32 results on '"E. Rougier"'
Search Results
2. The research project 'CHARMING PISTOIA': an integrated HBIM project for preservation and maintenance of heritage structures
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S. Monchetti, G. Bartoli, M. Betti, L. Facchini, E. Rougier, and G. Zini
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Earth-Surface Processes - Published
- 2023
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3. Largest recent impact craters on Mars: Orbital imaging and surface seismic co-investigation
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L. V. Posiolova, P. Lognonné, W. B. Banerdt, J. Clinton, G. S. Collins, T. Kawamura, S. Ceylan, I. J. Daubar, B. Fernando, M. Froment, D. Giardini, M. C. Malin, K. Miljković, S. C. Stähler, Z. Xu, M. E. Banks, É. Beucler, B. A. Cantor, C. Charalambous, N. Dahmen, P. Davis, M. Drilleau, C. M. Dundas, C. Durán, F. Euchner, R. F. Garcia, M. Golombek, A. Horleston, C. Keegan, A. Khan, D. Kim, C. Larmat, R. Lorenz, L. Margerin, S. Menina, M. Panning, C. Pardo, C. Perrin, W. T. Pike, M. Plasman, A. Rajšić, L. Rolland, E. Rougier, G. Speth, A. Spiga, A. Stott, D. Susko, N. A. Teanby, A. Valeh, A. Werynski, N. Wójcicka, G. Zenhäusern, Malin Space Science Systems (MSSS), UAR-Institut de physique du globe de Paris (IPGP-UAR / UAR3454), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swiss Seismological Service [ETH Zurich] (SED), Institute of Geophysics [ETH Zürich], Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)-Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Institut für Geophysik [Zürich], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences [Providence], Brown University, Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford, Earth and Environmental Sciences Division [Los Alamos], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), University of Bristol [Bristol], Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-18-IDEX-0001,Université de Paris,Université de Paris(2018), ANR-19-CE31-0008,MAGIS,MArs Geophysical InSight(2019), and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
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[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Multidisciplinary ,General Science & Technology ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,[NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics] - Abstract
International audience; Two >130-meter-diameter impact craters formed on Mars during the later half of 2021. These are the two largest fresh impact craters discovered by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter since operations started 16 years ago. The impacts created two of the largest seismic events (magnitudes greater than 4) recorded by InSight during its 3-year mission. The combination of orbital imagery and seismic ground motion enables the investigation of subsurface and atmospheric energy partitioning of the impact process on a planet with a thin atmosphere and the first direct test of martian deep-interior seismic models with known event distances. The impact at 35°N excavated blocks of water ice, which is the lowest latitude at which ice has been directly observed on Mars.
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- 2022
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4. Hydraulic Fracturing: Environmental Issues
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Donna L. Drogos, George E. King, Danny Durham, Erik G. Milito, H. S. Viswanathan, J. D. Hyman, S. Karra, J. W. Carey, M. L. Porter, E. Rougier, R. P. Currier, Q. Kang, L. Zhou, J. Jimenéz-Martínez, N. Makedonska, L. Chen, R. S. Middleton, Andrew W. Nelson, Andrew W. Knight, Dustin May, Eric S. Eitrh
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- 2015
5. Probing the Effect of Material Model and Geometry Assumptions on Ground Response in the Simulation of Underground Explosions
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A. Stahl, K. C. Bennett, and E. Rougier
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ABSTRACT: Numerical modeling of the Earth’s response to underground explosions poses longstanding challenges in relating seismic signal measurements to source yield and emplacement conditions, where complex responses of the earth near to the source affect the propagation of seismic signals. In simulations, assumptions and approximations are necessarily made, e.g., there is often need to make decisions regarding an inherent trade-off between model fidelity and computational expense. It is thus important to be able to justify approximations and understand their limitations. In this work, sequentially more complex constitutive models are introduced into the finite element analysis of underground explosions, starting from simple small-strain elastic models and progressing to elastoplastic models, including large-strain hyper-elastoplasticity. Various model geometry assumptions, such as choices of approximate boundary conditions are also compared. The results show how different modeling assumptions affect the predicted seismic signals and are compared to gauge measurements for a large chemical explosion underground test. Boundary value problems are set up in a variety of configurations in order to assess their effects on model predictions. The outcomes of this work provide insight into the effect of modeling approximations in simulation of underground explosions where decisions pertaining to trade-offs between fidelity and computation speed may be necessary. 1 INTRODUCTION Numerical modeling of the Earth’s response to Under-Ground explosions (UGX) can be used to estimate the source yield (Bache, 1982) and potentially discriminate whether the source is nuclear or chemical (Kamm and Bos, 1995). However, the Earth exhibits a complex response to the shock in the region immediately surrounding the explosion which affects the propagation of seismic signals through the ground (Johnson and Sammis, 2001a). These complex responses involve a number of processes that occur as the energy density of the shock wave decreases with distance from the explosion. In the immediate vicinity of the explosion, described sometimes as the "hydrodynamic region," the rock behaves as a fluid as it is vaporized and melts (Ford, 2020). Within the hydrodynamic region, the shock front precedes the "temperature front" (cf. Stroujkova and Richards), so inelastic deformation such as dislocation based plasticity and extensive fracture likely occur; however, measurements in this region are sparse because the high stresses and temperatures result in very brief survival of instruments. Outside the hydrodynamic region but still within the so-called "elastic-radius" (where the rock response transitions to purely elastic), inelastic deformation mechanisms are well documented (e.g., Johnson and Sammis, 2001b; Zhang and Zhao, 2014), notably with damage and fracture occurring on a wide range of scales (with cracks ranging from micrometers to many meters in length) (Swanson et al., 2018; Bennett, 2020). The shock wave decays with distance; eventually, the motions are small enough to be described by linear elastic waves (e.g., Harris, 2001).
