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1. Piezoelectric crystal microbalance measurements of enthalpy of sublimation of C2–C9 dicarboxylic acids

Author

F. Dirri, E. Palomba, A. Longobardo, and E. Zampetti

Subjects
Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract

We present here a novel experimental set-up that is able to measure the enthalpy of sublimation of a given compound by means of piezoelectric crystal microbalances (PCMs). The PCM sensors have already been used for space measurements, such as for the detection of organic and non-organic volatile species and refractory materials in planetary environments. In Earth atmospherics applications, PCMs can be also used to obtain some physical–chemical processes concerning the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in atmospheric environments. The experimental set-up has been developed and tested on dicarboxylic acids. In this work, a temperature-controlled effusion cell was used to sublimate VOC, creating a molecular flux that was collimated onto a cold PCM. The VOC recondensed onto the PCM quartz crystal, allowing the determination of the deposition rate. From the measurements of deposition rates, it has been possible to infer the enthalpy of sublimation of adipic acid, i.e. ΔHsub : 141.6 ± 0.8 kJ mol−1, succinic acid, i.e. 113.3 ± 1.3 kJ mol−1, oxalic acid, i.e. 62.5 ± 3.1 kJ mol−1, and azelaic acid, i.e. 124.2 ± 1.2 kJ mol−1. The results obtained show an accuracy of 1 % for succinic, adipic, and azelaic acid and within 5 % for oxalic acid and are in very good agreement with previous works (within 6 % for adipic, succinic, and oxalic acid and within 11 % or larger for azelaic acid).

Published
2016
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2. Thermally Altered Subsurface Material of Asteroid 162173 Ryugu

Author

K Kitazato, R E Milliken, T Iwata, M Abe, M Ohtake, S Matsuura, Y Takagi, T Nakamura, T Hiroi, M Matsuoka, L Riu, Y Nakauchi, K Tsumura, T Arai, H Senshu, N Hirata, M A Barucci, R Brunetto, C Pilorget, F Poulet, J-P Bibring, D L Domingue, F Vilas, D Takir, E Palomba, A Galiano, D Perna, T Osawa, M Komatsu, A Nakato, N Takato, T Matsunaga, M Arakawa, T Saiki, K Wada, T Kadono, H Imamura, H Yano, K Shirai, M Hayakawa, C Okamoto, H Sawada, K Ogawa, Y Iijima, S Sugita, R Honda, T Morota, S Kameda, E Tatsumi, Y Cho, K Yoshioka, Y Yokota, N Sakatani, M Yamada, T Kouyama, H Suzuki, C Honda, N Namiki, T Mizuno, K Matsumoto, H Noda, Y Ishihara, R Yamada, K Yamamoto, F Yoshida, S Abe, A Higuchi, Y Yamamoto, T Okada, Y Shimaki, R.Noguchi, A Miura, S Tachibana, H Yabuta, M Ishiguro, H Ikeda, H Takeuchi, T Shimada, O Mori, S Hosoda, R Tsukizaki, S Soldini, M Ozaki, F Terui, N Ogawa, Y Mimasu, G Ono, K Yoshikawa, C Hirose, A Fujii, T Takahashi, S Kikuchi, Y Takei, T Yamaguchi, S. Nakazawa, S Tanaka, M Yoshikawa, S Watanabe, and Y Tsuda

Subjects
Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
Abstract

Studies of meteorite analysis and theoretical modeling have indicated the possibility that some carbonaceous near-Earth asteroids are thermally altered due to radiative heating during close approaches to the Sun in addition to parent body processes (Nakamura, 2005; Marchi et al., 2009; Chaumard et al., 2012). In April 2019, the Hayabusa2 mission successfully completed an artificial impact experiment on the carbonaceous near-Earth asteroid 162173 Ryugu (Arakawa et al., 2020), which provided an opportunity to investigate the effects of radiative heating through the exposed subsurface material. Here we report observations of the Ryugu’s subsurface material by the Near-Infrared Spectrometer (NIRS3) on the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. Spectra of the subsurface material exhibit a slightly stronger and peak-shifted hydroxyl absorption feature compared to that observed for the surface, indicating that space weathering and/or radiative heating caused a subtle change in the spectrum of Ryugu surface. However, the shape of the absorption feature still suggests that the subsurface material experienced heating above 300 ˚C similar to the surface. In contrast, our thermal modeling shows that radiative heating does not increase the subsurface temperature at 1 m depth above 200 ˚C even if the semimajor axis is reduced down to 0.344 au. This supports that the Ryugu material would have been preferentially altered due to radiogenic and/or impact heating on the parent body rather than radiative heating.

Published
2021
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3. Characterization of the Ryugu Surface By Means Of the Variability of the Near-Infrared Spectral Slope in NIRS3 Data

Author

A Galiano, E Palomba, M D'Amore, A Zinzi, F Dirri, A Longobardo, K Kitazato, T Iwata, M Matsuoka, T Hiroi, D Takir, T Nakamura, M Abe, M Ohtake, S Matsuura, S Watanabe, M Yoshikawa, T Saiki, S Tanaka, T Okada, Y Yamamoto, Y Takei, K Shirai, N Hirata, K Matsumoto, and Y Tsuda

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The Near-Earth Asteroid 162173 Ryugu (1999 JU3) was investigated by the JAXA Hayabusa2 mission from June 2018 to November 2019. The data acquired by NIRS3 spectrometer revealed a dark surface with a positive near-infrared spectral slope. In this work we investigated the spectral slope variations across the Ryugu surface, providing information about physical/chemical properties of the surface. We analysed the calibrated, thermally and photometrically corrected NIRS3 data and we estimated the mean value of spectral slope between 1.9 μm and 2.5 μm, corresponding to 0.163. Starting from the mean value of slope and moving in step of 1 standard deviation (0.022), we defined 9 “families of slope”, the Low-Red-Slope families (LR1, LR2 and LR3) and the High-Red-Sloped families (HR1, HR2, HR3, HR4, HR5, HR6). The mean values of some spectral parameters were estimated for each family, such as the reflectance factor at 1.9 μm, the spectral slope, the depth of bands at 2.7 μm and at 2.8 μm. A progressive spectral reddening, darkening and weakening/narrowing of OH bands is observed moving from the LR families to the HR families. We concluded that the spectral variability observed among families is the resulting contribution of the thermal metamorphism experienced by Ryugu after the catastrophic disruption of its parent body and space weathering processes that occurred on airless bodies as Ryugu, such as impact cratering and solar wind irradiation. As a consequence, the HR1, LR1, LR2 and LR3 families, corresponding to equatorial ridge and crater rims, are the less altered regions on Ryugu surface, which experienced the minor alteration and OH devolatilization; the HR2, HR3, HR4, HR5 families, coincident with floors and walls of impact craters, are the most altered areas, result of the three processes occurred on Ryugu. The strong reddening of the HR6 family (coincident with Ejima Saxum) is likely due to the fine-sized material covering the large boulder.

