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The article focuses on the growing role and importance of socially responsible business behavior. This is associated with a number of factors, such as the increasing ethical consciousness of society, the growing impact of business on the environment and people’s lives, and intensified competition in the market. It is noted that socially responsible business behavior involves respect for human rights, environmental protection, investment in human capital, and the fight against corruption. The purpose of the article is to explore and substantiate the ways to stimulate business towards socially responsible and respect human rights in the economic sphere. This goal is realized in the article by solving the following research tasks: the author analyzes the concept and essence of socially responsible business behavior and respect for human rights in international legal documents; defines the basic principles of socially responsible business behavior; studies the factors influencing the incentives for business towards socially responsible behavior; and develops and substantiates a complex of measures to stimulate business towards socially responsible behavior and respect for human rights. The author explores the role of business in society and the need to take into account social and ethical aspects in its activities. The author analyzes the impact of socially responsible behavior of business entities on economic development and positive impact on society as a whole. The expected results of the proposed measures are determined. The general conclusion of the article is that socially responsible business behavior and respect for human rights in the economic sphere are important components of sustainable development in modern society. Specific recommendations are proposed for enterprises to engage in these processes and maximize their social impact. The results of this study can be used to develop and implement state policy in the field of stimulating socially responsible business behavior, as well as for self-improvement of business entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The legal regime of martial law led not only to changes in the legislation of Ukraine, but also to the activation of self-regulation of economic entities, which covers their internal organizational activities. War changes the conditions for the ethical conduct of digital business and adds certain features that should be reflected in a formalized collection of moral principles of the company. Codes of ethics are one of the important means of self-regulation of business entities in the digital economy. The digital economy is associated with the global movement of goods and services, so companies pay enough attention to the development and promotion of ethical principles and the formation of a certain collection based on them - a code of ethics. The purpose of the study is to determine the peculiarities of ethical codes in the field of the digital economy after the full-scale invasion of russia on the territory of Ukraine. It has been established that economic entities of the digital economy are obliged to take into account and enshrine in ethical codes the peculiarities of carrying out activities under the conditions of the legal regime of martial law. At the same time, it is not enough to have only the formal consolidation of ethical principles in the relevant internal documents of the company, their practical implementation is mandatory. Adherence to the norms of international law (transnational public order) is the duty of a socially responsible civilized business, which should help to recognize the ethical norms of the company, taking into account the peculiarities of the state of war. It is important that companies take responsibility, and not wait for a ban from the state, which needs time to change the regulations. It has been proven that the ethical codes should undergo changes, with the obligatory fixing of provisions: the company does not cooperate with business entities of the aggressor state and with persons who support and cooperate with them; the company does not work in the aggressor state and states that are accomplices and support aggression. Such a position should be formed not only on the basis of legislative prohibitions, but in the case of a regulatory gap, the company’s policy should be revised in order to implement such an idea to achieve the goals of the rule of transnational public order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the potential of electronic invoice data to enhance the System of National Accounts (SNA) and facilitate a Real-Time Economy (RTE). The rise of data science and advancements in information and communication technologies have increased the use of big data in economic statistics. E-invoice data is being digitized in Europe to detect VAT fraud, but it also contains a vast amount of information on economic entities that make up the SNA. This study focuses on integrating electronic accounting information to improve the coverage, granularity, and update speed of SNA. The paper examines the concept of RTE, which emphasizes real-time data processing and automation, particularly in Estonia and Finland. It also highlights the benefits and challenges of using invoice data for economic statistics, including issues related to data storage formats, legislative systems, and the coordination of data linkages. The research demonstrates invoice data's theoretical and practical applications for constructing Input–Output Tables (IOTs) and monitoring financial situations. Despite the technical and institutional hurdles, the study suggests integrating invoice data can significantly transform economic statistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Independent directors are an important internal governance mechanism, and the characteristics of independent directors influence the strategic decisions of the company. With the emergence of research on the impact of geographical location on economic entities, geographical distance is gradually gaining attention in corporate governance. However, relatively few studies in emerging markets have analysed the effectiveness of independent directors' performances in terms of geographical location factors. We determine the location of independent directors by manually searching their biographies, annual reports, and news reports, calculate the geographical distance between the location of independent directors and listed companies, analyse the relationship between the geographical distance of independent directors and firm innovation, and test the moderating effect of high-speed rail (HSR) construction. The test results show that the geographical distance between independent directors and the companies they work for can inhibit corporate innovation and that the construction of HSR in the cities where listed companies are located can mitigate this inhibiting effect. We extend the study of geographical location characteristics influencing economic behaviour to the field of independent directors, enriching the study of factors influencing corporate innovation in emerging markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Definition: Public company audits are not homogenous. Varying audit partner attributes, including gender, age, location, and expertise, play important roles in explaining audit outcome disparities. The extant literature underscores the influence of firm-level and office-level differences, in areas such as size, culture, and industry expertise, in shaping audit outcomes. Commonwealth countries, such as the U.K., Australia, New Zealand, and Continental European countries, along with Asian economic entities, mandate the disclosure of audit partner names. Consequently, significant research efforts have been devoted to investigating the impact of audit partner characteristics on audit outcomes in these jurisdictions. With the adoption of Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) Rule 3211, mandating disclosure of audit engagement partner details for U.S.