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- 2022
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6. Strength Effects of Microfracture on Granular Microstructures Evaluated by FDEM Direct Numerical Simulation
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T. Hagengruber, S. H. Boyce, K. C. Bennett, and E. Rougier
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ABSTRACT: We present results of an investigation into the mechanisms of damage in granular microstructures conducted through direct numerical simulation with the combined Finite-Discrete Element Method (FDEM). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of a pressed crystalline powder are directly meshed, resolving grain-grain interfaces. Semi-ductile microfracture is simulated by prescribing a combination of inter-granular brittle fracture and intra-granular grain plasticity. Pristine (undamaged) and damaged microstructures are simulated in uniaxial compression tests and compared to experimental uniaxial compression measurements from literature. The simulation results show that the observed microscale mechanisms of damage (microfracture predominantly around and sometimes through grains and crack associated pore-growth) can well explain degradation of strength observed in the laboratory measurements. A method of tracing grain boundaries from SEM images is described and applied to meshing of a microstructure damaged through cyclic thermal loading. By calibrating the simulations to the damaged and undamaged experimental measurements, micro-mechanical/structural insight is gained into the mechanisms of damage for the material. The results show that the SEM-based microcharacterization of damage can explain the degradation in effective strength observed in the testing and can be accurately modeled using the presented methods. 1. INTRODUCTION Granular, also called "particulate," materials typically exhibit some combination of microfracture and solid crystal plasticity under irrecoverable deformation (Lemaitre & Desmorat, 2005; Anderson, 2005; Arson, Jin, & He, 2021; Shen, Ding, Arson, Chester, & Chester, 2021), which suggests that multiscale damage models for these types of materials should account in some way for the interplay between these inelastic deformation mechanisms (Bennett & Borja, 2018; Bennett, 2020). An example is the plastically bonded explosive (PBX) 9502, which has been shown to exhibit microfracture damage accompanied by irreversible volume changes when subjected to thermal loading (Yaeger, Montanari, Woznick, Knepper, & Bennett, 2022), known as rachet growth (Naum & Jun, 1970; Kolb & Rizzo, 1979; Thompson, et al., 2009). Ratchet growth in PBX 9502 is generally attributed to the highly anisotropic thermoelastic properties of the "graphite-like" Triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) crystals (Kolb & Rizzo, 1979; Bennett, Zecevic, Luscher, & Lebensohn, 2020). Other composites of graphite-like polycrystals have shown similar behavior (Naum & Jun, 1970; Kolb & Rizzo, 1979). Ratchet growth is well-known to cause damage in the sense of degradation of strength (Thompson, et al., 2010) and increased sensitivity to detonation (Mulford & Swift, 2012). Microfracture associated with ratchet growth damage in PBX materials often arise in grain interfaces, signifying the importance of bond-strength in grain boundaries to predict microscale models (Rae, Palmer, Goldrein, Field, & Lewis, 2002; Yaeger, Ramos, Hooks, Majewski, & Singh, 2014). Recent multiscale experimental investigations into the driving mechanisms of ratchet growth (Yaeger, Montanari, Woznick, Knepper, & Bennett, 2022) have shown that ratchet growth volume changes are attributable to marked increase in microfractures and their associated crack openings predominantly around agglomerated crystal grains, suggesting multiscale models of PBX 9502 need to resolve grain-interfaces and intergranular microfracture.
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- 2022
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7. Concrete Fracture and Stress Analysis Using the Combined Finite-Discrete Element Method in the Brazilian Tension Test
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A. Padilla, E. Rougier, E. Knight, M. M. Reda Taha, and J. C. Stormont
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ABSTRACT: Numerical modeling techniques using the combined finite-discrete element method have been utilized to explore the relationship between stress, damage, and crack propagation in concrete. Obtaining post-peak behavior from the Brazilian tension test is difficult because failure occurs abruptly. An experimental test method is described which enables monitoring of the post-peak cracking behavior in the Brazilian tension test by slowing the crack propagation. Experimental testing with this technique proved its capabilities in slowing crack propagation. The combined finite-discrete element method is used to further examine the stress states during this test and to understand the damage evolution present in this test prior to the peak strength. The method also allows for interpretation into the type of damage present throughout the entire test and the zones in which that damage initiates. A comparison is also performed between the numerical results and experimental observations to determine how well the numerical method captures the experimental results. This work enables a good understanding of how fractures form in the Brazilian tension test as well as a comparison between experimental and numerical technique results. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Combined Finite Discrete Element Method In an effort to model inelastic behavior and predict the deformation and failure of materials, the combined finite discrete element method has been employed. The finite-discrete element method (FDEM) is an innovative numerical computation method that combines the efficiency of the finite element method (FEM) with the discontinuity framework of the discrete element method (DEM) to create a highly powerful and efficient system (Munjiza et al., 1999; Rougier et al., 2014). The comparison of DEM and FEM with a schematic visualization of FDEM is shown in Fig. 1. At the contact interfaces of the FDEM framework, there is bonding. The bonding is numerically represented with cohesion points along the boundaries of the deformable particles (Rougier, Knight, Lei, et al., 2014). The cohesion of these bonds is a combination of normal cohesion and tangential cohesion. When the material is exposed to significant stress, these bonds become strained and can become unbonded (Rougier, Knight, Lei, et al., 2014).
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- 2022
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8. Added value of MRI for the diagnosis of adnexal torsion in children and adolescents after inconclusive ultrasound examination
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E. Rougier, H Ducou Le Pointe, A. Coulomb-L’Hermine, S. Irtan, W. Mar, Etienne Audureau, B. Morel, E. Blondiaux, V Della Valle, CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU), University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Laboratoire d'Investigation Clinique (LIC), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Service de pathologie [CHU Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CCSD, Accord Elsevier, Service de Radiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-IFR10
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Torsion Abnormality ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ,Child ,Adnexal torsion ,Retrospective Studies ,Ultrasonography ,Univariate analysis ,Pelvic MRI ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Ultrasound ,Ovarian torsion ,Infant ,Mean age ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,3. Good health ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Adnexal Diseases ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,Radiology ,business - Abstract
