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ObjectiveThe primary goal of this study was to evaluate the association between olfactory dysfunction or taste impairment and disease severity and radiological findings in coronavirus disease-2019. The secondary goal was to assess the prevalence, severity and course of olfactory dysfunction or taste impairment in patients with coronavirus disease 2019.MethodThis prospective observational cohort study evaluated patients hospitalised with coronavirus disease 2019 between April 1 and 1 May 2020. Olfactory dysfunction and taste impairment were evaluated by two questionnaires. Chest computed tomography findings and coronavirus disease-2019 severity were assessed.ResultsAmong 133 patients, 23.3 per cent and 30.8 per cent experienced olfactory dysfunction and taste impairment, respectively, and 17.2 per cent experienced both. The mean age was 56.03 years, and 64.7 per cent were male and 35.3 per cent were female. No statistically significant association was found between olfactory dysfunction (p = 0.706) and taste impairment (p = 0.35) with either disease severity or chest computed tomography grading.ConclusionOlfactory dysfunction or taste impairment does not have prognostic importance in patients with coronavirus disease 2019.

Despite successful septoplasty surgery, some patients still complain of nasal obstruction (NO).Our aim in the present study is to determine whether preoperative computed tomographic (CT) parameters have prognostic significance for the success of septoplasty.Retrospective data from 61 patients in a secondary care hospital who had undergone septoplasty met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The effects of demographic and preoperative CT parameters (internal nasal valve [INV], external nasal valve area, angle of septal deviation, choana area, aperture pyriformis area, high septal deviation [HSD], transverse diameter of midnose, anterior/posterior deviation, concha and meatus diameter [superior, middle, inferior]) were studied in relation to the change in NOSE scores and the success of surgery.Of the 61 patients studied, 31 were male (51%) aged 18-55 years with a mean age ± SD (26.59 ± 9.41). It was found that the changes in NOSE scores were significantly different from each other (Preoperative CT parameters are informative, but do not predict the postoperative success of septoplasty.

Introduction/Background Vascular malformations and variations are commonly recognized in pelvic and paraaortic area which makes retroperitoneal surgery challenging. Laparoscopic approach is gaining popularity in every aspect of gynecologic oncology and vascular complications could rarely occur in these regions. Laparoscopic surgeon should be aware of and prepared for vascular complications which carry a high morbidity rate. Methodology Video presentation of four cases Results In this video in the first two cases the management of bleeding due to injury to branhces of hypogastric artery (vesical and obturatory) during laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy is presented. The third case is about management of plexus bleeding just above the anteriror vertebral ligament in interaorticocaval region during laparoscopic paraaortic lymphadenectomy. Fourth case presents an aberrant ovarian artery located just under IMA which was recognized and preserved without any complications in paraaaortic lymphadenectomy. Conclusion There is a small but significant risk of vascular injury and related morbidities in laparoscopic pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy due to vascular anomalies, variations, suboptimal visiulisation of surgical field and patient parameters such as obesity and previous surgeries. Laparoscopic surgeon should be familiar with vascular complications and should be able to manage the complicaitons to mimimize the morbidity related to vasuclar injury. Disclosure Nothing to disclose

Objectives The purpose of the study was that monitoring, which is used in diagnosis of acute appendicitis, and laboratory values, were evaluated for verifying diagnosis of complicated appendicitis and these parameters revealed cut-off values in complicated acute/non-complicated appendicitis. Methods 195 patients, who had had an operation for acute appendicitis between January 2012 and March 2015 and who were proved to have acute complicated/non-complicated appendicitis from the results of histopathology consideration, were included in this study. Patients' age, preoperative serum, WBC, CRP, NLR and BT with USG results were evaluated. RESULTS: Among the groups, there were no meaningful differences in the sense of age. Meaningful difference was obtained in between (p > 0.05), WBC, NLR, CRP and appendix diameter values.Serum in WBC >13800 (AUC = 0.614, p = 0.006, %95 GA: 0.541-0.682), in NLR > 4.87 (AUC = 0.641, p = 0.001, %95 GA: 0.569-0.708), in CRP > 5.98 (AUC = 0.651, p 11 mm (AUC = 0.630, p = 0.002, %95 GA: 0.558-0.698) values were obtained. The values that were obtained, were confirmed to be descriptive in analysis of complicated appendicitis and non-complicated appendicitis.According to the obtained cut-off values, serum WBC, diameter of appendicitis, NLR and CRP values', (OR) ratios were calculated for complicated appendicitis by being classified (odds ratio respectively; 3.103 (1.713-5.621), 2.765 (1.496-5.109), 3.025 (1.665-5.494), 2.313 (1.295-4.130)). Conclusion It is important that treatment options are evaluated to be able to discriminate complicated appendicitis fast and with a high accuracy. In the case that serum WBC is higher than 13800. CRP is higher than 5.98, NLR is higher than 4.87 and appendicitis diameter is longer than 11mm, inflammation of appendicitis is complex with gangrene, perforation and abscess and it emphasizes the suggestion of surgical treatment option to patients (Tab. 4, Fig. 1, Ref. 28).

