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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with translocation t(17;19)(q21-q22;p13) TCF3::HLF (E2A::HLF) accounts for less than 1% of childhood B-lineage ALL. Since the first description, patients with this type of ALL are stratified into high-risk group. The disease often has a unique clinical presentation with disseminated intravascular coagulation and hypercalcemia, that are uncommon in other types of B-lineage ALL. This type of ALL is characterized by an extremely poor prognosis despite intensive treatment and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in the first remission. In the last decade, some new data on the mechanisms of leukemogenesis in this type of ALL made it possible to come closer to understanding the reasons for the high refractoriness to chemotherapeutic agents. Along with the reports on the possible effectiveness of the BCL-2 (venetoclax) and Aurora kinase A (alisertib) inhibitors in this type of ALL, cellular immunotherapy (various chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell constructs), anti-CD19 (blinatumomab) and anti-CD22 (inotuzumab ozogamicin) monoclonal antibodies appear promising in the treatment of this disease. To date, there are neither published data on direct comparisons of the effectiveness of these methods nor specific recommended therapy protocols for these patients. It is also unclear if the new therapeutic approaches can completely replace HSCT or they only increase relapse-free survival after it. Here, we review the data on this translocation published in the medical literature and present a case report of a 3-year-old boy with this type of leukemia, who did not respond to four-component induction therapy according to the ALL-MB 2015 Protocol and received anti-CD19 CAR-T therapy with the achievement of the first MRD (minimal residual disease)-negative remission, which lasted 11 months. After MRD-relapse and unsuccessful attempt at therapy with autologous CD19/CD22 CAR-T cells, the patient developed an extended isolated bone marrow relapse. He achieved the second MRD-negative remission after reinduction therapy with inotuzumab ozogomycin and received allogeneic HSCT from a related donor. At the time of writing, the patient is in complete molecular remission for 16 months after transplantation. The patient's parents have consented to the use of de-identified clinical information and photos of the patient in scientific research and publications.

Water caltrop Trapa natans L. is a relic aquatic plant protected in 36 regions of Russia. The most northern and isolated populations of this plant in Southern Ural and Altai are poorly studied. The results of a chemical analysis of water and aquarium culture experiments revealed that this plant could tolerate a wide range of environmental factors. The species appear to be sensitive to chlorides and low water temperatures, but resistant to sulfate salinization. Human factors are the main threats to the northern populations of water caltrop, which in Altai has already resulted in the extinction of this plant in Lake Aya and population declines in lakes Manzherok and Kanonerskoye.

The possibility of using preparations limiting toxemia and hypoxia, in particular inhibitors of proteoletic enzymes and antihypoxants, as preparations having immunoprotective activity is considered. Under the conditions of the experimental model of severe mechanical injury on mice-hybrids of the first generation F1 (CBAC57BL6), the immunoprotective activity of such antihypoxants as amtisol and a derivative of 1, 2, 4-triazino-5, 6 indole, as well as a counterkal, a drug limiting toxemia and a cationoacceptor preparation of dimexide, administered to immunized erythythermal It has been shown that in the body of mice receiving antihypoxants, contrical and dimexide accumulate significantly more antibody-forming cells compared to their number in animals of the control group. Thus, amtisol, a derivative of 1, 2, 4-triazino-5, 6 indole, contrical and dimexide can be considered not only as preparations for pathogenetic therapy of trauma, but also as immunoprotectors drugs that indirectly limit the formation of post-traumatic immunodeficiency and the risk of infection in an immunocompromised host. The risk of infectious complications and the generalization of the inflammatory process in patients after severe mechanical injury is more than 50%. Prevention of infectious complications of traumatic disease should be comprehensive and aimed at correcting the function of the immune system.