Published
2020
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4. Mineralogy and temperature of crater Haulani on Ceres

Author

F. Tosi, F. G. Carrozzo, A. Raponi, M. C. De Sanctis, G. Thangjam, F. Zambon, M. Ciarniello, A. Nathues, M. T. Capria, E. Rognini, E. Ammannito, M. Hoffmann, K. Krohn, A. Longobardo, E. Palomba, C. M. Pieters, K. Stephan, C. A. Raymond, and C. T. Russell

Published
2018
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5. NIRS3 spectral analysis of the artificial Omusubi-Kororin crater on Ryugu

Author

A Galiano, E Palomba, F Dirri, A Longobardo, K Kitazato, T Iwata, M Matsuoka, T Hiroi, D Takir, T Nakamura, M Abe, M Ohtake, S Matsuura, S Watanabe, M Yoshikawa, T Saiki, S Tanaka, T Okada, Y Yamamoto, Y Takei, K Shirai, N Hirata, K Matsumoto, and Y Tsuda

Subjects
Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Abstract

The JAXA Hayabusa2 mission accomplished the formation of an artificial crater on the asteroid Ryugu. The aim of this work is to analyse the area surrounding the artificial crater and reveal spectral variability compared to the same region before the crater formation, to mineralogically and physically characterize the subsurface exposed material. The crater’s investigation focused on the analysis of two regions corresponding to the inner part of crater (the pit and the crater wall/floor), two areas related to ejecta deposited close to the crater, two areas of ejecta moved far from the crater, and two external areas. Each area was investigated both before and after the crater formation, by the study of the photometrically corrected spectral parameters: the 1.9 $\mu$m reflectance, the near-infrared spectral slope, and the depth of the bands at 2.7 and 2.8 $\mu$m. The subsurface material of the post-crater areas shows deeper absorption bands, a decrease in reflectance, and a reddening in spectral slope with respect to the surface material of pre-crater areas. The subsurface regolith could have experienced a lower OH devolatilization due to space weathering and/or could be composed of finer dark grains than the surface layer. The ejecta reached distances of $\sim $20 m from the impact point, mainly moving in the northern direction; nevertheless, a few ejecta also reached the south-eastern part of crater.

Published
2022
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6. Formation and evolution of carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu: Direct evidence from returned samples

