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As is known, peptic ulcer is a common name used for stomach and duodenum ulcers. Incidence of peptic ulcer is 11-14% in male and 8-11% in female. However, stomach ulcers are seen equally in male and female [1]. Research has shown that 89-95% of peptic ulcers are associated with Helicobacter pylori and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) usage [2]. Serious gastrointestinal complications have been clinically reported in 1-4% of patients taking NSAIDs [3]. The factors leading to peptic ulcer cause disruption of the permeability of stomach mucosa and the intracellular calcium accumulation [4]. Studies show that calcium stimulates gastric mucosal oxyntic cells and gastric acid secretion in in-vivo conditions [5]. It also known that intracellular calcium dysregulation is related with reactive oxygen species [6]., Peptic ulcer has been reported to increase acid secretion and lead to oxidative stress. Benidipine is an antihypertensive drug with antioxidant properties. This study aims to investigate the effects of benidipine on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Four groups were designed in this study. Gastric ulcer was occurred with indomethacin in the first three groups. These groups were treated with famotidine, benidipine and distilled water respectively 5 minutes before indomethacin administration. The fourth group rats didn’t have gastric ulcer and they received only distilled water. Six hours after drug administration gastric tissue was extracted and macroscopic and biochemical examinations were performed. Damaged areas in the stomach of benidipine and famotidine receiving animal groups were smaller than the indomethacin received animals. Indomethacin elevated the levels of malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase in the stomach tissue (p

Schizophrenia, particularly the form related to excessive dopamine (DA), is a chronic psychotic disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. Renalase metabolizes its catecholamine (CA) substrates, including DA, suggesting that there might be an association between renalase levels and schizophrenia occurrence. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the renalase and CA levels in the serum of patients with schizophrenia.The study was conducted with thirty-three schizophrenia patients and an age- and gender-matched group of thirty-one controls. Renalase and CA levels were measured by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Renalase levels were significantly lower in the schizophrenia patients than in the control group (The high DA levels in patients with schizophrenia might be due to low renalase levels. Renalase enzyme levels may play a substantial role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Thus, this enzyme might be a new future target for the treatment and diagnosis of schizophrenia after intrabrain renalase and DA dynamics have been further evaluated.Shizofrenija, posebno oblik sa povećanim dopaminom (DA) je hronični psihijatrijski poremećaj od koga boluju milioni ljudi širom sveta. Relanaza metaboliše supstrate kateholamine (CA), uključujući DA, što ukazuje da može da postoji veza između nivoa relanaze i pojave shizofrenije. Shodno ovome, ovo izučavanje je imalo za cilj da proceni nivoe relanaze i CA u serumu pacijenata sa shizofrenijom.Izučavanje je obuhvatilo trideset tri pacijenta sa shizofrenijom i trideset jednu osobu iste starosti i pola kao kontrolnu grupu. Nivoi renalaze i CA mereni su primenom ELISA metode.Nivoi renalaze bili su značajno niži kod pacijenaza sa shizofrenijom nego u kontrolnoj grupi (p0,05), dok su nivoi DA bili značajno viši (p0,05). Nivoi epinefrina (Epi) u obe grupe bili su manji (p=0,186), dok su nivoi norepinfrina u pacijenata sa shizofrenijom bili značajno niži nego u kontrolnoj grupi (p0,05). Površina ispod krive za renelaze-dopamin i renelaze-epinefrin odnose bili su 0,805, 95% konfidens interval CI: 0,594–0,859 (p=0,032); i 0,656, 95% CI: 0,520–0,791 (p=002).Visoki nivoi DA u pacijenata sa shizofrenijom mogu biti usled niskih nivoa renalaze. Nivoi renalaze enzima mogu imati značajnu ulogu u patofiziologiji shizofrenije. To znači da ovaj enzima može imati značajnu ulogu u tretmanu i dijagnostikovanju shizofrenije te ona treba dalje da bude izučavana kao i dinamika DA.

Introduction and aim Cardiovascular diseases remain the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), visceral fat depot of the heart, was found to be associated with coronary artery disease in cardiac and non-cardiac patients. Increased visceral adiposity is associated with proinflammatory activity, impaired insulin sensitivity, increased risk of atherosclerosis and high mortality. In the present study we aimed to investigate the relationship between EAT and visceral adiposity index (VAI) in patients with diabetes. Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 128 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (73 females, 55 males; mean age, 54.09+±+9.17 years) and 32 control subjects (23 females, 9 males; mean age, 50.09+±+7.81 years). EAT was measured by using a trans-thoracic echocardiograph. Parameters such as waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), triglyceride and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were used to calculate VAI. Result EAT and VAI measurements were significantly higher in patients with diabetes when compared to control subjects. In the bivariate correlation analysis, VAI was positively correlated with uric acid level (r=0.214, p=0.015), white blood cell count (r= 0.262, p=0.003), platelet count (r=0.223, p=0.011) and total cholesterol levels (r= 0.363, p Conclusion Simple calculation of VAI was found to be associated with increased EAT in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus is a common disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, with onset or first recognition during pregnancy, resulting in hyperglycemia of variable severity. Insulin resistance and chronic subclinical inflammation are the underlying mechanisms of the disease. Soluble interleukin-2 receptor, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio are the markers of inflammatory disease processes such as type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, hepatitis, and neoplasms.Study Design: In our study, we measured complete blood count, serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor, serum glucose in blood samples from 52 women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 50 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance. Pregnant women which were tested for oral glucose tolerance test (75 gr load) between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy were selected for the study. Gestational diabetes mellitus was defined according to the criteria provided by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.Results: In terms of age, gestational diabetes mellitus patients (mean±SD; 31±6 years) were older than controls (mean±SD; 25±5.3 years). Mean platelet volume values were lower in gestational diabetes mellitus patients (mean±SD; 10.3±1.4 fL) as compared to normal glucose tolerance group (mean±SD; 10.8±1fL). No statistically significant differences in serum glucose concentration, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, platelet count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio value, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio value, and serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor concentration were found.Conclusion: This study did not reveal an increase in the inflammatory markers, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor, in gestational diabetes mellitus. The mean platelet volume values were observed to be lower in gestational diabetes mellitus patients.

Fruktoz meyve ve sebzelerde doğal halde bulunan, son yıllarda şeker ve eklenmiş şeker tüketimiyle tüketimi artan bir monosakkarittir. Fruktoz glukoza göre düşük glisemik indeks ve yüksek tatlılık gibi avantajlarıyla besin endüstrisinde ve sağlık sektöründe tercih edilir hale gelmiştir. Fakat yapılan çalışmalarda fruktozun glukoza göre daha düşük insülin, leptin, girelin ve enteroendokrin hormon cevabı oluşturduğu ve glukozdan farklı bir şekilde metabolize olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Fruktoz metabolizmada glikoliz yolunun kontrol noktası olan fosfofruktokinaz enzimini baypas etmektedir. Bu baypas yeteneği glikolizin enerji ihtiyacından bağımsız ilerlemesine, aşırı ATP tüketimine bağlı ürik asit birikimine ve yağ asidi öncülü olan koenzim (Co) A’ nın kontrolsüz üretimine neden olmaktadır. Bu metabolizma farklılığı da obezite, diyabet, nonalkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalığı(NAYKH), dislipidemi hipertansiyon gibi metabolik hastalıklarla ilişkilendirilmektedir. Yüksek fruktozlu mısır şurubunun(YFMŞ) da sükroza ve doğal kaynaklarına oranla daha fazla miktarda fruktoz içermesi, modifiye bir şeker olması daha büyük ölçüde metabolik değişikliklere ve hasara yol açmaktadır. Bu derlemede fruktoz metabolizmasıyla ilgili güncel yaklaşımlar, fruktozun glukoz metabolizması ile farklılıkları ve YFMŞ’ nin insan sağlığına etkileri değerlendirilmiştir., Fructose is a monosaccharide that found in fruits and vegetables. Its consumption has increased considerably with consumption of sugar and added sugar in recent years. Fructose is preferred in the food industry and health sector with its advantages such as low glycemic index and high sweetness compared to glucose. However, studies have shown that fructose produces lower insulin, leptin, ghrelin and enteroendocrine hormone responses than glucose and is metabolized differently than glucose. Fructose bypasses the phosphofructokinase enzyme that is control point of the glycolysis pathway in metabolism. This bypass capability leads to an independent progression of glycolysis from energy requirements, accumulation of uric acid due to excessive consumption of ATP, and uncontrolled production of the fatty acid precursor coenzyme (Co) A. This difference in metabolism is associated with diseases such as obesity, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), dyslipidemia and hypertension. The high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) contains more fructose than sucrose and natural sources, and is a modified sugar, leading to greater metabolic changes and damage. In this review, current approaches on fructose metabolism, differences between fructose and glucose metabolism and effects of HFCS on human health were evaluated.

Nonalkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalığı (NAYKH), obezite ve Tip 2 diyabetes mellitus hastalarında daha yüksek oranda olmakla beraber sağlıklı kişilerde de görülebilen, metabolik sendromun hepatik görünümü olarak kabul edilen bir hastalıktır. Hastalığın patojenezi ile ilgili hala bir netlik yoktur ve günümüzde çalışmalar enerji homeostazında etkili yeni hormonlar üzerinde durmaktadır. Adropin karaciğer ve beyinde eksprese edilen enerji homeostazıyla ilişkili genler tarafından kodlanan bir hepatokindir. İrisin ise özellikle iskelet kasında egzersize yanıt olarak salınan bir miyokindir. Bu çalışmada NAYKH olan preobez ve obez erişkinlerde serum adropin ve irisin düzeylerinin hepatosteatoz ile ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. Yöntem: Toplamda 89 birey şu şekilde dört gruba ayrıldı: Grup 1; Sağlıklı ve normal kilolu bireyler (n= 25) ( Beden kütle indeksi=18. 5- 24. 9), Grup 2; NAYKH olmayan preobez (BKİ= 25- 29. 9) ve obez (BKİ ≥ 30) bireyler (n= 17), Grup 3; hafif hepatosteatozu olan NAYKH’ li preobez ve obez bireyler (n= 24), Grup 4; orta-şiddetli hepatosteatozu olan NAYKH’ li preobez ve obez bireyler (n= 23). Tüm bireylerin demografik bilgileri kaydedilerek abdominal ultrasanografisi ve antropometrik ölçümleri yapıldı. Serum adropin ve irisin düzeyleri ELİZA metoduyla çalışıldı. Bulgular: Serum adropin ve irisin düzeyleri NAYKH olan Grup 3 ve 4’ de sağlıklı bireylerden oluşan Grup 1’ den daha düşük bulundu ( sırasıyla p= 0,006, p=0,001). Fakat adropin ve irisin düzeyleri NAYKH olan Grup 3 ve 4 arasında benzerdi. Adropin ve irisinin obezitenin gelişiminde, NAYKH’ nin gelişimi ve ilerlemesinde koruyucu etkisi olduğu görüldü. Sonuç: Adropin ve irisin düzeylerinde azalma, preobez ve obez bireylerde hastalığın şiddetinden bağımsız olarak NAYKH gelişiminde rol oynayabilir. Fakat bu azalma hastalığın şiddeti ile ilişkili değildir.

Objective: To determine whether there is a relationship between the degree of differentiation of the tumor in patients with gastric carcinoma and Helicobacter pylori in the normal mucosa adjacent to the tumor. Materials and Methods: 104 gastrectomy materials with carcinoma operated due to cancer at Istanbul Haseki Education and Research Hospital were examined retrospectively. Gastrectomy materials were fixed with 10% formalin. The paraffin blocks were prepared from tissue samples. 4 microns thick sections were taken from the blocks. The relationship between the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the mucosa adjacent to tumor and the degree of differentiation of gastric carcinoma was investigated. Descriptive summary statistics were obtained for all independent and outcome variables. Statistically significant p value was accepted to be less than 0.05. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software (IBM SPSS Statistic for Windows, Version 20.0; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results: Of the 104 carcinoma cases in the stomach, 5 were well-differentiated (4.8%), 20 were moderately differentiated (19.2%), 55 were low differentiated (52.9%), and 24 were undifferentiated (23.1%). Helicobacter pylori was found in 47 (45%) of 104 cases. Helicobacter pylori was observed in 4 (4.8% ) of 5 well-differentiated carcinoma, in 13 (65%) of 20 moderately differentiated carcinomas, in 25 (45.4%) of 55 low-differentiated carcinomas, and in 5 of 24 undifferentiated carcinomas. Conclusion: In parallel with the decrease in tumor differentiation in gastric carcinoma, the presence of Helicobacter pylori in normal mucosa adjacent to the tumor was decreased. Statistically significant difference was found (p

Ischemia is defined as insufficient oxygen supply to the tissues as a result of a decrease or complete cut-off of the blood flow or a complete lack of oxygen in the tissues. Hypoxanthine, an adenosine triphosphate metabolism product, is converted into xanthine and uric acid by xanthine dehydrogenase in an aerobic environment and no toxic oxygen radicals are formed in this process. In ischemic tissues where xanthine dehydrogenase is converted to xanthine oxidase, molecular oxygen is used in the anaerobic metabolism of hypoxanthine and reactive oxygen species are produced as intermediates. However, because the molecular oxygen required for this reaction is not sufficiently present in ischemic tissues, hypoxanthine cannot be metabolized until toxic reperfusion is achieved and no toxic intermediates are formed. Providing abundant reoxygenation to ischemic tissue by reperfusion results in the conversion of accumulated hypoxanthine to xanthine using oxygen by xanthine oxidase and the formation of over-reactive oxygen species. These products, known as reperfusion mediators, cause oxidative damage in the tissue via oxidizing cell membrane lipids and reacting with DNA. Another molecular mechanism of ischemia-reperfusion injury is the activation of phospholipase A2 due to increased intracellular calcium during ischemia. Phospholipase A2 activates cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme in tissue ischemia-reperfusion; therefore it increases arachidonic acid production from membrane phospholipids and enables the release of proinflammatory prostoglandins and free oxygen radicals from arachidonic acid. As a result, ischemia-reperfusion injury is a complex pathological process that begins with the lack of oxygen in the tissue and continues with the production of free oxygen radicals and expands to the inflammatory response. Kan akımının azalması veya tamamen kesilmesi sonucu dokulara yeterli oksijen sunulamaması veya dokuların tamamen oksijensiz kalması iskemi olarak adlandırılır. Adenozin trifosfat metabolizma ürünü olan hipoksantin aerobik ortamda ksantin dehidrogenaz tarafından ksantin ve ürik asite dönüştürülür ve bu süreçte toksik oksijen radikalleri oluşmaz. İskemili dokularda ise ksantin dehidrogenaz ksantin oksidaza dönüşür, hipoksantinin ksantin oksidaz ile metabolizmasında moleküler oksijen kullanılır ve ara ürün olarak reaktif oksijen türleri üretilir. Ancak iskemili dokularda bu reaksiyon için gereken moleküler oksijen yeterince bulunmadığı için hipoksantin reperfüzyon sağlanana kadar metabolize edilmez ve toksik ara ürünler oluşmaz. Reperfüzyon işlemi ile iskemili dokuya bol miktarda reoksijenizasyonun sağlanması, ksantin oksidazın oksijeni kullanarak biriken hipoksantini ksantine dönüştürürmesi ve aşırı reaktif oksijen türlerinin oluşmasıyla sonuçlanır. Reperfüzyon mediatörleri olarak bilinen bu ürünler hücre membran lipidlerini oksidayona uğratarak ve DNA ile tepkimeye girerek dokuda oksidatif hasara yol açarlar. İskemi-reperfüzyon hasarının bir başka moleküler mekanizması, iskemi döneminde artan intrasellüler kalsiyuma bağlı fosfolipaz A2’ nin aktive olmasıdır. Fosfolipaz A2 doku iskemi-reperfüzyonunda siklooksijenaz-2 enzimini aktive ederek membran fosfolipidlerinden araşidonik asid üretimini artırır ve araşidonik asitten proinflamatuar prostoglandinler ve serbest oksijen radikallerinin açığa çıkmasını sağlar. Sonuç olarak; iskemi-reperfüzyon hasarı, dokunun oksijensiz kalması ile başlayıp serbest oksijen radikallerinin üretimi ile devam eden ve inflamatuar yanıtla genişleyen karmaşık patolojik bir süreçtir.

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the incidence of retinal vascular disease among patients applied to the ophthalmology outpatient clinic. Material and Method: The data of 682 patients who detected retinal vascular disorder were referred to the outpatient clinic of the Ophthalmology Unit of Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University between September 2018 and September 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Of the 682 patients included in the study, 395 (57.9%) were male and 287 (42.1%) were female. Of the 195 patients with retinal vascular disease requiring treatment, 149 (76.4%) had diabetic retinopathy, 28 (14.4%) had branch retinal vein occlusion, and 8 (4.1%) had central retinal vein occlusion. In patients with diabetic retinopathy, the rate of patients requiring treatment was significantly lower than patients with retinal vein branch and central retinal vein occlusion at the time of diagnosis. Conclusion: Retinal vascular diseases can be treated with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment without causing serious visual loss. Amaç: Bu retrospektif çalışmada göz hastalıkları polikliniğine başvuran hastalar arasındaki retinal vasküler hastalık sıklığının saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Eylül 2018- Eylül 2019 tarihleri arasında T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi Mengücek Gazi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi göz hastalıkları polikliniğine başvuran 682 retinal vasküler bozukluk saptanan hastanın verileri incelendi. Bulgular: Çalışmada yer alan 682 hastanın 395 (57,9%)’i erkek, 287 (42,1%)’si kadındı. Tedavi gerektiren retinal vasküler hastalığa sahip 195 olgunun, 149 (76,4%) ‘unda diyabetik retinopati, 28 (14,4%)’inde retinal ven dal tıkanıklığı, 8 (4,1%)’inde santral retinal ven (ven kök) tıkanıklığı mevcuttu. Diyabetik retinopatili hastalarda tanı anında tedavi gereken hasta oranı retinal ven dal ve santral retinal ven tıkanıklığı mevcut olan hastalara göre anlamlı olarak düşüktü (p

