematising it and providing a gender-sensitive concept of economic agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corrado Gini was a key intellectual in the Fascist establishment. His scientific programme included statistics, demography, eugenics, economics, and sociology, as well as occasional forays into political thought and anthropology. Historians have focused on his statistics and eugenics, in connection with his spell as head of the Italian bureau of statistics. This article, integrating economics with the other threads of Gini's programme, takes economic anthropology as a standpoint to reassess the inspiration behind his whole oeuvre. That anthropology consisted of two parts: the criticism of economists' 'economic man' and the attempt to replace it with an instinctual economic agent, inspired by the nationalist rhetoric of 'young peoples' bound to conquer the world. Once the perspective is enlarged, the usual definition of Gini as a technocrat proves insufficient, for his science incorporated essential pieces of Fascism's political ideology and cultural legitimacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The second digital wave has positioned artificial intelligence and digital platforms as new general purpose technologies, has driven the emergence of new value sources: prediction and circulation values, and has created a new explanatory phase into the relationship between digitalisation and economy: the digital transition. The governance of the digital transition, fully inserted in globalised capitalism, are not being able to reduce polarisation, economic inequalities, or the worsening environment. The article argues that failure in economic policy is closely linked to failure in political economy. The prevailing neoclassical approach is not being able to comprehensively explain the foundations, behaviour and results of digital economic life. To overcome this limitation, the article proposes a new narrative, the emergence of a new explanatory figure of economic behaviour and exchange. Homo digitalis extends the egotistical, isolated, and rational precepts of Homo economicus, and incorporates the scope of social welfare and environmental sustainability as enabling goals. The main components of Homo digitalis are the emergence of multiple biological, social and virtual identities and worlds; the integration of new forms of artificial and intelligent life into our bodies and minds (transhumanism); and the consolidation of a new egalitarian rule based on the access-platform-collaboration identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collectivists assimilate the methodological individualism of the evolutionary tradition to the homo oeconomicus tradition that incurs the methodological mistake of psychologism. The homo oeconomicus approach is a construction concerned with the concept of maximization that the methodological individualism neglects because it is disconnected from all social dimensions. This paper aims to demarcate the boundaries between the two traditions and argue that the search for a methodological “third way” between collectivism and psychologism is superfluous because the methodological individualism is already a “third” approach: the one that rejects both the hypersocialized actor shaped by institutions and the selfish actor who ignores the intersubjective relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Distance Education (1672-0008) is the property of Zhejiang Open University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Filosofía UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Western thought’s worldview of the concept of man has influenced much of the theoretical basis of science. Without realizing it, the Western interpretation of the human concept still raises debates just like the concept of the economic man. The West’s failure to understand the concept of the economic man had an impact on economic problems in the neoclassical era. This study aims to analyze the worldview analogy of Western thinking about human nature from various figures and relate it to the context of economic problems in a neoclassical era. This study uses a conceptual approach. Western interpretations of human nature tend to be based on the nature of animals such as rational animals, zoon politicon, and homo sapiens. Meanwhile, in an economic aspect, humans are considered selfish, materialistic, self-interested, greedy, and always want to gain power. The worldview of various Western figures in interpreting human economics leads to the rationality of materialism. It can be said that the Western worldview fails in understanding the human concept. Failure to understand this concept raises complex economic problems in the neoclassical era such as scarcity, climate crisis, poverty, and welfare. Because human nature is uncontrollably exploiting nature through production activities to increase wealth is a main factor.

