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Abstract Background While people with substance use disorders, including people who inject drugs (PWID), experience increased risk for COVID-19 infection and adverse outcomes, COVID-19 vaccination rates among PWID are consistently lower than those observed in the general population. Offering COVID-19 vaccines at syringe services programs (SSPs) has been proposed as a critical strategy to increase vaccine uptake among this population. We explored the experiences of frontline staff at an SSP in Miami, Florida implementing onsite COVID-19 vaccines. Methods Between June and July 2022, we conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with 17 staff members of an SSP in Miami, Florida. Data collection and codebook thematic analysis of transcribed interviews were guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Results Facilitators and barriers of COVID-19 vaccine implementation at the SSP aligned with all major CFIR domains. Key facilitators included the SSP’s established partnership with the local health department for vaccine distribution, its existing funding sources which could be leveraged for vaccine-related expenses, consensus among staff about the need for new strategies to increase vaccine uptake among PWID, and PWID’s trust in the SSP. Major—but largely modifiable—barriers included lack of participant compensation, limited internal collaboration and communication regarding the vaccine initiative beyond implementation leads and innovation deliverers due to competing priorities and segmented roles and responsibilities, and insufficient involvement of the most participant-facing staff (i.e., the SSP’s peer navigators and outreach workers). Conclusions Implementing onsite COVID-19 vaccines was perceived as feasible and acceptable by frontline staff at the SSP, however contextual factors impeded optimal implementation. Multilevel strategies, such as participant compensation for vaccine completion and internal educational meetings with staff to improve vaccine implementation and reach, are required. As a trusted source of preventative services for PWID, SSPs are an underutilized venue for increasing vaccine uptake among this population, and findings from this study could inform the expansion of low-barrier vaccine services at SSPs nationwide.

INTRODUCCIÓN Desde el punto de vista productivo, la ganadería doble propósito (DP) ha sido evaluada tomando en cuenta ciertos indicadores, tales como edad al primer parto, producción de leche total y ajustada, duración de la lactancia, intervalos entre partos (Zambrano, Santos, Contreras, Moreno, & Chirinos, 2013). En el trópico bajo, la producción de leche rentable implica el cruce de razas lecheras especializadas con grupos genéticos adaptados a las difíciles condiciones ambientales de estas regiones. Así, el nivel de producción láctea está relacionado con la proporción de herencia lechera y con el medioambiente en el cual se desempeña un particular grupo genético. Se ha reportado que las vacas de predominio Bos taurus producen mayores volumenes de leche, mientras que las de predominancia Bos indicus experimentan rendimientos lecheros menores (Perea, Soto, Montilla, Ramírez, de Ondiz et al., 2002a). Con el fin de lograr el mejor genotipo, desde hace varias décadas los ganaderos de las regiones tropicales de América han practicado diversas modalidades de cruzamientos con el fin de obtener animales biológica y económicamente eficientes para producir leche (Soto & Perea, 2014). Se estableció como objetivo de este estudio determinar el efecto de la raza paterna sobre el desempeño productivo de vacas de cuatro grupos genéticos en una finca de doble propósito de la región occidental de la cuenca del Lago de Maracaibo, Venezuela.