International audience; Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children and adolescents with suspected adnexal torsion (AT) after inconclusive initial ultrasound examination.Materials and methods: Twenty-eight girls with a mean age of 12±4 (SD) years (range: 1 month to 18years) were included. All had clinically suspected AT and inconclusive initial ultrasound findings followed by pelvic MRI as a second-line imaging modality. The final diagnosis was obtained by surgery or follow-up. Two radiologists blinded to the clinical, ultrasound and surgical data, retrospectively and independently reviewed MRI examinations. Clinical and MRI features associated with AT were searched for using univariate analyses.Result: Among the 28 patients, 10/28 patients (36%) had AT and 22/28 (79%) had an ovarian or tubal mass. AT was associated with an age
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- 2020
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9. sj-pdf-1-ijd-10.1177_1056789521998726 - Supplemental material for Experimental study correlating damage and permeability in concrete using confined, flattened Brazilian disks
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S Boyce, E Rougier, EE Knight, MM Reda Taha, and JC Stormont
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FOS: Materials engineering ,91299 Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified - Abstract
Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-ijd-10.1177_1056789521998726 for Experimental study correlating damage and permeability in concrete using confined, flattened Brazilian disks by S Boyce, E Rougier, EE Knight, MM Reda Taha and JC Stormont in International Journal of Damage Mechanics
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- 2021
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10. Quelle consommation de la PrEP : attentes et modifications comportementales
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P. Fischer, Christine Cheneau, David Rey, E. Rougier, F. Maitrepierre, A. Ursenbach, and M.-L. Batard
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Infectious Diseases - Abstract
Introduction Les indications de la PrEP ciblent une population « a haut risque » d’acquisition du VIH. De plus en plus d’HSH ayant des rapports proteges souhaitent prendre la PrEP, dans un souci de sante sexuelle. En prescrivant la PrEP a ce public, favorisons-nous un retrait du preservatif, contradictoire avec la demarche de sante sexuelle ? De plus, la PrEP a un cout pour la societe, est-elle justifiee pour toute personne la demandant, meme si cette derniere n’est pas « a haut risque » ? Materiels et methodes L’etude etait prospective et monocentrique dans un centre hospitalier regional universitaire, proposee a tous les patients consultant pour une demande de PrEP du 01/07/2019 au 31/12/2019. Un auto-questionnaire etait propose soit a la visite d’inclusion si le patient etait sous PrEP depuis au moins 6 mois, soit 6 mois apres l’initiation de la PrEP, pour evaluer les attentes initiales et les modifications de comportement. Resultats Nous avons inclus 178 patients dont 105 ont rempli l’autoquestionnaire, les autres patients etant sous PrEP depuis moins de 6 mois. L’âge median etait de 38 ans. Les patients avaient connu la PrEP essentiellement par le bouche-a-oreille (n = 63), les reseaux sociaux (n = 23) ou une association (n = 15). A l’inclusion, la duree mediane de PrEP pour les 96 patients deja sous traitement etait de 13 mois. La PrEP etait prise a la demande (n = 30), en continu (n = 54) ou selon les deux modalites alternees (n = 20). Le nombre median de partenaires au cours des 6 derniers mois etait de 10. Les trois motifs principaux de demandes de PrEP etaient : rapports sexuels a risque (n = 65), souhait de retirer le preservatif (n = 63) et volonte d’une double protection (preservatif et PrEP) (n = 61). Les motifs moins frequents etaient : prise de risque temporaire (n = 45), sentiment d’insecurite vis-a-vis des partenaires (n = 32), exigence de la PrEP par certains partenaires (n = 26). Les patients declaraient avoir consomme des toxiques (poppers exclu) « une seule fois » (n = 8), « rarement » (n = 23), « regulierement » (n = 8) ou « jamais » (n = 25). Les patients declaraient utiliser en meme temps la PrEP et le preservatif : « jamais » (n = 20), « parfois » (n = 62), « toujours » (n = 21). Apres 6 mois de PrEP, le nombre de partenaires et les rapports anaux non proteges avaient augmente respectivement pour 25 (23,8 %) et 53 (50,5 %) patients, diminues respectivement pour 8 (7,6 %) et 7 (6,7 %) patients. Si les consultations ou les antiretroviraux (ARV) n’etaient plus rembourses par la securite sociale, respectivement 66 (62,9 %) et 36 (34,3 %) patients continueraient la PrEP. En cas de diminution du remboursement, les patients seraient prets a payer entre 0 et 20€ (n = 29), 20 et 50€ (n = 32), 50 et 100€ (n = 23), 100 et 150€ (n = 2) ou plus de 150€ (n = 6) par mois. Conclusion Peu de travaux s’interessent aux modes de consommation de la PrEP. Ce travail documente les veritables motifs de demandes de PrEP et les modifications de comportement : la moitie des patients declarent plus de rapports anaux non proteges apres 6 mois de PrEP. Seulement un tiers des patients continuerait la PrEP si les ARV etaient a leurs frais.
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- 2020
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11. Prise en charge des infections chroniques de prothèses totales de hanche (PTH) et de genou (PTG) traitées par changement en un temps : quand faut-il élargir l’antibiothérapie probabiliste aux bacilles à gram négatif (BGN) ? (Étude β-SEPTIC)
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L. Niglis, Jean-Yves Jenny, J. Gaudias, E. Rougier, François Jehl, M. Hamon, Cyril Boeri, C. Ronde-Oustau, Philippe Riegel, and S. Klein
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Infectious Diseases - Abstract
Introduction Dans la prise en charge des infections chroniques de PTH/PTG avec changement de prothese en un temps, aucune recommandation ne precise quand l’antibiotherapie probabiliste doit couvrir les BGN en plus des cocci a gram positif (CGP). L’objectif de notre travail est de definir des criteres permettant de cibler les patients necessitant une antibiotherapie active contre les BGN lors des changements en un temps pour infection chronique de PTH/PTG. Materiels et methodes L’etude β-SEPTIC etait retrospective et monocentrique, realise dans un CRIOAC ou tous les changements pour infection chronique de PTH/PTG sont effectues en un temps. L’antibiotherapie probabiliste comporte, dans ce CRIOAC systematiquement la daptomycine contre les CGP et, selon les situations, la piperacilline–tazobactam contre les BGN. Nous avons formalise l’algorithme suivi quotidiennement par les infectiologues pour choisir l’antibiotherapie probabiliste. Nous avons analyse retrospectivement toutes les antibiotherapies probabilistes prescrites durant l’annee 2018 pour les classer selon cinq statuts : lorsque la piperacilline–tazobactam etait prescrite, elle pouvait etre « indispensable », « inutile » ou « active en bitherapie » avec la daptomycine. Lorsque la piperacilline–tazobactam n’etait pas prescrite, le statut pouvait etre soit « couvert » si la daptomycine suffisait pour couvrir les bacteries identifiees, soit « non couvert » si le spectre de la daptomycine ne couvrait pas toutes les bacteries incriminees dans l’infection. Selon ces statuts, nous avons evalue la pertinence de notre algorithme et envisage, dans un second temps, des pistes d’amelioration. Resultats Du 01/01/2018 au 31/12/2018, nous avons inclus 82 patients, soit 46 PTH et 40 PTG. L’âge et l’indice de masse corporelle medians etaient respectivement de 72 ans et 30,1 kg/m2. Une fistule etait retrouvee chez 39 patients. Des BGN etaient identifies dans 13 cas (15,9 %) alors que 50 patients (61 %) avaient ete traites par betalactamine a large spectre (BLLS), pour une duree mediane de quatre jours. Seulement 11 prescriptions de BLLS avaient le statut « indispensable » et deux patients sans BLLS appartenaient au groupe « non couvert ». Tous les patients pour lesquels la BLLS etait indispensable avaient une fistule et/ou un BGN identifie en preoperatoire. Nous proposons un nouvel algorithme decisionnel base sur les deux criteres suivants pour definir les patients a risque d’infection par des BGN : la presence d’une fistule et l’identification de BGN en preoperatoire. Conclusion Nous proposons un algorithme pour cibler les patients a risque d’infection par des BGN dans les infections chroniques de PTH/PTG afin de reduire les prescriptions de BLLS a l’echelle collective, sans augmenter le risque d’echec a l’echelle individuelle. Les deux criteres essentiels dans la decision sont : la presence d’une fistule et l’identification de BGN en preoperatoire.