7th International Symposium on Edible Alliaceae -- MAY 21-25, 2015 -- Nigde, TURKEY WOS: 000392629000026 This study was conducted to investigate the effects of salt stress on proline, chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, sodium, calcium, potassium, chloride (Cl) contents of some onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars. Seeds of Akgun-12', 'Besirli-77', 'Beyaz Kirmasi, 'Kantartopu-3', 'Metan-88' and 'Texas Early Grano' were germinated in peat material and transferred to plastic pots after 21 days of sowing. The plants have been grown in vermiculite by substrate culture technique. The early plant stage (63 days old plant) was used for screening studies. Three different salinity levels (0-control, 50 mM and 125 mM NaCl) were tested under greenhouse conditions. After six weeks of transferring, leaf parts were isolated and studied for physiological and mineral analyses. Cultivars showed different responses to NaCI. Increased salinity levels resulted in decreased chlorophyll-and carotenoids, increased proline. The sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl-) contents of plants were significantly affected by salinity in all cultivars. Int Soc Hort Sci Republic of Turkey, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies This research was supported by the Republic of Turkey, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies.

Using AutoCAD, we examined the microleakage of dye at the edges of primary-teeth restorations using three glass ionomer-based restorative materials.A total of 30 extracted noncarious primary molars were used. Class V cavities were adjusted on the buccal surfaces. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups of 10 teeth each as follows: Group A (Ketac Molar), Group B (Photac Fil), and Group C (Dyract XP). All specimens were stored for 24 h at 37°C in distilled water. The teeth were thermocycled 1000 times between 5°C ± 2°C and 55°C ± 2°C before immersion in 0.5% basic fuchsin for 24 h. Two mesiodistal cuts of each tooth were photographed under a stereomicroscope equipped with a digital camera. The dye-infiltrated surface area was measured. Statistical evaluations were performed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Levene test, one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey's honestly significant difference test.The mean microleakage ratio differed significantly among the groups (P0.05). Group C exhibited a significantly smaller area (P0.001) than the other groups. Group A had a nonsignificantly higher mean microleakage value than Group B (P0.05).Polyacid-modified composite resin may be a useful restorative material in primary teeth in terms of minimizing microleakage.

The evolution of the rate of flux creep along the major hysteresis envelopes in a Y0.5Lu0.5Ba2Ca3O y sample synthesized by a modified melt powder melt growth (MPMG) method at 25 K has been investigated. Magnetic relaxation rates depend strongly on the prior magnetic history. Calculations based on the critical state model can reproduce quite well the experimental data for magnetization when we have chosen the field exponent n = 0.3 in critical current density, J c(H a) = J c0/(H a−I M) n , where I M = H a when 0 < H < H c1 and $I_{\mathrm {M}} =H_{\mathrm {c}1}^{p+1} /H_{\mathrm {a}}^{p} $ when H a ≥ H c1. Using the field-cooled magnetization M FC data as well as the comparison of experimental and calculated M–H hysteresis loop, we estimated H c1 = 500 Oe, p = 0, and the penetration field H ∗ = 20 kOe. The apparent pinning energy was estimated as 62 meV for the remanent magnetization upon an excursion of 40 kOe.