CRISPR/Cas genome editing of plants is realized in three basic variants, including knockout mutations as indels, insertion of alien DNA fragments, and base editing via deamination of nitrogenous bases. The most important stages of the CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing are the choice of a target site, design of guide RNAs, creation of genetically engineered constructions, and delivery of CRISPR/Cas components into a plant cell. Rapid developments in the field of plant genome editing with the use of CRISPR/Cas systems requires more detailed consideration of the last stage, so this review is dedicated to the description of the main ways to deliver CRISPR/Cas components into cells of higher plants. In the first studies on the genome editing of different plant species, these components were delivered to the target site mainly by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. This approach supposes integration of T-DNA into a genome and a stable expression of CRISPR/Cas components or their transient expression in the case of agroinfiltration. Another widespread approach included the use of plant viruses as delivery platforms; in this case, viruses were used mainly for production of an increased amount of guide RNAs that significantly improved the efficiency of genome editing. Another approach provides for the use of another bacterium, A. rhizogenes, as a platform for delivery of CRISPR/Cas components. This bacterium induces hairy root formation that may be an indirect confirmation of successful genome editing and assist in the selection of genetically modified forms. Other common ways to obtain genetically edited plants are the biolistic delivery of genetically engineered constructions into explants and various protoplast transformation technologies. The review also considers some issues transgenic and GM status of CRISPR/Cas-edited plants to transgenic and GM plants. There are a number of cases in which new organisms created by a CRISPR/Cas genome editing without any introduction of alien DNA were not considered as transgenic ones; it is quite possible that such plants will not fall under Russian legislation prohibiting GMO cultivation.

The paper discusses the forms and characteristics of partial discharges (PD) obtained as a result of modeling in the Multisim environment. An attempt is made to establish the relationship between the electrical parameters of the source, in particular, the inductance of the isolation between the source and the location of the PD and the form of the electrical signal of the partial discharge in the generalized model of the power transformer. An attempt is also made to create a generalized model of a power transformer with an electric defect inside the insulation of its windings. The method of monitoring the technical condition of high-voltage electrical equipment by fixing the characteristics of partial discharges is one of the methods that allows you to obtain information about possible defects in the insulation of electrical equipment. The electrical contact method of controlling the characteristics PD is one of the most sensitive methods for obtaining such information. The construction of most of the characteristics PD according to GOST and IEC gives comprehensive information on the processes of electrical equipment occurring inside the insulation. Unfortunately, the huge flow of information, as well as its excessive volume, makes it difficult to interpret the results of control and testing. There is also a huge amount of data that will project to each other. In particular, PD waveforms can have a completely different appearance, and it is necessary to take into account both the object of the test and its operating conditions.

The study is aimed at developing methods for creating plants rich in anthocyanins using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology to improve consumer and agricultural properties.

In vitro and aquarium cultures of water caltrop were obtained. Optimal conditions of cultivation were determined. The cultures were subjected to Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated and biolistic transformation.

Transgenic plants Nicotiana tabacum, Brassica napus, B. rapa, Eruca sativa with target gene AtGSTF11 were created. Their stress resistance is being studied.

We studied 11 populations of rare species Iris pumila and I. scariosa in Southern Urals. Sequencing of four different genetic markers was performed for the first time.

The purpose was to study the clinical and epidemiological features of respiratory syncytial virus infection in hospitalized children the first year of life with lower respiratory tract diseases in different regions of the Russian Federation (Russia) during the 2015–2016 epidemic season.Materials and methods: in the original study data of a multicentre observational study conducted on the basis of children’s hospitals in St. Petersburg, Arkhangelsk, Kazan, and Saratov are presented. Etiology of acute respiratory viral infections were confirmed by examination of smears from the posterior pharyngeal wall by polymerase chain reaction. The study sample included 991 child’s first year of life with lesions of the lower respiratory tract.Results. In the etiological structure of the surveyed children in the season of 2015-2016, RSVI ranged from 14% to 46,2%, an average of 33%. RSVI dominated in the Centers of St. Petersburg (38,3%), Arkhangelsk (36.2%) and Kazan (42.5 per cent).RSVI significantly more often (pThus, the high prevalence of RSVI among children in the first year of life, especially with heavy and complicated forms of lower respiratory tract disorders requiring intensive care benefits, represents a socially important issue, which requires monitoring for effective prevention in children at risk.