Author

T. Nakamura, M. Matsumoto, K. Amano, Y. Enokido, M. E. Zolensky, T. Mikouchi, H. Genda, S. Tanaka, M. Y. Zolotov, K. Kurosawa, S. Wakita, R. Hyodo, H. Nagano, D. Nakashima, Y. Takahashi, Y. Fujioka, M. Kikuiri, E. Kagawa, M. Matsuoka, A. J. Brearley, A. Tsuchiyama, M. Uesugi, J. Matsuno, Y. Kimura, M. Sato, R. E. Milliken, E. Tatsumi, S. Sugita, T. Hiroi, K. Kitazato, D. Brownlee, D. J. Joswiak, M. Takahashi, K. Ninomiya, T. Takahashi, T. Osawa, K. Terada, F. E. Brenker, B. J. Tkalcec, L. Vincze, R. Brunetto, A. Aléon-Toppani, Q. H. S. Chan, M. Roskosz, J.-C. Viennet, P. Beck, E. E. Alp, T. Michikami, Y. Nagaashi, T. Tsuji, Y. Ino, J. Martinez, J. Han, A. Dolocan, R. J. Bodnar, M. Tanaka, H. Yoshida, K. Sugiyama, A. J. King, K. Fukushi, H. Suga, S. Yamashita, T. Kawai, K. Inoue, A. Nakato, T. Noguchi, F. Vilas, A. R. Hendrix, C. Jaramillo-Correa, D. L. Domingue, G. Dominguez, Z. Gainsforth, C. Engrand, J. Duprat, S. S. Russell, E. Bonato, C. Ma, T. Kawamoto, T. Wada, S. Watanabe, R. Endo, S. Enju, L. Riu, S. Rubino, P. Tack, S. Takeshita, Y. Takeichi, A. Takeuchi, A. Takigawa, D. Takir, T. Tanigaki, A. Taniguchi, K. Tsukamoto, T. Yagi, S. Yamada, K. Yamamoto, Y. Yamashita, M. Yasutake, K. Uesugi, I. Umegaki, I. Chiu, T. Ishizaki, S. Okumura, E. Palomba, C. Pilorget, S. M. Potin, A. Alasli, S. Anada, Y. Araki, N. Sakatani, C. Schultz, O. Sekizawa, S. D. Sitzman, K. Sugiura, M. Sun, E. Dartois, E. De Pauw, Z. Dionnet, Z. Djouadi, G. Falkenberg, R. Fujita, T. Fukuma, I. R. Gearba, K. Hagiya, M. Y. Hu, T. Kato, T. Kawamura, M. Kimura, M. K. Kubo, F. Langenhorst, C. Lantz, B. Lavina, M. Lindner, J. Zhao, B. Vekemans, D. Baklouti, B. Bazi, F. Borondics, S. Nagasawa, G. Nishiyama, K. Nitta, J. Mathurin, T. Matsumoto, I. Mitsukawa, H. Miura, A. Miyake, Y. Miyake, H. Yurimoto, R. Okazaki, H. Yabuta, H. Naraoka, K. Sakamoto, S. Tachibana, H. C. Connolly, D. S. Lauretta, M. Yoshitake, M. Yoshikawa, K. Yoshikawa, K. Yoshihara, Y. Yokota, K. Yogata, H. Yano, Y. Yamamoto, D. Yamamoto, M. Yamada, T. Yamada, T. Yada, K. Wada, T. Usui, R. Tsukizaki, F. Terui, H. Takeuchi, Y. Takei, A. Iwamae, H. Soejima, K. Shirai, Y. Shimaki, H. Senshu, H. Sawada, T. Saiki, M. Ozaki, G. Ono, T. Okada, N. Ogawa, K. Ogawa, R. Noguchi, H. Noda, M. Nishimura, N. Namiki, S. Nakazawa, T. Morota, A. Miyazaki, A. Miura, Y. Mimasu, K. Matsumoto, K. Kumagai, T. Kouyama, S. Kikuchi, K. Kawahara, S. Kameda, T. Iwata, Y. Ishihara, M. Ishiguro, H. Ikeda, S. Hosoda, R. Honda, C. Honda, Y. Hitomi, N. Hirata, T. Hayashi, M. Hayakawa, K. Hatakeda, S. Furuya, R. Fukai, A. Fujii, Y. Cho, M. Arakawa, M. Abe, Y. Tsuda, Tohoku University [Sendai], NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Tokyo Institute of Technology [Tokyo] (TITECH), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), ASU School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Planetary Exploration Research Center [Chiba] (PERC), Chiba Institute of Technology (CIT), Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [MIT, Cambridge] (EAPS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Nagoya University, Department of Earth and Planetary Science [Tokyo], Graduate School of Science [Tokyo], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Ritsumeikan University, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute [Hyogo] (JASRI), Institute of Low Temperature Science [Sapporo], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences [Providence], Brown University, The University of Aizu, University of Washington [Seattle], Osaka University, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe [Tokyo] (Kavli IPMU), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Advanced Photon Source [ANL] (APS), Argonne National Laboratory [Lemont] (ANL)-University of Chicago-US Department of Energy, Kindai University, Kyushu University, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Houston], University of Houston, Texas Materials Institute (TMI), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Department of Geoscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Department of Earth Sciences [NHM London] (DES-NHM), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Kanazawa University (KU), Graduate University for Advanced Studies [Hayama] (SOKENDAI), Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Kyoto], Kyoto University, Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, California State University [San Marcos] (CSUSM), Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] (SSL), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), University of Shizuoka, Ehime University [Matsuyama, Japon], European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), KEK (High energy accelerator research organization), Hitachi, Ltd, Institute for integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science (KURNS), National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan Fine Ceramics Center (JFCC), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), The Aerospace Corporation, Earth-Life Science Institute [Tokyo] (ELSI), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Photone Sciences, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, International Christian University, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Center for Advanced Radiation Sources [University of Chicago] (CARS), University of Chicago, Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie Physique (ICP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Graduate School of Information Science [Nagoya], Department of Natural History Sciences, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Fukuoka], Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering [Higashi-Hiroshima], Hiroshima University, Rowan University, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [University of Arizona] (LPL), University of Arizona, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Marine Works Japan Ltd., Faculty of Science, Niigata University, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Seoul], Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Kochi University, Department of Planetology, Graduate School of Science, Graduate School of Science [Kobe], Kobe University-Kobe University, Kobe University, Supported by KAKENHI from the Japanese Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS), grants JP20H00188 and 19H05183 to T.N., JP19K14776 to M.M., 21K18645 to T.M. and K.S., JP20H00205 to A.Ts., M.M., A.M. and J.M., 17H06458 to K.F., Y.T., S.Y. and M.K., JP17H06459 to T.N., T.U., S.W., M.M., N.N., T.M., T.O., Y.S., N.S., and R.N., JP15H05695 to A.Ts. and K.U., 20H05846 to S.T., JP17H06457 to H.G., JP17H06458 to Y. T. and K. F., JP19H00726 to K.K., H. G., and T.M., JP21J13337 to K.A., and JP18H05456,JP20H00189 to K.S., 18H05463 to T.T., S.N., and S.W., 18H05460 to K.N. and T.O., 18H05464 to Y.M., 18H05457 to K.N., T.T., S.W., and Y.M., and JP18H05479 to M.U. Also supported by the JSPS Core-to-Core program ' International Network of Planetary Sciences', and from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) (grants JPMXS0450200421 and JPMXS0450200521) to SS. A.K. acknowledges funding support from UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) grant MR/T020261/1. A.B. acknowledges funding support from NASA Emerging Worlds grant - 80NSSC18K0731. P.B. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under grant agreement no. 771691 (Solarys) and the CNES., and European Project: 771691,SOLARYS

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Ryugu Hayabusa2 Carbonaceous asteroid Sample return
Abstract

Samples of the carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu were brought to Earth by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We analyzed 17 Ryugu samples measuring 1 to 8 millimeters. Carbon dioxide–bearing water inclusions are present within a pyrrhotite crystal, indicating that Ryugu’s parent asteroid formed in the outer Solar System. The samples contain low abundances of materials that formed at high temperatures, such as chondrules and calcium- and aluminum-rich inclusions. The samples are rich in phyllosilicates and carbonates, which formed through aqueous alteration reactions at low temperature, high pH, and water/rock ratios of

Published
2022
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7. Combining Rosetta's GIADA and MIDAS data: morphological versus dynamical properties of dust at 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Author

A Longobardo, T Mannel, M Kim, M Fulle, A Rotundi, V Della Corte, G Rinaldi, J Lasue, S Merouane, H Cottin, M Ciarniello, F Dirri, E Palomba, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Space and Planetary Science, instrumentation: detectors, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], comets: general, comets: individual: 67p/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, Astronomy and Astrophysics, methods: data analysis
Abstract

International audience; We related morphological (size/shape) and dynamical properties of the dust ejected from the 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko comet by combining data from two instruments onboard the ESA's Rosetta mission, i.e. the MIDAS atomic force microscope and the GIADA dust detector. The two instruments detected dust of different size (10-6-10-5 and 10-4-10-3 m, respectively). MIDAS detected dust in four periods, three during the inbound orbit arc (2014 September-November; 2014 December- 2015 February; 2015 February-March) and one corresponding to a post-perihelion outburst (2016 February 19). For these periods, we analysed the dust particles' spatial distribution on the MIDAS targets to obtain the number of parent particles hitting the instrument by means of an empirical procedure and to measure the corresponding dust flux. For the same periods, we retrieved the dust flux measured by GIADA. The ratio between the two dust fluxes is constant. By coupling this result with activity models, we inferred that the particles detected by MIDAS are fragments of hundreds-micron- to mm-sized particles detected by GIADA. In addition, the similar dust flux ratios between nominal activity and outburst indicates that the outburst did not include micro- and nano-sized dust, differently from other outbursts previously observed. Dust and surface properties were related by applying a traceback algorithm to GIADA data to retrieve the source regions of dust ejected in different periods. We did not detect variations of morphological properties between dust ejected from more and less processed terrains, concluding that compact dust particles (detected by MIDAS) have the same properties across the comet surface.