Rhinoliths are irregular surface and calcified stones formed by precipitation of minerals around an exogenous and endogenous nidus. The etiopathogenesis of rhinolites is not fully known. It often develops because an endogenous and exogenous source is located in the nose and calcified after contact with chemical components in the nasal secretions. Rarely, it does not cause any complaints and is diagnosed in routine examination. Rigid nasal endoscopy and computed tomography are the most important diagnostic methods. Treatment is removal of the rhinolite from the nose. In this case, a 39-year-old female patient presented with nasal obstruction and malodorous runny nose was discussed. Rinolitler, eksojen ve endojen kaynaklı bir nidus etrafında minerallerin çökmesiyle oluşan, düzensiz yüzeyli ve kalsifiye taşlardır. Rinolitlerin etyopatogenezi tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Sıklıkla endojen ve ekzojen kaynaklı bir cismin buruna yerleşmesi ve bu cismin burun sekresyonlarındaki kimyasal bileşenlerle teması sonrası kalsifiye olması nedeniyle gelişmektedir. Nadiren şikayet oluşturmaz ve rutin muayenede tanı konur. Rijit nazal endoskopi ve bilgisayarlı tomografi tanıda kullanılan en önemli metotlardır. Tedavi rinolitin burundan çıkarılmasıdır. Bu olgumuzda burun tıkanıklığı ve kötü kokulu burun akıntısı şikayeti ile başvuran 39 yaşında kadın hasta tartışıldı.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of cerumen in patients presenting to our clinic and some clinical and demographic characteristics of these cases. Materials and Methods: A total of 225 patients (120 male and 105 female between the ages of 18-75 years) who were admitted to Erzincan Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic with a complaint of occlusion in the period between January 1, 2018 and January 01, 2019 were included in the study. Results: The ages of our cases ranged from 18 to 75 years, with a mean age of 45,6 years. In the otoscopic examination of 225 cases, 117 (52%) patients were found to be unilateral and 108 (48%) were bilateral. In 62 (52.9%) of the patients with unilateral cerumen, on the right side and in 55 (47.1%), cerumenaccumulation on the left side was evaluated. 15 (14.2%) of females and 12 (10%) of males applied to health centers more than once time with the complaint of blockage in their ears within the last year. Conclusion: As in our country, in our province, the cerumen is an important public problem. In ou rcountry and in our province, the prevalence and incidence studies about the cerumen is thought to be inadequate in the population, the socio-demographic and socio-cultural characteristics of the population, the place where they live and their profession and the need to study the need for studies. Amaç: Kliniğimize başvuran hastalardaki buşon sıklığını, buşon olgularının bazı klinik ve demografik özelliklerini tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem ve Gereçler: 01 Ocak 2018-01 Ocak 2019 tarihleri arasındaki süre içerinde Erzincan Mengücek Gazi Eğitim Ve Araştırma Hastanesi Kulak Burun Boğaz Polikliniğe kulakta tıkanma şikayeti ile başvuran 18-75 yaş arası 120 erkek ve 105 kadın, toplam 225 hasta çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Bulgular: Olgularımızın yaşları 18 ile 75 arasında değişmekte olup ortalama yaş 45,6’tür. 225 olgunun otoskopik muayenesinde dış kulak yolunda serumen saptanan 117 (%52) kişide unilateral, 108sinde (%48) ise bilateralserumen olduğu tespit edildi. Unilateral serumen olan olguların 62 (%52,9)sinde sağ tarafta ve 55 inde (%47,1) sol tarafta serumen birikimi olduğu değerlendirildi. Kadınların 15 (%14,2)’i erkelerin ise 12 (%10)’si son bir yıl içerinde kulaklarında tıkanma şikâyeti ile sağlık merkezlerine bir seferden fazla başvurmuştur. Sonuç: Ülkemizde olduğu gibi ilimizde de buşon halk diliyle kulak kiri önemli bir halk sorunudur. Ülkemizde ve de ilimizde buşon ile ilgili prevalans ve insidans çalışmaları yetersizliği düşünülüp toplum içinde buşon görülme sıklığının, hastaların sosyo-demografik ve sosyo-kültürel özelliklerine, yaşadıkları yer ve mesleklerine göre dağılımının araştırılacağı çalışmalara gereksinim bulunmaktadır.

Takotsubo kardiyomiyopatisi genellikle emosyonel ve fiziksel stresi takiben ortaya çıkmaktadır. Akut ve geri dönüşümlü sol ventrikül sistolik disfonksiyonu ile karakterize olup, tipik EKG bulgularının varlığına rağmen koroner arterlerde kritik lezyon görülmemekle beraber apikal balonlaşma söz konusudur (1). Kalbin şekli, apikal anevrizmaya bağlı olarak hastalığın erken dönemlerinde Japonya’da balıkçılar tarafından kullanılan ahtapot tuzağına benzediği için “tako-tsubo (ahtapot tuzağı)” denilmiştir. Bu duruma yol açan patofizyolojik mekanizma net değildir. Takotsubo kardiyomiyopatisinde asıl ortaya çıkanın katekolamin salınımına bağlı miyokardiyal hasar olduğu düşünülmektedir. Biyokimyasal değerlerde troponin seviyesi artışı gibi kesin miyokard iskemi bulguları vardır (2).

Objective: Nasal bone is one of the most injuring regions due to it is localized on the front of the face. Diagnosis, treatment and to follow-up of the patients which have nasal fractures are one of the topics discussed for years. Materials and Methods: The data of patients presenting to a tertiary care center within 6 months with isolated nasal fracture was evaluated in this study. Data were obtained retrospectively from hospital records. Results: The most common cause of isolated nasal fractures was violence. The most common type of fracture was non-displaced nasal fractures. Computed tomography was the most common imaging modality for curtain diagnosis. Conclusion: The patients demographic datas and treatments are discussed in the lights of the literature. For the patients with isolated nasal fracture, no surgical procedure is recommended unless there is a large cosmetic deformity. Amaç: Nazal kemik yüzün ön bölgesinde yer aldığı için kafa travmalarında en sık hasar alan bölgelerden biridir. Nazal fraktürlerin tanısı, tedavisi ve takibi yıllardır tartışılan konulardan biri olmuştur. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada 6 ay içinde 3. Basamak sağlık merkezine izole nazal fraktür ile başvuran hastaların verileri değerlendirilmiştir. Verilere retrospektif olarak hastane kayıtlarından ulaşılmıştır. Bulgular: İzole nazal fraktürlerin en sık sebebi şiddet idi. En çok görülen kırık tipi non-deplase nazal fraktürler idi. Kırık tespitinde en sık başvurulan görüntüleme yönteminin bilgisayarlı tomografi olduğu görüldü. Sonuç: Literatür bilgileri ışığında bu veriler tartışılmıştır. İzole nazal fraktürlü hastalarda büyük bir kozmetik deformite yoksa herhangi bir cerrahi işlem yapılması önerilmemektedir.

Background: Impairment of thiol/disulfide homeostasis, as well as vitamin D deficiency, are responsible for the pathophysiology of many acute and chronic diseases. This study examined the relationship between thiol/disulfide homeostasis and vitamin D level and supplementation. Methods: A total of 203 healthy children were included in the study. The participants were divided into four groups according to 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level: group 1, severe deficiency (

Purpose: The study aims to retrospectively evaluate the newborn hearing screening results in the Erzincan Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital. Materials and Methods: The study retrospectively presents the newborn hearing screening results of 12827 babies who were either born in the Erzincan Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital or were transferred to the hospital from epicentres between January 2012 and December 2017. The hearing screening tests were conducted by the TEOAE (Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions) and ABR (Auditory Brainstem Response) methods. The babies who failed the initial TEOAE screening test were retested with TEOAE after 15 days. The babies who failed the TEOAE test were evaluated with the ABR test. Results: Among 12827 babies, 6136 (47.84%) failed the initial hearing test. Among 4815 babies who were readmitted for a second test, 425 babies failed the TEOAE test again. 300 of the babies who failed the control emission test underwent ABR, and 51 babies (0.3%) who failed the ABR test were transferred to various clinics. Conclusion: Dissemination of screening program allows for early diagnosis and treatment. To reach the goal, specialists and their families have to do their part.

Böbrek iskemi-reperfüzyon (İ/R) hasarı şok, travma ve böbrek transplantasyonu gibi majör cerrahi durumları takiben gelişebilmektedir ve akut böbrek yetmezliğine neden olmaktadır. Böbrek İ/R hasarının, dokunun oksijensiz kalması ile başlayan ve serbest oksijen radikallerinin üretimi ile devam eden patolojik bir süreç olduğu bilinmektedir. Çalışmamızda böbrek İ/R hasarına etkisini araştıracağımız tianeptin, antioksidan özelliğe sahip atipik antidepresan bir ilaçtır. Literetürlerde tianeptinin, İ/R ile oluşturulan böbrek hasarına karşı etkisine ait bilgilere rastlanmadı. Çalışmamızın amacı tianeptinin, sıçanlarda İ/R ile oluşturulan oksidatif böbrek hasarına etkisini araştırmaktır. Albino wistar türü erkek sıçanlar renal iskemi-reperfüzyon (RİR), 25 mg/kg tianeptin+renal iskemi-reperfüzyon (TİR-25) ve şam operasyonu uygulanacak (SG) gruplara ayrıldı. İ/R işlemi (bir saat iskemi, üç saat reperfüzyon), 25 mg/kg intraperitoneal tiopental sodyum anestezisi uygulanarak yapıldı. Oksidatif hasar böbrek dokusunda malondialdehid (MDA) ve total glutatyon (tGSH) ölçümü ile değerlendirildi. Biyokimyasal deney sonuçları, İ/R işleminin böbrek dokusunda MDA miktarının artmasına tGSH’nın ise azalmasına neden olduğunu göstermiştir. Tianeptinin, böbrek dokusunda MDA’nın İ/R ile artmasını ve tGSH’nın azalmasını anlamlı önlediği saptanmıştır. Deney sonuçlarımız, tianeptinin İ/R ile indüklenen oksidatif böbrek hasarını önlemede yararlı olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.

Purpose: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe kidney disease carrying high morbidity and mortality. An ischemic process, at the cellular level, has been detected prior to the full-blown AKI. An elevated ischemic modified albumin (IMA) was also found to be increased fast at several minutes following an ischemic process in the body. In this connection, we have investigated, in advance, the changes of IMA concentrations in patients with possible AKI. Methods: IMA and other biochemical and haematological parameters were measured in sera of thirty nine patients with AKI and of thirty eight healthy controls. AKI is defined by an increase in serum creatinine by ≥ 0.3 mg/dl in 48 hours or an increase by ≥ 1.5-fold from a known or assumed baseline. The results in the two groups were compared. Results: IMA, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, white blood cell, neutrophil, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and mean platelet volume were found to be higher in patients with AKI than in healthy controls. In contrast, total protein, albumin, lymphocyte, and haemoglobin were lower in patients with AKI than in healthy controls. No significant difference was recorded in platelet counts between the two groups. Conclusion: Our results indicate that increased levels of NLR and PLR play a central role in a systemic inflammation in AKI. Monitoring serum IMA could be a useful tool in the assessment of AKI.