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- 2020
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12. Intérêt de l’hôpital de jour dans la prise en charge ambulatoire des personnes vivant avec le VIH en Afrique
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Xavier Argemi, E. Rougier, F. Ekoba, D. Rey, B. Simon, M. Diafouka, and D. Mahambou
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Infectious Diseases - Abstract
Introduction En Afrique subsaharienne, les ruptures en approvisionnement de traitements antiretroviraux (ARV) ou d’infections opportunistes et les difficultes (materielles, financieres, risque de stigmatisation) pour se rendre en consultation fragilisent les personnes vivant avec le VIH (PVVIH). Les centres de traitement ambulatoire (CTA) offrent une prise en charge gratuite et complete (consultations, examens biologiques, hopital de jour (HDJ)). Peu de structures ambulatoires proposent un HDJ en Republique du Congo. Nos objectifs sont de decrire l’activite de l’HDJ d’un CTA sur 2 ans, evaluer les besoins diagnostiques et therapeutiques ainsi que le devenir des patients a 6 mois. Materiels et methodes L’etude est monocentrique, retrospective, basee sur le registre de l’HDJ de 2015 et 2016 d’un CTA. Pour chaque hospitalisation, les donnees relatives aux patients ont ete recueillies dans les dossiers papiers et informatiques (logiciel Santia©), celles relatives au sejour ont ete recueillies grâce a un formulaire specifique rempli par un medecin lors de l’hospitalisation. Resultats Nous avons recense 248 sejours, soit 193 patients. Le sexe ratio H/F etait de 48/135, l’âge et l’IMC medians de 41 ans et 19 kg/m2. Le stade OMS etait de 4 pour 120 patients. Le delai median de traitement ARV etait de 31 mois avec 142 patients traites dont 43 sous AZT/3TC/NVP et 41 sous TDF/FTC/EFV. Les signes fonctionnels a l’admission etaient principalement la fievre (n = 88), la diarrhee (n = 41), les douleurs abdominales (n = 33), la toux (n = 33), les nausees/vomissements (n = 30) et les cephalees (n = 30). Les examens complementaires effectues au CTA etaient essentiellement des hemogrammes (n = 98), des gouttes epaisses (n = 22) et le dosage des lymphocytes TCD4 + (n = 27). Pour 53 sejours, les examens n’etaient pas disponibles au CTA (gouttes epaisses, creatininemie, transaminases, serologies hepatites et imageries). Les principaux diagnostics etaient : anemie(n = 74), gastro-enterite (n = 51), deshydratation (n = 39), acces palustre (n = 39), candidose (n = 25) et pneumopathie (n = 32). Un traitement parenteral a ete administre au CTA lors de 126 sejours (dont 79 rehydratations) et 50 patients ont ete adresses au CHU. A 6 mois, l’IMC et les CD4 avaient augmente de maniere statistiquement significative (respectivement 19,63 kg/m2 vs 21,49 kg/m2, p = 0,0024 et 207/mm3 vs 409/mm3, p = 0,036). Les symptomes etaient resolus pour 96 patients, 49 patients etaient decedes. Conclusion L’HDJ est un outil a developper en Afrique subsaharienne, permettant d’eviter d’avoir recours a une hospitalisation onereuse. Ce travail souligne l’importance du laboratoire et de son bon approvisionnement, obligeant sinon les patients a realiser les examens a l’exterieur, source potentielle de retard de prise en charge.
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- 2019
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13. Syndrome de Willebrand acquis et lymphome splénique : réponse spectaculaire à la corticothérapie
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P.E. Gavand, Thierry Martin, E. Rougier, M. Herber, A.S. Korganow, Vincent Poindron, Philippe Mertz, Elise Toussaint, D. Desprez, A. Guffroy, and M. Dubois
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Gastroenterology ,Internal Medicine - Abstract
Introduction Le syndrome de Willebrand acquis (aVWS) est rare (300 a 500 cas dans la litterature) et a ete decrit pour la premiere fois en 1968 au cours d’un lupus erythemateux dissemine. Cliniquement et biologiquement superposable a la forme hereditaire de la maladie, la forme acquise debute a un âge plus avance, en rapport avec les pathologies responsables. Celles-ci sont variees, dominees par les causes hematologiques (syndromes lymphoproliferatifs (50 % des cas rapportes) et myeloproliferatifs), les maladies auto-immunes (LED, sclerodermie) et des atteintes cardiaques (stenose aortique). Observation Nous rapportons le cas d’un patient de 70 ans, adresse pour l’exploration d’une pancytopenie avec splenomegalie. Deux ans auparavant, le patient avait presente un purpura ecchymotique extensif revelateur d’une thrombopenie avec anemie et lymphopenie, traitees par corticoides. Il existait alors une splenomegalie concomitante qui n’avait pas ete exploree davantage devant la regression de tous les symptomes sous corticotherapie. Le patient presente une recidive des memes symptomes, avec une rate mesuree a plus de 20 cm. Au bilan d’admission, des troubles de l’hemostase sont constates : un TCA allonge (avec un ratio a 2), non connu, conduit a la decouverte d’un syndrome de Willebrand. Le facteur VIII est abaisse a 10 % avec une recherche d’inhibiteur negative, l’activite cofacteur de la ristocetine est effondree Discussion Schematiquement, trois grands mecanismes pathogeniques sont decrits dans le syndrome de Willebrand acquis : presence d’auto-anticorps anti-VWF, inhibiteurs ou non (neutralisant son activite ou accelerant sa clairance) ; absorption selective sur les clones de cellules malignes ou plaquettes activees (1–2) ; proteolyse excessive des multimeres du VWF de haut poids moleculaire dans des conditions hemorheologiques anormales creees par des malformations cardiovasculaires. Nous sommes en presence ici d’un aVWS, par absorption selective des cellules lymphomateuses spleniques. L’originalite de ce cas reside en sa reponse spectaculaire aux corticoides, alors que celle-ci est surtout decrite pour les mecanismes immuno-medies avec anticorps anti-VWF. Elle a permis de se passer de la therapie substitutive par Willfactin, le traitement de reference, que nous aurions du mettre a forte dose devant la recuperation mediocre du VWF. Dans la litterature, les cas de aVWS lies aux LNH sont uniquement traites par chimiotherapie. La corticosensibilite est probablement liee a la presence d’un lymphome de bas grade, permettant de controler les risques hemorragiques, avant le traitement curatif par splenectomie. Conclusion Des troubles de l’hemostase associes a une maladie lymphoproliferative doivent nous faire evoquer un syndrome de Willebrand acquis. Une fois diagnostique, des tests therapeutiques sont realises pour traiter et prevenir les complications hemorragiques. La corticotherapie est un element precieux de l’arsenal therapeutique, d’autant plus lorsque les principaux tests sont negatifs ou tres mediocres. Le traitement principal reste celui de la cause.