Published
2022
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10. The organic-rich surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko as seen by VIRTIS/Rosetta

Author

F. Capaccioni, A. Coradini, G. Filacchione, S. Erard, G. Arnold, P. Drossart, M. C. De Sanctis, D. Bockelee-Morvan, M. T. Capria, F. Tosi, C. Leyrat, B. Schmitt, E. Quirico, P. Cerroni, V. Mennella, A. Raponi, M. Ciarniello, T. McCord, L. Moroz, E. Palomba, E. Ammannito, M. A. Barucci, G. Bellucci, J. Benkhoff, J. P. Bibring, A. Blanco, M. Blecka, R. Carlson, U. Carsenty, L. Colangeli, M. Combes, M. Combi, J. Crovisier, T. Encrenaz, C. Federico, U. Fink, S. Fonti, W. H. Ip, P. Irwin, R. Jaumann, E. Kuehrt, Y. Langevin, G. Magni, S. Mottola, V. Orofino, P. Palumbo, G. Piccioni, U. Schade, F. Taylor, D. Tiphene, G. P. Tozzi, P. Beck, N. Biver, L. Bonal, J.-Ph. Combe, D. Despan, E. Flamini, S. Fornasier, A. Frigeri, D. Grassi, M. Gudipati, A. Longobardo, K. Markus, F. Merlin, R. Orosei, G. Rinaldi, K. Stephan, M. Cartacci, A. Cicchetti, S. Giuppi, Y. Hello, F. Henry, S. Jacquinod, R. Noschese, G. Peter, R. Politi, J. M. Reess, and A. Semery

Published
2015
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12. Intercultura

Author

G. Annacontini, L. Binanti, F. Bochicchio, M. Celentano, S. Colazzo, P. Ellerani, A. Manfreda, E. Palomba, S. Patera, M. Pesare, D. Ria, Annacontini, G., Binanti, L., Bochicchio, F., Celentano, M., Colazzo, S., Ellerani, P., Manfreda, A., Palomba, E., Patera, S., Pesare, M., and Ria, D.

Published
2016

13. Cometary science. The organic-rich surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko as seen by VIRTIS/Rosetta

Author

F, Capaccioni, A, Coradini, G, Filacchione, S, Erard, G, Arnold, P, Drossart, M C, De Sanctis, D, Bockelee-Morvan, M T, Capria, F, Tosi, C, Leyrat, B, Schmitt, E, Quirico, P, Cerroni, V, Mennella, A, Raponi, M, Ciarniello, T, McCord, L, Moroz, E, Palomba, E, Ammannito, M A, Barucci, G, Bellucci, J, Benkhoff, J P, Bibring, A, Blanco, M, Blecka, R, Carlson, U, Carsenty, L, Colangeli, M, Combes, M, Combi, J, Crovisier, T, Encrenaz, C, Federico, U, Fink, S, Fonti, W H, Ip, P, Irwin, R, Jaumann, E, Kuehrt, Y, Langevin, G, Magni, S, Mottola, V, Orofino, P, Palumbo, G, Piccioni, U, Schade, F, Taylor, D, Tiphene, G P, Tozzi, P, Beck, N, Biver, L, Bonal, J-Ph, Combe, D, Despan, E, Flamini, S, Fornasier, A, Frigeri, D, Grassi, M, Gudipati, A, Longobardo, K, Markus, F, Merlin, R, Orosei, G, Rinaldi, K, Stephan, M, Cartacci, A, Cicchetti, S, Giuppi, Y, Hello, F, Henry, S, Jacquinod, R, Noschese, G, Peter, R, Politi, J M, Reess, and A, Semery

Abstract

The VIRTIS (Visible, Infrared and Thermal Imaging Spectrometer) instrument on board the Rosetta spacecraft has provided evidence of carbon-bearing compounds on the nucleus of the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The very low reflectance of the nucleus (normal albedo of 0.060 ± 0.003 at 0.55 micrometers), the spectral slopes in visible and infrared ranges (5 to 25 and 1.5 to 5% kÅ(-1)), and the broad absorption feature in the 2.9-to-3.6-micrometer range present across the entire illuminated surface are compatible with opaque minerals associated with nonvolatile organic macromolecular materials: a complex mixture of various types of carbon-hydrogen and/or oxygen-hydrogen chemical groups, with little contribution of nitrogen-hydrogen groups. In active areas, the changes in spectral slope and absorption feature width may suggest small amounts of water-ice. However, no ice-rich patches are observed, indicating a generally dehydrated nature for the surface currently illuminated by the Sun.

Published
2015

14. Prognostic Value of the Stromal Cell–Derived Factor 1 3′A Mutation in Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection

Author

Sergio Crovella, Gabriella Scarlatti, Maria Luisa Romiti, Maurizio de Martino, Francesca Salvatori, Eleonora Tresoldi, E. Palomba, Guido Castelli, Anna Plebani, Pier-Angelo Tovo, Angela Pastore, Caterina Cancrini, Antonio Amoroso, Paolo Rossi, and Michele Boniotto

Subjects
Adolescent, Receptors, CCR5, HIV Infections, Virus, Loss of heterozygosity, Immunopathology, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Stromal cell-derived factor 1, Allele, Child, Sida, biology, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Prognosis, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Chemokine CXCL12, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Mutation, Lentivirus, Immunology, HIV-1, biology.protein, Viral disease, Chemokines, CXC
Abstract

A mutation of the stromal cell-derived factor 1 gene (SDF-1 3'A) was shown to protect adults exposed to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) from infection and to affect HIV disease progression in adults. The presence of this mutation in HIV-1-infected Kenyan children did not predict mother-to-child virus transmission. The SDF-1 3'A polymorphism was studied in 256 HIV-1-infected, 118 HIV-1-exposed but uninfected, and 170 unexposed and uninfected children of Italian origin, and the frequency of SDF-1 3'A heterozygosity and homozygosity in each of the 3 groups was similar. Of the 256 HIV-1-infected children, 194 were regularly followed up and were assigned to groups according to disease progression. The frequency of the SDF-1 3'A allele was substantially lower among children with long-term nonprogression than among children with rapid (P =.0329) or delayed (P =.0375) progression. We show that the presence of the SDF-1 3'A gene correlates with accelerated disease progression in HIV-1-infected children born to seropositive mothers but does not protect against mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission.

