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Dada la historia de repetidos decretos de secreto por el Jefe del Poder Ejecutivo de Brasil en la gestión entre 2018 y 2022, causó sorpresa el comportamiento de la Oficina de Seguridad Institucional de la Presidencia de la República de Brasil, al emitir una mera nota aclaratoria, en abril de 2022, sobre el secreto de cien años establecido en relación con el control de acceso de los visitantes al Palácio da Alvorada. Es el objeto del presente estudio exactamente la cuestionable adecuación constitucional de esta imposición presidencial, haciendo uso, en el ordenamiento jurídico brasileño, de la Ley de Acceso a la Información, el Decreto N º 7.724/2012, la Ley General de Protección de Datos Personales y los Principios que rigen la Administración Pública Brasileña para la investigación de un estado que bordea la excepción. En un enfoque materialista histórico dialéctico, se observa que el fenómeno disminuye los corolarios anteriores, consubstanciando la zona de anomia, según lo predicho por Giorgio Agamben, marco teórico adoptado aquí.

Cultural psychology-the research field focusing on the mutual constitution of culture and the mind-has made great strides by documenting robust cultural variations in how people think, feel, and act. The cumulative evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that Westerners are independent, whereas those in the rest of the world are interdependent. Although this research traditionally examined North Americans and East Asians, recent research has extended this literature to other non-Western regions. We review this emerging research and describe four distinct forms of interdependence in four non-Western cultural zones. Specifically, interdependence is promoted through (a) conflict avoidance (dominant in much of East Asia), (b) self-assertion for ingroup protection (dominant in Arab regions), (c) expression of emotions that promote interpersonal resonance (dominant in Latin America), and (d) argumentation for conflict resolution (dominant in South Asia). Furthermore, we propose that the Modern West adopted the existing signature features of interdependence in the neighboring cultural zones (notably, self-assertion, emotional expression, and argumentation) and redefined the psychological function and social meaning of these features; instead of promoting interdependence, they became means to achieve independence. This theoretical integration suggests that cultural variation in basic psychological processes emerged over the last several 1,000 years under the influence of ecology, migration, and intergroup relations. The current effort underscores the need to globalize psychological science. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

European Americans are self-enhancing, whereas East Asians are sometimes self-critical. However, the mechanisms underlying this cultural difference remain unclear. Here, we addressed this gap by testing 32 Taiwanese and 32 American young adults, who indicated whether their self-esteem would change in various episodes involving success or failure. We monitored their electroencephalogram (EEG) and assessed upper-alpha band power in response to the outcome information. An increase in upper-alpha power indicates internally directed attention; therefore, it is an index of self-referential processing when assessed during a judgment about the self. As predicted, Americans judged that their self-esteem (but not another's) would increase more after a success than it would decrease after a failure, thereby showing the previously observed self-enhancing pattern. Taiwanese tended to show the opposite pattern, self-criticism. Notably, Americans, but not Taiwanese, showed an increase in upper-alpha band power in response to the self's successes (vs. failures). This bias in the EEG index of self-referential processing predicted the cultural difference in self-enhancement (vs. criticism). The role of self-referential processing in self-enhancement is discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Analisa-se de que forma a violência política de gênero pode ser compreendida enquanto resultado do pensamento patriarcal e de que forma a sua ocorrência pode limitar a efetivação de um Estado Democrático de Direito viabilizador do princípio da igualdade. Pelo método histórico-dialético e pela base teórica em Friedrich Engels e Heleieth Safiotti, com Hannah Arendt e Jürgen Habermas, bem como pelo exame do contexto brasileiro em face de outras Constituições da América Latina, constatou-se que as estratégias nacionais são insuficientes em reduzir a violência política de gênero, sendo essencial o amplo agir político ao combate dessa condição desigual.