Glutathione is the most important part of a plant’s antioxidant defense system. Two enzymes are involved in cellular glutathione biosynthesis: glutamylcysteine ligase and glutathione synthetase, of which the latter catalyzes the transfer of glycine to the glutamylcysteine dipeptide. Transgenic plants with an elevated expression level of the glutathione synthetase genes are known to be tolerant to heavy metals. However, our knowledge on their tolerance to other types of the abiotic stress is insufficient. The goal of this study is to produce transgenic tobacco plants with a constitutive expression of the glutathione synthetase gene BnGSH from rapeseed and to estimate their growth parameters under the normal conditions, as well as under the effects of salt, drought, and cold stresses. We generate 17 lines of transgenic plants with the rapeseed BnGSH gene under the control of the 35S promoter by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The transgene presence is confirmed by the PCR and histochemical analysis of the activity of the GUS reporter gene. Twelve lines with the highest expression level of the BnGSH gene are chosen based on the results of RT-PCR. The following morphological parameters are measured: stem height, leaf area, flower length, fresh and dry weights of shoots, and root length. Some transgenic plants demonstrated increased productivity both under normal conditions and under the effect of a high salinity stress. However, no change in the tolerance to drought and cold was observed in the transgenic plants.

The role of xyloglucan endotransglycosylases in the regulation and promotion of plant growth in response to such widespread stress factors as drought, salinization, and hypothermia remains poorly understood. The tXET-B2 (SlXTH10) gene encodes one of the xyloglucan endotransglycosylases of tomato, which is most closely related in the nucleotide sequence to the AtXTH15 and AtXTH16 genes of Arabidopsis thaliana. At present, the specific functions of the tXET-B2 gene, as well as of its homologs, AtXTH15 and AtXTH16, remain obscure. To study the role of tXET-B2 in the regulation of growth and adaptation to abiotic stress factors, transgenic tobacco plants with estradiol-inducible expression of the tomato tXET-B2 gene were generated. Overexpression of this gene promoted tobacco root growth in a medium containing 50 mM NaCl. Under drought conditions, exogenous treatment with estradiol resulted in a considerable increase in fresh and dry weight in many of the studied transgenic lines. Under normal conditions, as well as under salinization and hypothermia stress, such positive effect was detected only for some transgenic lines. The obtained data point to the possibility of using genetically engineered constructs of the tXET-B2 gene to correct growth parameters of transgenic plants under the influence of stress factors.

The peculiarities of root growth and stress tolerance of transgenic tobacco plants with constitutive expression of NtEXPA1 and NtEXPA5 genes, as well as plants with reduced expression of NtEXPA4 gene encoding α-expansins of Nicotiana tabacum, were studied during prolonged cultivation under conditions of drought, salinity, and low positive temperatures. Increased expression of expansin genes led to an increase in the growth rate and root length both under normal plant growth conditions and at 12°C and 50 mM NaCl. Increased expression of expansin genes influenced the changes in the fresh and dry mass of a shoot, leading to an increase in their exposure to hypothermia. Transgenic plants with a reduced level of NtEXPA4 expansin gene expression were characterized by a reduction in the fresh and dry weight of a shoot due to drought and low positive temperatures. The totality of the data obtained may indicate the involvement of NtEXPA1, NtEXPA4, and NtEXPA5 tobacco expansin genes in the regulation of growth under hypothermia, drought, and salinity.

