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The article examines characteristics of digitalization in the Russian economy in its connection with the semi-peripheral position of Russia. The reasons for the lack of efficiency of Russian digitalization and its uneven development in various economy sectors are explained. According to the authors, the root causes of this state of affairs can be seen even in the patterns of the degeneration and disintegration of the Soviet Union, when the features of rent-seeking behavior of the ruling elite were first identified. The article presents the results of a study into the needs for information resources in the sectors of the Russian economy (in comparison with the group of reference countries), which reflect the decline in those in industry and, on the contrary, the concentration in the research and development sector. The authors believe that these data confirm the conclusion about the selective and generally insufficient character of digitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the ability of Russia to transition from fossil fuel to clean energy. Topics discussed include the major role of fossil energy in the Russian economy, the failure of the 2009 Energy Strategy to achieve its goal of renewable energy covering 14 percent of total demand by 2030, and the promotion of Russia's destiny as an energy superpower by the hydrocarbon industry with support from President Vladimir Putin.

Transport is one of the most important sectors of the Russian economy, meeting the needs of the population and satisfying the country's economic interests in the carriage of passengers, baggage and cargo. It is also called the country's "circulatory system", which emphasizes its vital role in ensuring the political and administrative integrity and security of state within the normal functioning of a complex economy. This article aims at studying the specific legal regulation of transport relations, determining the effective application of civil contractual relations and improving the relevant laws to ensure proper transport services based on the analysis of the current legislation, litigation practice and scientific views. However, the Russian legal system does not provide a clear concept and meaning of "a contract of carriage" but many legislative acts regulate public relations in the transportation of goods, passengers and baggage. In particular, there are the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and different transport laws that define transportation as a very complex and multifaceted process associated with the use of various vehicles, distance, objects of transportation, compliance with speed limits, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that Russia began expressing more interest in Africa under President Vladimir Putin's leadership in the 2000s and activities remain limited in comparison to the longstanding presence of the U.S. and European Union. It mentions Russia's deals are opaque and often buttressed by political and security support for individual autocrats, undercutting the possibility for democratic consolidation in states where government institutions are fragile or dysfunctional. It also mentions Putin has succeeded in diversifying the Russian economy somewhat and in creating a cushion for market shocks.

The article actualizes the problem on transition of the Russian economy to the path of technological development that can provide a fundamentally different quality of economic growth. The state innovation policy is uncovered from the standpoint of stimulation of advanced development of essentially new hi-tech economy sectors and markets, carrying out deep technological modernization of traditional industry branches and productions. The management quality of digital transformation of business is considered as a reasonable necessity in the conditions of large-scale and deep technification of society. The article reveals contemporary concepts and peculiarities of the Russia's approach to the implementation of technological breakthrough, as well as provides description of the program documents at the national and regional levels targeted on the development of the digital economy. The authors outline the range of tasks in the field of digital transformation, specifying the timing of their implementation and expected results, as well as offer the model of digital maturity of business and present the evidence of existing interrelations between corporate financial indicators of the company and the level of its digital maturity. The conclusion is made about the necessity and inevitability of Russia's transition to a new development model, which will be found on knowledge-based and innovation-driven high-tech industries. It is emphasized that the digital transformation should become a national idea, the practical embodiment of which in each national company and the entire Russian economy will allow rapidly transiting to the correct path of sustainable development and restoring technological leadership in the global space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the reactions of two emerging stock markets—Indian and Russian—to the dividend announcements of traded companies. To ensure a comparable macroeconomic environment for market players, we focus on a period of sustainable economic growth in both of the economies. The period 2010-2012 is selected for analysis since this is when both of the economies experienced growth in the aftermath of the global financial and economic crisis. The sample includes Indian and Russian companies actively traded on the national stock exchanges and that regularly paid dividends on common shares during the study period. An event study methodology was used to show that in contrast with the Indian market, the behavior of the Russian market partly contradicts the dividend signaling theory predictions. Specifically, in the Russian market, investors, on average, reacted negatively to announcements of increased, as well as decreased dividends. The article discusses the possible reasons for the revealed specifics in the market reaction in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geographical structure of associated gas production in Russian regions is considered. It is shown that the main volume of its production in Russia corresponds to Western Siberia, and the largest federal subject of Russia while the largest subject of the Russian Federation for the production of associated petroleum gas is Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra is heads the list among the federal subjects of Russia in the output of associated petroleum gas. It is found that the main increase in associated gas production in Russia is due to the implementation of large mining projects in the east of the country and in the north of Western Siberia. We examine the major directions of rational use of associated petroleum gas: processing at the gas processing plant; cycling process, and energy (gas combustion in power plants for the production of electricity and heat). It is shown that the level of rational use over the past five years has increased by 10.4%, which is due to the introduction of a system of penalties for excess gas combustion (more than 5%). The aspects related to the need for integrated development of hydrocarbons produced and for rational use of associated petroleum gas in particular are analyzed. Some promising directions and conditions for improving the level of effective utilization of associated petroleum gas for the regions of Russia with due regard for are investigated. It is shown that in the absence of economic incentives for business, the State should play a significant role in improving the efficiency of natural resources and, more specifically, the promotion of the use of new advanced technologies and instruments of state regulation, including public-private partnership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on nuclear weapons in Russia, with reference to its economic crisis. Impact of the Russian economic crisis on the ten cities in Russia, known as `nuclear cities' that depend of the construction of nuclear weapons; Details on the separation of the Soviet Union; Information on the nuclear facilities within the ten nuclear cities in Russia; Relationship between the United States and Russia.