INTRODUCCIÓN Entre las principales biotecnologías empleadas en las especies domésticas, la inseminación artificial (IA) ha sido una herramienta importante para la difusión de material genético superior. Sin embargo, el uso de esta técnica mediante la observación del celo, tiene dos importantes problemas en la especie bufalina. El primero está relacionado con el comportamiento del celo, que en la búfala es más discreto, lo que dificulta su detección. El segundo, se relaciona directamente con la variabilidad en el momento de la ovulación. Esto conlleva a una baja tasa de servicio y preñez en búfalas de agua sometidas a IA (Carvalho, Soares, Souza, Vanucchi, Amaral et al., 2014a). Por estas razones la eficiencia reproductiva del rebaño puede reducirse de manera considerable y el uso de la técnica puede verse seriamente comprometido. Es importante destacar que los búfalos criados en regiones alejadas de la línea ecuatorial son estacionales y solo muestran actividad reproductiva durante los meses de otoño e invierno. La estacionalidad en el trópico existe, pero es menos evidente ya que la diferencia de las horas de luz entre el verano y el invierno es menor (Baruselli, Carvalho, Gimenes, & Crepaldi, 2007). Los objetivos de los programas de inseminación artificial a tiempo fijo (IATF) son la sincronización de la fase luteal, del crecimiento folicular y de la ovulación, lo que permite que la IA se aplique a todos los animales de la finca en un momento predeterminado, incluso en aquellos que no manifiestan signos de ciclicidad o de estro (Carvalho et al., 2014a). Los programas de IATF usados en búfalas fueron adaptados de protocolos hormonales usados en ganado bovino, sin embargo, diferencias fisiológicas (niveles de progesterona) individuales y las causadas por la estacionalidad reproductiva que manifiesta esta especie, incluso en el trópico, pudieran afectar la eficiencia de estos protocolos de sincronización. En trabajos previos se han utilizado dispositivos intravaginales (DIV) con progesterona P4, reusados sin conocer qué cantidad de P4 residual contienen estos DIV reutilizados (Carvalho et al., 2014a). El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la tasa de preñez en búfalas después de la aplicación de un programa de IATF, usando esponjas intravaginales con dos concentraciones diferentes (conocidas previamente) de un progestágeno sintético (medroxiprogesterona).

INTRODUCCIÓN En Venezuela, la Ganadería de Doble Propósito (GDP) abarca más del 60% del rebaño nacional, y aporta cerca del 90% de la producción láctea y el 45% de la producción de carne (Soto-Belloso, 2004). Este tipo de ganado se caracteriza por ser producto del cruzamiento entre razas lecheras especializadas con grupos genéticos autóctonos o de herencia Bos indicus (Vaccaro & Vaccaro, 1993). Para lograr un genotipo mejor adaptado y más eficiente, se han practicado numerosos tipos de cruces que han involucrado diversos grupos raciales (Soto & Perea, 2014). Algunos de ellos a involucrado la utilización de toros mestizos en rebaños de constitución igualmente mestizos, que podría ser muy útil para muchas de las actividades comerciales de la GDP (Isea, 1994), mejorando los parámetros que contribuyen a incrementar la productividad general de la explotación y a lograr una adecuada producción de leche y buenos rendimientos cárnicos. No obstante, lograr rentabilidad y productividad en la GDP depende de la eficiencia reproductiva. Por lo tanto, la evaluación rutinaria de los parámetros reproductivos de un rebaño y su comparación con los índices normales y las metas establecidas para estos sistemas de producción es de suma importancia para determinar el grado de adaptación y de eficiencia de este tipo de ganado, pudiéndose además detectar en forma anticipada la instauración de algún problema reproductivo en rebaños aparentemente sanos (Portillo, 2008). En tal sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de la raza paterna sobre el desempeño productivo de vacas de cuatro grupos genéticos, en una finca de doble propósito de la región occidental de la cuenca del Lago de Maracaibo, Venezuela.

INTRODUCCIÓN Una gran proporción de la leche y de la carne bovina consumida en el trópico se genera en los sistemas de producción de doble propósito, que se originan por el cruzamiento de razas cebuinas (Bos indicus) con razas lecheras (Bos taurus) (Soto Bellosos, 2004). Los rebaños mestizos resultantes de estos cruces (ganado de doble propósito, GDP) se han extendido ampliamente debido a sus particulares ventajas sobre otros grupos genéticos: adaptación al trópico, aceptable producción de leche y carne a base de pastos y suplementación en la época de sequía (Soto Bellosos, 2004). Al igual que en cualquier sistema de producción animal, la eficiencia reproductiva es de suma importancia para garantizar los ciclos productivos y la rentabilidad de la empresa ganadera. Entre los índices y parámetros reproductivos, utilizados para valorar la eficiencia reproductiva de un rebaño bovino, se encuentra la fertilidad al primer servicio (González Stagnaro, 2001), que permite evaluar la eficiencia de un programa de inseminación artificial, así como también detectar numerosos problemas reproductivos (Perea Ganchou, Soto Bellosos, González Stagnaro, Soto Castillo, & Hernández Fonseca, 2005). Son innumerables los factores que pueden afectar la fertilidad de los rebaños vacunos, y entre ellos, la época del año ha demostrado tener un efecto contundente sobre el desempeño reproductivo (Perea et al., 2005). En condiciones tropicales, la influencia de la época está relacionada con el régimen de pluviosidad que experimenta fluctuaciones durante el año, y determina, junto a otras variables climáticas, condiciones que favorecen o dificultan la concepción de las vacas mestizas (Perea Ganchou, Soto Bellosos, Hernández Fonseca, González Villalobos, Palomares Naveda et al., 2006). En tal sentido, se estableció como objetivo de investigación, determinar la relación entre la época del año y la fertilidad al primer servicio de un rebaño de vacas de cuatro grupos genéticos, en un rebaño de doble propósito de la región occidental de la cuenca del Lago de Maracaibo, Venezuela.