Background Food insecurity (FI) is one of the major causes of malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries. In Mozambique, the burden of FI and how it’s related to negative health outcomes is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of FI as well as the factors associated with FI in southern Mozambique. Methods Preliminary data from 301 household heads residing in suburb and peri-urban districts of Maputo were analysed in a cross-sectional design. Accordingly, FI was assessed using the 8-items of the United States Department of Agriculture Household Food Security Survey Module, and its association with various factors was determined through multiple regression models. Results The prevalence of FI was 62.8% (23.6% of households had mild FI, 16.6% had moderate FI, 22.6% had severe FI). Based on multiple regression models, 10 variables (out of 11) were relevant drivers of FI and reached statistical significance (p-value Conclusions These preliminary findings suggest the need for decent work and job creation. In addition, food diversity, climate change and some relevant diseases should be taken into account in the development of public health policies designed to alleviate household food insecurity in Mozambique. Key messages • Food insecurity in Mozambique calls for joint efforts from government, private sector, international institutions and communities. • The basic food basket for the most vulnerable groups is encouraged as a short-term solution.

O presente estudo pretende analisar de que forma a pobreza menstrual e a desinformação sobre a saúde íntima feminina geram um impacto negativo à previsão constitucional da dignidade da pessoa humana e do direito à saúde das mulheres brasileiras, por meio da utilização do método dialético e pela análise da Lei nº 14.214 de 2021. Verificou-se, a partir da visão de Margaret A. McLaren, que o corpo tem um papel central tanto nas teorias feministas quanto na teoria desenvolvida por Michel Foucault, de modo que a própria consciência feminina padece com controles e interferências da sociedade patriarcal, o que explica sua repulsa por sua biologia e pelos efeitos que dela advém.

Objectives Cefazolin is one of curative treatments for infections due to methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Both growth and critical illness may impact the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters. We aimed to build a population PK model for cefazolin in critically ill children in order to optimize individual dosing regimens. Methods We included all children (age 2.5 kg) receiving cefazolin for MSSA infection. Cefazolin total plasma concentrations were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. A data modelling process was performed with the software MONOLIX. Monte Carlo simulations were used in order to attain the PK target of 100% fT > 4 ×MIC. Results Thirty-nine patients with a median (range) age of 7 (0.1-17) years and a BW of 21 (2.8-79) kg were included. The PK was ascribed to a one-compartment model, where typical clearance and volume of distribution estimations were 1.4 L/h and 3.3 L respectively. BW, according to the allometric rules, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on clearance were the two influential covariates. Continuous infusion with a dosing of 100 mg/kg/day to increase to 150 mg/kg/day for children with a BW 200 mL/min/1.73m2 were the best schemes to reach the PK target of 100% fT> 4 ×MIC. Conclusions In critically ill children infected with MSSA, continuous infusion seems to be the most appropriate scheme to reach the PK target of 100 % fT > 4 ×MIC in children with normal and augmented renal function.

Altres ajuts: acords transformatius de la UAB Spring viremia of carp (SVC) remains as a vaccine orphan disease mostly affecting juvenile specimens. Young fish are especially difficult to vaccinate and oral administration of vaccine combined with food would be the election system to minimise stress and the vaccination costs associated to injection. However, administration of prophylactics with food pellets faces off several drawbacks mainly related with vaccine degradation and weak protection correlates of oral vaccines. Here we present a platform based on recombinant proteins (subunit vaccines) manufactured as highly resistant nanostructured materials, and providing excellent levels of protection against SVC virus in a preliminary i.p injection challenge. The G3 domain of SVCV glycoprotein G was overexpressed in E. coli together with IFNγ and the modular protein was purified from bacterial aggregates (inclusion bodies) as highly organised nanostructured biomaterial (nanopellets, NP). These SVCV-IFN were taken up by zebrafish cells leading to the enhanced expression of different antiviral and IFN markers (e.g vig1, mx, lmp2 or ifngr1 among others) in zebrafish liver cells (ZFL). To monitor if SVCV and SVCV-IFN can be taken up by intestinal epithelia and can induce antiviral response we performed experiments with SVCV and SVCV-IFN in 3 days post fertilization (dpf) zebrafish larvae. Both, SVCV and SVCV-IFN were taken up and accumulated in the intestine without signs of toxicity. The antiviral response in larvae showed a different induction pattern: SVCV-IFN did not induce an antiviral response while SVCV showed a good antiviral induction. Interestingly ZF4, an embryonic derived cell line, showed an antiviral response like ZFL cells, although the lmp2 and ifngr1 (markers of the IFNγ response) were not overexpressed. Experiments with adult zebrafish indicated an excellent level of protection against a SVCV model infection where SVCV-IFN vaccinated fish reached 20% cumulative mortality while control fish reached over 80% cumulative mortality.