Published
2002
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15. Prognostic Value of a CCR5 Defective Allele in Pediatric HIV-1 Infection

Author

Gabriella Scarlatti, Paolo Rossi, M. Berrino, E. Palomba, Maurizio de Martino, Antonio Mas, Francesca Salvatori, Pier-Angelo Tovo, Jose M. Bertran, Paola Orlandi, Teresa Espanol, M. Hernández, Claudia Colognesi, Maria Luisa Romiti, Anna Plebani, Caterina Cancrini, Marianne Jansson, and Antonio Amoroso

Subjects
Predictive marker, Transmission (medicine), virus diseases, HIV Long-Term Survivors, Disease, Biology, Virology, Virus, Immune system, Predictive value of tests, Immunology, Genetics, Molecular Medicine, Allele, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical)
Abstract

A deletion of 32 base pairs in the CCR5 gene (Δ32 CCR5) has been linked to resistance to HIV-1 infection in exposed adults and to the delay of disease progression in infected adults. To determine the role of Δ32 CCR5 in disease progression of HIV-1 infected children born to seropositive mothers, we studied a polymerase chain reaction in 301 HIV-1 infected, 262 HIV-1 exposed-uninfected and 47 HIV-1 unexposed-uninfected children of Spanish and Italian origin. Infected children were further divided into two groups according to their rate of HIV-1 disease progression: rapid progressors who developed severe clinical and/or immunological conditions within the second year of life, and delayed progressors with any other evolution of disease. Among the latter were the long-term, non-progressors (LTNP) who presented with mild or no symptoms of HIV-1 infection above 8 years of age. Viral phenotype was studied for 45 delayed progressors. No correlation was found between Δ32 CCR5 and mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. However, the frequency of the deletion was substantially higher in LTNP, compared with delayed (p = 0.019) and rapid progressors (p = 0.0003). In children carrying the Δ32 CCR5 mutation, the presence of MT-2 tropic virus isolate was associated with a severe immune suppression (p = 0.028); whereas, the presence of MT-2 negative viruses correlated with LTNP (p = 0.010). Given the rapidity and simplicity of the assay, the Δ32 CCR5 mutation may be a useful predictive marker to identify children with delayed disease progression who, consequently, may not require immediate antiretroviral treatment.

Published
2000
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16. Rapid disease progression in HIV-1 perinatally infected children born to mothers receiving zidovudine monotherapy during pregnancy

Author

M. G. Marazzi, G. Sabatino, G. Ferraris, Rita Consolini, M. Ruggeri, C. Salvatore, Alberto Vierucci, D. De Mattia, R. Pinzani, R. Lipreri, S. Catania, S. Riva, S. Boni, C. Gotta, C. Cancrini, C. Fundarò, A. Antonellini, E. Massironi, R. Tornaghi, Orazio Genovese, L. Anastasio, Anna Maccabruni, G. L. Forni, P. Crispino, Gianfranco Anzidei, P. Zizzadoro, G. Castelli Gattinara, M. De Martino, C. Giaquinto, S. Bernardi, G. Gambaretto, Luisa Galli, P. Osimani, L Tarallo, C. Dessì, Massimo Masi, Antonio Mazza, M. Sticca, S. Farina, A. De Maria, A. Meo, Clara Gabiano, P. G. Chiriacò, Alfredo Guarino, A. Romano, C. Scolfaro, Monica Cellini, Claudio Pignata, A. Miniaci, Marcello Lanari, M. De Luca, G. Dell'Erba, E. Pontali, Marzia Duse, S. de Carlis, S. Dalla Vecchia, F. Salvini, G. Benaglia, R. Berrino, M. Dedoni, C. Pintor, Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti, Francesca Fioredda, C. Magnani, Paola Marchisio, C. Rendeli, L. Tasso, M. Zappa, A. Lodato, L. Battisti, M. Stegagno, T. Cecchi, C. Riva, E. Uberti, C. Timpano, Osvalda Rampon, Désirée Caselli, D. Loriano, E. Palomba, G. Palla, Anna Plebani, A. Pellegatta, Pier-Angelo Tovo, A. Bucceri, E. Ruga, E. Bresciani, and F. Baldi

Subjects
Pregnancy, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Immunology, Disease progression, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, Rapid disease progression, Zidovudine, Infectious Diseases, Perinatal infection, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, business, medicine.drug
Published
1999
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17. Increased Risk of Maternal‐Infant Hepatitis C Virus Transmission for Women Coinfected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

Author

P. Dallacasa, E Ruga, Pier-Angelo Tovo, G. Ferraris, E. Palomba, Nicola Principi, and Anna Maccabruni

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Obstetrics, Transmission (medicine), Hepatitis C virus, virus diseases, Hepatitis C, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, Virus, Low birth weight, Infectious Diseases, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Immunology, Medicine, Risk factor, medicine.symptom, business, Breast feeding
Abstract

To estimate the risk of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and identify correlates of transmission, 245 perinatally exposed singleton children followed prospectively beyond 18 months of age were studied. Overall, 28 (11.4%) of the 245 children acquired HCV infection. Transmission occurred in 3 of 80 children (3.7%) whose mothers had HCV infection alone and in 25 of 165 (15.1%; P < .01) whose mothers had concurrent infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The percentage of HIV-1-infected children was similar (22 of 165, 13.3%), but each virus was transmitted independently; only six infants (3.6%) were coinfected with HCV and HIV-1. The risk of HCV transmission was not associated with maternal HIV-1-related symptoms, intravenous drug use, prematurity, low birth weight, or breast-feeding, whereas it was lower with cesarean section than with vaginal delivery (5.6% vs. 13.9%, P = .06). This suggests that transmission occurs mainly around the time of delivery.