Water triple-point cells are the basis for the definition of the kelvin and for the realization of the International Temperature Scale of 1990. The temperature differences between the cells are mainly caused by impurities arising in the cell water from the dissolution of the cell envelope (borosilicate glass or quartz). In order to investigate the effects of such impurities on the realized triple-point temperature, water triple-point cells doped with known amounts of Si and Na impurities ( $$0.1\,{\upmu }\hbox {mol}{\cdot }\hbox {mol}^{{-1}}$$ to $$1\,{\upmu }\hbox {mol}{\cdot }\hbox {mol}^{{-1}}$$ of Si and $$0.2\,{\upmu }\hbox {mol}{\cdot }\hbox {mol}^{{-1}}$$ to $$2\,{\upmu }\hbox {mol}{\cdot }\hbox {mol}^{{-1}}$$ of Na) were manufactured at VSL by adding gravimetric mixtures of a Si standard reference material and ultra high-purity water to the cell high-purity water. Water samples were taken from the manufactured cells, partitioned into three samples, and distributed to different laboratories for isotope and impurity analysis (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICPMS). The results of two independent ICPMS analyses were compared with impurity calculations based on the gravimetric data of the prepared mixtures and manufactured cells. One undoped cell manufactured by UME and one undoped cell manufactured by VSL were intercompared at both VSL and SMD to demonstrate the equivalence of the manufacturing processes of UME and VSL. The triple-point temperatures realized by the doped cells and the undoped cell manufactured by VSL were measured at SMD. The results showed that, in doped cells, the equilibration time after the last freezing is directly dependent on the impurity concentration, and the temperature depression of doped triple-point-of-water cells is significantly greater than the values predicted by Raoult’s law for an ideal dilute solution.

We report on magnetic behavior of Y 1−xLu xBa 2 Ca 3 O 7−δ (x= 0, 0.5) samples synthesized by a modified melt powder melt growth (MPMG) method at three different sintering temperatures (920, 930, 940 ∘C). Isothermal magnetization measurements were done as a function of magnetic field at 20 and 77 K upon zero-field cooling (ZFC) process. The critical current densities as a function of magnetic field have been estimated from M–H hysteresis loop. Partial Lu substitution for Y on YBCO superconductors improved significantly the bulk critical current density, which is confirmed by field-cooled magnetization and AC susceptibility measurements. Magnetic relaxation measurement has been carried out in remanent magnetization regime. AC susceptibility measurements have been performed as a function of temperature to determine the transition temperature.

The aim of this study is to obtain further information about the source of proton relaxation in the Mn(II)-human serum albumin complex. For this purpose, proton relaxation rates in albumin solutions 1/T 1 and 1/T 2 were measured versus increasing amounts of manganese [Mnt]. The fractions of manganese bound to albumin [Mnb] and free manganese [Mnf] were then determined from proton relaxation rate enhancement data. Paramagnetic contributions of bound manganese to the observed relaxation rates (1/T 1p * )b and (1/T 2p * )b were also determined. Finally, the (1/T 2p * )b/(1/T 1p * )b ratio was used in a derived equation to estimate an effective correlation time τ. Mean τ value of the complex was found to be in the order of 3 ns, while the hydration number of bound manganese q was estimated to be about 4. The 1/τ was found to be the sum of the inverse values of rotational correlation time 1/τ r, mean residence time of water in hydration spheres of the complex 1/τ m, and longitudinal electronic relaxation time of manganese 1/τ s in the complex. In conclusion, the relaxation mechanism in albumin solutions containing Mn(II) can be interpreted through dipolar and scalar interactions modulated by τ r, τ m and τ s. This analysis enables one to get reasonable figures for the τ r and q of Mn(II) in albumin solution.

A Comité Consultatif pour la Quantité de Matière (CCQM) inter-laboratory comparison program, CCQM-P97, for the analysis of cadmium and lead in Herba Demodii Styracifolii was organized by the Hong Kong Government Laboratory. The objective of the program was to establish comparability of trace metals analysis in herbal matrices amongst the participating national metrology institutes. The arithmetic mean values of the 13 participants were 0.3186 mg kg−1 (RSD = 11.3%) and 1.650 mg kg−1 (RSD = 11.0%) for cadmium and lead, respectively. The participants using double-isotope dilution mass spectrometry technique for their quantification were found to provide similar mean values to those of non-isotope dilution mass spectrometry users. The observation indicated that trace metal analysis in herbal matrices was not method-dependent, but the use of the highest metrological IDMS approach gave a better precision than other routine calibration methods.

A rare case of persistent hypoglossal artery in conjuction with a ruptured aneurysm at the left proximal posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) is presented. A ruptured PICA aneurysm was successfully treated by endovascular occlusion of the aneurym with coiling.

Extra gastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGIST) are reported in different sites and organs. This tumors are rare in gynecologic apparatus. Here the authors report an uterine unique tumor represented as intramural leiomyoma. Because of different treatment options, clinicians should be aware of this rare tumor which may be located in uterus and confused with a smooth muscle tumor.