-registered public accounting firms on Form AP, there has been a surge in U.S. firm research exploring the significance of audit partner characteristics on audit outcomes in recent years. This paper outlines research that considers audit partner attributes' influence on audit partner selection and audit quality across different economic entities. This entry contributes by synthesizing findings from recent research across diverse economic contexts, including the recently available insights from U.S.-based audits. The analysis of this entry not only provides insights into the current state of audit partner research but also delineates avenues for future research on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, the insurance activity had shown an implausible increase which had an expressively valuable effect on the economic growth of several countries globally. Services that influence growth in the country include the deployment of a colossal sum of funds by means of premiums for short- and long-term investment for development and underwriting of risk in economic entities. We propose in this paper new credibility premiums, which is based on a relationship between the number and the number of claims of a contract for that year, under the irreducible random variables, which helps us ensure the covariance matrix inversion. And then we calculate bivariate Bühlmann and Bühlmann Straub estimators with application. Thus, we arrive at the new estimators of the individual premium by using additional sources of data. We conclude with structure parameters estimators and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The study aims to describe information systems applied in economic entities with particular emphasis on the changes which have taken place during the organisational development of production enterprises, especially the progress while implementing computing technologies. Design/methodology/approach: Based on an extensive study of the literature on the subject, the author analyses the stages that IT systems have undergone to achieve their role of supporting management of production enterprises. The paper covers the whole range of computerised systems that have been utilised in this scope in economic entities. Findings: The study includes a short analysis of the use of individual groups of issues in the description of the stages of implementing the appropriate systems. Moreover, the article also presents the definition of information as inseparably related to information systems. Practical implications: The systems characterized in the paper cover the issues from data processing to knowledge bases support. In particular, the role of Systems of Computer Management of Organisations has been stressed with particular emphasis on practical application in enterprises. In this group systems have been characterized from the field of warehouse economy to the systems of resource management in enterprises. Moreover, the group of Information Systems of Management Support, the comprehensively integrated systems have been presented in the paper alongside the characteristics of Intelligent Systems of Decision Support. Aa a whole, the presented analysis covers the thematic scope from expert systems to multi-agent systems and can be applied in the practice of contemporary enterprises management. Originality/value: The article presents the group of Information Management Systems which significantly influence the changes in the organisation of enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The defense-industrial complex is a component of the security and defense sector of Ukraine, the main task of which is the implementation of mechanisms of public-private partnership and militarytechnical cooperation with foreign countries for the production, supply of new and modernization of existing types of weapons, military and special equipment that meet the needs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other bodies of the security and defense sector, as well as to increase the export militaryindustrial potential of the country. Systematization of criminal offenses committed in the defense-industrial complex of Ukraine was carried out, divided into: self-interested encroachments on property (Articles 185, 191 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) and abuse of office (Articles 364, 364-1, 365-2, 366, 367, 368, 369-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine); economic and criminal sabotage that undermines the economic security and defense capability of the country (Articles 330 and 333 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) – uncontrolled movement across the state border of Ukraine of information and products of defense importance that are state secrets or subject to special export control; the defense-industrial complex, as an object of destructive influence by hostile foreign policy agents, can become the cause of crimes against the interests of the state and national security, such as disclosure of state secrets (Article 328 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), espionage (Article 114 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), treason (Article 111 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) and sabotage (Article 113 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine). The conducted analysis of the criminal situation in the defense-industrial sphere proved the need for the implementation of a complex, systematic criminal-obstructive influence, including an operationalinvestigative one. Professional concealment of criminal actions by the participants through the use of a network of non-state economic entities and corruption connections is characteristic of such a militaryindustrial sector. Latency of tinted embezzlement schemes, carried out with the participation of illegally operating business entities, determines the priority of the work of operational units in identifying and documenting signs of criminal offenses in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the widespread recognition of the significance of long-term sustainability, there is as yet a relative paucity of evidence on what factors account for sustainability performance. In an effort to close the apparent gap in knowledge, this study contributes new empirical evidence to this discussion by considering the role of economic policy uncertainty. Inconsistent economic policy may undermine sustainability efforts as it creates a more complex and volatile operating environment, which, in turn, affects the behaviour of economic entities in the system. Drawing primarily on environmental management literature, this study aims to investigate the relationship between economic policy uncertainty and sustainability performance in the Asian regions between 2012 and 2020. With country-level annual data, this study estimates the model using a system generalised method of moments approach to address the possible biases resulting from serial correlation of random errors, simultaneity, and unobserved heterogeneity. Therefore, the estimates of this study will be consistent and asymptotically unbiased. The empirical analysis reveals that sustainability performance in Asia is adversely affected by economic policy uncertainty. The sustainability sub-components results are broadly in line with the main results that a higher economic policy uncertainty index is detrimental to the protection of natural capital and the development of social capital. This study concludes that ongoing economic policy uncertainty and disturbance could have serious repercussions for local economies, thereby hindering sustainability development. