1. Virological and immunological features of SARS-CoV-2-infected children who develop neutralizing antibodies
- Author
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Nicola Cotugno, Alessandra Ruggiero, Francesco Bonfante, Maria Raffaella Petrara, Sonia Zicari, Giuseppe Rubens Pascucci, Paola Zangari, Maria Antonietta De Ioris, Veronica Santilli, E.C. Manno, Donato Amodio, Alessio Bortolami, Matteo Pagliari, Carlo Concato, Giulia Linardos, Andrea Campana, Daniele Donà, Carlo Giaquinto, Petter Brodin, Paolo Rossi, Anita De Rossi, Paolo Palma, Stefania Bernardi, Lorenza Romani, Paola Pansa, Sara Chiurchiú, Andrea Finocchi, Caterina Cancrini, Laura Lancella, Laura Cursi, Maia De Luca, Renato Cutrera, Libera Sessa, Elena Morrocchi, Chiara Medri, Lorenza Putignani, F.I. Calò Carducci, Patrizia D’Argenio, Marta Ciofi degli Atti, Carmen D’Amore, Livia Piccioni, Martina Di Giuseppe, Alessandro Jenkner, Carmela Giancotta, and Andrzej Krzysztofiak
- Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,0301 basic medicine ,Proteome ,viruses ,proteomic profiling ,antigen-specific CD4 T  ,Adaptive Immunity ,Antibodies, Viral ,Ab-mediated neutralization activity ,anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies ,antigen-specific B cells ,antigen-specific CD4 T cells ,COVID-19 ,pediatric COVID-19 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Antibodies, Neutralizing ,B-Lymphocytes ,Child ,Humans ,Immunity, Humoral ,Signal Transduction ,Viral Load ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,antigen-specific CD4 T cells ,Viral ,Lung ,Neutralizing ,Infectivity ,biology ,Humoral ,Acquired immune system ,Settore MED/38 ,Vaccination ,Antibody ,Viral load ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Article ,Antibodies ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Virus ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Immunity ,RNA, Messenger ,BNT162 Vaccine ,business.industry ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,030104 developmental biology ,Immunization ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,cells ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
As the global COVID-19 pandemic progresses, it is paramount to gain knowledge on adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in children to define immune correlates of protection upon immunization or infection. We analyzed anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and their neutralizing activity (PRNT) in 66 COVID-19-infected children at 7 (±2) days after symptom onset. Individuals with specific humoral responses presented faster virus clearance and lower viral load associated with a reduced in vitro infectivity. We demonstrated that the frequencies of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+CD40L+ T cells and Spike-specific B cells were associated with the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and the magnitude of neutralizing activity. The plasma proteome confirmed the association between cellular and humoral SARS-CoV-2 immunity, and PRNT+ patients show higher viral signal transduction molecules (SLAMF1, CD244, CLEC4G). This work sheds lights on cellular and humoral anti-SARS-CoV-2 responses in children, which may drive future vaccination trial endpoints and quarantine measures policies., Graphical abstract, Cotugno et al. show that neutralizing antibodies affect SARS-CoV-2 viral load in infected children. Antigen-specific B and T cells are positively associated with virus neutralization. This information provides a basis for defining SARS-CoV-2 adaptive responses in children.
- Published
- 2021