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- 2017
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14. Arthrites septiques à mycobactéries atypiques, 12 ans d’expérience dans un centre régional spécialisé
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E. Rougier, C. Koebel, C. Ronde-Oustau, and J. Gaudias
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Infectious Diseases - Abstract
Introduction Les arthrites a mycobacteries atypiques sont rares et concernent principalement des patients immunodeprimes. Peu de series sont decrites chez des patients immunocompetents. L’antibiotherapie prolongee n’est pas toujours bien codifiee et peut s’averer insuffisante. Un traitement chirurgical complementaire est alors necessaire. Nous analysons une serie concernant principalement des patients immunocompetents afin de rappeler les difficultes diagnostiques et therapeutiques, en soulignant le role cle de la prise en charge chirurgicale. Materiels et methodes Il s’agit d’une serie retrospective monocentrique realisee dans un centre de reference des infections osteoarticulaires. La recherche a ete effectuee par le mot cle « mycobacterie » dans le logiciel du laboratoire de bacteriologie traitant tous les prelevements de ce centre hospitalier universitaire. Cette serie comporte tous les prelevements positifs a mycobacterie atypique de 2004 a 2017, concernant une infection osteoarticulaire. Resultats Sept infections osteoarticulaires a mycobacteries atypiques ont ete recensees de 2004 a 2017. Les infections concernent 4 genoux (3 natifs et 1 prothese), une hanche avec prothese, une epaule et une osteite sur broche du cinquieme metatarse. Le ratio homme/femme est de 4/3, avec un âge median de 49 ans. Les mycobacteries identifiees sont M. xenopi (n = 2), M. fortuitum (n = 2), M. abscessus (n = 1), M. avium (n = 1) et M. goodii (n = 1). Cinq patients sur sept n’etaient pas immunodeprimes. Parmi ces 5 patients, 3 avaient necessite des gestes repetes (arthroscopie ou visco-supplementation) sur l’articulation concernee. Dans cette serie, les patients pris en charge avec un traitement medicamenteux seul ou une synovectomie partielle n’ont pas obtenu de guerison et ont necessite secondairement une prise en charge chirurgicale complementaire. Lorsque le geste chirurgical avec synovectomie totale etait realise d’emblee, nous n’avons constate aucun echec. Un cas avec une ponction positive a M. fortuitum a ete considere comme contamination et n’a pas ete traite. Conclusion La difficulte du diagnostic d’arthrite a mycobacterie atypique est bien connue, surtout chez les patients immunocompetents ou l’identification de la bacterie peut etre consideree comme une contamination. L’interet de cette serie est de rappeler que ce type d’infection peut etre suspecte chez les patients immunocompetents, principalement s’ils ont subi des gestes invasifs anterieurs. L’experience acquise dans ce centre medicochirurgical specialise souligne l’interet d’un geste chirurgical complet associe a l’antibiotherapie prolongee. Une synovectomie partielle expose a un risque d’echec.
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- 2018
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15. Pneumopathie atypique à Bocavirus humain de type 1 responsable d’un syndrome d’activation macrophagique chez un adulte immunodéprimé atteint d’une granulomatose avec polyangéite
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M. Dubois, Thierry Martin, A.S. Korganow, A. Guffroy, E. Rougier, Philippe Mertz, P.E. Gavand, M. Herber, and Vincent Poindron
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03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Gastroenterology ,Internal Medicine ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology - Abstract
Introduction Le syndrome d’activation macrophagique (SAM) est une situation frequente en medecine interne. Les causes secondaires (infectieuses, neoplasiques et auto-immunes) representent la majorite des cas rencontres chez l’adulte. L’arthrite juvenile idiopathique, le lupus erythemateux systemique et la maladie de Still sont les maladies les plus frequemment inductrices de SAM (qui peut parfois etre le mode d’entree dans la maladie auto-immune). Dans d’autres cas, un trigger infectieux peut declencher la maladie [1] . L’association SAM/poussee de granulomatose avec polyangeite (GPA) est absente de la litterature. Observation Nous rapportons le cas d’un patient de 61 ans, admis pour fievre a 38,5 °C. Son principal antecedent est une GPA diagnostiquee en 2016, (ANCA type anti-PR3 avec atteinte renale), initialement traitee par corticotherapie et rituximab selon le schema classique en induction et en entretien (protocole Mainritsan). A l’admission, le patient ne presente pas de point d’appel infectieux clinique, mise a part une rhinorrhee, et le premier bilan infectieux clinico-radiologique est negatif. La CRP est a 100 mg/L : une antibiotherapie probabiliste par tazocilline et vancomycine est debutee, aux vues de l’immunosuppression (lymphopenie avec CD19+ 2/mm3, CD20+ 0/mm3, NK 66/mm3, CD3/CD4 521/mm3, IgG 6,42 g/L). Le bilan immunologique elimine une poussee de vascularite : absence de signes pulmonaires et d’alteration de la fonction renale, absence de consommation du complement, negativite des ANCA. A J6, le patient presente une augmentation de la fievre jusqu’a 40 °C, avec des signes de detresse respiratoire, necessitant son transfert en unite de surveillance et soins continus. Biologiquement, il presente des signes de SAM avec anemie-thrombopenie, cytolyse hepatique a 100 N, augmentation des LDH a 4500 UI/L, hypofibrinogenemie, hypertriglyceridemie a 4 g/L et hyperferritinemie a 22 000 μg/L. La radiographie et scanner thoracique eliminent une hemorragie intra-alveolaire (suspicion de SAM sur poussee de GPA), et met en evidence un leger syndrome interstitiel. Une corticotherapie par methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg/j est debutee devant la forte suspicion de SAM. Le traitement entrepris permet la defervescence thermique et la correction des signes biologiques du SAM. Le seul agent infectieux retrouve est un Bocavirus de type 1, dans le panel respiratoire sur frottis naso-pharynge. Nous concluons alors, apres reception des resultats, a une pneumopathie atypique a Bocavirus, responsable d’un SAM. Le patient evolue favorablement, avec une decroissance progressive de la corticotherapie. Discussion Cette observation de SAM associe a une GPA va dans le sens des cas publies dans la litterature qui privilegient une origine infectieuse du SAM dans ces conditions. Le Bocavirus humain (HBoV), decouvert en 2005, appartient a la famille des Parvovirus, et se compose de 4 especes (HBoV 1–4), dont la 1 est predominante dans les atteintes des voies respiratoires. Rare chez l’adulte, il est d’abord decrit chez les enfants (atteintes respiratoire et gastro-enteritique). Il est responsable de 5 a 30 % des detresses respiratoires infantiles, menacant le pronostic vital, apres le VRS et le rhinovirus, et de 0,4–0,5 % des pneumopathies atypiques de l’adulte, en particulier les immunodeprimes et les transplantes d’organes [3] . Il fait depuis lors partie de la recherche par PCR sur panel respiratoire, comme nous le retrouvons chez notre patient. Sa detection peut egalement se faire par PCR sur sang total ou serologie. Il peut etre present chez les adultes immunocompetents asymptomatiques, mais sa presence chez un patient immunodeprime, tel que chez notre patient (GPA + rituximab + corticoides), avec atteinte respiratoire signe sa pathogenicite. Un article dans la litterature pediatrique rapporte 2 cas d’infections a HBoV1 responsable de SAM [2] . Conclusion Aux yeux de la litterature actuelle, nous presentons le premier cas de SAM lie a une infection a HBoV1 chez un adulte immunodeprime, atteint d’une GPA.