La asociación de micromamíferos determinada en este trabajo es la siguiente: Lagomorpha: Oryctolagus cuniculus; Eulipotyphla: Crocidura cf. russula, cf. Sorex sp., Neomys sp., Soricidae indet. y Talpa sp.; y Rodentia: Eliomys quercinus, Apodemus cf. sylvaticus, Cricetulus (Allocricetus) bursae, Arvicola aff. sapidus, Microtus (Iberomys) brecciensis y Microtus (Terricola) duodecimcostatus. Es una asociación característica del Pleistoceno Medio. El estadio evolutivo de Cricetulus (A.) bursae, Arvicola aff. sapidus y Microtus (I.) brecciensis le aproximan a las poblaciones de dichas especies de algunos yacimientos de la Península Ibérica del Pleistoceno Medio avanzado, pero no final, lo que es acorde con las dataciones numéricas obtenidas en el yacimiento (243-337 ka) que le sitúan en el MIS 8 o 9. Los micromamíferos indican la predominancia de los espacios abiertos con abundante vegetación herbácea y arbustiva, en los que podría haber también alguna zona arbolada. El clima que indican es de tipo mediterráneo, similar al actual en la zona o quizás algo más benigno y más húmedo.

Equilibrium and dynamic adsorption of heavy metals onto spent coffee ground (SCG) were studied. The equilibrium adsorption of Cd2+, Cu2+, and Pb2+ in a batch system was modeled by an ion-exchange model (IEM) based on an ion-exchange of heavy metals with calcium and protons bonded to active sites on SCG surface. The maximum amount of adsorbed metal ions obtained using the IEM was 0.12, 0.21, and 0.32 mmol/g of Cd2+, Cu2+, and Pb2+, respectively. Regeneration of SCG was evaluated using citric acid, calcium chloride, and nitric acid. The observed trend of desorption efficiency through four adsorption-desorption cycles was HNO3 > CaCl2 > C6H8O7. The effect of process variables such as flow rate and bed height during the dynamic adsorption was evaluated. Moreover, the applicability of a mass transfer model based on external mass transfer resistance, axial dispersion, and ion-exchange isotherm was evaluated, and the results were in good agreement with the experimental data for the adsorption in SCG packed column. The sensitivity analysis of the model parameters showed that axial dispersion coefficient is the most significant parameter in the dynamic simulation. The results obtained showed the potential of SCG as a low-cost material for wastewater metal removal in continuous systems.

Abstract Despite progress towards malaria reduction in Peru, measuring exposure in low transmission areas is crucial for achieving elimination. This study focuses on two very low transmission areas in Loreto (Peruvian Amazon) and aims to determine the relationship between malaria exposure and proximity to health facilities. Individual data was collected from 38 villages in Indiana and Belen, including geo-referenced households and blood samples for microscopy, PCR and serological analysis. A segmented linear regression model identified significant changes in seropositivity trends among different age groups. Local Getis-Ord Gi* statistic revealed clusters of households with high (hotspots) or low (coldspots) seropositivity rates. Findings from 4000 individuals showed a seropositivity level of 2.5% (95%CI: 2.0%-3.0%) for P. falciparum and 7.8% (95%CI: 7.0%-8.7%) for P. vivax, indicating recent or historical exposure. The segmented regression showed exposure reductions in the 40–50 age group (β1 = 0.043, p = 0.003) for P. vivax and the 50–60 age group (β1 = 0.005, p = 0.010) for P. falciparum. Long and extreme distance villages from Regional Hospital of Loreto exhibited higher malaria exposure compared to proximate and medium distance villages (p