This paper addresses objectivity in economics. It criticizes a closed science, ‘view from nowhere’ conception of economics and defends an open science, ‘view from somewhere’ conception of objective science. It ascribes the first conception to mainstream economics, associates it with its principle practices – reductionist modeling, formalization, limited interdisciplinarity, and value neutrality – and argues their foundation is the Homo economicus individual conception. Two problematic consequences of adopting this stance are: (i) value blindness regarding the range and complexity of human values; (ii) fatalism regarding human behavior associated with employing a tenseless representation of time. The paper contrasts the principle practices of an open science, view from science conception – complexity modeling, mixed methods, strong relationships to other disciplines, and value diversity – and argues their foundation is a socially and historically embedded economics individual conception that avoids the value blindness and fatalism problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Credit rationing hindered the development of MSEs. Big data credit technology creates a great opportunity to address this issue. Then, how does big data credit technology affect and to what extent can it alleviate the credit rationing of MSEs? Based on the bounded rationality economic man hypothesis, the evolutionary game model of banks and MSEs under the traditional mode and big data credit technology are constructed, respectively, in this paper, and the evolutionary trajectory of bank-enterprise credit strategies under the two modes are comparatively analyzed. The results show that it is hard to alleviate the credit rationing of MSEs under the traditional mode. However, under big data credit technology, when the overall credit level of MSEs is high, the credit rationing of MSEs will be effectively alleviated. When the overall credit level of MSEs is too low, it is difficult to determine whether big data credit technology can alleviate the credit rationing of MSEs. In order to verify the feasibility of big data credit technology in alleviating the credit rationing of MSEs, a simulation experiment is conducted to compare the differences in the credit rationing of MSEs with different credit levels under the two credit modes. We found that the credit rationing of MSEs is always lower under big data credit technology than under the traditional mode. Therefore, big data credit technology can effectively alleviate the credit rationing of MSEs under any circumstances. The research provides theoretical support for banks to apply big data credit technology to achieve a win-win situation for both parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes two episodes of Foucault's reading(s) of Hume's philosophy. In both cases Hume is important to Foucault's overall argument and aims. In particular, in both Foucault takes a fairly conventional philosophical description of Hume--as a 'skeptic' and 'empiricist'--for granted and shows that these disguise a worldhistorical significance. In section 1, the paper explores Hume's role in Foucault's (1966) The Order of Things. The paper argues Hume stands in for the hidden role of similarity in the human sciences of the so-called 'classical period.' The paper examines Hume's account of relations which do not fully support Foucault's claims about Hume. It is proposed that Foucault's reading is motivated by the role Hume plays in Husserl's philosophy. In section 2, Foucault's treatment of Hume on March 28, 1979, during the eleventh lecture of the series known as Birth of Biopolitics, is analyzed. There Foucault ascribes to Hume's account of the subject the key building blocks that allowed for the development of Benthamite radicalism and homo economicus. The paper situates Foucault's later analysis of Hume in Foucault's larger account of the development of the so-called radical (Benthamite) strain of liberalism that, on Foucault's telling, runs through Chicago economics. While Foucault's account of Hume is anachronistic, this anachronism illuminates the building blocks of modern liberalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern economic theory has been dominated by neoclassical economics since the 1970s. Like any theory, neoclassical economics also has a series of assumptions underpinning it. These assumptions have been criticized and challenged on various grounds in the past several decades. The most serious assumption is the assumption of rational economic agents who aim to maximize their utility by analyzing the costs and benefits of every decision. The presence of "homo economicus" is very rare in our society. In fact, it is practically and psychologically impossible to be rational even most of the times. Empirical and experimental research heavily corroborates this fact. Despite such massive evidence, nearly all economic models and public policies use this distorting assumption in analysis and research. The result has been catastrophic, as can be seen in the Global Financial Crisis of 2008, the Dot-Com bust and numerous financial market crashes before that. Furthermore, the theory of rationality also reduces the effectiveness of government policies in achieving their objectives. Behavioral economics has emerged to address these fallacies of modern neoclassical economics and complement it to improve economic theory, methodologies and forecasting. Behavioral economics has mainly two branches macro theory which aims to design macro-economic models incorporating behavioral concepts and micro theory which explains the various biases that individuals, groups and institutions exhibit in economic and even social decision-making. This research is focused on micro-behavioral economic theory. While a colossal magnitude of research has been done in identifying, testing and explaining the plethora of behavioral biases, there is a dearth of research on systematically reducing these biases. This research aims to fill this gap by conducting research on private and public sector employees of 30 to 40 years age and testing for a significant difference in level of biases revealed between the two groups of employees. The research found that there is a significant level of difference in the rational decision-making behavior of the two groups of employees. It also discusses the applications of the findings and the further scope for research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Universum is the property of Instituto de Estudios Humanisticos Juan Ignacio Molina, Universidad de Talca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In economic sciences, most analyses focus on the economic person construct. However, this that formalization does not capture the complex nature of human behaviour. This paper estimates the weight that economic and noneconomic