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- 2017
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16. Shape selection menu for grand scale discontinua systems.
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E Rougier, A Munjiza, and J.P. Latham
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PARTICLES , *GEOMETRIC shapes , *PHYSICS , *ENGINEERS , *SCIENTISTS - Abstract
It is now widely recognised that particle shape plays an important role in the behaviour of grand scale discontinua systems and may be partially responsible for some of the unexplained phenomena of particulate physics. It is therefore very important that a virtual discontinua modelling workbench includes a library comprising a large spectrum of shapes including real-shaped particles of interest to scientists and engineers. In this context a question of selecting a particle from such a library arises. In this paper, a particular selection procedure based on shape selection chart is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2004
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17. Characteristic and outcome changes in inpatients with COVID-19 during the four pre - Omicron waves.
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M., Martinot, M., Eyriey, S., Gravier, C., Ion, M., Mohseni-Zadeh, E., Rougier, J.-C., Ongagna, A., Henric, A., Schieber, and C., Kempf
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- *
SARS-CoV-2 , *COVID-19 pandemic , *SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant , *COVID-19 , *SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant - Abstract
Background: Four waves of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in France between March 2020 and September 2021. COVID-19 inpatient characteristics change because of the influence of numerous parameters, especially immunization and circulating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. Methods: This retrospective single-center study analyzed patients with laboratory-proven COVID-19 admitted from 1/3/2020 to 30/6/2020 (wave one), 1/7/2020 to 31/12/2020 (wave two), 1/1/2021 to 30/6/2021 (wave three), and 1/7/2021 to 30/11/2021 (wave four). We compared the outcomes and baseline characteristics between these waves. Results: In our center, 1,762 patients were hospitalized for COVID-19: 666 (37.8 %), 425 (24.1 %), 482 (27.3 %), and 189 (10.7 %) during waves 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Patients during the first wave were hospitalized later after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms, had more severe disease conditions at baseline, and suffered higher intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization rates. Most patients from waves 1-3 were >70 years old, with 88-93 % having =1 comorbidity, whereas those from wave four were younger (68.0 years) with less comorbidities. The first two waves showed higher mortality rates (16.8 % and 20.0 %) than the latter (16.6 % and 9.5 %). Conclusion: Patients during the first wave had more severe disease conditions at baseline and higher mortality and ICU hospitalization rates. Despite the more virulent circulating Delta variant during wave four, the death and hospitalization rates were markedly decreased during wave four. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
18. Postnatal development of human atrial cardiomyocytes: linking atrial gene expression profiles and atrial electrophysiology.
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Rougier E, Dhumal A, and Rose RA
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- 2024
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19. Characteristics and Treatment of Gordonia spp. Bacteremia, France.
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Barthel A, Ursenbach A, Kaeuffer C, Koebel C, Gravet A, De Briel D, Dubois J, Haerrel E, Rougier E, and Gerber V
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- Humans, Risk Factors, France epidemiology, Immunocompromised Host, Bacteremia diagnosis, Bacteremia drug therapy, Bacteremia epidemiology, Gordonia Bacterium
- Abstract
Systemic Gordonia spp. infections are rare and occur mostly among immunocompromised patients. We analyzed 10 cases of Gordonia bacteremia diagnosed in 3 tertiary care centers in France to assess risk factors, treatment, and clinical outcomes. Most patients were cured within 10 days by using β-lactam antimicrobial therapy and removing central catheters.
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- 2023
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20. Characteristic and outcome changes in inpatients with COVID-19 during the four pre - Omicron waves.
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Martinot M, Eyriey M, Gravier S, Ion C, Mohseni-Zadeh M, Rougier E, Ongagna JC, Henric A, Schieber A, and Kempf C
- Abstract
Background: Four waves of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in France between March 2020 and September 2021. COVID-19 inpatient characteristics change because of the influence of numerous parameters, especially immunization and circulating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) variants., Methods: This retrospective single-center study analyzed patients with laboratory-proven COVID-19 admitted from 1/3/2020 to 30/6/2020 (wave one), 1/7/2020 to 31/12/2020 (wave two), 1/1/2021 to 30/6/2021 (wave three), and 1/7/2021 to 30/11/2021 (wave four). We compared the outcomes and baseline characteristics between these waves., Results: In our center, 1,762 patients were hospitalized for COVID-19: 666 (37.8 %), 425 (24.1 %), 482 (27.3 %), and 189 (10.7 %) during waves 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Patients during the first wave were hospitalized later after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms, had more severe disease conditions at baseline, and suffered higher intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization rates. Most patients from waves 1-3 were >70 years old, with 88-93 % having ≥1 comorbidity, whereas those from wave four were younger (68.0 years) with less comorbidities. The first two waves showed higher mortality rates (16.8 % and 20.0 %) than the latter (16.6 % and 9.5 %)., Conclusion: Patients during the first wave had more severe disease conditions at baseline and higher mortality and ICU hospitalization rates. Despite the more virulent circulating Delta variant during wave four, the death and hospitalization rates were markedly decreased during wave four. HIPPOKRATIA 2023, 27 (1):1-6., Competing Interests: Authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright 2023, Hippokratio General Hospital of Thessaloniki.)
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- 2023
21. Largest recent impact craters on Mars: Orbital imaging and surface seismic co-investigation.
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Posiolova LV, Lognonné P, Banerdt WB, Clinton J, Collins GS, Kawamura T, Ceylan S, Daubar IJ, Fernando B, Froment M, Giardini D, Malin MC, Miljković K, Stähler SC, Xu Z, Banks ME, Beucler É, Cantor BA, Charalambous C, Dahmen N, Davis P, Drilleau M, Dundas CM, Durán C, Euchner F, Garcia RF, Golombek M, Horleston A, Keegan C, Khan A, Kim D, Larmat C, Lorenz R, Margerin L, Menina S, Panning M, Pardo C, Perrin C, Pike WT, Plasman M, Rajšić A, Rolland L, Rougier E, Speth G, Spiga A, Stott A, Susko D, Teanby NA, Valeh A, Werynski A, Wójcicka N, and Zenhäusern G
- Abstract
Two >130-meter-diameter impact craters formed on Mars during the later half of 2021. These are the two largest fresh impact craters discovered by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter since operations started 16 years ago. The impacts created two of the largest seismic events (magnitudes greater than 4) recorded by InSight during its 3-year mission. The combination of orbital imagery and seismic ground motion enables the investigation of subsurface and atmospheric energy partitioning of the impact process on a planet with a thin atmosphere and the first direct test of martian deep-interior seismic models with known event distances. The impact at 35°N excavated blocks of water ice, which is the lowest latitude at which ice has been directly observed on Mars.