Introduction Renal transplantation is the optimum treatment to improve the quality and length of life in end-stage renal disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate patients who underwent renal transplantation in our transplantation center and to present our clinical experience. Methods Living donor and cadaveric renal transplants performed in the Transplantation Center of Sanko University Medical School between 2011 and 2014 were evaluated retrospectively. In our study, important parameters, such as delayed graft function, early and late phase infections and urologic complications after the operation, results of renal transplants with marginal donors with high creatinine levels, and increase in posttransplant body mass index were evaluated regarding to the living donor and cadaveric renal transplants performed in our transplantation center. Results We included 136 patients were (92 males [68%] and 44 females [32%]), with an average age of 38.9 ± 9.8 years (range, 17–67). There were 63 living donor renal transplantations (43%) and 73 cadaveric renal transplantations (57%). The youngest cadaveric donor was 3 years old, and the oldest was 86. Fifteen of the cadaveric donors had blood creatinine levels around 1.5 g/dL. The highest level of creatinine from cadaveric donors was 5.1 g/dL. Conclusions Living donor renal transplantations have higher success rate than cadaveric renal transplantations. Ureteroneocystostomy and native ureteropyelostomy seem to be safe and efficient treatment methods for ureteral complications. High creatinine levels in marginal donors do not affect graft function in early stages.

OBJECTIVES Variations such as communications between median nerve and musculocutaneous nerve or in their abnormal branching pattern constitute a major concern in clinical and surgical field. Knowledge of these variations not only provides the clinician with a proper interpretation of the case, but also minimizes the complication in surgical approaches in this region. METHOD We examined 50 isolated upper limbs to investigate the possible incidences of various types of communications between these two neighbouring peripheral nerves. RESULT Twenty-eight per cent of limbs were found to have communication between these two nerves. When categorized according to Venieratos and Anagnostopoulou's classification method, 11 out of 14 cases (79%) showed type I communications, two out of 14 (14%) showed type II and the remaining one (7%) showed type III communication pattern. CONCLUSION Prior knowledge of communications between these two neighbouring nerves, both in terms of their incidences and pattern of communications, may be of considerable significance to neurologists and orthopaedicians in dealing with nerve entrapment syndromes in the upper limb of patients.

Introduction This study was designed to identify the impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on activities of daily living, life styles and needs in patients. Patients and methods Participants of this national, multi-centered, cross-sectional observational study included 497 stable COPD patients from 41 centers. The mean age (standard deviation; SD) was 63.3 (9.3) years with 59.0% of the patients under the age of 65, and 89.9% of the participants were male. Sociodemographic and COPD-related data were gathered at enrollment and during the 1-month telephone follow-up. Results The mean (SD) COPD duration was 7.3 (6.5) years in the overall population while 5.4 (4.6) years for patients who recieved COPD diagnosis at least one year after the onset of symptoms. Dyspnea was the most common (83.1%) symptom and walking up stairs (66.6%) was the most difficult activity to be performed. Majority of the patients were aware of COPD as a chronic disease (63.4%), requiring ongoing treatment (79.7%), mainly caused by smoking (63.5%). 59% of the patients were under the age of 65 years-old. In 84% of patients, graduation from at least a primary school was identified. Results revealed an average number of two dependants that were obliged to look after per patient, ability to go on an outing in 91% of the patients, and going grocery shopping with ease in more than two-thirds of the study population. There was no significant difference in regular use of medication device across different educational or age groups. The top three COPD treatment expectations of the patients were being able to breathe (24.1%), walking (17.1%), and walking up stairs (11.7%), while shortness of breath (43.3%) was the first priority treatment need. Conclusion In contrast to the common view that COPD prevalance is higher in old age population, this study showed that the rate of the disease is higher among younger patients than expected; indispensability of out of the house activities in majority of patients; and use of regular medication device to be independent of educational level and the age of COPD patients. Our findings indicate that the likelihood of COPD patient population to be composed of younger and active individuals who do not spend majority of their time at home/in bed as opposed to popular belief. Therefore, availability of a portable and easy to use device for medication seems to be important to enhance daily living.

