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Forecasts about future emotion are often inaccurate, so why do people rely on them to make decisions? People may forecast some features of their emotional experience better than others, and they may report relying on forecasts that are more accurate to make decisions. To test this, four studies assessed the features of emotion people reported forecasting to make decisions about their careers, education, politics, and health. In Study 1, graduating medical students reported relying more on forecast emotional intensity than frequency or duration to decide how to rank residency programs as part of the process of being matched with a program. Similarly, participants reported relying more on forecast emotional intensity than frequency or duration to decide which universities to apply to (Study 2), which presidential candidate to vote for (Study 3), and whether to travel as Covid-19 rates declined (Study 4). Studies 1 and 3 also assessed forecasting accuracy. Participants forecast emotional intensity more accurately than frequency or duration. People make better decisions when they can anticipate the future. Thus, people’s reports of relying on forecast emotional intensity to guide life-changing decisions, and the greater accuracy of these forecasts, provide important new evidence of the adaptive value of affective forecasts.

It has been the aim of the present prospective clinical study to assess the morbidity following the harvest of bone from the anterior and posterior ilium in elective preprosthetic augmentations. Fifty consecutive healthy patients (30 female, 20 male, mean age 52.5+/-9.3 years, range 31 years to 65 years) underwent augmentations of implant sites by iliac crest bone grafts. The bone harvest was carried out in 25 cases from the anterior and in 25 cases from the posterior ilium. The superficial sensory function of the skin was determined quantitatively preoperatively, 7 and 30 days after surgery with the 'Pain and Thermal Sensitivity' Test (PATH Test). On the same occasions subjective pain on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and gait disturbances were documented. In the PATH Test, for the innervation areas of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) and the superior and middle cluneal nerves (SMCN) a significant impairment of the superficial sensory function could be found after 1 week and a significant tendency towards recovery after 1 month (warm stimulus(FCNpreop) 37.9+/-3.0 degrees C, warm stimulus(LFCNday7): 38.6+/-3.2 degrees C, warm stimulus(LFCNday30): 37.9+/-2.9 degrees C, P(LFCNwarmpreop/day7)=0.023,P(LFCNwarmpreop/day30) =0.886, warm stimulus(SMCNpreop): 36.1+/-2.4 degrees C, warm stimulus(SMCNday7): 36.6+/-2.3 degrees C, warm stimulus(SMCNday30): 36.3+/-4.0 degrees C,P(SMCNwarmpreop/day7)0.0005,P(SMCNwarmpreop/day30) =0.086). Gait disturbances were seen in seven patients after anterior and in three patients after posterior bone harvest 7 days after surgery (P(gaitdisturbanceanterior/posterior)=0.123). After 1 month none of the patients of both groups showed gait disturbances any longer. The maximum subjective pain level was found on the second postoperative day in both groups. It was significantly higher for the anterior approach (VAS(anteriorday2) 7.0+/-1.5, VAS(posteriorday2) 5.5+/-1.8,P(VASanterior/posteriorday2) =0.004). At day 7 and at day 30, the pain levels did no longer differ significantly (VAS(anteriorday7) 3.7+/-1.4, VAS(posteriorday7) 3.2+/-1.6,P(VASanterior/posteriorday7) =0.165, VAS(anteriorday30) 1.4+/-0.7, VAS(posteriorday30) 1.4+/-0.8,P(VASanterior/posteriorday30) =0.724). Because of the lower morbidity of bone harvest from the posterior ilium in the early postoperative phase compared to the anterior approach it seems that it should be preferred in elective augmentation procedures.

Straightening of curved GaP whishers is recorded which is observed during their growth. The morphology of not completely straightened whiskers is investigated. It is found that the whiskers are bent and that the bending is independent of special growth directions. It is assumed that the convection of the ambient gas and electrical charges are mainly responsible for the bending. The straightening seems to be chiefly a recovering process by dislocation and grain boundary migration.

The growth of iodine single crystals by physical vapor transport has been photographed during the transient between two pressure equilibrium states. The equilibrium interface appears convexly rounded toward the vapor and can be approximated by an ellipsoid of revolution. The observed shape can be reproduced by numerical modeling. Facets are observed during growth only. Rounded faces are found to be formed by lateral growth.

The detailed morphology of GeS monocrystals (space group Pbnm, orthorhombic b > a > c)grown from the vapor by the Pizzarello method is presented. The observed faces belong to the four zones [100], [001], [101] and [10 1 ]. The size of the faces is greatly enlarged when growth is carried out in the presence of inert vapors. Some of the growth planes display pits which are identified as the emergence sites of dislocations. The observed order of importance of the different planes is qualitatively explained by the PBC theory.

Gallium phosphide whiskers with triangular cross sections are examined by chemical etching and scanning electron microscope. The growth habit is evaluated in detail. The whiskers consist alternatively of three small and three large segments which are symmetrically positioned along the whisker axis. Small and large segments display two dimensional defect structures. These faults are interpreted as growth twin boundaries. It is suggested that the twinning accounts for the particular shape of the whiskers.

Crystal growth of iodine by physical vapor transport in a closed ampoule is investigated during the transition after a sudden change of the supersaturation. Time-position curves are analysed for different normal directions of the interface. For sufficiently high mass transfer the BCF parabolic growth relation is confirmed for facets.

The use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for the study of morphology of small crystals is described. Intersection angles of as-grown faces can be measured and horizontal projections of the crystal can be obtained as the SEM image is nearly an orthogonal parallel projection.