Background. Preconditioning is one of the most powerful mechanisms preventing the myocardial ischemic damage that occurs during coronary artery bypass grafting. Objectives. We aimed to investigate the effects of different propofol and/or desflurane administration protocols in terms of the prevention of ischaemia-reperfusion damage. Material and methods. Ninety patients, aged > 18 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) category III, scheduled to undergo primary elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), were included in the study. During maintenance, the patients in group 1 (n = 30) received a propofol infusion (5–6 mg/ kg/h) combined with a fentanyl infusion (3–5 mcg/kg/h); the patients in group 2 (n = 30) also received a propofol infusion (5–6 mg/kg/h) combined with a fentanyl infusion (3–5 mcg/kg/h), but they were also given 6% desflurane inhalation for 15 min both before cross-clamping of the aorta and after removal of the clamp; the patients in group 3 (n = 30) received a propofol infusion (2–3 mg/kg/h) combined with a fentanyl infusion (3–5 mcg/kg/h) and received the continuous 6% desflurane inhalation. Blood samples were drawn in the preoperative period (S1), during cardiopulmonary bypass, before cross-clamping the aorta (S2), after removal of the cross-clamp (S3) and 24 h after the operation (S4). Results. All groups were similar in terms of age and BMI (p > 0.05). TNF-α levels were higher at S3 compared to S1, S2 and S4 (p > 0.001). The TNF-α levels at S4 were lower in group 3 than those in group 1 and group 2 (p < 0.05). In all groups, h-FABP levels showed an increase in S3 but were significantly lower at S4 (p < 0.05). In group 3, h-FABP levels at S2 and S3 were significantly lower than those in group 1 (p < 0.05). There was a moderate correlation between h-FABP and TNF-α levels (Spearman’s rho = 0.472, p < 0.001). Conclusions. On the basis of the measurement of h-FABP and TNF-α, low-dose propofol and continuous desflurane inhalation provide more effective preconditioning than propofol alone or a short course of desflurane in patients undergoing CABG.

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to determine the causes of preanalytical errors according to the different autoanalyzer and sample types. Material and Method: The rejected biological samples were analyzed in the laboratory information system of Mengucek Gazi Training and Research Hospital between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2017. According to device types, reasons for rejection and rejection rates were identified. Results: At the indicated dates, 748758 samples were reached in the laboratory, of which 4245 (0.56 %) were rejected. The reasons for rejection are mostly following: incorrect test request (53.6 %) and hemolysis (22.6 %) in the biochemistry samples, inadequate sample (61.5 %) and incorrect test request (30.2 %) in hormone samples, clotted samples (76.9 %) and incorrect sample container (7.9 %) in hemogram samples, level error (38.5 %) and clotted sample (31.3%) in coagulation samples, clotted sample (89.1%) and inadequate sample (5.7 %) in the blood gas samples, incorrect sample container (53.7 %) and incorrect test request (21.1 %) in the nephelometer samples, incorrect sample container (37.4 %) and clotted samples (34.1 %) in the sedimentation samples were identified. Discussion: The preanalytical error sources vary according to the sample types and autoanalyzers. These results should be stated in personnel training and necessary precautions should be taken.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of etoricoxib on oxidative injury induced with ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rat kidney tissue in terms of biochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Male Albino Wistar rats were divided into renal I/R (RIR), 50 mg/kg etoricoxib + RIR (ETO-50), 100 mg/kg etoricoxib + RIR (ETO-100) and sham operation (SG) groups. Animals in the ETO-50 and ETO-100 groups were given etoricoxib by the oral route at dosages of 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. The RIR and SG groups were given distilled water as solvent. One hour after drug administration, 1 h of ischemia and 3 h of reperfusion were applied to the left kidneys of all rats (apart from SG) under 25 mg/kg thiopental sodium anesthesia. At the end of that time, kidneys were extracted and biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Etoricoxib reduced, in a dose-dependent manner, levels of MDA, MPO and COX-2 that normally rise with I/R in rat kidney tissues. Etorixicob did not alter COX-1 activity at 50 and 100 mg/kg doses, but significantly prevented loss of tGSH in tissues with I/R. In addition, Bd-2' gene expression inhibited with I/R was prevented in renal tubular and glomerular cells. Furthermore, etoricoxib significantly decreased the caspase-3 gene expression which increased with I/R. Etoricoxib significantly prevented I/R injury in a dose-dependent manner. The results of this study show that etoricoxib treatment could decrease kidney injury during IR. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

In this study, the antiulcer activity of lacidipine was investigated on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model and it was examined whether the antiulcer effect of lacidipine was related to oxidant/antioxidant parameters in rats. Anti-ulcerative effects of lacidipine were investigated on an indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. The antiulcer capability of lacidipine was compared to 20 mg kg(-1) famotidine. Results showed that lacidipine prevented the formation of indomethacin-induced ulcers at 2 and 4 mg kg(-1) doses significantly. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant parameters, such as total glutathione, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, were found low and enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidant parameters, such as myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde, were found high in the gastric tissues of indomethacin-given rats. Indomethacin acts through not only the inhibition of the synthesis of cytoprotective prostaglandins but also by affecting enzymatic and non-enzymatic, oxidant and anti-oxidant mechanisms.

Kader Ugur,1 Suleyman Aydin,2 Tuncay Kuloglu,3 Gokhan Artas,4 Mehmet Ali Kocdor,5 Ä°brahim Sahin,2,6 Meltem Yardim,2 Ä°brahim Hanefi Ozercan41Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Disease, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey; 2Department of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry (Firat Hormones Research group), Firat University Hospital, Elazig, Turkey; 3Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey; 4Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey; 5Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Ä°zmir, Turkey; 6Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, TurkeyObjective: The incidence of thyroid cancer has been continuously increasing. The main objective of this study was to investigate irisin expression in various thyroid pathologies and to compare these expression patterns with irisin expression in healthy thyroid tissues.Methods: The study groups consisted of 20 cases each of control thyroid tissue, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, thyroid papillary carcinoma, oncocytic papillary carcinoma, follicular thyroid carcinoma, oncocytic follicular thyroid carcinoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma, anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Irisin expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Irisin levels in thyroid tissue supernatants were measured using ELISA.Results: Patients with HT showed increased irisin expression compared with controls (p

Diyabetik Mikrovasküler Komplikasyonlarda Tiyol-Disülfid DengesiGiriş ve Amaç: Retinopati,nöropati, nefropatidiyabetin mikrovasküler komplikasyonlarıdır. Bu çalışmada tiyol/disülfid dengesinin diyabetik mikrovasküler komplikasyonların gelişiminde rolü araştırılmıştır.Materyal ve Metot: Bu çalışmaya toplamda 266 (94 erkek, 172 kadın) birey dahil edilmiştir.Bireyler beş gruba ayrılmıştır; 1. grup; en az 10 yıldır diyabeti olup herhangi bir komplikasyonu olmayanlar, 2. grup; diyabetik nefropatili, 3. grup; diyabetik nöropatili, 4. grup; diyabetik retinopatili hastalardan oluşmaktadır.5. grup ise kontrol grubu olarak 50 sağlıklı bireyden oluşmuştur. Bireylerden elde edilen serumlarda rutin tetkiklere ek olarak tiyol disülfid, feroksidaz ve iskemi modifiye albumin düzeyleri ölçülmüştür.Bulgular: Retinopatili grupta nativ tiyol, total tiyol ve nativ tiyol/total tiyol düzeyleri, en az 10 yıldır diyabet hastası olup herhangi bir komplikasyonu olmayan, nöropatilive kontrol grublarından daha düşük bulunmuştur. Retinopatili grupta disülfid/nativ tiyol ve disülfid/total tiyol düzeyleri diğer tüm gruplardan, disülfid düzeyi ise nöropatili grup ve kontrol grubundan daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Nöropatili ve retinopatili gruplarda IMA düzeyleri diğer tüm gruplardan daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Feroksidaz düzeyi ise nöropatili ve retinopatili gruplarda nefropatili grupdan düşük bulunmuştur.Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, disülfid lehine bozulmuş tiyol disülfid dengesinin diyabetik retinopati gelişiminde rolü olabileceği bulunmuştur. Yine diyabetik retinopati ve nöropati gelişiminde artmış IMA ve azalmış feroksidaz düzeylerinin rolü olabileceği gösterilmiştir. Thiol-Disulfide Homeostasis in Diabetic Microvascular ComplicationsIntroduction and Aim:Retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy are microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. In this study, the role of thiol / disulfide was investigated in the development of diabetic microvascular complications.Material and Method: A total of 266 (94 male, 172 female) individuals were included in this study. Individuals were divided into five groups; Group 1; who have diabetes without any complications for at least 10 years, group 2; diabetic nephropathy, Group 3; diabetic neuropathy, 4; diabetic retinopathy. The fifth group consisted of 50 healthy individuals as the control group, Thiol, disulfide, feroxidase and ischemic modified albumin levels were measured .in the serum obtained from individuals in addition to routine examinations.Results: Nativ thiol, total thiol and nativ thiol / total thiol were found lower in retinopathy group than theat least 10 years diabetes without any complication group, the neuropathic group and the control group. Disulfide / nativ thiol and disulfide / total thiol levels were found to be higher in the retinopathy group than all other groups, also the level of disulfide was higher than the control group and neuropathy group.Ischemia modified albumin (IMA) levels were found to be higher in the neuropathic and retinopathy groups than all other groups. Feroxidase level was found to be lower in the neuropathy and retinopathy groups than the nephropathy group.Conclusion:In this study, it was found that the disruption of the thiol disulphide homeostasis favor of disulfide may play a role in the formation of diabetic retinopathy. Also, it has been shown that increased IMA and decreased feroxidase levels may play a role in the development of diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy. 75

Background Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury results from the onset of re-circulation following a perfusion deterioration period in the tissues, resulting in more damage than that caused by perfusion deterioration. This study aimed to determine the effects of pycnogenol on I/R injury in rat brain tissues. Methods Eighteen albino Wistar rats were divided into three groups: I/R injury (IR, n = 6) group; I/R injury + pycnogenol (IR + P, n = 6) group; and sham group (SG, n = 6). After 30 min of transient ischemia, 24 h of reperfusion was achieved in the IR and IR + P groups. Surgical dissection, except for transient ischemia, was performed in SG. Next, histopathological and biochemical investigations were performed on brain tissues. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPO) were analyzed as oxidative stress markers; IL-1β and TNF-α were analyzed as inflammatory stress markers in biochemical tests. Results Histopathological examination revealed normal morphology in SG and diffuse cortex damage with edema, vasopathology, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the IR group. The IR + P group showed less cortex damage, edema, and vasopathology than the IR group. The MDA, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in the IR group than those in the SG group. The values of same markers for the IR + P group were significantly lower than the IR group. The GSH and GPO levels were significantly decreased with IR damage, but PYC treatment showed significant improvement in the levels. Conclusion This study showed that the administration of pycnogenol ameliorated brain damage after I/R injury by reducing oxidative and inflammatory damage in the rat brain.