To determine the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cellular metabolism, we conducted an exhaustive survey of the cellular metabolic pathways modulated by SARS-CoV-2 infection and confirmed their importance for SARS-CoV-2 propagation by cataloging the effects of specific pathway inhibitors. This revealed that SARS-CoV-2 strongly inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) resulting in increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) production. The elevated mROS stabilizes HIF-1α which redirects carbon molecules from mitochondrial oxidation through glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) to provide substrates for viral biogenesis. mROS also induces the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) which activates innate immunity. The restructuring of cellular energy metabolism is mediated in part by SARS-CoV-2 Orf8 and Orf10 whose expression restructures nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mtDNA OXPHOS gene expression. These viral proteins likely alter the epigenome, either by directly altering histone modifications or by modulating mitochondrial metabolite substrates of epigenome modification enzymes, potentially silencing OXPHOS gene expression and contributing to long-COVID.

The mangrove ecosystems of the Department of Atlántico (Colombian Caribbean) are seriously threatened by problems of hypersalinization and contamination, especially by heavy metals from the Magdalena River. The mangrove plants have developed various mechanisms to adapt to these stressful conditions, as well as the associated microbial populations that favor their growth. In the present work, the tolerance and detoxification capacity to heavy metals, especially to mercury, of a halotolerant endophytic bacterium isolated from the species Avicennia germinans located in the Balboa Swamp in the Department of Atlántico was characterized. Diverse microorganisms were isolated from superficially sterilized A. germinans leaves. Tolerance to NaCl was evaluated for each of the obtained isolates, and the most resistant was selected to assess its tolerance to Pb2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Cr3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+, many of which have been detected in high concentrations in the area of study. According to the ANI and AAI percentages, the most halotolerant strain was identified as Priestia flexa, named P. flexa 7BS3110, which was able to tolerate up to 12.5% (w/v) NaCl and presented a minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.25 mM for Hg, 10 mM for Pb, and 15 mM for Cr3+. The annotation of the P. flexa 7BS3110 genome revealed the presence of protein sequences associated with exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, thiol biosynthesis, specific proteins for chrome efflux, non-specific proteins for lead efflux, and processes associated with sulfur and iron homeostasis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed morphological cellular changes and the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed an electrodense extracellular layer when exposed to 0.25 mM Hg2+. Due to the high tolerance of P. flexa 7BS3110 to Hg2+ and NaCl, its ability to grow when exposed to both stressors was tested, and it was able to thrive in the presence of 5% (w/v) NaCl and 0.25 mM of Hg2+. In addition, it was able to remove 98% of Hg2+ from the medium when exposed to a concentration of 14 mg/L of this metalloid. P. flexa 7BS3110 has the potential to bioremediate Hg2+ halophilic contaminated ecosystems.

Debido al incremento de complejidad en las operaciones de producción, y a los bajos tiempos de entrega que exige el mercado actual del sector naval, es necesario el manejo de aplicaciones CAD/CAE que adquieran el papel de integradoras entre las fases de diseño, la planificación y los procesos de fabricación. En un buque de nueva construcción la cantidad de información que se maneja es muy elevada, gestionándose íntegramente en dos dimensiones hasta alcanzar la última fase de proyecto, previa a la fabricación, donde ya empieza a ser común realizar el desarrollo del acero en tres dimensiones. Por lo tanto, durante la evolución del proyecto no se dispone en ningún momento de una representación 3D del buque completo, lo que obliga en numerosas ocasiones a realizar modificaciones una vez que el buque está ya construido, elevando de esta manera el coste de su fabricación y retrasando los tiempos de entrega. Dichas modificaciones se podrían evitar con un modelo 3D que permita la visualización simultánea de todos sus componentes, tal y como sucede cuando ya está construido MSC: 68Nxx, 68U07