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that the establishment of sustainability development frameworks in areas of climate goals, social justice, and good governance would need to pay close attention to uncertainty in economic policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shared energy storage offers substantial savings on construction costs and improves energy efficiency for users, yet its business model as an independent economic entity remains unclear. An optimal scheduling method for cooperative operation of shared energy storage among multiple user types is proposed in this paper, which relied on asymmetric Nash bargaining to define operational schedules and pricing strategies effectively. Initially, a cost-benefit model for shared energy storage operators, along with power generation users, demand-side consumers, and microgrid prosumers is developed. Then, a cooperative game framework is established using asymmetric Nash bargaining principles which decomposes the problem into two parts: minimizing social total cost through cooperative operation scheduling and determining service fee pricing for equitable benefit distribution. For benefit distribution, the bargaining power of users is adjusted based on their alliance contribution, ensuring revenue distribution is aligned with individual contributions and improving fairness in pricing. Subsequently, the adaptive penalty factor alternating direction multiplier method (ADMM) algorithm is employed for distributed equilibrium solving, enhancing the convergence speed and safeguarding user privacy. Finally, the economics and feasibility of the proposed cooperation framework for shared energy storage are validated through a numerical example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of the article is to present various approaches to organizational identity, with particular reference to the approach of J.M.T. Balmer (2017) and various approaches to values. Moreover, presenting the results of empirical research on the perception of organizational identity by enterprise employees and values in relation to own construct of values oriented towards the functioning of enterprises in their various aspects. Design/methodology/approach: Theoretical research in the field of organizational identity and values in the enterprise. Conducting own empirical research, also in relation to own value construct, which takes into account various aspects of the company’s operation, also relations with the environment. The article is an innovative approach to the presented topic due to the use of author’s own value construct in relation to empirical research. Findings: According to the conducted research, all of the above-mentioned features of the organizational identity of the entities, the respondents are employed in, were considered important. These include: organizational type of the enterprise, purpose(s) of the enterprise/organization, area of activity, geographical scope, ethos and values, market position, management method and employee behaviour, markets and customers served, quality of products and/or services. Moreover, it was shown that all the areas included in the author’s value construct are important for the surveyed employees, i.e. customer service, quality, responsibility, teamwork. Research limitations/implications: Further research will focus on the remaining features of organizational identity by J.M.T. Balmer, also in relation to the analysis of the approach of representatives of different age groups and industry specificity. Moreover, it is worth including the cultural context in future research and indicating, on the basis of a representative sample, how representatives of lower levels of management and the management staff of enterprises approach the aspects discussed in this article. The study has some limitations. The results cannot be generalized because the sample was not selected probabilistically. Practical implications: The presented original value construct can constitute a set of indications for further diagnosis and modification of the development paths of an economic entity, also in the perspective dimension. Its application can be universal and the research results obtained on its basis may support the targeting of programs to improve the management of various types of business entities, also in the context of shaping their organizational identity. Social implications: The research presented in the article is part of the research trend that serves to shape attitudes conducive to building awareness of corporate social responsibility in the context of the presented approach to values oriented not only to the development of the enterprise but also to shaping appropriate relations with the environment. Originality/value: The study showed the perception of organizational identity by company employees in connection with the values identified in author’s own construct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to identify the problematic economic and legal aspects of anti-crisis management of the personnel potential of the enterprise in the conditions of strengthening the processes of forced labour migration of the population. The results obtained in the course of the research allow us to ascertain the significant impact on the activities of economic entities of modern challenges and dangers, which cause significant destructive changes in the labour resource management system of enterprises as a result of the threatening increase in the scale of forced labour migration, which exacerbates the shortage of personnel at domestic enterprises. and through the intensification of mobilization measures, which cause the movement of the economically active and highly qualified labour force to the structures of the defence forces and the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The article analyzes the essence, features and interrelationship of the anti-crisis management of the personnel potential of the enterprise with the processes of forced labour migration of the population. It has been established that forced labour migration is a destabilizing factor in enterprise activity and creates prerequisites for the emergence of crisis situations. It has been proven that forced labour migration has a significant negative impact on the formation of labour resources of domestic enterprises, which causes a shortage of highly qualified workers. It was found that the processes of forced labour migration within the regions continue to intensify in Ukraine. In order to overcome crisis situations at the enterprise regarding the management of personnel potential, the most appropriate measures are proposed and substantiated. The model of anti-crisis management of the personnel potential of the enterprise in the conditions of strengthening the processes of forced labour migration of the population is substantiated and proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of this study is the process of analyzing the volume of product sales in the retail market, where producers and consumers with different levels of social responsibility operate. Advancements are aimed at solving the problem of insufficient consideration of the social responsibility of economic entities in modern economic and mathematical models. In the work, the improvement of the linear programming model, intended for the evaluation of sales of alternative variants of goods with different social utility to consumers with different social responsibility, by taking into account some real conditions of making purchases, was carried out. As a result of the study, a modification of the model was proposed that makes it possible to take into account the behavior of buyers who choose a product randomly. Also, with the help of additional restrictions, the model takes into account the fact that consumers with different social responsibility make purchases in parallel in time. In addition, the approach to identifying a set of consumer groups in the aspect of social responsibility using the method of questionnaires of the ranking type and building a decision tree of consumers is described. The proposed modification of the model was tested on the example of evaluating the sales volumes of environmentally-friendly and non-environmentally-friendly varieties of goods in the office paper market. It is shown that not taking into account the added restrictions in the model could significantly affect the estimates of sales volumes. The proposed improvements to the model make it possible to obtain more realistic estimates of the volume of sales of goods, taking into account the social responsibility of consumers, as well as quantitative and qualitative characteristics of competitors’ offers. This contributes to better decision-making support for manufacturing socially useful products, in particular, environmentally-friendly ones [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the pressing need to ensure the resilience of the financial system amid macroeconomic instability caused by prolonged Russian military aggression, the transition to a recovery trajectory, and subsequent development trends. While long-term development on a self-sustaining financial