Motor ve konuşma alanı gibi hassas alan yerleşimli tümörlerin cerrahi tedavisi sırasında ödem, korteks yaralanması ve retraksiyon nedeniyle nörolojik defisit oluşma riski bulunmaktadır (1). Bu nedenle lezyonların operasyon sırasında yerleşiminin tam olarak ön görülmesi oldukça önemlidir (2). Bu riski en düşük seviyeye indirmek için beyin cerrahisi pratiğinde tümöral yapının lokalizasyonun saptanmasını sağlayan stereotaksi klavuzluğunda yapılan kranitomi işlemi rutin pratikte bulunmaktadır (2-5). Anestezi metodu olarak uyanık kraniotomi tercih edilmesi sayesinde, operasyon sırasında hastada motor ve konuşma muayenesi yapılabilmekte (6, 7), bu sayede fonkisyonel korteks yerleşimli lezyonlarda olası hasar operasyon anında anlaşılabilmektedir (8). Stereotaktik kraniotomi prosedürü, uyanık veya genel anestezi altında yapılabilmektedir (2). Çalışmamızın amacı her iki yöntemin farklılıkları ve biribirlerine olan üstünlüklerini retrospektif olarak analiz etmektir., Objective: During stereotactic craniotomy procedure, craniotomy under general anesthesia or awake craniotomy may be preferred. The aim of the present study was to compare these two methods retrospectively. Materials and Methods: A total of 129 cases with localized intracranial lesions in the sensitive area who underwent craniotomy with computed-tomography-guided stereotactic method during a 14-year period were analyzed retrospectively. Clinical records and radiological and histological findings were reviewed. The cases were divided into two groups: awake craniotomy (AC) group including 39 patients and the general anesthesia (GA) group including 90 patients. The characteristic data, findings at the time of presentation, localization and histopathological results of the lesions, and outcome data were compared between the 2 groups. Results: The mean age was 56.1±17.3 years in the AC group and 50.1±12.3 years in the GA group (p=0.044). There was no difference in other characteristic data. The mean length of hospitalization was 3.5±1.1 days and 5.8±2.2 days in the UK and GA groups, respectively (p

Gastroenterit kusma ve ishalle seyreden, enfeksiyöz ya da enfeksiyöz olmayan nedenlerle meydana gelen klinik bir tablodur. İshalli hastalıklar bütün dünyada hala önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Başta gelişmekte olan ülkelerde olmak üzere özellikle çocuklarda ölüm nedenleri arasında ilk sıralarda yer almaktadır, 2

Objective The World Health Organization emphasizes that it is essential that infants be fed only breast milk for the first six months. This study is designed to investigate the frequency of exclusive breastfeeding and the related factors during the first six months in infants born in 2016 in Erzincan province. Materials and methods Our study is a cross-sectional study, and the study population consisted of 2166 babies born in 2016, and registered with the family physicians. The sample size was calculated as 635 with a 95% confidence interval and 3% error margin, assuming that the frequency of exclusive breastfeeding in first six months is 30%. The family physicians were randomly selected. Mothers included in the study were determined by random sampling method. The data were collected by interviewing the mothers individually, and then analyzed in the SPSS (IBM, SPSS Corp.; Armonk, NY, USA) 21.0 package program. Results In this study, the rate of infants who received only breast milk for the first six months was calculated as 45.7%. The average period of exclusive breastfeeding was 4.4±2.03 months. It was observed that the children of mothers with prenatal and postnatal education received only breast milk for longer time. Also, mothers who do not work, those who do not use tobacco after birth, and those without depression also fed their children with only breast milk for longer time. In pacifiers or bottle users, infants receiving other nutrients after birth had a lower rate of exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months. Conclusion In our study, it has been observed that to increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding, it is necessary to increase the education before and after the birth; to not use any other nutrients, pacifier, or bottle after delivery; and to spend adequate time with the baby.

Objective: To determine whether there is a relationship between the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the normal mucosa adjacent to tumor and the histopathological development pattern in gastric carcinoma. Materials and Methods: A total of 104 gastrectomy materials operated due to cancer at Istanbul Haseki Education and Research Hospital were examined retrospectively. Gastrectomy materials were fixed with 10% formalin. The paraffin blocks were prepared from tissue samples. Fourmicrons-thick sections were taken from the blocks.The relationship between the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the mucosa adjacent to tumor and histopathological development pattern of gastric carcinoma was investigated. Descriptive summary statistics were obtained for all independent and outcome variables. A statistically significant p-value was accepted to be

“Balanitis” means an inflammation of the glans penis and penis skin (prepuce). In clinical practice, the two usually become infected at the same time, so balanoposthitis is used as a term. The general cause is inadequate hygiene, and in some cases, it is caused by secondary infectious processes. In this case report, we aimed to present the ultrasonographic findings of a 6-yearold male patient who developed balanitis after circumcision, together a literature overview./ Balanit, glans penisin ve penis derisinin (prepisyum) enflamasyonu anlamına gelmektedir. Klinik pratikte genel olarak ikisi birlikte enfekte olur bu nedenle yine terminoloji olarak balanopostit kullanılır. Genel sebebi yetersiz hijyen olup, bazı vakalarda ise sekonder enfeksiyöz süreçler nedeniyle olmaktadır. Bu olgu sunumunda, 6 yaşında erkek hastada sünnet sonrası gelişen balanit vakasının ultrasonografi bulgularını literatür verileri ile beraber sunmayı amaçladık

Objective: According to the latest data of the United Nations, more than 4 million registered refugees are living in Turkey. In addition to refugees, the other group are irregular migrants who use the country as a transit path and try to enter another country illegally. In this study, we aimed to determine the frequency of the HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV, and VDRL-RPR positivity in irregular migrants caught in Erzincan. Materials and Methods: In our study, the demographic findings such as the age, gender, and nationality of irregular migrants brought to us for the detection of infectious diseases in the Erzincan province, and the results of HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV, and VDRL-RPR performed in our hospital were examined. Results: Of the 1,253 irregular migrants examined, 97% were male, and the average age was 23 (2-52). Fifty-eight percent of the cases were from Afghanistan, 41% were from Pakistan, and 1% were citizens of other countries. The anti-HIV positivity was not detected in any of the cases. The positivities of HBsAg, anti-HCV, and VDRL-RPR were 3.59%, 2.07%, and 0.23%, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and syphilis in our country is 2%-4%

Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the results of cigar paper patch grafting in acute tympanic membrane (TM) perforation. Materials and Methods: This wasa retrospective study of 23 (success group, 20 cases; failure group, 3 cases) patients who underwent paper patch myringoplasty in an outpatient setting. Data on sex, age, perforation time, hearing loss, andthe size of perforation were evaluated. Results: The total success rate of paper patch vaccination was 87%, and the fail of success was 13%. This failure was caused by infection in two cases, whereas in one patient, the recurrence and perforation diameter was 3 mm. Conclusion: This application method is concluded to be a safe, practical method because of its low morbidity, low cost, and easy feasibility. In small, dry acute TM perforations, prior to formal surgery myringoplasty, cigarette paper graft may also be considered. Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı, akut timpanik membran perforasyonunda sigara kağıdı kulanım sonuçlarını değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma sigara kağıt yama myringoplasti yapılan 23 hastanın retrospektif bir çalışmasıdır. (başarı grubu, 20 vaka, başarısızlık grubu, 3 vaka). Hastalarımız; cinsiyet, yaş, perforasyon süresi, işitme kaybı ve perforasyon büyüklüğü değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Sigara kağıt yama uygulamasında başarı oranı %87 iken başarısızlık oranı ise %13 idi. Başarsız vakalarımızın; iki olguda enfeksiyon neden olurken, hastalardan birinde nüks ve perforasyon çapı; 3 mm idi. Sonuç: Bu uygulama yöntemi; Düşük morbiditesi, düşük maliyeti ve kolay uygulanabilirliği nedeniyle güvenli ve pratik bir yöntem olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Küçük, kuru Akut timpanik membran perforasyonlarında, formal cerrahi myringoplasti öncesinde sigara kağıt grefti de düşünülebilir. Anahtar Sözcükler: sigara kağıdı, timpanikmembranperforasyonu, myringoplasti.

PURPOSE: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most common cause of death in the world. Comprehensive risk assessment of patients presenting with chest pain and eliminating undesirable results should decrease morbidity and mortality rates, increase the quality of life of patients, and decrease health expenditure in many countries. In this study, the advantages and disadvantages of the enzymatic and nonenzymatic biomarkers used in the diagnosis of patients with AMI are given in historical sequence, and some candidate biomarkers - hFABP, GPBB, S100, PAPP-A, RP, TNF, IL6, IL18, CD40 ligand, MPO, MMP9, cell-adhesion molecules, oxidized LDL, glutathione, homocysteine, fibrinogen, and D-dimer procalcitonin - with a possible role in the diagnosis of AMI are discussed. METHODS: The present study was carried out using meta-analyses, reviews of clinical trials, evidence-based medicine, and guidelines indexed in PubMed and Web of Science. RESULTS: These numerous AMI biomarkers guide clinical applications (diagnostic methods, risk stratification, and treatment). Today, however, TnI remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of AMI. Details in the text will be given of many biomarkers for the diagnosis of AMI. CONCLUSION: We evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of routine enzymatic and nonenzymatic biomarkers and the literature evidence of other candidate biomarkers in the diagnosis of AMI, and discuss challenges and constraints that limit translational use from bench to bedside.