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is the most common type of disease related to poly-glutamine (polyQ) repeats. Its hallmark pathology is related to the abnormal accumulation of ataxin 3 with a longer polyQ tract (polyQ-ATXN3). However, there are other mechanisms related to SCA3 progression that require identifying trait and state biomarkers for a more accurate diagnosis and prognosis. Moreover, the identification of potential pharmacodynamic targets and assessment of therapeutic efficacy necessitates valid biomarker profiles. The aim of this review was to identify potential trait and state biomarkers and their potential value in clinical trials. Our results show that, in SCA3, there are different fluid biomarkers involved in neurodegeneration, oxidative stress, metabolism, miRNA and novel genes. However, neurofilament light chain NfL and polyQ-ATXN3 stand out as the most prevalent in body fluids and SCA3 stages. A heterogeneity analysis of NfL revealed that it may be a valuable state biomarker, particularly when measured in plasma. Nonetheless, since it could be a more beneficial approach to tracking SCA3 progression and clinical trial efficacy, it is more convenient to perform a biomarker profile evaluation than to rely on only one.

Abstract Introduction: Community-Engaged Research (CEnR) and Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) require validated measures and metrics for evaluating research partnerships and outcomes. There is a need to adapt and translate existing measures for practical use with diverse and non-English-speaking communities. This paper describes the Spanish translation and adaptation of Engage for Equity’s Community Engagement Survey (E2 CES), a nationally validated and empirically-supported CEnR evaluation tool, into the full-length “Encuesta Comunitaria,” and a pragmatic shorter version “Fortaleciendo y Uniendo EsfueRzos Transdisciplinarios para Equidad de Salud” (FUERTES). Methods: Community and academic partners from the mainland US, Puerto Rico, and Nicaragua participated in translating and adapting E2 CES, preserving content validity, psychometric properties, and importance to stakeholders of items, scales, and CBPR constructs (contexts, partnership processes, intervention and research actions, and outcomes). Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and convergent validity was assessed via a correlation matrix among scales. Results: Encuesta Comunitaria respondents (N = 57) self-identified as primarily Latinos/as/x (97%), female (74%), and academics (61%). Cronbach’s alpha values ranged from 0.72 to 0.88 for items in the context domain to 0.90–0.92 for items in the intervention/research domain. Correlations were found as expected among subscales, with the strongest relationships found for subscales within the same CBPR domain. Results informed the creation of FUERTES. Conclusions: Encuenta Comunitaria and FUERTES offer CEnR/CBPR practitioners two validated instruments for assessing their research partnering practices, and outcomes. Moreover, FUERTES meets the need for shorter pragmatic tools. These measures can further strengthen CEnR/CBPR involving Latino/a/x communities within the US, Latin America, and globally.

'How did you fall into science?' It is a simple enough question, with a usually straightforward answer. What drew you in, and why did you stay? But the question makes [...]