Weiss-Kruszka syndrome (WSKA) is a rare disorder caused by mutations in the ZNF462 gene or deletion of 9p31.2 chromosome region, involving ZNF462. The prevalence of WSKA is unknown as only 24 affec...

One fundamental function of social norms is to promote social coordination. Moreover, greater social coordination may be called for when tight norms govern social relations with others. Hence, the sensitivity to social norm violations may be jointly modulated by relational goals and a belief that the social context is tight (vs loose). We tested this analysis using an electrocortical marker of norm-violation detection (N400). Ninety-one young American adults were subliminally primed with either relational or neutral goals. Then they saw behaviors that were either norm-violating or normal. In the relational priming condition, the norm-violation N400 increased as a function of the perceived tightness of societal norms. In the control priming condition, however, the norm-violation N400 was weak regardless of perceived tightness. Thus, normative tightness was associated with increased neural processing of norm violations only when relational goals were activated. Implications for norm psychology are discussed.

We propose an experiment to analyze the relationship between volatility regimes and investors’ behavior and explore the mechanism by which aggregated risk aversion is configured. We design a market in which the volatility of the fundamentals is controlled and exogenously manipulated. Then we analyze the participation and trading behavior of participants under different volatility states. We observe a decrease in the market risk aversion during high volatility periods. In these periods, relatively more risk-averse investors do not participate in the risky market while less risk-averse investors trade. The individual risk aversion level of agents does not change during the experiment which leads us to conclude that the changes in market risk aversion during high volatility periods are mainly due to a participation effect.

Language is one powerful vehicle for transmitting norms—a universal feature of society. In English, people use “you” generically (e.g., “You win some you lose some”) to express and interpret norms. Here, we examine how norms are conveyed and interpreted in Spanish, a language that—unlike English—has two forms of you (i.e., formal, informal), distinct generic person markers, and pro-drop, allowing for an examination of underlying conceptual tendencies in how the structure of language facilitates the transmission of norms. In Study 1a-b (N = 838) Spanish speakers used informal generic-you and the generic person marker “se” (but not formal-you) to express norms (vs. preferences). In Study 2 (N = 300), formal you, informal you, and impersonal “se” had persuasive force over personal endorsements (e.g., “I”), informing Spanish speaker’s interpretation of unfamiliar norms. Our findings add to a growing literature on how subtle linguistic shifts reflect and influence cognitive processes.

Background Drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) is often impeded by the restrictive nature of the blood brain barrier (BBB). Since many therapeutic molecules are not able to traverse this barrier, the development of new methods to disrupt the BBB is of paramount importance. Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are alternating electric fields of low intensity (1-3 V/cm) and intermediate frequency (100-300 kHz), which are approved and effective for the treatment of glioblastoma at a frequency of 200 kHz. We recently demonstrated that TTFields at lower frequencies are able to transiently induce BBB permeability in in vitro and in vivo murine models. Here, we explored whether the transient opening of the BBB by TTFields in our murine systems also translates to a human cell-based 3D model. Material and Methods A three-dimensional BBB model was established by co-culturing primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVEC) on a transwell insert together with human pericytes on the bottom of a well-plate. The model was treated with TTFields at 100-300 kHz for 2496 h using the inovitro™ TTFields Lab Bench System (Novocure®). Afterwards, the cells recovered for 24-96 h. In order to analyze the effects of TTFields on barrier integrity and compromise, transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) of the HBMVEC monolayer was measured before the start of TTFields treatment, immediately after TTFields cessation, as well as 24-96 h after TTFields treatment. Permeability of the barrier was assessed by visualizing the movement of FITC-dextran through the HBMVEC monolayer. In addition, changes in expression and localization of the tight junction protein (TJP) claudin-5 (Cl-5) after application of TTFields were analyzed by fractionated Western-blotting and immunofluorescence (IF) staining, respectively. Results Application of TTFields at all investigated frequencies significantly decreased TEER across the HBMVEC monolayer after as early as 24 h, with the strongest effects seen after 72 h at a TTFields frequency of 100 kHz. TTFields treatment delocalized TJP Cl5 from the cell boundaries to the cytoplasm as evidenced by Western-blots and IF stainings. Restoration of the cell barrier was already measurable as early as 24 h after TTFields cessation and a complete recovery was evident after 48 h. Conclusion These results in a human 3D in vitro model confirm our previous observations from mouse models that TTFields could transiently open the BBB. These fundamental pre-clinical data demonstrate the feasibility of facilitating drug delivery to the CNS via concomitant application of TTFields. This method opens up the prospect of improved drug-based treatment of devastating CNS diseases such as GBM if these results could be translated to the clinical setting in the future.