Published
1997
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18. Natural History of Perinatal Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Author

Paola Maderni, Pier-Angelo Tovo, Giorgio Maria Saracco, Paolo Fiammengo, E. Palomba, and Paola Manzini

Subjects
Male, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Exacerbation, Hepatitis C virus, HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Gastroenterology, Virus, Flaviviridae, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Viremia, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Child, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Hepatitis, Chronic, Retrospective Studies, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, business.industry, Age Factors, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Alanine Transaminase, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis C Antibodies, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Infectious Diseases, Alanine transaminase, Child, Preschool, Liver biopsy, Immunology, biology.protein, Female, Viral disease, business
Abstract

In order to outline the natural course of perinatal hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we prospectively followed seven HCV-positive children for a mean period of 65.1 months (range, 26-90 months). Physical examination findings, growth, and bilirubin and immunoglobulin levels were constantly normal. All children were still viremic at last analysis. HCV-RNA was almost constantly detected throughout follow-up, with the exception of the first days of life. All children had initial increases (of variable duration) in alanine aminotransferase values ; four children subsequently had normal or borderline values for years, with exacerbation of inflammatory activity in two cases. IgM antibodies to HCV were found in three of the seven patients. Autoantibodies developed in two children. Liver biopsy, performed on five patients, documented different degrees of chronic persistent hepatitis. Thus, recovery from perinatal HCV infection seems unlikely, and chronic hepatitis develops in most infected children, including those with prolonged intervals of remission of inflammatory activity.

Published
1996
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22. Thermogravimetry: a technique for planetary in-situ missions

Author

A. Longobardo (1), F. Dirri (2), E. Palomba (1), A. Zinzi (3), E. Zampetti (4), S. Pantalei (4), D. Biondi (1), B. Saggin (5), A. Bearzotti (4), and A. Macagnano (4)

Abstract

The thermogravimetry technique allows to study desorption and sublimation processes of volatile compounds in different environments. This technique shows a large range of applications for planetary in- situ mission, e.g. the measurement of water and organics in a planetary environment. The capability of a thermogravimeter to study water desorption from clay has been verified. Another experiment which can find application in a planetary mission concerns the measurement of enthalpy of sublimation of a particular volatile compound.

Published
2012

23. A uThermogravimetry/biosensor system for the Penetrator Surface Elements for the EJSM Space mission

Author

E. Palomba (1), A. Zinzi (1, A.Longobardo (1), E. Zampetti (3), S. Pantalei (3), A. Bearzotti (3), A. Macagnano (3), B. Saggin (4), and R. A. Gowen (5)

Abstract

The Europa-Jupiter System Mission (EJSM) is a joint ESA/NASA mission under study, within which there will be orbital platforms targeted to both Europa (JEO) and Ganymede (JGO) [1]. We describe here a ?Thermogravimetry/biosensor system designed to measure volatile (water/organics) compounds and detect possible biosignatures from Europa and Ganymede surface or subsurface. The instrument is studied in the framework of the Penetrator Surface Elements proposed to EJSM.

Published
2010

25. HIV-1 viral load and CD4 cell count in untreated children with vertically acquired asymptomatic or mild disease. Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA)

Author

J. Levy, A. Alimenti, M. Della Negra, W. Queiroz, Y. C. Lian, C. S. Soares, D. Zarowny, S. Korasheh, J. Forbes, T. Jadavji, W. Vaudry, F. Mechinaud, S. Billaudel, S. Auger, J. Nicolas V. Wahn, S. Kropp, C. Bode, A. Bru Capdeville, T. Niehues, D. Richter, S. Freude, G. Horneff, K. Balley, N. Vente, A. Seibt, C. Dammann, A. Sobanjo, G. Notheis, B. Heeren, B. Hinkelmann, K. Butler, E. Hayes, C. Giaquinto, S. Cozzani, V. Giacomet, E. Ruga, O. Rampon, F. Zacchello, L. Chieco Bianchi, A. de Rossi, A. De Manzini, C. Salvatore, A. Mazza, M. Duse, A. Soresina, M. Pernici, S. Timpano, A. Manca, A. Loy, A. de Maria, A. Plebani, M. G. Clerici, S. Alberti, M. Bray, R. Pinzani, G. Castelli Gattinara, S. Bernardi, S. Scaccia, S. Liviadiotti, A. Krzysztofiak, A. Angioni, P. Orlandi, M. Cellini, C. Baraldi, M. Portolani, P. A. Tovo, E. Palomba, D. Caselli, A. Maccabruni, S. Russo, A. Castaldo, P. Osimani, M. Vignini, H. Scherpbier, P. Leeuwen, A. Delgado, J. Aristegui, R. Cisterna, D. Suarez, I. De José Gomez, M. Herranz Aguirre, M. C. Garcia Rodriguez, J. Echeverria Lecuona, E. Perez Trallero, P. Echaniz Aizpuru, P. Martin Fontelos, M. J. Mellado Pena, A. Bernal, J. M. Perez Gonzales, M. Gracia Casanova, J. A. Leon Leal, J. Ruiz Contreras, J. T. Ramos Amador, C. Canosa, A. Mur Sierra, L. Ciria Calavia, C. Rodrigo, C. Fortuny Guasch, A. Bohlin, D. Nadal, J. Mok, K. Barlow, S. King, J. Hailey, J. Isiah, K. Reynolds, K. Barclay, F. Mitchell, C. Smith, S. Burns, J. Evans, M. S. Walters, R. Booy, S. Marriage, H. Lyall, G. Tudor Williams, J. Weber, C. Stainsby, S. Bingham, S. Galpin, D. Gibb, V. Novelli, J. Crawley, R. Gilbert, N. Klein, L. Nokes, K. Formica, S. Kaye, M. Sharland, W. Faulkner, K. Sloper, GUARINO, ALFREDO, J., Levy, A., Alimenti, M., Della Negra, W., Queiroz, Y. C., Lian, C. S., Soare, D., Zarowny, S., Korasheh, J., Forbe, T., Jadavji, W., Vaudry, F., Mechinaud, S., Billaudel, S., Auger, J. Nicolas V., Wahn, S., Kropp, C., Bode, A., Bru Capdeville, T., Niehue, D., Richter, S., Freude, G., Horneff, K., Balley, N., Vente, A., Seibt, C., Dammann, A., Sobanjo, G., Nothei, B., Heeren, B., Hinkelmann, K., Butler, E., Haye, C., Giaquinto, S., Cozzani, V., Giacomet, E., Ruga, O., Rampon, F., Zacchello, L., Chieco Bianchi, A., de Rossi, A., De Manzini, C., Salvatore, A., Mazza, M., Duse, A., Soresina, M., Pernici, S., Timpano, A., Manca, A., Loy, A., de Maria, A., Plebani, M. G., Clerici, S., Alberti, M., Bray, R., Pinzani, G., Castelli Gattinara, S., Bernardi, S., Scaccia, S., Liviadiotti, A., Krzysztofiak, A., Angioni, P., Orlandi, M., Cellini, C., Baraldi, M., Portolani, P. A., Tovo, E., Palomba, D., Caselli, A., Maccabruni, Guarino, Alfredo, S., Russo, A., Castaldo, P., Osimani, M., Vignini, H., Scherpbier, P., Leeuwen, A., Delgado, J., Aristegui, R., Cisterna, D., Suarez, I., De José Gomez, M., Herranz Aguirre, M. C., Garcia Rodriguez, J., Echeverria Lecuona, E., Perez Trallero, P., Echaniz Aizpuru, P., Martin Fontelo, M. J., Mellado Pena, A., Bernal, J. M., Perez Gonzale, M., Gracia Casanova, J. A., Leon Leal, J., Ruiz Contrera, J. T., Ramos Amador, C., Canosa, A., Mur Sierra, L., Ciria Calavia, C., Rodrigo, C., Fortuny Guasch, A., Bohlin, D., Nadal, J., Mok, K., Barlow, S., King, J., Hailey, J., Isiah, K., Reynold, K., Barclay, F., Mitchell, C., Smith, S., Burn, J., Evan, M. S., Walter, R., Booy, S., Marriage, H., Lyall, G., Tudor William, J., Weber, C., Stainsby, S., Bingham, S., Galpin, D., Gibb, V., Novelli, J., Crawley, R., Gilbert, N., Klein, L., Noke, K., Formica, S., Kaye, M., Sharland, W., Faulkner, and K., Sloper