basis is a goal, the immediate priority is identifying sources of stability in the context of modern dynamics. The article clarifies the importance of theoretical and methodological frameworks, as well as specific functional aspects, that shape the financial system’s development. Resilience is highlighted as a crucial property of the financial system, ensuring its survival and the fulfillment of its inherent functions. The roles of financialization and digitalization in enhancing system resilience are also examined. It is emphasized that changes in financial system resilience stem from the evolving financial and digital landscape, influenced by globalization and digitalization processes. The article notes the ability of individual economic entities to impact their own financial resilience and the broader financial system by implementing balanced strategies that rationalize the benefits and risks of digitalization, while considering global financialization trends. In ensuring system resilience, emphasis is placed on the capabilities of individual entities and financial subsystems to adapt to digitalization’s impact, balancing technical, technological, and informational components, each with unique characteristics and effectiveness. It is concluded that the flexible response of economic entities to modern transformation trends, facilitated by the adaptation of specific mechanisms and management actions, is vital for achieving and maintaining financial system resilience amid the changing financial and digital landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: South Africa, grappling with the complexities of malnutrition, faces a dual challenge of undernutrition in children and overnutrition in adults, particularly among women. This situation is exacerbated by high rates of food insecurity, affecting nearly one-fourth of households. In this context, the role of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations (ROSCAs), locally known as stokvels, becomes increasingly significant. These informal, often women-led, savings and borrowing groups present a unique opportunity to address dietary challenges and promote healthier eating practices in urban, low-income settings. This study explores the potential of stokvels in mitigating the dual burden of malnutrition by facilitating access to healthy, affordable foods. Methods: We conducted stakeholder mapping to understand the roles and influences of various actors within South Africa's food system, particularly their interactions with stokvels. Our research focuses on how these groups, deeply embedded in the community fabric, can leverage their collective power to negotiate better access to nutritious food and influence healthier dietary choices. Stakeholders identified in the study span diverse sectors, including retail, agriculture, finance, and community organizations. Results: The research reveals that stokvels are perceived as vital social and economic entities capable of maximizing value through partnerships and networks. However, challenges such as the informal nature of stokvels and the lack of formal legal agreements often hinder their ability to form partnerships with formal institutions. The findings emphasize the importance of understanding and leveraging the social dynamics within stokvels, recognizing their role in enhancing food security and contributing to economic empowerment, especially for women. The study also identifies the need for formalizing stokvel structures to enhance their operational efficiency and increase their impact on food systems. Discussion: In conclusion, this research highlights the untapped potential of stokvels in addressing South Africa's nutritional challenges. By fostering stronger connections between stokvels and various food system actors, there is a significant opportunity to improve food security and promote healthier eating habits in low-income communities. Future research should aim to include unrepresented stakeholders and explore strategies to enhance the role of ROSCAs in promoting healthier food choices and addressing affordability and accessibility barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feynman diagrams represent one of the most powerful and fascinating tools developed in theoretical physics in the last century. Introduced within the framework of quantum electrodynamics as a suitable method for computing the amplitude of a physical process, they rapidly became a fundamental mathematical object in quantum field theory. However, their abstract nature seems to suggest a wider usage, which actually exceeds the physical context. Indeed, as mathematical objects, they could simply be considered graphs that depict not only physical quantities but also biological or economic entities. We survey the analytical and algebraic properties of such diagrams to understand their utility in several areas of science, eventually providing some examples of recent applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pacha: Revista de Estudios Contemporáneos del Sur Global is the property of PACHA REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS CONTEMPORANEOS DEL SUR GLOBAL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is a theoretical and methodological study of risks as an important concept of enterprise management, highlighting the methodology of comprehensive risk analysis based on the criteria of the enterprise's financial condition. The essence and tasks of enterprise risk management and the place and role of analysis as a priority, all-encompassing functional component are highlighted. Analysis and assessment of the level of risks in statics and dynamics, using the integral function of the financial state of a multidimensional dynamic object, makes it possible to track the zones of unacceptable risk in the development of the enterprise. The calculation of the integrated assessment of the impact of risks on financial stability is carried out with the help of definitions of the outlined financial coefficients that characterize the potential of the financial state, the deviation from the normative and calculated values of which characterizes a certain level of risks of economic entities. The quantitative assessment of risks and the calculation of the comprehensive assessment were carried out according to groups of financial condition criteria - financial stability, liquidity, business activity, and profitability. Deviation from the normative value indicates the risk of disruption of the efficiency and financial stability of the enterprise under the influence of a number of factors of direct and indirect action. Determining the integrated assessment of risks for the researched period made it possible to follow the dynamics, identify the risks of enterprises and draw a conclusion about changes in their comprehensive assessments for all groups of criteria that are in the critical risk zone. The applied methodology allows for the development of measures and reasonable management decisions, which are taken in the short and long term to preserve the financial stability and efficiency of the enterprise. It is important to predict the prevention of risks to financial and economic efficiency and financial condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transformations in Business & Economics is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article deals with issues of unfair competition. Practical cases of using unfair advertising are analyzed. It has been proven that unfair competition is any action in competition that contradicts trade and other fair customs in economic activity. The ratio of unfair and fair competition is considered. Thus, unfair competition is a violation of the norms of various legislation, rules and customs of conducting business, trade relations, economic activity, entrepreneurship, etc. In turn, fair competition provides the most comfortable and favorable conditions for the business entity's work. In modern business, not all entrepreneurs work honestly, using different methods. A comparative analysis of unfair competition and unfair advertising as advertising that misleads or may mislead consumers of advertising, cause harm to individuals, the state or society due to inaccuracy, unreliability, ambiguity, exaggeration, silence, violation of requirements regarding