In the current cultural psychology literature, it is commonly assumed that the personal self is cognitively more salient for those with an independent (vs. interdependent) self-construal (SC). So far, however, this assumption remains largely untested. Here, we drew on evidence that resting state alpha power (RSAP) reflects mental processes constituting the personal self, and tested whether RSAP is positively correlated with independent (vs. interdependent) SC. Study 1 tested European Americans and Taiwanese, whereas Study 2 tested European Americans and Japanese (total N = 164). A meta-analysis performed on the combined data confirmed a reliable association between independent (vs. interdependent) SC and RSAP. However, this association was only reliable when participants had their eyes closed. Even though European Americans were consistently more independent than East Asians, RSAP was no greater for European Americans than for East Asians. Our data helps explore a missing link in the theorizing of contemporary cultural psychology.

The disproportionately high rates of both infections and deaths among racial and ethnic minorities (especially Blacks and Hispanics) in the United States during the COVID‐19 pandemic are consistent with the conclusion that structural inequality can produce lethal consequences. However, the nature of this structural inequality in relation to COVID‐19 is poorly understood. Here, we hypothesized that two structural features, racial residential segregation and income inequality, of metropolitan areas in the United States have contributed to health‐compromising conditions, which, in turn, have increased COVID‐19 fatalities; moreover, that these two features, when combined, may be particularly lethal. To test this hypothesis, we examined the growth rate of confirmed COVID‐19 cases and deaths in an early 30‐day period of the outbreak in the counties located in each of the 100 largest metropolitan areas in the United States. The growth curves for cases and deaths were steeper in counties located in metropolitan areas where Blacks and Hispanics are residentially segregated from Whites. Moreover, the effect of racial residential segregation was augmented by income inequality within each county. These data strongly suggest that racial and economic disparities have caused a greater death toll during the current pandemic. We draw policy implications for making virus‐resilient cities free from such consequences., We examined whether racial residential segregation and income inequality jointly predict the growth rate of both COVID‐19 cases and deaths in the first 30‐day period of county‐wise outbreaks. We predicted that the progression of the virus spread would be faster in counties located in MSAs with a high level of Black‐White and Hispanic‐White segregation. Second, we also predicted that this effect of segregation should be augmented for counties higher in income inequality. That is, the impact of COVID‐19 would be the greatest when high segregation is combined with high income inequality.

Altres ajuts: acords transformatius de la UAB In this work, we investigated how to include uncorrelated cycle-to-cycle (C2C) variability in the LTSpice quasi-static memdiode model for RRAM devices. Variability in the I-V curves is first addressed through an in-depth study of the experimental data using the fitdistrplus package for the R language. This provides a first approximation to the identification of the most suitable model parameter distributions. Next, the selected candidate distributions are incorporated into the model script and used for carrying out Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, the experimental and simulated observables (set and reset currents, transition voltages, etc.) are statistically compared and the model estimands recalculated if it is necessary. Here, we put special emphasis on describing the main difficulties behind this seemingly simple procedure.

In this work, we assess the impact that changes in the parameters of the quasi-static memdiode model (QMM) for RRAM devices will have on the simulated conduction characteristics. Sensitivity analysis is recognized as the most important technique for identifying which parameters are key drivers of the model's results. The model's reference parameters are extracted first from a typical (median) experimental I-V curve of an electroformed Hf02-based metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure. Then one parameter is changed at a time (so-called univariate or one-way analysis) in the LTSpice script and the variation of some selected observables recorded. Special attention is paid to the voltage span-induced sensitivity effect.