An effective cough is essential for maintaining respiratory health. There are many causes of cough, the majority of which originate in the lungs, but there are also nonpulmonary etiologies. Chronic cough in children 14 years and younger usually is defined as a daily cough lasting 4 or more weeks. Common causes of specific cough in children include suppurative lung disease and other chronic infections (e.g., protracted bacterial bronchitis, recurrent aspiration, bronchiectasis, mycoplasma, pertussis, and parapertussis) and cough-dominant asthma. Other important causes include tuberculosis and foreign body aspiration. Less common causes include congenitalanomalies, tracheoesophageal fistula, neoplasia, or psychogenic processes, and rarely other nonpulmonary processes. A detailed medical history, the age when cough started, age of the patient, time and character of the cough, factors that trigger coughing, previous illnesses, surgical procedures, previous treatments, family history, environmental conditions, and household must be questioned. Etiologies of chronic cough in children are different than in adults, and thus clinicians should use pediatric-specific cough guidelines/ Solunum sağlığının korunması için etkili bir öksürük gereklidir, Öksürüğün birçok nedeni vardır; çoğunluğu akciğerlerden kaynaklanırken, bazıları nonpulmonerdir. Kronik öksürük 14 yaşında ve daha küçük çocuklarda genellikle dört hafta veya daha fazla süren günlük öksürük olarak tanımlanır. Çocuklarda spesifik öksürüğün yaygın nedenleri, süpüratif akciğer hastalığı ve diğer kronik enfeksiyonlar (örneğin, uzun süreli bakteriyel bronşit, tekrarlayan aspirasyon, bronşektazi, mikoplazma, boğmaca ve parapertussis) ve öksürük baskın astımdır. Diğer önemli nedenler tüberküloz ve yabancı cisim aspirasyonu olabilir. Daha az görülen nedenler arasında trakeoözofageal fistül, konjenital anomaliler, neoplazi veya psikojenik sebepler, nadiren diğer non-ponmoner sebepler yer alır. Detaylı tıbbi öykü, öksürüğün başladığı yaş, hastanın yaşı, öksürüğün zamanı ve karakteri, öksürüğü tetikleyen faktörler, önceki hastalıklar, ameliyatlar, önceki tedaviler aile öyküsü, çevre koşulları ve hanehalkı sorgulanmalıdır. Çocuklarda kronik öksürüğün etiyolojileri yetişkinlerden farklıdır ve bu nedenle klinisyenler pediatriye özgü öksürük kılavuzlarını kullanmalıdırlar.

Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome (SJMS) is a rare acute obliterative bronchiolitis syndrome as a result of an infective process in the lungs in early childhood. Reduction of alveolarization and ipsilateral pulmonary artery hypoplasia causes lung development to stop. Imaging shows a typical unilateral hyperlusent lung appearance characterized by end-expiratory air confinement and unilateral pulmonary artery agenesis / atrophy on pulmonary angiogram. SJMS, radiologically diagnosed in a female patient who was followed up for a long time with asthma and presented with sudden onset of shortness of breath after the journey was discussed in the light of CT findings and literature. SJMS should be included in the differential diagnosis in patients who present with recurrent pulmonary infections, dyspnea, asthma-COPD findings and who do not respond to treatment. Early diagnosis of this syndrome is important to prevent inappropriate treatment and good prognosis. Swyer-James –MacLeod sendromu (SJMS), erken çocukluk çağında akciğerlerde enfektif bir süreç sonucunda, nadir görülen bir akut obliteratif bronşiolit sendromudur. Alveolarizasyonun azalması ve ipsilateral pulmoner arter hipoplazisi akciğer gelişimininin durmasına neden olur. Görüntülemede ekspirasyon sonu hava hapsi ve pulmoner anjiyogramda tek taraflı pulmoner arter agenezisi/atrofisi ile karakterize tipik tek taraflı hiperlusent akciğer görünümü ortaya çıkar. Uzun süre astım tanısı ile izlenen ve yolculuk sonrası ani başlayan nefes darlığı ile başvuran kadın olguda radyolojik olarak tanı alan SJMS, BT bulguları ve literatür eşliğinde tartışıldı. Tekrarlayan akciğer enfeksiyonları, dispne, astım-KOAH bulguları ile başvuran ve tedaviye cevap vermeyen olgularda, ayırıcıda tanıda nadir olmakla birlikte SJMS de bulundurulmalıdır. Uygunsuz tedaviyi önlemek ve iyi prognoz açısından, bu sendromun erken tanı alması önemlidir.

Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the solid testicular masses using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to correlate these data with the pathology results. Materials and Methods: Eleven patients with testicular swelling complaints between January 2012 and May 2015 were evaluated by MRI, and imaging findings were compared with postoperative pathology results. Results: The pathologic diagnosis of 11 patients revealed seminoma in 2, embryonal carcinoma in 1, and mixed germ cell tumor in 5, xanthogranulomatous orchitis in 2, and focal orchitis in 1. While seminomas were observed as homogenous masses, nonseminomatous tumors were observed as heterogeneous lesions. Conclusion: Although MRI is not a basic examination method for the identification of testicular pathologies, it is a very important modality, especially in the differential diagnosis of testicular masses. Unnecessary surgical procedures can be avoided using MRI in appropriate cases, that is, as a guide in cases where ultrasound cannot give clear results. Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, solid testis kitlelerinde manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG) yöntemiyle kitlelerin karakterizasyonu ve bu verilerin patoloji sonuçları ile korelasyonudur. Gereç ve Yöntem: Ocak 2012-Mayıs 2015 arasında testis şişliği şikayeti ile başvuran 11 hasta MRG ile değerlendirildi ve görüntüleme bulguları postoperatif patolojik sonuçlar ile karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 11 hastanın ikisinde patolojik tanı seminom, birinde embriyonal karsinom ve beş hastada mikst germ hücreli tümör, iki hastada ksantogranülamatöz orşit ve bir hastada fokal orşit olarak geldi. Seminomlar homojen kitleler olarak gözlenirken, nonseminomatöz tümörler heterojen lezyonlar olarak gözlendi. Sonuç: MRG, testis patolojilerinin tanımlanmasında temel inceleme yöntemi olmamakla birlikte, özellikle testis kitlelerinin ayırıcı tanısında çok önemli bir modalitedir. Uygun vakalarda MR görüntüleme kullanılarak gereksiz operasyonlardan kaçınılabilir ve ultrasonun net bir fikir veremediği vakalarda yol gösterici olarak kullanılabilir.

Suçiçeği, duyarlı bireylerin Varicella Zoster Virüs (VZV) ile karşılaşması sonucu ortaya çıkan tüm dünyada yaygın, oldukça bulaşıcı, generalize exantematöz döküntü ile karakterize, genel olarak immünolojisi normal çocuklarda benign bir enfeksiyon hastalığıdır (1). Primer enfeksiyon suçiçeği olarak bulgu verirken, aynı virüsle rekurrent enfeksiyon herpez zoster olarak bilinen lokalize enfeksiyona sebep olur (2). VZV, herpes virüs ailesinin bir elemanıdır ve bu ailenin diğer elemanları ile aynı yapısal özellikleri taşır (3). Virüsün hedef organı deri olmasına rağmen su çiçeğinden ölen çocuk ve erişkinlerde yapılan postmortem çalışmalarda birçok organ tutulumun bulgularına rastlandığı bildirilmektedir. Kan damarlarının endotelyumunda, özofagus, karaciğer, pankreas, böbrek, üreter, mesane, uterus, adrenal glandlarda fokal nekroz ve asidofilik inklüzyon cisimlerine rastlanabilir ve akciğerlerde yaygın interstisiel pnömoni yapabilir (2 ,4, 5). İnsanlar VZV için bilinen tek rezervuardır. Duyarlı şahsın VZV ile karşılaşmasından sonra enfeksiyonun primer şekli ortaya çıkar. Virüs yayılımı primer olarak respiratuar yoldan olup nazofarinxte ve solunum yollarında replike olur (5). Suçiçeği çocukluk döneminin sık görülen bir enfeksiyonudur. Her iki cinste eşit oranda görülür ve enfeksiyon ırk ayrımı yapmaz. Hastalık genellikle mevsimsel ve epidemik olarak meydana gelir. Genellikle kış sonları ve ilkbahar başlarında görülür (6). VZV hayli bulaşıcıdır ve su çiçekli veya zonalı hastalardan bulaşabilir. Aynı ev içinde duyarlı kişilerde sekonder atak oranı %70-90’dır (7, 8). Hastalığın 10-21 günlük bir inkübasyon periyodu vardır. Sıklıkla ilk bulgu hafif ateşle birlikte saçlı deri veya gövdede ortaya çıkan lezyonlardır. Daha sonra bu lezyonlar tüm vücuda sentrifugal tarzda yayılır (6). Genellikle ciddi sistemik bulgular hastalığa eşlik etmez. Sağlıklı çocuklarda sıklıkla halsizlik, ateş, iştahsızlık, baş ağrısı ve boğaz ağrısı gelişir (9). Özellikle immün yetmezliği olan bazı hastalarda daha ağır bir hastalık şekli olan progressif suçiçeği gelişebilir (6). Çalışmamızda 4 yıl boyunca takip ettiğimiz suçiçeği tanılı hastaların demografik, klinik ve laboratuvar özellikleriyle birlikte komplikasyon oranlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır., Objective: Chickenpox is a benign childhood disease. The complications are very rare in healthy children. However, although rarely, it may lead to death, even in healthy children. Children with immunodeficiency are at a greater risk of serious complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics and complication rates of patients with chickenpox who were followed for four years. Materials and Methods: A total of 502 chickenpox cases diagnosed at Sami Ulus Children’s Health and Diseases Center between January 1994 and April 1997 were evaluated retrospectively. The diagnosis of chickenpox was made considering the history, physical examination, and characteristics of the rash. The physical examination findings of the patients were evaluated in terms of complications, and laboratory tests were examined. Results: Of the 502 patients with chickenpox, 218 (43%) were female, and 284 (57%) were male, most commonly in the 0-4 age group (56%). Seasonally, the patients were admitted mostly in winter and spring months (64.5%). Out of 483 patients who applied to outpatient clinics, 28 patients (5.8%) were hospitalized due to complications. As the age of the patients decreased, hospitalization rates increased (p