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- 2022
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22. From force chains to nonclassical nonlinear dynamics in cemented granular materials.
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Ulrich TJ, Lei Z, Remillieux MC, Rougier E, Goodman HE, Huffman KA, and Connolly P
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In this letter, we present evidence for a mechanism responsible for the nonclassical nonlinear dynamics observed in many cemented granular materials that are generally classified as mesoscopic nonlinear elastic materials. We demonstrate numerically that force chains are created within the complex grain-pore network of these materials when subjected to dynamic loading. The interface properties between grains along with the sharp and localized increase of the stress occurring at the grain-grain contacts leads to a reversible decrease of the elastic properties at macroscopic scale and peculiar effects on the propagation of elastic waves when grain boundary properties are appropriately considered. These effects are observed for relatively small amplitudes of the elastic waves, i.e., within tens of microstrain, and relatively large wavelengths, i.e., orders of magnitude larger than the material constituents. The mechanics are investigated numerically using the hybrid finite-discrete-element method and match those observed experimentally using nonlinear resonant ultrasound spectroscopy.
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- 2022
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23. Signature of transition to supershear rupture speed in the coseismic off-fault damage zone.
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Jara J, Bruhat L, Thomas MY, Antoine SL, Okubo K, Rougier E, Rosakis AJ, Sammis CG, Klinger Y, Jolivet R, and Bhat HS
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Most earthquake ruptures propagate at speeds below the shear wave velocity within the crust, but in some rare cases, ruptures reach supershear speeds. The physics underlying the transition of natural subshear earthquakes to supershear ones is currently not fully understood. Most observational studies of supershear earthquakes have focused on determining which fault segments sustain fully grown supershear ruptures. Experimentally cross-validated numerical models have identified some of the key ingredients required to trigger a transition to supershear speed. However, the conditions for such a transition in nature are still unclear, including the precise location of this transition. In this work, we provide theoretical and numerical insights to identify the precise location of such a transition in nature. We use fracture mechanics arguments with multiple numerical models to identify the signature of supershear transition in coseismic off-fault damage. We then cross-validate this signature with high-resolution observations of fault zone width and early aftershock distributions. We confirm that the location of the transition from subshear to supershear speed is characterized by a decrease in the width of the coseismic off-fault damage zone. We thus help refine the precise location of such a transition for natural supershear earthquakes., (© 2021 The Authors.)
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- 2021
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24. Protracted SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia with rituximab treatment: About two cases.
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Gerber V, Velay A, Boehn L, Solis M, Kaeuffer C, Rougier E, Ursenbach A, Hansmann Y, Lefebvre N, Danion F, and Ruch Y
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- Aged, Antigens, CD20 drug effects, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, SARS-CoV-2 immunology, Viral Load drug effects, Autoimmune Diseases drug therapy, COVID-19 pathology, Immunologic Factors adverse effects, Immunologic Factors therapeutic use, Rituximab adverse effects, Rituximab therapeutic use
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- 2021
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25. Simulation of crack induced nonlinear elasticity using the combined finite-discrete element method.
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Gao K, Rougier E, Guyer RA, Lei Z, and Johnson PA
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Numerical simulation of nonlinear elastic wave propagation in solids with cracks is indispensable for decoding the complicated mechanisms associated with the nonlinear ultrasonic techniques in Non-Destructive Testing (NDT). Here, we introduce a two-dimensional implementation of the combined finite-discrete element method (FDEM), which merges the finite element method (FEM) and the discrete element method (DEM), to explicitly simulate the crack induced nonlinear elasticity in solids with both horizontal and inclined cracks. In the FDEM model, the solid is discretized into finite elements to capture the wave propagation in the bulk material, and the finite elements along the two sides of the crack also behave as discrete elements to track the normal and tangential interactions between crack surfaces. The simulation results show that for cracked models, nonlinear elasticity is generated only when the excitation amplitude is large enough to trigger the contact between crack surfaces, and the nonlinear behavior is very sensitive to the crack surface contact. The simulations reveal the influence of normal and tangential contact on the nonlinear elasticity generation. Moreover, the results demonstrate the capabilities of FDEM for decoding the causality of nonlinear elasticity in cracked solid and its potential to assist in Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2019
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26. From Stress Chains to Acoustic Emission.
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Gao K, Guyer R, Rougier E, Ren CX, and Johnson PA
- Abstract
A numerical scheme using the combined finite-discrete element method is employed to study a model of an earthquake system comprising a granular layer embedded in a formation. When the formation is driven so as to shear the granular layer, a system of stress chains emerges. The stress chains endow the layer with resistance to shear and on failure launch broadcasts into the formation. These broadcasts, received as acoustic emission, provide a remote monitor of the state of the granular layer of the earthquake system.
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- 2019
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27. Branching of hydraulic cracks enabling permeability of gas or oil shale with closed natural fractures.
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Rahimi-Aghdam S, Chau VT, Lee H, Nguyen H, Li W, Karra S, Rougier E, Viswanathan H, Srinivasan G, and Bažant ZP
- Abstract
While hydraulic fracturing technology, aka fracking (or fraccing, frac), has become highly developed and astonishingly successful, a consistent formulation of the associated fracture mechanics that would not conflict with some observations is still unavailable. It is attempted here. Classical fracture mechanics, as well as current commercial software, predict vertical cracks to propagate without branching from the perforations of the horizontal well casing, which are typically spaced at 10 m or more. However, to explain the gas production rate at the wellhead, the crack spacing would have to be only about 0.1 m, which would increase the overall gas permeability of shale mass about 10,000×. This permeability increase has generally been attributed to a preexisting system of orthogonal natural cracks, whose spacing is about 0.1 m. However, their average age is about 100 million years, and a recent analysis indicated that these cracks must have been completely closed by secondary creep of shale in less than a million years. Here it is considered that the tectonic events that produced the natural cracks in shale must have also created weak layers with nanocracking or microcracking damage. It is numerically demonstrated that seepage forces and a greatly enhanced permeability along the weak layers, with a greatly increased transverse Biot coefficient, must cause the fracking to engender lateral branching and the opening of hydraulic cracks along the weak layers, even if these cracks are initially almost closed. A finite element crack band model, based on a recently developed anisotropic spherocylindrical microplane constitutive law, demonstrates these findings [Rahimi-Aghdam S, et al. (2018) arXiv:1212.11023]., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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- 2019
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28. Quantifying Topological Uncertainty in Fractured Systems using Graph Theory and Machine Learning.