Mentoring continues to be a salient conversation in academia among junior and senior faculty and administrators. Mentors provide guidance and structure to junior faculty so that they can meet their academic and professional goals. Mentors also convey skills in balancing life and academic pursuits. Therefore, the purpose of this descriptive study was to provide additional insight from a training program called Leading Emerging and Diverse Scientists to Success (LEADS) regarding successful strategies and challenges of mentoring relating to lessons learned from the scholars and mentees' perspective. The LEADS program provided multiple training platforms to increase skills and knowledge regarding research to promote expertise in grant writing and submission for funding opportunities among diverse scientists. These findings reinforce the knowledge about the value of a mentor in helping define the research pathway of their mentee and underscoring the importance of mentoring.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Analyze how the Endowment HIREC ‘s Mentoring and Career Coach Model A productive mentoring relationship is essential to advance researchers into being independent and bring extramural funds. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Provide Hispanic researchers mentoring and career coaching to strengthen their pathway as researcher. The HiREC’s Career Coach and Mentoring Component (CCMC) is an innovated approach to support long-lasting research mentoring relationships in our institution. This approach was developed to advance research to eliminate health disparities, promote multidisciplinary translational research in a Minority Institution and sustain research infrastructure and services, career, and workforce development initiatives. Promising Faculty are target and early and mid-career investigators interested in pursuing a research career. To implement the CCMC with the Visiting Endowed Chair a HiREC Advisory Leadership Group in Mentoring will be established, with researchers from Puerto Rico, and US mainland. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Three Hispanic mid-career women from the School of Medicine and one from the School of Health Professions from the University of Puerto Rico received a HiREC Advanced Research Award of $50,000. The awardees achieved their goals; completed their research plan, research infrastructure needs, peer-reviewed publications, and submission of a competitive grant. They also provided successful perspectives on mentoring relationships in a Minority institution. Each one showed the mentor’s and mentee’s experiences as fundamental for their research advancements, productivity, leadership, and successful results. HiIREC’s mentoring component with the Visiting Endowed Chairs improves a healthy work environment and expands the research agenda for each awardee sustaining the institutional research culture. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: A productive mentoring relationship is essential to advance researchers into being independent and bring extramural funds. Four mentees received formal, long-term guidance and endowment funds for their research infrastructure requirements with successful outcomes. HiREC contributes to building up an institutional mentoring program.

Most commercially available polymers are synthesized from compounds derived from petroleum, a finite resource. Because of this, there is a growing interest in the synthesis of new polymeric materials using renewable monomers. Following this concept, this work reports on the use of muconic acid as a renewable source for the development of new polyamides that can be used as proton-exchange membranes. Muconic acid was used as a comonomer in polycondensation reactions with 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis(p-phenyleneoxy)dianiline, 2,5-diaminobencensulfonic acid, and 4,4′-diamino-2,2′-stilbenedisulfonic acid as comonomers in the synthesis of two new series of partially renewable aromatic–aliphatic polyamides, in which the degree of sulfonation was varied. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C, and 19F-NMR) techniques were used to confirm the chemical structures of the new polyamides. It was also observed that the degree of sulfonation was proportional to the molar ratio of the diamines in the feed. Subsequently, membranes were prepared by casting, and a complete characterization was conducted to determine their decomposition temperature (Td), glass transition temperature (Tg), density (ρ), and other physical properties. In addition, water uptake (Wu), ion-exchange capacity (IEC), and proton conductivity (σp) were determined for these membranes. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to determine the conductivity of the membranes. MUFASA34 exhibited a σp value equal to 9.89 mS·cm−1, being the highest conductivity of all the membranes synthesized in this study.

The National Institutes of Health has made considerable investments to diversify the biomedical research workforce. Towards this goal, the authors partnered with representatives from several minority-serving institutions (MSIs) to develop training for the next generation of researchers. To ensure the most effective training program, the authors conducted a needs assessment with junior and senior investigators from the partnering MSIs. In 2016, the authors conducted focus groups and interviews with 23 junior investigators as well as in-depth interviews with 6 senior investigators from the partnering institutions with the goal of identifying specific areas of training and support that would help junior investigators at MSIs develop and sustain research careers. The data were transcribed and coded, and thematic analysis was conducted. The authors determined four areas in which training and support were needed: training in the "informal curriculum" (skills not covered in traditional clinical research courses), protected time for research training, opportunities to create career-advancing work products, and networking opportunities. The themes that were identified informed the development of the LEADS (Leading Emerging and Diverse Scientists to Success) program. The program consists of 10 instructor-led online modules each lasting approximately one month in duration with weekly synchronous sessions. Scholars are expected to be able to devote at least 20% of their time to the program.

El yacimiento cárstico de Casablanca I (Almenara, prov. Castellón) proporciona la siguiente asociación do macromamíferos: Ursus etruscus, Pachycrocuta cf. brevirostris, Felis sp., Equus stenonis ssp., Rhinocerotidae indet. . Cervus cf. philisi, Gazellospira torticornis y Ovibovini indet. Este conjunto faunístico se correlaciona con los de St, Vallier, Puebla de Valverde y Seneze, situándose en el Plioceno terminal (Villafranquiense medio) unidad MN 17.