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation (CAA-ri) is an entity characterised by an inflammatory response to β-amyloid deposition in the walls of cerebral microvessels.We conducted a retrospective review of a series of patients with a diagnosis of CAA-ri according to histopathological study findings or clinical-radiological diagnostic criteria.The study included 7 patients (5 men) with a mean age of 79 years. Disease onset was acute or subacute in 6 patients. The most frequent symptoms were cognitive impairment (n = 6), behavioural alterations (n = 5), epileptic seizures (n = 5), focal neurological signs (n = 4), and headache (n = 2). Cerebrospinal fluid was abnormal in 3 patients (lymphocytic pleocytosis and high protein levels). The most frequent MRI findings were microbleeds (n = 7), subcortical white matter hyperintensities on T2-FLAIR sequences (n = 7), and leptomeningeal enhancement (n = 6). Lesions were bilateral in 3 patients and most frequently involved the parieto-occipital region (n = 5). Amyloid PET studies were performed in 2 patients, one of whom showed pathological findings. Two patients underwent brain biopsy, which confirmed diagnosis. All patients received immunosuppressive therapy. An initially favourable clinical-radiological response was observed in all cases, with 2 patients presenting radiological recurrence after treatment withdrawal, with a subsequent improvement after treatment was resumed.Early diagnosis of CAA-ri is essential: early treatment has been shown to improve prognosis and reduce the risk of recurrence. Although a histopathological study is needed to confirm diagnosis, clinical-radiological criteria enable diagnosis without biopsy.

PURPOSE: Our aim was to study the association between abnormal findings on chest and brain imaging in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and neurologic symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective, international multicenter study, we reviewed the electronic medical records and imaging of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 from March 3, 2020, to June 25, 2020. Our inclusion criteria were patients diagnosed with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with acute neurologic manifestations and available chest CT and brain imaging. The 5 lobes of the lungs were individually scored on a scale of 0–5 (0 corresponded to no involvement and 5 corresponded to >75% involvement). A CT lung severity score was determined as the sum of lung involvement, ranging from 0 (no involvement) to 25 (maximum involvement). RESULTS: A total of 135 patients met the inclusion criteria with 132 brain CT, 36 brain MR imaging, 7 MRA of the head and neck, and 135 chest CT studies. Compared with 86 (64%) patients without acute abnormal findings on neuroimaging, 49 (36%) patients with these findings had a significantly higher mean CT lung severity score (9.9 versus 5.8, P < .001). These patients were more likely to present with ischemic stroke (40 [82%] versus 11 [13%], P < .0001) and were more likely to have either ground-glass opacities or consolidation (46 [94%] versus 73 [84%], P = .01) in the lungs. A threshold of the CT lung severity score of >8 was found to be 74% sensitive and 65% specific for acute abnormal findings on neuroimaging. The neuroimaging hallmarks of these patients were acute ischemic infarct (28%), intracranial hemorrhage (10%) including microhemorrhages (19%), and leukoencephalopathy with and/or without restricted diffusion (11%). The predominant CT chest findings were peripheral ground-glass opacities with or without consolidation. CONCLUSIONS: The CT lung disease severity score may be predictive of acute abnormalities on neuroimaging in patients with COVID-19 with neurologic manifestations. This can be used as a predictive tool in patient management to improve clinical outcome.

Highlights • Under conditions of threat, norm violations often induce strong neural responses. • Neural responses to norm violations entail the N400 and upper-alpha suppression. • Interdependent self-construal is associated with buffering of the effect of threat. • The two neural responses show similar patterns for threat and interdependent SC., Prior evidence suggests that external threat motivates people to monitor norm violations. However, the effect of threat may be attenuated for those high in interdependent self-construal (SC) since this SC affords a sense of protection against the threat. Here, we tested this possibility by priming or not priming young American adults with a pathogen threat. We then had participants read norm-violating or normal behaviors while assessing two electrocortical markers: N400 (indexing the detection of norm violations) and suppression of upper α-band power (indexing vigilance to the violations). In the threat priming condition, interdependent SC predicted decreased responsiveness to norm violations. In the control priming condition, however, interdependent SC predicted increased responsiveness. Our work suggests that interdependent SC may provide a sense of security under threat.