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of traumatic injuries of the primary incisors in preschool children from 2 to 5 years old in South-Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Additionally, the relationship between traumatic dental injuries, parents' education level, family income, size of incisal overjet and the presence of anterior open bite were examined.A cross-sectional surveyData were collected through oral examinations and structured interviews, and included socio-economic indicators.A total of 727 children of both genders were included in the study. 122 of these children were aged 2; 183 aged 3; 178 aged 4 and 186 aged 5.The prevalence of dental injuries was 8.0% (n = 58). The highest frequency of trauma in the primary teeth was observed at the age of 4. Boys experienced more dental injuries than girls, 12.2% and 4.0%, respectively. The most common crown fracture was in enamel only (57%) followed by crown fracture of enamel and dentin (19%).The prevalence of dental injuries in Turkish preschool children was very low. The children with incisal overjet greater than 5mm and anterior open bite experienced more dental injuries in primary teeth than their counterparts with normal occlusion. Socio-economic indicators were not statistically significantly associated with the occurrence of traumatic dental injuries.

Over the last decades, cities have been acting as entrepreneurs in attracting visitors. They tend to develop marketing strategies to have a competitive advantage over the others. Cultural tourism, one of the main motivations behind these marketing strategies, has been widely adapted as an urban policy. This paper discusses how cultural tourism has become a tool for urban regeneration and how a sustainable and profitable cultural tourism can be compatible with urban regeneration policies in Istanbul. This study also evaluates Istanbul 2010: The European Capital of Culture, which has been one of the agenda topics in the last few years. Thus, we regard the European Capital of Culture event as a stage to present developments in cultural tourism and its effects on urban regeneration.

To report an unusual case of Kimura's disease associated with intracranial hemorrhage, the first such report in the literature.A 38-year-old man presented with chronic neurological disorders and a 10-year history of left cervical soft tissue swellings. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cranium showed a subacute/chronic hematoma in the left occipitotemporal lobe and a chronic infarct in the right parietal lobe. Cervical computed tomography (CT) and MRI showed multiple masses on the left side of the neck and parotid gland. Histopathologic examination revealed lymphocyte and eosinophil infiltration, proliferation of hyalinated blood vessels, and interstitial fibrosis. Steroid therapy (2 mg/kg per day) was started and the lesions regressed partially. The masses and some enlarged regional lymph nodes were resected.Intracranial hemorrhage can either be a coincidental finding or complication of Kimura's disease. MRI and CT are effective modalities in radiologic diagnosis of this condition.

Tortuous vasculature is a common reason for failure to stabilize a guiding catheter in an appropiate position and is associated with a higher incidence of vascular complications. In such a case, the guiding catheter often buckles into the aorta during an attempt to place the balloon or stent. In this report, we used the buddy wire technique to support the guiding catheter, and we passed through the vertebral artery origin stenosis with the help of a microcatheter-microguidewire combination which enabled stent deployment. We kept the buddy wire through the guiding catheter throughout the procedure and the 6F guiding catheter allowed passages of both buddy wire and stent system.

OZET: Ortodontide uzak rontgen resimlerinden yararlanilarak kraniyofasiyal yapinin muhtemel prognozunun ongorulmesi ilk kez Ricketts tarafindan kullanilmistir. Ricketts ve arkadaslarinin vak’alarin %75-80’inde tahmin sonuclarinin gercek boyutlarla uyum icinde oldugunu belirtmeleri pekcok arastirici gibi bizimde bu konuya ilgimizi cekmistir. Ancak tek bir profil radyografindan bir butunun tahmin edilebilmesinin gecerliligi tartismalidir. Bu calismada Ricketts kisa sureli mandibuler rotasyon ongoru yontemin guvenirliginin logitudinal materyal uzerinde belirlenmesi amaclanmistir. Bunun icin, yuz iskeletinin buyume modelinin belirlenmis oldugu bulug gelisim donemi icerisindeki bireyler el-bilek grqfileri goz onune alinarak secilmistir. Bu bireyler Hasund yontemi ile yuz tipleri ve mandibula rotasyon yonlerine gore siniflandirilmistir. Rickets’in kisa sureli mandibuler rotasyon ongoru yontemi esas alinarak tahminler yapilmis ve ongoru sonuclari, arastirma sonucu uzak rontgen resimleri degerleri ile karsilastir...

Lymphangiomatosis is a rare disease with multifocal lymphatic proliferation that typically occurs during childhood and involves multiple parenchymal organs including the lung, liver, spleen, bone, and skin. Lymphangiomatosis may occur synchronously or metachronously with cystic hygroma of the neck. We present US, CT, and MRI findings of cystic hygroma of the neck associated with generalized lymphangiomatosis affecting bones and spleen in a 2-year-old girl.SommarioLa linfangiomatosi è una rara malattia caratterizzata da proliferazione multifocale del sistema linfatico che colpisce tipicamente i soggetti giovani e può interessare molti organi parenchimali tra cui il polmone, il fegato, la milza, le ossa e la pelle. La linfangiomatosi si può associare in sincronia o successivamente con l'igroma cistico del collo. Qui di seguito sono riportati i reperti ecografici, TC e di RM, di una bimba di 2 anni con igroma cistico del collo associato con linangiomatosi generalizzata delle ossa e della milza.