time, place and method of distribution was carried out; comparative advertising - advertising containing comparisons with other persons and/or goods (activities) of another person, directly or indirectly identifying a competitor or goods or services offered by a competitor. It has been proven that unfair competition can be in the actions of both entrepreneurs and subjects of non-commercial economic activity, budget institutions, etc. By and large, unfair competition is any action that hinders the activities of other economic entities and/or gives an unfair advantage to competitors, which creates obstacles for the activities of other entities; it can be a conspiracy, and «black» PR, and comparative or dishonest advertising. Dissemination of information that may influence a consumer's decision to purchase a particular product or order a service, while such information causes a negative consumer reaction to a specific entity that sells such a product or service, may be unfair competition. Such actions are very likely to cause at least reputational damage to one or several subjects of economic activity. At the same time, such damage, cause-and-effect relationship between actions and damage should be proved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 'Great Recession' of 2008 exposed banks and banking systems as frail economic entities, posing a threat to the real economy and society at large. This context of near economic collapse made clear the societal responsibility of banks to conform to business ethics respectful of both individual and collective interests. We argue that banks are primarily institutions of capitalism that must rely on resilient systems of reasonable values. The paper focuses on three Swiss banks to determine their ethical properties and their social ends. Such a societal dimension that we thrust on banks implies rethinking the responsibility of banks to society and their contributions to the public interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leveraging a reform that assigns central inspectorates to local units in China to oversee industrial land transactions, this study examines the effects of unleashing the local government's influence on land prices using a difference-in-differences design. Our research provides compelling evidence that the reform leads to an additional 50% increase in industrial land prices and significantly enhances the productivity of local industrial firms. The rise in land prices can be attributed to an increase in market-oriented transactions. Additionally, we discover an improvement in the quality of new entrants and a reduction in resource misallocation following the reform. By demonstrating the positive externalities of central supervision on local government intervention in the industrial land market, our findings suggest that, in certain cases, central inspection can mitigate distorting behaviors of the local government in input markets. This, in turn, facilitates the screening of productive entrants and hinders investments by unproductive incumbents, thereby improving the overall productivity of economic entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Gharee for Economics & Administration Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gharee for Economics & Administration Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article summarizes the theoretical foundations of innovation management in the sphere of subsoil use. It is noted that managerial innovations are still fuzzy and insufficiently studied in management theory and practice. As innovative management components emerged, people began to better understand that management is an important integrated factor that affects the expected performance of an economic entity. Without management, the creation and implementation of effective technologies, as well as a reasonable combination of social, informational, accounting, financial, economic and commercial factors are impossible. It is noted that, taking into account the specifics of the sphere of subsoil use, the generalization of approaches to innovation management allowed to identify that the most important is the organizational approach, which enables management to plan its activities, make effective managerial decisions on the basis of innovation. The author’s own definition of «subsoil use» is presented, which should be understood as the economic, managerial activity of State institutions, local governments, business entities, society and its individual groups, households regarding the use of subsoil for their own or commercial needs within the framework of geological exploration, mining, underground works that are not related to the extraction of minerals, protection of subsoil in scientific, geological, cultural, aesthetic, sanitary and hygienic spheres, collection of materials and samples for various purposes of scientific and practical activities. It is determined that innovation management in the sphere of subsoil use is the process of managing significant changes in labor products, means of production, services and other innovative activity, which is one of the main directions of development of social production. It is concluded that innovative management of subsoil use helps to achieve synergistic results in the industry. This includes the achievement of socioeconomic and business values and is important for the development of policies that determine how to effectively implement innovative technologies in the management system of economic entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the origin of the theory of the economy of impressions, identifies related economic theories, which are its preliminary basis for development. It is determined that foreign scientists pay more attention to the research and development of the economy of impressions, while domestic scientists have recently begun to disseminate the provisions of the economy of impressions, believing that they are intended to form an attitude towards an economic entity that produces wares and provides services. Such an attitude, according to most researchers, can be considered as an innovative instrument for competition between manufacturers. Therefore, the aim of the article is to present the results of the theoretical and methodological provisions of the economy of impressions as a certain sufficiently progressive new phenomenon (emergence, process, model) in the field of economic relations. The article provides a logical sequence and interconnection of the theoretical and methodological basis for the formation of the essence and content of the concept of the economy of impressions, which allowed to conclude that it is a complex phenomenon that develops not only on the basis of economic achievements, but also on the basis of managerial, marketing, social, psychological aspects, which should be taken into account in the process of its use and development. It is defined that the impressions of consumers and partners are formed on the basis of trust in certain economic entities, on reputational signals (reputation of the seller’s / manufacturer’s platform) and trusting beliefs, which together significantly increase the cost of products and services and contribute to the development of a certain industry of impressions. The main conclusions of the article are that the development of the economy and evolutionary changes in the models of consumer behavior contributed to the gradual development of the economy of impressions and the strengthening of its influence on improving the efficiency of enterprises. It is noted that the essence of the concept of «economy of impressions» should reflect a complex system of mutual influence of technical-technological, financial-economic, social, psychological, ethical relations between producers and consumers of goods and services at the post-industrial stage of social development. Due to the unification of various industries of impressions, a synergistic effect arises, which contributes to the formation of various types of pleasures, sensations, emotions, the accumulation of individual consumer experience, for which consumers are willing to pay an increased price. The object of research of the economy of impressions is structured, which consists of the processes of improvement: doing business in the context