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A espécie Solanum americanum (maria-pretinha) é considerada planta daninha; por possuir elevada habilidade competitiva e agressividade, ela reduz a produtividade dos cultivos. O trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação e objetivou analisar o crescimento e a partição de assimilados em plantas de maria-pretinha submetidas a três níveis de sombreamento. As plantas foram coletadas em intervalos regulares de sete dias após o transplante até o final do ciclo, sendo determinada a massa seca e a área foliar. A partir dos dados primários, foi aplicada a análise de crescimento, sendo calculados a massa seca total (Wt), as taxas de produção de matéria seca (Ct), crescimento relativo (Rw) e assimilatória líquída (Ea), o índice de área foliar (L), as razões de área foliar (Fa) e massa foliar (Fw), a área foliar específica (Sa), a partição de matéria seca entre órgãos e o número de frutos. Plantas de maria-pretinha cresceram e se desenvolveram melhor sob condição intermediária de luz (65%), em que atingiram maior Wt, Ct, L, Fa, matéria seca de caule, matéria seca de fruto e maior número de frutos, enquanto a luz plena e a redução da luminosidade em nível acentuado, de maneira mais marcante, afetaram negativamente o crescimento e o desenvolvimento, o que possivelmente pode influenciar a habilidade competitiva da maria-pretinha.The species Solanum americanum (mary-nightshade) is considered a weed whose highly competitive ability and aggressiveness reduce crop productivity. This work was conducted under greenhouse conditions aiming to analyze the growth and partitioning of assimilates in mary-nightshade plants subjected to three levels of shading. The plants were collected at regular intervals of seven days after transplantation until the end of the cycle, with dry mass and leaf area being determined. Based on primary data , growth analysis was carried out to calculate total dry matter production (Wt), dry matter production rates (Ct), relative growth (R-w), net assimilation (Ea), leaf area index (L), relative growth of leaf area and ratios of leaf area (Fa) and leaf mass (Fw), specific leaf area (Sa) and dry matter partitioning between organs. Mary-nightshade plants showed a better growth and development under intermediate light conditions (35% shade), reaching higher Wt, Ct, L, Fa, stem dry matter, fruit dry matter and number of fruit. Full light and reduction of light at a more accentuated level had a negative effect on growth and development, a fact that may influence the competitive ability of these plants.

The objective of this work was to investigate the injuries caused to the photosynthetic apparatus of three types of rice exposed to application of imidazolinone group herbicides. Two experiments were conducted using herbicides Imazethapyr+imazapic and Imazapyr+imazapic, in a split-plot experimental design, and a 3 x 3 factorial, with six replications. The first factor (A) consisted of the herbicide rates 0, 100 e 200 g ha-1 of Imazethapyr+imazapic and 0, 140 e 280 g ha-1 of Imazapyr+imazapic; factor B consisted of type of rice (cv. Puitá Inta CL, sensitive red rice ecotype and red rice ecotype with suspected herbicide tolerance to Imidazolinone). Chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters were evaluated in plants at 30 days after herbicide application, using a portable fluorometer (HandyPEA, Hanstech). The photosynthetic metabolism of cv. Puitá Inta CL was found to tolerate commercial dosages of both herbicides. High sensitivity to the herbicides was observed for the sensitive red rice ecotype, while the photosynthetic apparatus of red rice ecotype with suspected herbicide tolerance showed high tolerance to both herbicides applied at rates higher than the commercial rate. The application of chemical herbicides of the imidazolinone group on rice plants causes changes in the photosynthetic metabolism of plants, detected by evaluating the emission of transient chlorophyll a fluorescence. This method can be useful in helping detect resistance and/or tolerance of red rice plants to herbicides of the imidazolinone group.