The genes of α-expansins of woody plants are of great interest for genetic engineering, since they can potentially be used to improve the tree growth parameters. In the flora of Russia, model woody plants for plant biotechnology are aspen (Populus tremula L.) and black poplar (Populus nigra L.). The objective of this study was to determine the role of α-expansin-encoding genes, aspen PtrEXPA3 and black poplar PnEXPA3, in the regulation and maintenance of woody plant growth. To achieve this goal, the PtrEXPA3 expression level were determined upon exogenous phytohormone treatment, the action of stress factors, and constitutive expression of the PnARGOS-LIKE gene. In addition, transgenic aspen plants with constitutive expression of the black poplar PnEXPA3 gene were generated, and their morphological analysis was carried out. The highest PtrEXPA3 mRNA level was detected in young intensely growing aspen leaves, and furthermore, expression of the gene was induced by exogenous cytokinins and auxins. In response to NaCl and constitutive expression of the PnARGOS-LIKE gene, the PtrEXPA3 mRNA level decreased. Transgenic aspen plants with constitutive PnEXPA3 expression were characterized by the decreased size of leaves, petioles, and internodes, as well as the increased size of leaf epidermal cells, while the stem size remained unchanged. Taken together, the data obtained enable the suggestion that the PtrEXPA3 and PnEXPA3 genes encode cytokinin- and auxin-regulated, leaf-specific expansins that are involved in the cell expansion.

Anthocyanin hyperaccumulation is an important agricultural trait, associated with resistance to abiotic stress, pests, phytopathogenic fungi and bacterial diseases. B. napus with increased anthocyanin pigmentation can be generated by genome editing. Many transcription factors of the MYB family are involved in stress response and anthocyanin biosynthesis. Genes AtMYB60, AtCPC and AtMYBL2 are negative regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis, therefore the knockout of these genes can result in increased anthocyanin pigmentation. gRNA spacers were synthesized to target the orthologs of these genes, identified in Brassica napus. Resulting genetic constructs were introduced to the plant tissues by agroinfiltration. Transient expression of gRNAs targeting DNA-binding domains of MYB transcription factors along with Cas9 nuclease successfully promoted anthocyanin hyperaccumulation. These genetic constructs can be used for genome editing and production of new colored and stress tolerant varieties of oilseed rape.

Amaranth is a new and promising crop for the Russian climate, notable for its well-balanced amino acid composition. Yield increase using the methods of genetic engineering is a challenging task. We generated transgenic plants of amaranth with expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana ARGOS-LIKE gene under the control of the dahlia mosaic virus promoter. We achieved 1.4% transformation effectiveness. In comparison with wild-type amaranth, we observed a 21% increase in stem length, 79% increase in leaf length, and 190% increase in fresh weight of transgenic plants. It was shown that ARGOS-LIKE gene of A. thaliana along with the dahlia mosaic virus promoter can be used to increase primarily the green weight of shoot and leaf size of amaranth.

We identified a Populus nigra auxin-regulated gene involved in organ size (PnARGOS)-LIKE, encoding one organ size related protein in black poplar. It is homologous to AtARGOS and AtARGOS-LIKE genes of Arabidopsis thaliana. ABRE-like, G-box, GATA and I-box motifs were discovered in the promoter region of the poplar ARGOS-LIKE gene. In wild type aspen (Populus tremula) plants, an ortholog of the PnARGOS-LIKE gene (PtrARGOS-LIKE) was noticeably expressed in actively dividing and expanding young leaves and calli, whereas its mRNA content increased in response to exogenous 6-benzylaminopurine, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, and 24-epibrassinolide. Expression of the PtrARGOS-LIKE gene was reduced under a salinity treatment. In addition, we generated transgenic tobacco and aspen plants with an up-regulated expression of the PnARGOS-LIKE gene. A constitutive expression of the gene contributed to an increase in size of stems and leaves of the transgenic tobacco plants. In the transgenic aspen, a constitutive expression of the PnARGOS-LIKE gene promoted an increase in the frequency of leaf initiations and in leaf length and area. The size of transgenic tobacco and aspen leaves increased due to the enlargement of individual cells. The results show the significance of the PnARGOS-LIKE gene for control of leaf initiation and organ growth by cell expansion in poplar.

In this paper, we present transgenic rape plants overexpressing the ARGOS-LIKE gene from Arabidopsis thaliana that have been obtained by the floral dip method. The transformation success rate for rape cultivars of Hanna and Ratnik averaged at 10%. In comparison with control wild-type plants, transgenic plants showed the greater organ size: 27% in the stem length, 58% in the leaf length, 40% in the leaf width, 22% in corolla diameter, 23% in seed volume and 29% in seed weight. The lower epidermis cell area in transgenic plants increased on average by 18%. It was shown that the ARGOS-LIKE gene from A. thaliana along with the promoter of dahlia mosaic virus can be used for the enlargement of organ size in rape.