of a new paradigm, innovative development of an industry of impressions, personal experience of consumers and partners, formation and dissemination in society of a complex information and social memory based on attractiveness, brands and reputation of economic entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article is to study the organizational and economic conditions of development and the components of market success of enterprises in the context of digitalization of the economy on the basis of the computed impact of significant attributes on the market success of different types of economic entities (large, medium, small and micro enterprises) in 2010 and 2022 using a multi-attribute model. The authors present the dynamics of changes in the market success of different types of economic entities in 2010–2022 under the influence of significant attributes according to the multi-attribute model. The article analyzes the current state of digital transformation in the context of regions of Ukraine. In 2023, we have a group of regions in which digital transformation has slowed down, namely: Sumy (↓0.356), Zaporizhzhia (↓0.081), Kherson (↓0.184), Donetsk (↓0.11), Odesa (↓0.051), Cherkasy (↓0.044) regions. Digitalization accelerated in Lviv (↑0.092), Volyn (↑0.111), Kyiv (↑0.096), and Khmelnytskyi (↑0.01) regions. Pursuing the goal of digital transformation of business processes in enterprises, there should be no gaps in innovation, as digital technologies are developing much faster than the government and public institutions can define and present policies to regulate digital technologies and use the benefits that technology brings to enterprises, businesses, individuals. The relevance of digitalization of the economy is substantiated. Digital business must become socialized due to flexibility to the needs of the client, quick response to his requests. A modern virtual business must be ready to produce goods and provide not only «today for tomorrow», but also «today for today» services. It is proposed to include the development of a new product and the expansion of the customer base to the effective organizational and economic conditions of business adaptation in the face of modern challenges. For a digital enterprise, expand the line of digital services to retain established customers but provide them with a wider range of digital services. The authors take the position that it is necessary to expand virtual business opportunities, namely the search for new markets through work on digital online platforms with round-the-clock consultations of managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic entities in the public sector, among other enterprises, play a key role in the resumption of export-import activities, as they have significant resources and can ensure the coordination and implementation of strategic measures in crucial sectors of the economy, thus contributing to the rapid recovery and stabilization of the country’s economic development. The aim of the article is to systematize the attributes of features of the development of export-import activities of economic entities in the public sector of the economy. The study examines the key aspects that characterize the export-import activities of economic entities in the public sector of the economy, in particular, the political context, State financial support, legal regulation and regulatory control. Special attention is paid to the strategic nature of the activities of economic entities in the public sector of the economy and their role in the implementation of the State-controlled programs and ensuring national security. The main benefits and financial mechanisms of the State support, which contribute to the effective implementation of export-import operations, have been defined. Further direction of development of this study is envisaged in carrying out an analysis of the efficiency of the State-controlled programs to support export-import activities, assessing the efficiency of foreign economic activity of economic entities in the public sector of the economy and determining the impact of international economic agreements on the development of export-import activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of digital technologies and their active implementation in all spheres of the economy, on the one hand, contribute to increased control over the activities of economic entities, and on the other hand, create new challenges associated with the dynamic development of cybercrime. The purpose of the article is to analyze the global trends in cybercrime in 2016-2023 (by calculating national levels of cybercrime) and to model the mechanisms of combating it in order to form a global, open and safe cyberspace, protect the population from cyber threats and cyber fraud, increase the effectiveness of financial monitoring procedures and control over transactions in cyberspace. The article presents the dominant directions, evolutionary, temporal and spatial patterns of the development of crime in cyberspace, clustering of the countries, and identification of leaders and outsiders in the field of cybercrime (through visualization density maps based on the construction of self-organized Kohonen maps). The results of the calculations confirm a significant increase in the level of cybercrime in the world since 2016 (in particular, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and active digital transformation). A comparative analysis of the indicator across countries made it possible to distinguish those with the highest rates of cybercrime (Slovenia, Iceland, Moldova, Georgia) and those with a significantly higher level of cyber security (Greece, Belgium, France, Germany). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Strategic Universe Journal / Univers Strategic is the property of Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, Institute for Security Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the context of a volatile economy marked by diverse global crises, it becomes imperative to proactively assess the potential insolvency among economic entities. This study focuses on medium-sized companies involved in agricultural and food production within the AP Vojvodina, spanning the time frame from 2018 to 2022. The primary objective is to assess the likelihood of bankruptcy within the observed companies, applying Altman's modified Z score (Z'), Kralicek Quick test and the Springate model. The data utilized for this research are sourced from the financial reports of the observed companies. Based on the performed analysis, it can be concluded that the modified Altman's Z' score and the Springate model in most cases gave identical results on the occurrence of bankruptcy. Using the Kralicek Quick test, the solvency ratings are quite divergent. In the observed period, the possibility of bankruptcy was higher for agricultural companies compared to ones from the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern conditions of globalization and the development of Internet marketing, the task of ensuring competitiveness is complicated, which requires the development of new innovative methodological approaches to the analysis and justification of the applied principles of strategizing the policy of expansion into industry markets, considering the specifics of competition in them and the financial and resource capabilities of enterprises. Problem Statement. Nowadays, there is a high level of need for the application of innovative approaches to the formation of methodological and applied support for the strategic management of the expansion of enterprises into new and existing markets by means of strengthening business competitiveness in conditions of high-intensity competition on the internal and foreign markets of goods and services. The purpose of the paper is the development of a system of innovative strategic management of the policy of expansion of enterprises into new markets, considering the state of competition, financial resource capabilities and potential of enterprises. The research used the following methods: analysis and synthesis to determine the features of managing competitive positions, system-structural, indicative-temporal analysis for the creation of a methodology for the analysis of competitiveness in industry