Subjects
Male, Quality Control, Aging, Anti-HIV Agents, Infant, Drug Resistance, Microbial, HIV Infections, Viral Load, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Double-Blind Method, Child, Preschool, HIV-1, Humans, Point Mutation, RNA, Viral, Female, Viremia, Child, Zidovudine
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Plasma HIV-1 RNA levels are high in vertically infected infants. Information in older children is limited, particularly in those who have not received antiretroviral therapy. OBJECTIVES: To describe the relationships between HIV-1 RNA, age and CD4 cell count in untreated vertically infected children. DESIGN: HIV-1 RNA was measured in 70 children [median age, 3.5 years (range, 0.4-11.9 years); median CD4 cell count, 881 x 10(6)/l (interquartile range, 576-1347 x 10(6) cells/l)] enrolled in a randomized placebo-controlled trial comparing immediate with deferred zidovudine in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic vertically infected children (PENTA-1 trial). Short-term variability was assessed by comparing HIV-1 RNA at -2 and 0 weeks (prior to randomization). The relationship between age and HIV-1 RNA, and CD4 cell count was analysed using data from all children prior to randomization and sequential samples from 35 remaining on placebo for up to 105 weeks, by fitting mixed linear models. RESULTS: The within-individual SD in viral load was 0.26 log10 copies/ml. The median plasma HIV-1 RNA at enrollment was 4.61 log10 (range, 2.3-6.56 log10 copies/ml), significantly higher in children aged < or = 2 years (median, 5.23 log10 copies/ml) than in those aged > 2 years (4.51 log10 copies/ml; P < 0.0001). Mean HIV-1 RNA fell by 0.38 log10 copies/ml per year up to 2 years of age, by 0.21 log10 copies/ml per year from 2 to 4 years of age, and by 0.03 log10 copies/ml per year from 4 to 6 years of age reaching a nadir of 4.25 log10 copies/ml at 6 years. Mean log10 CD4 cell count declined steadily with age and was not significantly correlated with HIV-1 RNA, although there was some evidence that the rate of log10 CD4 cell decline was negatively correlated with the initial rate of HIV-1 RNA decline. No mutations associated with resistance to zidovudine were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Age is a key factor in the interpretation of both viral load and CD4 cell count in vertically infected children

Published
1998

26. Microthermogravimetric analysis as a useful tool for in-situ planetary space missions

Author

E. Palomba (1), A. Zinzi (1), A.Longobardo (1), G. Bellucci (1), E. Zampetti (2), S. Pantalei (2), A. Bearzotti (2), and A. Macagnano (2).

Abstract

Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) is a widely used technique to investigate condensation/sublimation and absorption/desorption processes of volatile compounds in different environments. TGA analyzers are used to investigate outgassing contamination in Space, dehydration and organic decomposition in minerals, as well as to measure moisture content in foods or develop temperature profiles for firing ceramics [1,2,3]. TGA is often coupled with other analytical techniques (e.g., mass spectroscopy and FTIR) in order to determine the specific off-gas materials [4,5].

Published
2008

27. Evolution of hepatitis C viral quasispecies and hepatic injury in perinatally infected children followed prospectively

Author

Anna Maria Casadei, Angela Vegnente, Pier-Angelo Tovo, E. Palomba, Isabella Quinti, Harvey J. Alter, Alessandra Coiana, R Strazzera, Giacomo Diaz, Patrizia Farci, Ritarella Ledda, Raffaele Iorio, Daniele Cao, Stefania Farci, Farci, P, Quinti, I, Farci, S, Alter, Hj, Strazzera, R, Palomba, E, Coiana, A, Cao, D, Casadei, Am, Ledda, R, Iorio, Raffaele, Vegnente, Angela, Diaz, G, and Tovo, Pa

Subjects
Male, Hepatitis C virus, Population, Molecular Sequence Data, Viral quasispecies, Hepacivirus, Biology, perinatal hepatitis C virus infection, genetic variability, alanine aminotransferase levels, medicine.disease_cause, perinatal hepatitis c virus infection, medicine, Humans, education, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Alanine Transaminase, Hepatitis C, Biological Sciences, medicine.disease, Virology, Biological Evolution, Hypervariable region, Alanine transaminase, Viral evolution, Immunology, biology.protein, Female, Viral load
Abstract

Perinatal infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is characterized by a wide range of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. The mechanisms responsible for this variability are unknown. We examined whether the evolution of the HCV quasispecies was associated with different ALT profiles in perinatally infected children. Sequences within HCV envelope 1 and 2 genes, inclusive of the hypervariable region 1, the viral load, and the nascent humoral immunity were analyzed in serial serum samples from 12 perinatally infected children prospectively followed for a median of 53 months. These patients were selected to represent two different ALT patterns during the first year of life: 6 had high levels (maximum values ranging from 4.2 to 30 times the normal upper limit), and 6 had normal or slightly elevated levels (2 times the normal upper limit). Two patterns of viral evolution were identified according to the ALT profiles. Biochemical evidence of hepatic injury was invariably associated with a mono- or oligoclonal viral population, whereas mild or no liver damage correlated with the early emergence of a heterogeneous viral quasispecies. Consistent with selective immune pressure, amino acid changes occurred almost exclusively within the hypervariable region 1 and were temporally associated with antibody seroconversion; at this time, the difference in genetic diversity between the two groups was highly significant (P = 0.002). The two patterns of viral evolution persisted over time and did not correlate with viral load or genotype. Our study demonstrates that, in perinatally infected children, the evolution of HCV quasispecies correlates with hepatic injury. The sequences reported in this paper have been deposited in the GenBank database (accession nos. DQ 504441-DQ 507112).