Theories in cultural psychology assume that emotions disrupt social harmony, and thus, emotion moderation is a hallmark of interdependence. However, this assumption is based exclusively on research on East Asians. Here, we tested the hypothesis that Latin Americans are as interdependent as East Asians and more so than European Americans. However, Latin Americans are emotionally expressive since this expressivity is instrumental in achieving interdependence in Latin American (but not East Asian) contexts. To examine these possibilities, Study 1 tested Chileans and Mexicans, whereas Study 2 tested Colombians. We compared the Latin American groups with European Americans (Study 1) or European Americans and Japanese (Study 2). Participants reported how strongly they would express various emotions in different social contexts. As predicted, like European Americans, Latin Americans reported expressing their emotions more than Japanese. However, unlike European Americans but like Japanese, Latin Americans expressed emotions that promote interdependence (socially engaging emotions) more than those that promote independence (socially disengaging emotions). Notably, Latin Americans showed the engagement effect in emotional expression only for positive emotions, but Japanese showed it only for negative emotions. In addition, we also administered tasks designed to assess holistic cognition, a marker of interdependence, and found both Latin Americans and Japanese to be more holistic than European Americans. An explicit attitudinal measure of interdependence showed an anomalous cross-cultural pattern. We conclude that Latin Americans have an expressive form of interdependence and discuss implications for theories in cultural psychology.

It has become increasingly clear that COVID-19 transmits between individuals. It stands to reason that the spread of the virus depends on sociocultural ecologies that facilitate or inhibit social contact. In particular, the community-level tendency to engage with strangers and freely choose friends, called relational mobility (RM), entails increased opportunities to interact with a larger and more variable range of others. It may therefore be associated with a faster spread of infectious diseases, including COVID-19. Here, we tested this possibility by analyzing growth curves of confirmed cases and deaths of COVID-19 in the first 30 days of the outbreaks in 39 countries. We found the growth was significantly accelerated as a function of a country-wise measure of RM. This relationship was robust either with or without a set of control variables, including demographic variables, reporting bias, testing availability, and cultural dimensions of individualism and government efficiency. Policy implications are discussed.Accepted for COVID-19 fast-track publication in Psychological Science

National policies for universal BCG vaccination are associated with flattened growth of country-wise COVID-19 cases and deaths., Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination may reduce the risk of a range of infectious diseases, and if so, it could protect against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we compared countries that mandated BCG vaccination until at least 2000 with countries that did not. To minimize any systematic effects of reporting biases, we analyzed the rate of the day-by-day increase in both confirmed cases (134 countries) and deaths (135 countries) in the first 30-day period of country-wise outbreaks. The 30-day window was adjusted to begin at the country-wise onset of the pandemic. Linear mixed models revealed a significant effect of mandated BCG policies on the growth rate of both cases and deaths after controlling for median age, gross domestic product per capita, population density, population size, net migration rate, and various cultural dimensions (e.g., individualism). Our analysis suggests that mandated BCG vaccination can be effective in the fight against COVID-19.

Weiss-Kruszka syndrome (WSKA) is a rare disorder caused by mutations in theWe presented a case of an infant, 3 years and 4-month life who presented pondostatural and psychomotor retardation, generalized hypotonia with hypermobility, bilateral palpebral ptosis, epicanthal folds, and poorly expressive facies as the main clinical features. These characteristics lead to the realization of genetics studies that resulted in the identification of a novel mutation c.3306dup; p.(Gln1103Thrfs*10) inWSKA should be suspected in individuals presenting mild global developmental delay, ptosis, downslanting palpebral fissures, exaggerated Cupid's Bow, arched eyebrows, epicanthal folds and short upturned nose with a bulbous tip. Hypertrophy of the ventricular septum and severe OSA were described in our patient and should be considered in future reviews of the disease. This case is added to the reduced number of publications previously reported regarding WSKA and contributes to understanding the genetic characteristics, clinical features, and diagnosis of this syndrome.