markets, Principal components to determine the weight significance of indicators and components of competitiveness, integral analysis for construction of dynamic series of competitiveness by types of economic activity. Enterprises with different capabilities can adopt any option of competition and achieve success in the market, but only based on innovation and with careful planning and effective implementation of the provisions and tasks of the corresponding strategy. It is definite in the context of weakening of financial capacity, economic entities have the opportunity for innovative development, provided that they function in the market, possessing competitive advantages, accumulating intellectual capital and financial self-sufficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the transformation of the German region of Konigsberg into the Soviet city of Kaliningrad after its capture by the Red Army in 1945. The book explores the challenges faced by Kaliningrad in constructing its identity without a national heritage. It examines the Soviet attempts to reshape the region's topography and symbolism, the impact of the disintegration of the Soviet Union, and the emergence of a regional identity that encompasses the region's exclave status and pre-war German heritage. The article concludes that Kaliningrad is still in a state of flux, struggling with its identity but developing on its own terms. [Extracted from the article]

Socio-economic conditions of functioning of economic entities are determined by changes in the internal and external environment, limited and inaccessible resources, multidirectional requests of participants in economic relations. This leads to the need to introduce tools for more cost-effective and efficient management of activities in the short and long term. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive study of such tools for improving the efficiency of an economic entity as the search, identification, mobilization and implementation of reserves. The author used such scientific methods as analysis, synthesis, comparison, as well as systematic and logical approaches. Based on the analysis, the following results were obtained: the concept of «reserves» is defined as a polysemic term widely used in both economic and other scientific fields; a set of characteristics of reserves is justified in relation to the tools for improving the efficiency of an economic entity. It is also proved that at present reserves should be considered as a means of ensuring the reliability of the system’s functioning, under the condition of a deep and comprehensive study of its activities, highlighting its phenomenological features as the basis of the policy of searching, identifying, and implementing reserves. The continuity of analytical work in the field of improving the efficiency of economic entities of various types is substantiated. The leading role of the works of the professor at the Moscow Financial Institute (in the present century — the Financial University) S.B. Barnholz in the methodological justification and practical implementation of the search, identification and mobilization of reserves is reflected. The possibility of further development of the ideas and experience of the Soviet period during the construction of an economic entity’s performance management system is shown. Approaches to the classification of reserves as socio-economic instruments for improving the quality of the functioning of the economic system are substantiated. The key directions of developing a methodology for searching, identifying and mobilizing reserves are highlighted, for which it is proposed to use a standardization tool. The value of its application to analytical procedures is revealed both to improve the efficiency of the functioning of an economic entity and to improve communication with internal and external stakeholders.

The text is a summary of the 3rd international conference on photography held at the University of Texas at San Antonio's School of Art. The conference focused on the theme of boundaries and borders and how photography has addressed, informed, or undone them. The papers and visual works presented at the conference were organized into six thematic sessions, including Borders and Boundaries, Transcending Boundaries, Curatorial Perspectives, Borders in Flux, Critical Memory, and Transient Ecologies. The conference aimed to explore the role of photography in shaping and challenging boundaries and borders, both geographically and socially. The text also discusses the specific context of the conference, being located near the U.S.-Mexico border, and the historical and political implications of border rule in that region. The conference sought to uncover the imperial workings of borders while also exploring photography's potential to cross divisions and create alternative forms of belonging and knowledge production. [Extracted from the article]

Urban and regional systems often face the difficulty and necessity of structural transitions. These transitions, which can be imposed by external circumstances or initiated by a city itself, include energy transitions, transitions to a circular economy, transitions following a pandemic or natural disaster, or intentional policies meant to "move" an urban economy toward a desired state. However, what does economic structure mean in these cases? Traditional notions of economic structure are ambiguous and simplistic and typically consist of simple distributions, such as number of workers per industry. Yet to better understand, guide, or respond to system transitions, planners must move beyond these nebulous notions toward a theoretically grounded, quantifiable definition of economic structure. A recent trend emerging from the nexus of complexity science and urban science has been to operationalize urban economic structures as networks of interacting economic components. Typically based on colocation patterns of some type of entity, these networks have previously been constructed using economic entities such as products, occupations, or labor skills. Yet different types of entities also exhibit colocation patterns with each other, such as patent technology classes and industries. Here, those cross-entity colocation patterns are used to merge multiple types of entities into a single network representation of urban economies, offering a granularity not possible using a single node type. Occupations, industries, college degrees, and patent technology codes are merged into one multidimensional or multinodal network. As in previous studies, a dense core of highly connected entities emerges in this network. The network locations of individual cities are contrasted, and community detection algorithms are used to identify clusters of highly connected economic entities, showing that the densely connected network core is associated with science, technology, and business-related economic entities. Proximities between individual cities within the network are also measured revealing that many cities that are close to each other in the network are also close to each other in physical space. This framework offers potential applications including the ability to quantify structural change over time in response to a shock or to assess the relative difficulty of future desirable trajectories. More broadly, this framework might be applied to the study of structural change in other complex adaptive systems from human institutions to ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the authors present the specifics of the management of economic entities in the field of agricultural production in the Republic of Serbia. In addition to the goals that all business entities are faced with, which are economic goals that are reflected in the realization of profits for the sake of business security for a long period of time and safe survival in a constantly turbulent environment, and legal goals that oblige first-class entities to operate in accordance with legal regulations, limiting conditions of freedom of management, in the form of respect for high ethical principles, are set before economic entities engaged in agricultural production due to the use of agricultural land that represents a good of general interest and a natural resource. This activity has a significant impact