Toxic anterior segment syndrome is a clinical condition that develops frequently after phacoemulsification surgery and can be seen in various forms from mild to severe. It is very important to differentiate this clinical condition from endophthalmitis and to start timely treatment in terms of visual prognosis of the patient. Toksik anterior segment sendromu sıklıkla fakoemülsifikasyon cerrahisi sonrası gelişen ve hafiten ağıra kadar çeşitli formlarda görülebilen bir klinik durumdur. Bu klinik durumun endoftalmiden ayırt edilmesi ve zamanında tedavi başlanması hastanın görsel prognozu açısından oldukça önemlidir

Seksen sekiz yaşında kadın hasta, bulantı-kusma ve karın ağrısı şikayetiyle acil servise başvurdu. Şikayetleri bir hafta önce başlayan hastanın ağrıları bu süre zarfında giderek artan tarzdaydı. Hastanın yapılan fizik muayenesinde sağ üst kadranda hassasiyet ile birlikte Murphy bulgusu pozitifti. Laboratuar bulgularında sadece lökositoz mevcuttu. Hastanın diğer laboratuar bulguları normal idi. Ayakta direk batın grafisinde patolojik bulgu saptanmadı. Hepatobilier ultrason(USG)‘da safra kesesi duvar kalınlığı 5 mm olup artmıştı ve kese hidropik görünümdeydi. Kese lümeninde sonografik patoloji saptanmadı. Konservatif tedavi ile klinik tablosu gerilemeyen hastaya intravenöz kontrastlı tüm abdomen bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) tetkiki uygulandı. BT incelemesinde, safra kesesi subhepatik alandan batın sağ orta kadrana uzanım göstermekteydi ve hidropik görünümde idi (Resim 1a, b). Kese duvarı kalınlaşmış olup lümeninde patoloji saptanmadı. Hastaya akut kolesistit öntanısı ile operasyon planlandı. Eksplorasyonda saat yönünde 180°’den fazla torsiyona uğramış hidropik ve gangrene safra kesesi saptandı (Resim 2a, b). Perforasyon saptanmadı. Detorsiyon sonrası rutin kolesistektomi tamamlandı. Hasta postoperatif 3. günde komplikasyon gelişmeden taburcu edildi.

Mezenterik pannikülit (MP), intestinal mezenterik yağ dokusunun kronik ve spesifik olmayan bir inflamasyonudur. Mezenterik pannikülit primer olarak ortaya çıkabileceği gibi diğer hastalıklar ile birlikte de görülebilir. Bu hastalıklar vaskülit, granülomatöz hastalık, otoimmün hastalık, romatizmal hastalık, maligniteler, pankreatit, aşırı duyarlılık reaksiyonları, iskemi, hatta bakteriyel enfeksiyon ve abdominal travma veya cerrahidir (1, 2).

Objective: Pilonidal sinus disease (PS) in pediatric patients is not a rare occurrence, and its treatment is controversial. In this study, we aimed to present the pediatric group of patients operated for the pilonidal sinus in the sacrococcygeal region regarding whose rates of age, sex, surgical technique, duration of hospital stay, recovery time, and recurrence. Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 27 pediatric patients with the sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus operated in the Erzincan University Mengucek Gazi Training and Research Hospital Department of Pediatric Surgery were analyzed retrospectively between June 2013-June 2018. Results: Seventeen of the operated patients were male (62.9%), and 10 (37.1%) were female. The total sinus excision closed primarily was applied in 15 patients (55.5%), the Karydakis procedure in 7 patients (25.9%), and the flap repair in 5 patients (18.5%). As a flap method, the V–Y advancement fasciocutaneous flap in the 4 patients was applied (14.8%), while the Limberg flap was applied in 1 patient (3.7%). Conclusion: In our series, the most frequently applied surgical technique was the total sinus excision closed primarily. Among the techniques, there was no difference in terms of the hospitalization duration, healing duration, and recurrence. We recommend that in children with the primary pilonidal sinus, the total sinus excision closed primarily be used as the surgical procedure of choice, whereas the flap repair should be reserved for secondary cases. Amaç: Pilonidal sinüs (PS) hastalığı çocuklarda nadir görülen bir hastalık değildir ve tedavisi tartışmalıdır. Bu çalışmada pediatrik yaş grubunda sakrokoksigeal bölge pilonidal sinüs (SPS) hastalığı nedeniyle opere ettiğimiz hastalarda yaş, cinsiyet, cerrahi teknik, hastanede kalış süresi, iyileşme süresi ve nüks oranlarını sunmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada Haziran 2013-Haziran 2018 yılları arasında, Erzincan Üniversitesi Sağlık Bakanlığı Mengücek Gazi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’nde SPS tanısıyla opere edilen 27 çocuk hasta retrospektif olarak incelendi. Bulgular: Opere edilen hastaların 17’si erkek (%62,9), 10’u (%37,1) kız idi. Cerrahi teknik olarak 15 hastaya (%55,5) total sinüs eksizyonu ve primer kapama, 7 hastaya (%25,9) karydakis yöntemi ile kapama, 5 hastaya (%18,5) flep yöntemi uygulandı. Flep yöntemi olarak 4 hastada (%14,8) fasiokutanöz V-Y ilerletme flebi, 1 hastada (%3,7) limberg flep yapıldı. Sonuç: Serimizde en sık uyguladığımız ameliyat tekniği, total sinüs eksizyonu ve primer kapama idi. Teknikler arasında hastanede kalış süresi, iyileşme süresi ve nüks açısından fark bulunmadı. Primer pilonidal sinüslü çocuklarda ilk cerrahi girişim olarak total sinüs eksizyonu ve primer kapama yönteminin uygulanmasını, flep kapama yönteminin sekonder vakalara saklanmasını öneriyoruz.

The Zika virus is a single-stranded enveloped RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family and the Flavivirus genus, which has an icosahedral capsid structure. The Zika virus was named for the first time in 1947 in the Uganda forest, where it was isolated. It was first identified in the World in 2007 in the Micronesia Yap Islands, in the Western Hemisphere in 2014 in Chile and in the USA in 2016. Four imported cases had travelled to South America were the first cases seen in our country in Istanbul in 2017. Zika virus can be transmitted to humans through infected mosquito bites, transplacental, sexual, blood and blood products transfusion, organ transplantation and laboratory exposure. 20% of people infected with Zika virus become ill, others are asymptomatic. The most common symptoms of Zika virus infection are fever, rash, joint pain and conjunctivitis. Other common symptoms include muscle pain and headache. The incubation period is 2-14 days. The disease is usually mild; the symptoms recover in 2-7 days. Severe disease requiring hospitalization is rare and case-death rates are low. Intrauterine, intrapartum and postnatal infection can be seen in children. The CDC concluded that infection during pregnancy can cause fetal microcephaly. For this reason, the fetus and the infant should be evaluated for possible congenital infection and neurological anomalies. Zika virus RNA (serum, urine or whole blood) can be detected by real-time reverse transcription PCR (rRT-PCR). Dengue, Chikungunya infections; leptospirosis, malaria, rickettsial infections, group A streptococcal infections are in differential diagnosis. No specific treatment. Symptomatic treatments such as prevention of dehydration, administration of acetaminophen to relieve fever and pain are applied. The fight against mosquitoes is important in preventing infection. Vaccination studies are ongoing., Zika virüsü, Flaviviridae familyasından, Flavivirüs genusundan zarflı, ikozahedral kapsid yapısında, tek zincirli bir RNA virüsüdür. Zika virüsü, 1947’de ilk kez izole edildiği bir Uganda ormanının adını almıştır. İlk olarak dünyada 2007’de Mikronezya Yap Adaları’nda, Batı yarımkürede 2014’te Şili’de ve ABD’de 2016’da tespit edilmiştir. Ülkemizdeki ilk vakalar 2017’de İstanbul’da tespit edilmiş Güney Amerika ziyareti olan dört importe vakadır. Zika virüsü insanlara enfekte sivrisinek ısırığı, transplasental, cinsel, kan ve kan ürünleri transfüzyonu, organ transplantasyonu, laboratuvar maruziyeti yoluyla bulaşabilir. Zika virüs ile enfekte insanların %20’si hastalanır, diğerleri hastalığı asemptomatik olarak geçirirler. Zika virüs enfeksiyonunun en yaygın semptomları ateş, döküntü, eklem ağrısı ve konjonktivittir. Diğer yaygın semptomları ise kas ağrısı ve baş ağrısıdır. İnkübasyon süresi 2-14 gündür. Hastalık genellikle hafiftir; belirtiler 2-7 gün içinde geçer. Hastanede yatış gerektiren ciddi hastalık nadirdir ve vaka-ölüm oranları düşüktür. Çocuklarda intrauterin, intrapartum ve doğum sonrası enfeksiyon görülebilir. CDC, hamilelik sırasındaki enfeksiyonun mikrosefaliye neden olduğu sonucuna varmıştır. Bu nedenle gebelikte enfekte olduğu tespit edilen hastanın fetüsünün ve doğum sonrasında infantının olası konjenital enfeksiyon ve nörolojik anomaliler açısından değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Zika virüsü RNA’sı (serum, idrar veya tam kanda) gerçek zamanlı ters transkripsiyon PCR (rRT-PCR) ile saptanabilir. Ayırıcı tanısında başlıca Dang, Chikungunya enfeksiyonları; leptospiroz, sıtma, riketsiyal enfeksiyonlar, A grubu streptokok enfeksiyonları bulunmaktadır. Spesifik bir tedavi yoktur. Dehidrasyonun önlenmesi, ateş ve ağrıyı hafifletmek için asetaminofen uygulanması gibi semptomatik tedaviler uygulanır. Enfeksiyonu önlemede sivrisineklerle mücadele önem taşımaktadır. Aşı çalışmaları devam etmektedir.