Early work by Hofstede (Behavior Science Research, 18 (4), 285–305, 1983) described Costa Rica as among the most culturally collective of 52 countries studied. Later work described the people of Costa Rica as low in group orientation, an outlier compared to other Latin American populations (Oyserman et al. Psychological Bulletin, 128(1), 3–72, 2002). To examine this inconsistency, the current study assessed 69 Costa Rican university students’ responses on two well-known explicit attitude measures and one scenario measure of implicit tendencies (Kitayama et al. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97(2), 236–255, 2009) related to group orientation. Responses were compared to those of North American participants who were of European (40) and African (60) heritage. Reliability estimates varied among the measures and in the sample groups. Costa Ricans did not differ from U.S. participants in interdependent but scored higher than both US groups in independent self-construal. Their communalism scores were lower. On the measure of implicit tendencies, however, they rated themselves more similar to communal than individualistic and competitive peers, and less similar to the individualistic peer than did either group of U.S. participants. These findings complicate the question of whether Costa Rican group orientation is at odds with other Latin American populations and raise important general questions about cross group measurement of culture.

Singapore's public housing system is regarded as a model of modernisation and efficiency. By 1990, over 80% of the country's citizens lived in towns and estates created by the Housing Development B...

Hoy en día el estrés se ha convertido en un problema de salud para los individuos por diversas situaciones como la inseguridad, la economía personal, los divorcios y, sobre todo, el entorno laboral. Uno de estos sectores laborales es el hospitalario donde las necesidades de la sociedad por problemas de enfermedades han llevado a un incremento de pacientes en cuidados intensivos, propiciando que muchos profesionistas del sector salud tengan que afrontar diversos problemas para su solución. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el estrés y los estilos de afrontamiento del personal de enfermería de cuidados intensivos de un hospital en Veracruz Puerto. La metodología aplicada fue cuantitativa, descriptiva, transversal y prospectivo. La población fue de cinco enfermeros (15.2%) y 28 enfermeras (84.8%), que participaron con previo consentimiento, sumando un total de 33 enfermeros de los tres turnos. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron una entrevista y la prueba de Perfil del Estrés de Nowack. Los resultados mostraron que 21 enfermeros (2 enfermeros y 19 enfermeras), reportaron percepción moderada de estrés y el resto baja. En estilos de afrontamiento, 16 enfermeros (4 hombres y 12 mujeres) usaron moderadamente la valoración positiva ante un problema presentado. En la entrevista, aproximadamente 60% del personal (3 hombres y 17 mujeres) manifestaron que el mayor problema laboral es la falta de insumos; seis trabajadores con una antigüedad menor a cinco años, presentaron mayor percepción de estrés. Por otro lado, en cuanto al género y estado civil se resalta que las enfermeras y los enfermeros que tienen de dos a tres hijos su estrés es moderado, no así con los que tienen solo uno o ninguno. Se denota también que las mujeres presentaron un estrés mayor que los hombres. Por otra parte, los turnos laborables de la población encuestada reflejan que 11 del turno matutino y 8 del turno vespertino evidencian estrés moderado. Con base en el perfil de estrés, se concluye que el estrés en el hospital estudiado es moderado y en el caso de los estilos de afrontamiento se observaron respuestas adecuadas en soluciones positivas ante una situación laboral estresante.

Over the past three decades, the cultural psychology literature has established that there is systematic cultural variation in the nature of agency in the domains of cognition, emotion, and motivation. This literature adopted both self-report and performance-based (or behavioral) indicators of these processes, which set the stage for a more recent systematic exploration of cultural influences at the neural and biological level. Moreover, previous work has largely focused on East-West differences, thereby calling for a systematic exploration of other ethnic groups. To address these issues, this article reviews recent work in cultural neuroscience, while paying close attention to Latino Americans—the single most rapidly growing minority group in the United States. We focus on research that has employed neural measures and show that culture has systematic influences on the brain. We also point out that, unlike more traditional self-report or performance-based measures, neural indicators of culture are reliably linked to theoretically relevant individual difference variables such as self-construal and acculturation. Cultural neuroscience offers the framework to go beyond the dichotomy between nature and nurture and to explore how they may dynamically interact.