on human health and the environment. The authors used a survey of the owners of 40 agricultural farms and small businesses in the territory of the municipality of Ruma and other stakeholders, first of all buyers of goods of the surveyed economic entities, then extensive literate review and the method of comparative analysis. The results of the research show that for those economic subjects whose business requires the trust of citizens and protection of the environment, respect for high ethical principles in business, could be the tip of the scales that will determine their survival on the market. It has been shown that compliance with the rules of business ethics, in the long term, brings the business entity more profit, so compliance with those rules is becoming more and more universal. That is why agricultural producers follow the ethical principles of responsible business. The role of the Government of the Republic of Serbia could be crucial here with certain types of assistance, which would further improve the sustainable development of agricultural entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to comparing the composition and structure of financial statement forms of private sector entities according to national and international standards. It examines the list of economic entities obliged to submit reports according to IFRS, along with the information that must be disclosed in providing financial statements. The set of financial statements under national and international standards are revised, comparing the provisions of national and international standards regarding the statement of financial position and the statement of comprehensive income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the possibilities of using integration processes as the basis for innovationoriented management in the livestock sector in the post-war period and the advantages of large livestock enterprises, which provide greater opportunities for the use of labor and labor resources, deepening of production specialization, and introduction of resource and energy-saving technologies. It is noted that the motive for the development of integration and inter-farm cooperation is the economic law of the advantage of large-scale production over small-scale production. Integration and inter-economic cooperation in the industry is developing in three main directions: as a factor of ensuring closer ties between economic entities; as a factor of improving organizational forms of management in the industry through the creation of inter-economic organizations and associations; as a factor of improving management on an innovative basis in existing organizational forms of management. It is emphasized that the large-scale implementation of the system of innovation-oriented management in the livestock sector on the basis of integration and inter-farm cooperation is currently associated with certain difficulties: firstly, it is necessary to carry out appropriate training of specialists in the field of modern management; secondly, the change in the mindset of enterprise managers occurs in an evolutionary way over a long period of time. The main advantage of this management system, in our opinion, is the ability to ensure an optimal relationship between individual technological processes in the livestock sector, which leads to an increase in the production of livestock products and food security of the country. In view of this, innovation-oriented production management, as a set of technological processes, biological resources (assets) and employees involved in production, requires additional comprehensive theoretical and practical research, mainly from the standpoint of improving the organizational and economic characteristics of production through the use of innovative approaches to management and production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economics is treated effectively by standard economics. In spatial economics, the interaction between Agglomeration Forces, which attract economic activity to a particular region, and Dispersion Forces, which spread economic activity throughout the surrounding region, determines the geographic distribution of economic activity. Spatial Economic Analysis will provide an understanding of how space (distance) influences economic behavior referring to each type of economic entity. The method used in this research is a quantitative research method. Multivariate analysis is used in analyzing research, involving variables in a number more than or equal to three variables. The method used in this research is a quantitative research method. Multivariate analysis is used in analyzing research, involving variables in a number more than or equal to three variables. Development policies must be tailored to specific regions to encourage local production and innovative networks and make the manufacturing industry more competitive. The populations of most cities in urban agglomerations are still spread out. Although urban populations tend to cluster around a few sub-central urban units, the trend is toward population agglomeration around urban centers. The decline in technological progress and technological efficiency will affect the spatial structure of urban agglomeration and influence economic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary aim of accounting information is to enhance understanding and reduce uncertainties for both internal and external users, enabling them to make well-informed economic decisions. Consequently, when discussing the advantages of accounting information, the focus lies on the specific qualitative attributes it should possess, alongside the effectiveness of the accounting information system's design. This study delved into the connection between internal auditors and the traits of accounting information, aiming to ascertain how internal auditors relate to accounting information and how these attributes influence their role. The study illuminated the significance of this subject and outlined its motivations. Several key findings emerged from the research, including identifying factors that impact the relationship between internal auditors and the characteristics of accounting information, such as quality, reliability, accuracy, and positivity. Moreover, the study revealed that the presence of internal auditors positively impacts the attributes of accounting information, enhancing its quality, reliability, and accuracy. The results were meticulously analyzed and compared with prior research, elucidating various concepts and impacts of the relationship between internal auditors and accounting information characteristics. Additionally, the study pinpointed future research avenues pertaining to the internal auditor's influence on accounting information characteristics. Various recommendations and contributions were put forth, including elevating the role of internal auditors in enhancing the quality, reliability, and accuracy of accounting information, refining company accounting procedures and internal controls. Employing a scientific methodology, data were gathered from literature and previous studies, then analyzed using a critical approach. The research concluded that the relationship between internal auditors and accounting information characteristics is intricately linked, with these attributes bolstering internal auditors' effectiveness in fulfilling their duties and improving organizational accounting performance. Among the pivotal insights and recommendations drawn from the research is the imperative to prioritize the quality improvement of accounting information and to refine internal auditing methods to fortify its role within economic entities. Ultimately, this research represents a significant contribution to understanding the relationship between internal auditors and accounting information characteristics, with potential applications in refining accounting practices and internal auditing within organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Central Asian Economic Review is the property of Narxoz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitatis George Bacovia. Juridica is the property of George Bacovia University, Faculty of Sciences Economics, Juridical & Administrative and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)