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Srinivasan G, Hyman JD, Osthus DA, Moore BA, O'Malley D, Karra S, Rougier E, Hagberg AA, Hunter A, and Viswanathan HS
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Fractured systems are ubiquitous in natural and engineered applications as diverse as hydraulic fracturing, underground nuclear test detection, corrosive damage in materials and brittle failure of metals and ceramics. Microstructural information (fracture size, orientation, etc.) plays a key role in governing the dominant physics for these systems but can only be known statistically. Current models either ignore or idealize microscale information at these larger scales because we lack a framework that efficiently utilizes it in its entirety to predict macroscale behavior in brittle materials. We propose a method that integrates computational physics, machine learning and graph theory to make a paradigm shift from computationally intensive high-fidelity models to coarse-scale graphs without loss of critical structural information. We exploit the underlying discrete structure of fracture networks in systems considering flow through fractures and fracture propagation. We demonstrate that compact graph representations require significantly fewer degrees of freedom (dof) to capture micro-fracture information and further accelerate these models with Machine Learning. Our method has been shown to improve accuracy of predictions with up to four orders of magnitude speedup.
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- 2018
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29. Spondylodiscitis due to Aerococcus urinae and literature review.
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Rougier E, Braud A, Argemi X, Lefebvre N, Christmann D, Hansmann Y, and Douiri N
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- Aged, 80 and over, Discitis diagnostic imaging, Discitis microbiology, Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections diagnostic imaging, Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections microbiology, Humans, Male, Treatment Outcome, Aerococcus isolation & purification, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Discitis diagnosis, Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections diagnosis
- Abstract
Introduction: Aerococccus urinae (AU) is a pathogen mainly identified in male urinary tract infections and responsible for bacteremia and endocarditis. To the best of our knowledge, there are only five patients with osteomyelitis due to AU described in the literature. All of them had urinary tract disease or systemic conditions such as diabetes, and two were associated with an endocarditis., Case Report: We described the first case of isolated spondylodiscitis without general or local predisposing condition, excepted age > 65 years.
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- 2018
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30. Understanding hydraulic fracturing: a multi-scale problem.
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Hyman JD, Jiménez-Martínez J, Viswanathan HS, Carey JW, Porter ML, Rougier E, Karra S, Kang Q, Frash L, Chen L, Lei Z, O'Malley D, and Makedonska N
- Abstract
Despite the impact that hydraulic fracturing has had on the energy sector, the physical mechanisms that control its efficiency and environmental impacts remain poorly understood in part because the length scales involved range from nanometres to kilometres. We characterize flow and transport in shale formations across and between these scales using integrated computational, theoretical and experimental efforts/methods. At the field scale, we use discrete fracture network modelling to simulate production of a hydraulically fractured well from a fracture network that is based on the site characterization of a shale gas reservoir. At the core scale, we use triaxial fracture experiments and a finite-discrete element model to study dynamic fracture/crack propagation in low permeability shale. We use lattice Boltzmann pore-scale simulations and microfluidic experiments in both synthetic and shale rock micromodels to study pore-scale flow and transport phenomena, including multi-phase flow and fluids mixing. A mechanistic description and integration of these multiple scales is required for accurate predictions of production and the eventual optimization of hydrocarbon extraction from unconventional reservoirs. Finally, we discuss the potential of CO2 as an alternative working fluid, both in fracturing and re-stimulating activities, beyond its environmental advantages.This article is part of the themed issue 'Energy and the subsurface'., (© 2016 The Author(s).)
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- 2016
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31. Radionuclide Gas Transport through Nuclear Explosion-Generated Fracture Networks.
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Jordan AB, Stauffer PH, Knight EE, Rougier E, and Anderson DN
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Underground nuclear weapon testing produces radionuclide gases which may seep to the surface. Barometric pumping of gas through explosion-fractured rock is investigated using a new sequentially-coupled hydrodynamic rock damage/gas transport model. Fracture networks are produced for two rock types (granite and tuff) and three depths of burial. The fracture networks are integrated into a flow and transport numerical model driven by surface pressure signals of differing amplitude and variability. There are major differences between predictions using a realistic fracture network and prior results that used a simplified geometry. Matrix porosity and maximum fracture aperture have the greatest impact on gas breakthrough time and window of opportunity for detection, with different effects between granite and tuff simulations highlighting the importance of accurately simulating the fracture network. In particular, maximum fracture aperture has an opposite effect on tuff and granite, due to different damage patterns and their effect on the barometric pumping process. From stochastic simulations using randomly generated hydrogeologic parameters, normalized detection curves are presented to show differences in optimal sampling time for granite and tuff simulations. Seasonal and location-based effects on breakthrough, which occur due to differences in barometric forcing, are stronger where the barometric signal is highly variable.
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- 2015
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32. HIP/PAP prevents excitotoxic neuronal death and promotes plasticity.
- Author
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Haldipur P, Dupuis N, Degos V, Moniaux N, Chhor V, Rasika S, Schwendimann L, le Charpentier T, Rougier E, Amouyal P, Amouyal G, Dournaud P, Bréchot C, El Ghouzzi V, Faivre J, Fleiss B, Mani S, and Gressens P
- Abstract
Objectives: Excitotoxicity plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of perinatal brain injuries. Among the consequences of excessive activation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate are oxidative stress caused by free radical release from damaged mitochondria, neuronal death and subsequent loss of connectivity. Drugs that could protect nervous tissue and support regeneration are attractive therapeutic options. The hepatocarcinoma intestine pancreas protein/pancreatitis-associated protein I (HIP/PAP) or Reg3α, which is approved for clinical testing for the protection and regeneration of the liver, is upregulated in the central nervous system following injury or disease. Here, we examined the neuroprotective/neuroregenerative potential of HIP/PAP following excitotoxic brain injury., Methods: We studied the expression of HIP/PAP and two of its putative effectors, cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein 19 (ARPP19) and growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43), in the neonatal brain, and the protective/regenerative properties of HIP/PAP in three paradigms of perinatal excitotoxicity: intracerebral injection of the NMDA agonist ibotenate in newborn pups, a pediatric model of traumatic brain injury, and cultured primary cortical neurons., Results: HIP/PAP, ARPP19, and GAP-43 were expressed in the neonatal mouse brain. HIP/PAP prevented the formation of cortical and white matter lesions and reduced neuronal death and glial activation following excitotoxic insults in vivo. In vitro, HIP/PAP promoted neuronal survival, preserved neurite complexity and fasciculation, and protected cell contents from reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage., Interpretation: HIP/PAP has strong neuroprotective/neuroregenerative potential following excitotoxic injury to the developing brain, and could represent an interesting therapeutic strategy in perinatal brain injury.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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