dimensions of human behaviour have on wellbeing. A utility function is considered that models behaviour from a complex standpoint, where the motivations of the economic individual (homo economicus) are analysed in a broad perspective by integrating emotional wellbeing and human virtues into the model (homo virtus). Three empirical measures of wellbeing are used: The Well-Being Index developed by the Boston Consulting Group's Sustainable Economic Development Assessment (2008–2018), the Index of Economic Well-Being from the Centre for the Study of Living Standards (1980–2014), and the Happiness Score from the World Happiness Report (2005–2018). Depending on data availability, the model is estimated globally for all countries, OECD countries, European countries, and developing countries using linear regression methods. The results indicate that, on average, the homo virtus dimension of behaviour has a weight of 11% in countries' wellbeing functions, while the economic perspective has a weight of 89%. Additionally, the results show that richer countries value economic factors more than poorer countries. The analyses also show that the maximum level of emotional satisfaction is higher for European and OECD countries than for developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sheds light on some aspects of what contemporary clinical theory calls "borderline" condition providing a description of a key figure of late-modern culture that I will call Homo dissipans (from Latin dissipatio, -onis = scattering, dispersion). Homo dissipans is the opposite of Homo œconomicus, the form that "narcissism" takes on in contemporary "achievement society," solely concerned with rational action aimed to utility and production. In order to define Homo dissipans, I follow French philosopher, anthropologist, and novelist Georges Bataille's descriptions of two core phenomena: "excess" and "expenditure." The former can be defined as a surplus of energy that according to Bataille characterizes human existence, animated by a general movement of exudation and dilapidation and an inexhaustible drive to "pour out" of oneself, especially outside the limits of composure and reasonableness. The latter is an ethical attitude which gives its approval to excess and to its metamorphic and destructive power. The Homo dissipans' credo is to profitlessly dissipate the surplus of energy, escape into a world of pure intensities in which all forms – including identity – dissolve and surrender themselves to transformation. I argue that Bataille's ideas about "dissipation" can help us reconsider two features attributed to borderline personality disorder which have been extensively described and sometimes stigmatized – "identity diffusion" and "stable instability" – and to better recognize, understand, and make sense of their phenomenology in the clinical context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The philosophy of economics is considered a subfield within contemporary philosophy that aims to study and analyze the main philosophical problems of economic science. Philosophical thought plays a fundamental role in the teaching of economics, since it offers an immeasurable wealth in which to seek sources of inspiration or learning for economic knowledge. This article aims to reflect on the study of the philosophy of economics as a proposal for an elective curricular unit in the reform of the philosophy degree at the University of Zulia, which incorporates an anthropological foundation, through the analysis of the notion of economic man in the main currents or schools of economic thought. Both the problems of economic theory and those of economic policies have philosophical and ideological support, as well as moral consequences. Likewise, the two main problems that economic science faces are the question of homo oeconomicus and the issue of values, from the philosophical perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Latin American Integration Route (RILA) and the Bioceánico Corridor emerge as important integration initiatives that can bring significant benefits to the countries through which the Corridor passes, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina and Chile, in the economic field, based on the context of economic human rights, to observe the behavior of agents, and their compliance with the values of decent living conditions. In this context, this article aimed to analyze the right of integration into the RILA and the Bioceânico Corridor, seeking to understand the legal and institutional aspects involved, with a focus on the economic impact. The proposed methodology is descriptive-qualitative, carried out through an integrative literature review, in which the following databases were used: Scielo, Scopus and Web of Science, which resulted in a total of 12 articles. Secondary data resulting from the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the Institute of Applied Economic Research (Ipea) were also collected, which resulted in probabilities, providing different challenges such as: taxation rates between countries, reduction of protectionism, corruption, integration of universities and exchange. For Porto Murtinho and Carmelo Peralta, the expectation is that with the growth of the logistical flow and exports, the per capita income will increase and leverage social improvements in the municipalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From logic where the consumer is considered a rational being when it comes to making purchasing decisions, we now consider that this same consumer can be irrational when it comes to living an experience. Morris Holbrook offered this different perspective in his article published in 1982 with his colleague Hirschman: from a homo economicus to a human who has fantasies, wants to feel and enjoy ("The Experiential Aspects of Consumption: Consumer Fantasies, Feelings, and Fun"). This article explores the evolution and the multiple facets that have been addressed by academic researchers since 1982, particularly those interested in arts and culture marketing. A literature review comprising 579 articles from 93 scientific journals identified several mechanisms at work in the cultural consumer's day. It also shows that Morris Holbrook's work extends beyond marketing journals to the fields of tourism, psychology and sociology. Arts marketing emerged 40 years ago from studies on the socio-economic profile of cultural consumers to address notions of why and how they experience their relationship with the world of arts and artists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is a collection of book reviews from the journal Agricultural History. The first review discusses a book that focuses on the management of agricultural farms in the French-speaking world from the 18th to the 19th century. The reviewer praises the book for its synthesis of past scholarship and its potential for future research, but criticizes the lack of political actors in the narrative. The second review examines a book that explores the outlook of peasants in northern France, Belgium, and Switzerland during the 18th and 19th centuries. The book analyzes the peasants' farm management records and highlights their concerns for their households, community, and reputation. The reviewer commends the author for his contribution to agricultural history and the understanding of peasant rationality. The third review discusses a book that explores the complex relationships between humans and other species in Australia's Murray-Darling Basin. The book presents various case studies and emphasizes the interconnectedness of human societies and ecosystems. The reviewer notes the book's pluralistic approach and its contribution to the field of environmental history. [Extracted from the article]