Russia's business leaders and employees find themselves in a new environment of competition, efficiency, and innovation, without the training and skills to adjust to these new realities. A field study investigated the business education needs in Russia. Four focus group sessions were conducted and interviews were held with 68 individuals. Distinct attitudes held by Russians toward business learning were national pride, anger with the seeming disrespect of outsiders for indigenous accomplishments, and a fear of the unknown, coupled with suspicion toward new practices. There was concern about the lack of relevance of the education offered, and about the linkage between knowledge, learning, and actual change, and the longevity of such change. A rank order of business education priorities identified issues requiring learning and areas in need of behavioral change. Marketing, strategic planning, international business, and business law were the four key learning issues while problem solving, decision making, customer orientation, team building and communications abilities were rated highest in terms of the need for behavioral change. Overall, many similarities between Russian and Western managers were found. However, Russian managers approach problems in a different fashion, need to be taught in different ways, and have different expectations of learning content. In order to be accepted and useful, business education efforts must consider the specifics of the Russian situation and focus both on the teaching of knowledge and skills as well as on the change of attitudes and behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports the results of a cross-sectional data collection in four Russian cities. The objective of the research is to ascertain whether, during the evolution of marketing in a transition to a free market, firms exhibit similar behaviors observed in well-established free-market economies. Structured interviews were conducted with 200 owner/managers of Russian firms. Structural equation modeling was used to test whether environmental turbulence results in a change in marketing orientation, ensuing use of marketing strategies, and improved firm performance. Although the model generally followed Western trends, there were important differences in the effectiveness of pricing and promotional strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic liberalization is underway in many countries that had previously been relatively closed to outside commercial relations. This includes former East Bloc nations and LDCs that had long attempted to protect their inefficient industries from foreign competition. Perhaps the most spectacular example of this trend is the former Soviet Union. This article reports a study of the changes that occurred in the former Soviet Union's trade relations with noncommunist countries in the critical period during which trade 'openness' was being established. The results provide insights that may be useful to exporters in their assessment of market opportunities in countries undergoing the difficult transition to a market economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the conditions of limited financial resources, tough competition and social transformation of society, the development of an innovative economic system in the Russian Federation (RF) is subject to the destructive impact of non-economic factors. In view of this, the issue of identifying social inertia as a deterrent to innovative transformations in the economy is of increasing significance. The purpose of the article is to evaluate and analyze the force and factors of social inertia on the part of the population regarding regional economy modernization in Russia. As part of study, the essence of the sociological category of "social inertia" was clarified. By means of a sociological survey of residents of the Russian regions, the quantitative value of integral indices of the power of social inertia towards innovative transformations in the national economy is determined. The levels of the force of social inertia have been developed and substantiated. Time lags of social actors' lability for each of the regions are calculated. Classification of Russia's regions according to the level of inertia and temporal lag is performed. The regional features of the presence of social inertia towards the modernization of economic processes are grounded. Factors of the development of social inertia in the Russian economy are argued. A set of practical recommendations was developed on the reduction of the level of social inertia in regions in order to reach an adequate consensus between social actors and the management system within the framework of the development of the innovative economic system. This approach contributes to the establishment of a balance between the urge for profits and the social responsibility of business as the basis for boosting innovation and the formation of an appropriate social environment for its development in Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this work is to study the features of advanced technologies and development strategies of the fuel and energy complex (FEC) on the example of contemporary Russia and elaborate an innovative strategy for the development of the fuel and energy sector that will open up its potential and promote sustainable growth and global competitiveness of the Russian economic system in the long term perspective. To determine the role of the FEC in the economy of modern Russia and the dynamics of its development, this work uses the method of system, structural, functional, trend and correlation analysis, with which the authors identify the relationship between the country's gross domestic product (GDP) and the level of business, labor and innovation activity in the FEC of Russia in 2012-2016. In this paper, the study of the features of advanced technologies and strategies for the development of the fuel and energy complex is carried out using the SWOT-analysis method. As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that