From 1990 to 2009, at the Research Institute for OBCs were examined and treated 62 children with testicular germ cell tumors. The average age of our patients was 3.7 years (range 3 months to 15 years). All children performed a study of tumor markers titer, ultrasound. In 14 children identified metastases. Surgical treatment is the first stage in the volume orhifunikulektomii conducted all 62 children. Retroperitoneal limfoadenektomiya made in 4 children and 5 children underwent thoracotomy with removal of metastases in the lung. Drug treatment was performed in 47 children with malignant germ cell tumor. Using a combined method in the treatment of malignant testicular tumors led to 100 % relapse-free and overall survival.

Hybrid plants were obtained by pollination of a Nicotiana rustica and Nicotiana tabacum Black Cuban cultivar with pollen from transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants of a Petit Havana SR1 cultivar bearing the ARGOS-LIKE and AtEXPA10 genes. RT-PCR analysis showed high levels of ARGOS-LIKE and AtEXPA10 expression in the hybrids, which resulted in increased sizes of their leaves and stems. The organs of both transgenic and hybrid plants were enlarged due to the enlargement of individual cells. The inheritance was stable, while their phenotypic effects varied from insignificant to levels exceeding those in the parental transgenic plants.

При решении клинических задач в лечении сахарного диабета врачу-диабетологу часто приходится принимать во внимание особенности психо-эмоционального статуса больного, влияющего на течение и клинические проявления заболевания. Эти особенности необходимо учитывать при выборе терапевтической тактики, которая должна быть индивидуальной для каждого пациента. К таким особенностям психо-эмоционального статуса относятся и проявления так называемого синдрома Мюнхгаузена. Синдром Мюнхгаузена (патологическая симуляция; самокалечение; искусственная хроническая болезнь; ?больничное бродяжничество?) ? это повторяющаяся имитация болезни ? обычно ?эффектной?, острой и достаточно серьезной ? больными, кочующими из одной клиники в другую с требованиями лечения. Возможна имитация самых разнообразных заболеваний. Тем не менее, это расстройство, по своей сути психическое, намного более сложное, чем просто банальная симуляция, и часто связано с серьезными эмоциональными нарушениями.

Актуальность. Микроциркуляторные сосудистые нарушения при сахарном диабете (СД) носят вторичный характер, но необходимость их коррекции выходит на первый план, так как они являются причиной стойких, некупируемых сахароснижающими препаратами патологических состояний (нефропатия, ретинопатия и др.), ведущих к инвалидизации. Имеются данные о влиянии пиявита на реологические свойства крови, васкулярно-тромбоцитарный гемостаз, липидный обмен, атерогенез. Цель. Изучение влияния Пиявита на реологические свойства крови, васкулярно-тромбоцитарный гемостаз, липидный обмен, атерогенез. Материалы и методы Обследовано 30 человек: 22 больных сахарным диабетом 2 типа в возрасте от 41 года до 67 лет и 8 больных с СД 1 типа в возрасте от 17 до 42 лет. 13 пациентов с СД 2 получали инсулин и сахароснижаюшие препараты, 9 ? только сахароснижаюшие препараты. Все больные СД 1 типа находились на инсулинотерапии. На фоне указанных методов лечения больным назначали Пиявит. Лечение пиявитом проводили в течение 3 нед. по 300 мг 2 раза в день. Результаты. Данные свидетельствуют об улучшении показателей липидного обмена: снижении уровня холестерина сыворотки крови и триглицеридов. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о снижении гиперкогуляционного потенциала крови и усилении фибринолитической активности крови под влиянием пиявита. Выводы. На фоне лечения пиявитом у больных сахарным диабетом отмечено улучшение показателей липидного обмена и системы гемостаза. Пиявит можно рекомендовать для комплексной терапии больных сахарным диабетом 1 и 2 типа.