Although different worldviews have been presented to analyze the conservation behaviors of farmers, limited empirical evidence exists for the use of the economic man worldview to analyze farmers' water conservation behaviors (WCBs). Therefore, the conceptualization of farmers' water conservation behavioral intentions through the lens of this worldview was the primary objective of this survey. To this aim, the extended planned behavior theory (PBT), which is the main theory of the economic man worldview, was employed. The study population was 36183 Iranian farmers, 380 of whom were interviewed in-person in the form a cross-sectional survey research design. An estimation of sample size was performed via the Krejcie and Morgan Table. Moreover, the distribution of the sample size was carried out by a multi-stage random sampling method. Validity and reliability, which are undeniable features of questionnaires in social and psychological sciences, were examined using different quantitative and qualitative indices. The obtained results indicated that the effect of intention towards water conservation (IWC) on WCB was positive and significant. Therefore, this research supports the main assumption of the PBT and the economic man worldview. However, according to the results, the power of IWC's effect on WCB is not very significant. In addition, the variance explanation of WCB as the fundamental dependent variable is not very high. It can be mentioned that the economic man worldview has a relative and moderate power to analyze the WCBs of farmers. Hence, it is suggested that some variables, including moral norms, environmental concerns, and environmental values, are used to develop and increase the explanatory power of the PBT in future studies. This study is the first study of the applicability of the economic man approach in analyzing farmers' WCBs. It could be used to open a new research window for future and interested researchers to conduct successful interventions in the field of water conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sakarya Journal of Economics / Sakarya Iktisat Dergisi is the property of Sakarya Journal of Economics / Sakarya Iktisat Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences & Philosophy is the property of Research Center for Humanities & Social Sciences, Academia Sinica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper argues that despite of the efforts of political economists like David Hume or Adam Smith, the moral evaluation of self-interested motives or acts was, in some places, controversial throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. Although the paper primarily focuses on Hungarian instances of the above-mentioned phenomenon, it also intends to place them in an international context. The ideas enumerated and partly elaborated here are taken from both works of philosophy and literature, and are intended to highlight the political concerns triggered by the sinister image of the unconstrained self-interestedness of individuals. As we shall see, a certain part of the literary and scientific public, both in Hungary and elsewhere held that political communities could not be maintained on purely Smithian grounds, and hence the utility function of classical political economists should be updated with a new variable, called “sense of community” by them [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of the homo oeconomicus is often used to model human behaviour in economic contexts. However, other factors like tradition or the preference to comply with social norms can play a role in decision‐making processes.To emphasize the need for incorporating non‐pecuniary values in economic models, we use data for participation in several agri‐environment schemes (AES) in Europe and show that dynamical patterns can not be simulated by models using the homo oeconomicus concept.The presented data show gradually increasing participation levels in AES even if payment levels are constant. Furthermore, low participation levels are sometimes observed despite appropriate incentive schemes.We propose and investigate a dynamic mathematical model to implement social norms in farmers' land‐use decision‐making in the face of AES. This socio‐economic model can help to explain the variety of observed behavioural patterns. It can generate multistable dynamics regarding the level of AES participation in the long‐term. We further assume that informative campaigns can modify farmers' perception of norms. Campaigns can have a stabilizing effect if strong enough.The attempt of this work is to gain a better understanding of how the integration of social human behaviour in economic models affects simulation patterns. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Management / Gongcheng Guanli Xuebao is the property of Journal of Engineering Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Robinson Crusoe is among the world's most mythologized fictional characters. As homo economicus, economic man, Crusoe is a byword for rugged individualism. Crusoe has been linked to the emergent bourgeois individual, and this role offers a way to reconsider, after 300 years of circulation, an alternate economic reading of the character. This article rereads Crusoe's role in Marx's theory of commodity fetishism, prompted by an art installation, REFUGIO – after Selkirk, after Crusoe by Roger Palmer, which explores a visually doubled figure of Crusoe relocated to the Pacific Ocean. This trope of doubling is reinterpreted with Marx's concept of "economic character masks" and J.M. Coetzee's postcolonial re-imagining of the Crusoe story, Foe, showing that Crusoe's economic character mask continues to operate in the capitalist world while his body is absent. Homo economicus is a fiction that obscures the capitalist individual's imbrication with globalizing networks of exchange, accumulation, and exploitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]