the potential for the development of the FEC in modern Russia is not fully realized. Imperfection of the applied technologies and strategies hinders the acceleration of the growth rate of the economy as a whole. The authors propose an innovative long-term strategy for the development of the FEC in contemporary Russia that allows maintaining its global competitiveness and sustainability, and ensuring its independence from fluctuations on the global markets. Toughening of the state regulation of the FEC, for which practical recommendations have been proposed, is seen to be instrumental for implementing this strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is the scientific substantiation of the need to implement economic incentives for creating high-performance jobs as the basis for ensuring a globally-oriented development of the economy of modern Russia and elaborating framework practice-oriented recommendations for this. To do this, the authors use methods of the regression and correlation analysis and compile regression curves that reflect the dependence of the indicators of the globally-oriented development of the Russian economy on labor productivity. The information and analytical basis of the research includes materials of OECD, KOF Swiss Economic Institute, World Economic Forum and World Bank reports for 1995-2016. As a result, the authors justified that high labor productivity underlies the global-oriented development of the economy. The authors' model of economic incentives for creating high-performance jobs in the interests of ensuring a globally-oriented development of the economy of modern Russia offers framework recommendations that include measures of regulatory, taxation and marketing incentives for Russian enterprises to create highperformance jobs. The implementation of this model contributes to an increase in the scale and expansion of the spheres of globalization of the Russian economy, to the increase and achievement of the stability of the global competitiveness of the economy, to an increase in the volume of foreign direct investment in the Russian economy, and to the growth of a positive balance of foreign trade in goods and services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this work is to study the implications of the digitalization of the Russian economy for human capital, and to develop recommendations for improving the management of human capital in order to accelerate the pace of building a digital economy in contemporary Russia. For this, methods of the regression and correlation analysis based on the statistics of IMD World Competitiveness Center, the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, the World Bank, UNDP, OECD and the International Monetary Fund for 2013-2017 are used. As a result, the conclusion is drawn that the consequences of the digitalization of the Russian economy for human capital are ambiguous. On the one hand, in the interests of building a digital economy, the state increases expenditures for the development of human capital (expenditures on social policy, on education and on R & D). On the other hand, the misuse of these funds leads to a slight increase in the effectiveness of the use of human capital and does not allow achieving a high rate of digitalization of the Russian economy. To solve this problem, authors' recommendations aimed at targeted (digital) spending of funds for the development of human capital and standardization of the use of digital technologies are proposed. Their practical implementation will allow overcoming the revealed contradiction and guaranteeing the positive impact of the process of digitalization of the Russian economy on human capital related to improving the efficiency of its management by reducing the need for public funding and increasing the effectiveness of the use of human capital. A model for accelerating the pace of building a digital economy in contemporary Russia on the basis of improving the efficiency of human capital management is elaborated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores controversial opinions on the operation of offshore business, problems caused by redistribution of entrepreneurial resources, as well as the flight of capital from the national economy. The latter determined the authors' interest in this economic phenomenon. Substantiating the relevance of the topic, the following should be considered. To develop market relations, to transform the structure of the ownership and to change the management system, it is necessary to devise and apply new methods and approaches to offshore business. This manuscript aims to identify the specifics of the business functioning in the offshore zone regarding the Russian economy. The methodology includes general scientific and special research methods, in particular, the correlation method. The authors applied system analysis to ensure the integrity of the study. Theoretical, comparative and statistical analyses are the main methods used in the article. The authors built an econometric model and proved the influence of offshore business on the Russian economy. The relevance, theoretical and practical significance are determined by its focus on solving an important scientific and practical problem that has empirical significance for offshore business in the framework of the national investment regime which uses limited investments and aims to optimize their sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Russia, the grain market is the foundation of the entire food market. Although grain production is a major part of the Russian economy, it faces several challenges associated with weather conditions, labor quality, low wages, the feeding of livestock, and the depreciation of fixed assets. In light of these factors, grain production can be developed with the aid of government regulation, expansion of interindustry cooperation, the implementation of competitive strategies, and investment in technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]