Objective: The mode of delivery is important for the development of the immune system in newborns. We aimed to investigate whether the changes in the activity and numbers of immune system cells are related to their birth pattern. Materials and Methods: In this study, peripheral blood leukocyte, monocyte, granulocyte, and lymphocyte counts as well as lymphocyte subpopulations were investigated in the umblical cord blood samples of 74 normal pregnancies, delivered either vaginally (n=34) or by elective cesarean section (n=40). A laser-based flow cytometer was used to analyze surface markers on the mononuclear cells. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS analysis package program (Microsoftware version 17.0). P≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: We found that mean total leukocyte, lymphocyte, granulocyte, and monocyte counts were observed to be lower in the cesarean delivery group than in the normal delivery group. However, no statistically significant difference was found between two groups. There were higher percentage values of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+, lower percentage and absolute values of CD16+, and percentage values of CD19+ in the cesarean delivery group. The percentage values of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and percentage and absolute values of CD16+ were significantly different between the two groups. However, there was no significant difference in CD19+ values. Conclusion: With this study, we tried to show possible effects of delivery methods on the lymphocyte subgroups and immune system of the newborns. However, future studies with larger groups are needed to enlighten this issue. Amaç: Çalışmamızda, doğum şeklinin lenfosit alt gruplarına etkisinin araştırılması hedeflenmektedir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu prospektif çalısma; 37. haftadan büyük gebeliği olan, İstanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi Göztepe E.A.H. Kadın Doğum Servisine başvuran 40’ı Sezaryen ve 34’ü Normal doğum yapan toplam 74 gebe analiz edildi. Gebelerin umblikal kord kanı örneklemesinde total lökosit, monosit, granulosit, lenfosit sayıları ve lenfosit subpopulasyonları ile oranları araştırılmıştır. Lazer bazlı flow sitometri, mononükleer hücrelerin yüzey belirteçlerinin analizi için kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada SPSS 17.0 paket programından faydalanılmış olup; p≤0,05 anlamlı olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: Bu çalışmada sezaryen ile doğum yapanlarda total lökosit, lenfosit, granülosit ve monosit sayıları daha düşük gözlemlenmesine rağmen, her iki grup arasında anlamlı istatistiksel bir fark izlenmemiştir. Lenfosit subpopülasyonunda sezaryen ile doğum yapanlarda, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ yüzde değerlerinin daha yüksek, CD16+ yüzde ve mutlak değerlerinin ve CD19+ yüzde değerlerin daha düşük olduğu görülmüştür. CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ yüzde değerlerinin ve CD16+ yüzde ve mutlak değerlerinde her iki grup arasında anlamlı fark oluşurken; CD19+ değerlerinde anlamlı fark görülmemiştir. Sonuç: Bu çalışma ile doğum şeklinin lenfosit alt gruplarına ve yenidoğanın immun sistemi üzerine olası etkilerini göstermeye çalıştık. Bu konudaki detaylı araştırmalar için, hasta sayısının arttırılması öngörülmektedir.

Genetik kemik displazileri gen mutasyonlarının sebep olduğu, iskelet gelişimi ve büyümesinde kompleks bozukluklardan kaynaklanan ve diyagnostik radyolojik bulgularla ortaya çıkan hastalıklardır (1). Genetik bozuklukların her biri belirli kemik ossifikasyon aşamasında aksamaya sebep olur ve displaziler anormal kemik oluşumunun bulunduğu yere göre sınıflandırılırlar (2). Osteopoikilozis, osteopatik striata, Buschke-Olendroff Sendromu (dermatofibrozis lentikülaris disseminata) ve Leri hastalığı (meloreostozis) sklerozan kemik displazileri grubunda yer alan hastalıklardır (3).

A continually and frequently bothersome problem in endodontics is the development of pain and swelling called “flare-up” during or after endodontic therapy. In this article, the causative factors and some therapeutic proposes have been researched. Some situations occur during and after endodontic therapy, such as debris extrusion, overinstrumentation, single visit, and periapical lesions. Various treatment regimens for the relief of pain in these situations, including premedication, establishment of drainage, antibiotics and analgesics, and occlusal reduction, have been suggested Endodontide sürekli ve sık sık rahatsız edici bir problem, endodontik tedavi sırasında veya sonrasında ağrının ve şişkinliğin, yani “alevlenme”nin gelişmesidir. Bu makalede, sebep olan faktörler ve bazı tedavi önerileri araştırılmıştır. Endodontik tedavi sırasında ve sonrasında debriz ekstrüzyonu, aşırı şekillendirme, tek ziyaret, periapikal lezyonlar gibi bazı durumlar vardır. Bu durumlarda ağrının giderilmesi için premedikasyon, drenajın kurulması, antibiyotik ve analjezikler ve oklüzal redüksiyon gibi çeşitli tedavi rejimleri önerilmiştir.

Arslan, Aynur/0000-0001-5968-5823; Cetin, Nihal/0000-0003-3233-8009; WOS: 000387526400001 PubMed: 27333839 Intestinal mucositis is one of the major problems in the patients receiving cancer treatment. Nimesulide is a drug with antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antiulcer features. We aimed to investigate the effect of nimesulide on the small intestine mucositis induced by methotrexate (MTX) in rats. Experimental animals were divided into the control group, MTX group (MTXG) and nimesulide+MTX administered group (NMTXG) with eight rats per group. the control and MTXG groups were given distilled water by gavage and the NMTXG was given nimesulide 100 mg/kg orally. After one hour, the NMTXG and MTXG rat groups were administered oral MTX 5 mg/kg. This procedure was repeated once a day for 15 days and the rats were sacrificed. the duodenum and jejunum of each rat was removed for the assessment of biochemical markers and histopathological evaluation. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were significantly higher in the duodenal and jejunal tissues of the animals which received MTX, compared to the control and NMTXG (P

WOS:000371377700005 PubMed: 26876679 Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common nutritional disorders in the world. In the present study, we evaluated erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition in premenopausal patients with IDA. Blood samples of 102 premenopausal women and 88 healthy control subjects were collected. After the erythrocytes were separated from the blood samples, the membrane lipids were carefully extracted, and the various membrane fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography (GC). Statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS software program. We used blood ferritin concentration

Background: Although the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia has not yet been fully clarified, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction have been suggested to occur in patients with fibromyalgia. In recent years, endocan has been reported as an important biomarker for inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. In this study, we investigated this mechanism by measuring the serum endocan levels in fibromyalgia patients. Methods: The serum samples collected from 37 female patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia for the first time and 43 healthy women were analysed in terms of the endocan levels and laboratory parameters, and the values from the two groups were compared. Results: In the patient group, the serum endocan level was found to be higher (p < 0.0001). Endocan had a significantly high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of fibromyalgia (area under curve: 0.897, cutoff value: 9.81 ng/mL, sensitivity: 88.5%, specificity: 89.7%). Conclusions: Subclinical inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are important in the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia. Increased endocan not only elucidates this mechanism but also presents as an important potential marker for fibromyalgia.

Aim: A 50 g glucose challenge test (GCT) is recommended for screening all pregnant women for gestational diabetes mellitus. In this study, the effect of GCT on the thiol/disulfide balance was investigated. Methods: One-hundredwomen that underwent a 50 g GCT at 24–28weeks of gestation (63 positive and 37 negative results) were evaluated in terms of thiol/disulfide in serum samples at test hours 0 and 1. Results: Compared to the baseline values (hour 0), after the glucose load (hour 1), the thiol and native thiol/total thiol (p

Cystitis is defined as an inflammation of the bladder caused by a bacterial infection, and it can be dangerous and painful when it spreads through the internal organs. In this study, antioxidant effects of hydroxylfasudil (HF) at the enzymatic and molecular level on kidney and liver tissues in cystitis rat model, which is caused by inflammation of the rat bladder with a protamine sulphate (PS), was examined. Quantitative changes of reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, which are a marker for oxidative stress, were determined in rat kidney and liver tissues for each groups. And then molecular and biochemical impact of HF treatment on antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in cystitis model were studied. The results suggest that HF could be beneficial to the renal and hepatic antioxidant system. Thus, HF might be used as a novel therapeutics agent to eliminate interstitial cystitis.

Objective: To investigate the effect of retrograde intra-renal surgery (RIRS) on kidneys using the myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX) enzyme. MIOX is a renal tubular-specific novel marker for the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury. Methods: A total of twenty seven individuals that had undergone RIRS to treat kidney stones were included in the study. Biochemical tests were performed on serum samples collected immediately before RIRS (hour 0) and at the 6th and 24th hours after the surgery. Results: The creatinine value at hour 6 was lower than the baseline (hour 0) value (p = 0.0305). Cystatin C at hour 6 was lower than the value measured at hour 24 (p = 0.0142). Similarly, MIOX was lower at hour 6 compared to hour 24 (p = 0.0214). MIOX/creatinine at hour 6 was lower than the value calculated at hour 24 (p = 0.0348). The basal values of MIOX and creatinine were found to have a positive correlation (correlation coefficient r = 0.5946, p = 0.0035). Conclusions: Similar to the serum creatinine, the serum MIOX level provides information about kidney functions. RIRS was confirmed to be a safe procedure for the treatment of acute kidney injury with no negative effects on the kidneys.