Background Cyclophosphamide (CP) is commonly used chemotherapeutic agent in malignancies and rheumatic diseases. Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a serious complication of CP treatment. CAPE, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule, is a major component of honeybee propolis and structurally similar to flavonoids. Objectives We investigated the protective effect of Caffeic asit phenyl ester (CAPE) on cyclophosphamide (CP) induced hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) in rats in comparison with mesna Methods Forty male Wistar rat ages between 8-12 weeks were divided into four groups by random sampling method. HC induction was performed using an urotoxic dose of 100 mg/kg CP. Group 1 (Control) animals were injected with the same amount of saline and served as controls. Group 2 (CP) received only CP, group 3 (CP+mesna) received 100 mg/kg CP and mesna in dosage of 21,5 mg/kg which was given 20 minutes before, 4 and 8 hours after CP injection. Group 4 (CP+CAPE) received 100mg/kg CP and pretreated with CAPE (10 μmol/kg/day) at 48 and 24 hours and also 20 minutes before CP injection. All drugs were administered intraperitoneally. The bladder tissues were cut into two equal pieces from top to the bottom. One half was stored at -80°C for determination of SOD and CAT activities with MDA and NO concentration and the other half was fixed for 24 hr in 10% buffered formaldehyde for histological evaluation. Results Control animals had histologically normal bladders. CP caused severe microscopic mucosal injury in the bladder. Mesna exhibited significant histological protection against bladder damage of CP. CAPE had minimal protective effect on histological damage. CP injection which caused HC increased MDA levels indicating oxidative stres while CAPE and mesna ameliorated MDA levels in the bladder (p>0.05). SOD and CAT activities were decreased in the tissue samples of CP+mesna and CP+CAPE group. However, only CAT activities were decreased significantly in both groups (CP+mesna and CP+CAPE p Conclusions When we consider the studies which show the critical importance of increased NO levels in the pathogenesis of cyclophosphamide induced hemorrhagical cystitis, we suggest that it would be more benefical to use mesna with CAPE to prevent histological damage. References Korkmaz A, Oter S, Deveci S, Ozgurtas T, Topal T, Sadir S, Bilgic H. Involvement of nitric oxide and hyperbaric oxygen in the pathogenesis of cyclophosphamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rats. J Urol 2003;170:2498– 2502 Natarajan K, Singh S, Burke TR, Grunberger D, Aggrawal BB. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester is a potent and specific inhibitor of activation of nuclear transcription factor NF-kappa B. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996:20;93(17): 9090–9095. Disclosure of Interest None declared

The paper considers the problem of minimizing the energy used to transmit packets over a wireless link via lazy schedules that judiciously vary packet transmission times. The problem is motivated by the following key observation: in many channel coding schemes, the energy required to transmit a packet can be significantly reduced by lowering the transmission power and transmitting the packet over a longer period of time. However, information is often time-critical or delay-sensitive and transmission times cannot be made arbitrarily long. We therefore consider packet transmission schedules that minimize energy subject to a deadline or a delay constraint. Specifically, we obtain an optimal offline schedule for a node operating under a deadline constraint. An inspection of the form of this schedule naturally leads us to an online schedule which is shown, through simulations, to be energy-efficient. Finally, we relax the deadline constraint and provide an exact probabilistic analysis of our offline scheduling algorithm. We then devise a lazy online algorithm that varies transmission times according to backlog and show that it is more energy efficient than a deterministic schedule that guarantees stability for the same range of arrival rates.

This article describes the history of education in England in the 20th century, and gives information on the number of schools, the number of students as well as the education laws passed between 1940 and 1945. This study also includes information about the initiatives on the issue of the nationalization of education, by removing it from being the property of a class.

The article offers an outline of the ways in which the concept of time was constructed in English Literature. In the work, the introduction of the concept of time to English Literature, the importance of time for people since the Hellenistic Period were examined in the light of philosophical views and ideas about this issue.

This article explores the concept of “Time” in Islamic thought which was under the influence of Indian and Greek cultures.