Published
2006

29. Prognostic factors and survival in children with perinatal HIV-1 infection

Author

P. A. Tovo, M. De Martino, C. Gabiano, N. Cappello, R. D'Elia, A. Loy, A. Plebani, G. V. Zuccotti, P. Dallacasa, G. Ferraris, D. Caselli, C. Fundarò, P. D'argenio, L. Galli, N. Principi, M. Stegagno, E. Ruga, E. Palomba, P. L. Mazzoni, G. Calabri, C. Timpano, M. Duse, F. Schettini, M. Rizzi, M. Belloni, C. Iannuzzi, G. Romano, R. Consolini, E. Bresciani, P. Bertolini, T. Bezzi, G. L. Forni, G. Gamberetto, V. Portelli, F. Bassanetti, M. G. Trombacco, I. Sala, M. Barbanera, P. Falconieri, A. Mazza, M. Masi, A. Corrias, GUARINO, ALFREDO, P. A., Tovo, M., De Martino, C., Gabiano, N., Cappello, R., D'Elia, A., Loy, A., Plebani, G. V., Zuccotti, P., Dallacasa, G., Ferrari, D., Caselli, C., Fundarò, P., D'Argenio, L., Galli, N., Principi, M., Stegagno, E., Ruga, E., Palomba, P. L., Mazzoni, G., Calabri, C., Timpano, M., Duse, F., Schettini, M., Rizzi, M., Belloni, C., Iannuzzi, G., Romano, R., Consolini, E., Bresciani, P., Bertolini, T., Bezzi, G. L., Forni, G., Gamberetto, V., Portelli, F., Bassanetti, M. G., Trombacco, I., Sala, M., Barbanera, P., Falconieri, A., Mazza, M., Masi, A., Corria, and Guarino, Alfredo

Abstract

The signs that may arise after perinatal infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) have been classified by the Centers for Disease Control, but the clinical usefulness of the classification system and the prognostic importance of each disease pattern have not been established. We sought to address these issues by analysing data from the Italian Register for HIV infection in children. We studied 1887 children born to HIV-1-seropositive mothers. 1045 were identified at birth and the others were registered later (median age 4.8 [range 0.4-72] months). HIV-1-associated signs developed in 433 (81.8%) of 529 seropositive infected children at a median age of 5 (0.03-84) months. These signs appeared significantly earlier in the 102 children who died of HIV-1-related illness than in those who are still alive (median 3 [0.03-55] vs 6 [0.03-84] months; p less than 0.001). The cumulative proportion surviving at age 9 years was 49.5% (95% confidence interval 27-65%) and the median survival time was 96.2 months. Separate analysis of the 112 seropositive infected children followed from birth and older than 15 months gave similar results. Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, parotitis, skin diseases, and recurrent respiratory tract infections formed the mildest disease pattern. Lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis and thrombocytopenia were signs of intermediate disease. By contrast, in multivariate analysis specific secondary infectious diseases, severe bacterial infections, progressive neurological disease, anaemia, and fever were significant and independent negative predictors of survival. Growth failure, persistent oral candidosis, hepatitis, and cardiopathy were associated in univariate analysis with significantly shorter survival. Our findings suggest that the outlook for children with perinatal HIV-1 infection is better than previously thought and that a new clinical staging system of single disease patterns is needed.

Published
1992

30. Comparison of dual nucleoside-analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitor regimens with HIV-1 who have not previously been treated: the PENTA 5 randomized trial

Author

J. P. Aboulker, A. Babiker, A. Compagnucci, J. H. Darbyshire, M. Debré, C. Giaquinto, D. M. Gibb, L. Harper, Y. Saidi, AS Walker, J. Darbyshire, D. Johnson, P. Kelleher, L. McGee, A Newberry, A. Poland, A. S. Walker, J P. Aboulker, I. Carrière, V. Eliette, S. Leonardo, M. Gersten, A. Jones, S. Blanche, A. B. Bohlin, K Butler, G. Castelli Gattinara, P. Clayden, R De Groot, A. Faye, C. Griscelli, I Grosch Wörner, C. Kind, H. Lyall, J. Levy, M. Mellado Pena, D. Nadal, C Peckham, J. T. Ramos Amador, L. Rosado, C. Rudin, H. Scherpbier, M Sharland, P. A. Tovo, G. Tudor Williams, N. Valerius, A. Volny Anne, U Wintergerst, V. Wahn, C. Hill, P Lepage, A. Pozniak, S. Vella, M. Hainaut, A. Peltier, S. Carlier, G. Zissis, M. Della Negra, W. Queiroz, L. P. Feitosa, D Oliveira, F. Mechinaud, F. Ballerau, A. Lepelletier, S. Billaudel, V. Ferre, I. Grosch Wörner, R. Weigel, K. Seel, C. Feiterna Sperling, D. Ohlendorf, G. Riße, C. Müller, T. Niehues, J. Ndagijimana, G. Horneff, N. Vente, R. Ganschow, T. Simon, R. Vossen, H Pfister, U. Wintergerst, G. Notheis, G. Strotmann, S Schlieben, K. Butler, E. Hayes, M. O’Mara, J. Fanning, F. Goggins, S. Moriarty, M. Byrne, L. Battisti, M. Duse, S. Timpano, E. Uberti, P. Crispino, P. Carrara, F. Fomia, A. Manca, L. Galli, M. de Martino, F. Fioredda, E. Pontali, M. Cellini, C. Baraldi, M. Portolani, M. Meacci, P. Pietrosemoli, R. Berni Canani, P. Laccetti, M. Gobbo, V. Giacomet, R. D’Elia, O. Rampon, E. Ruga, A. de Rossi, M. Zanchetta, D. Caselli, A. Maccabruni, E. Cattaneo, V Landini, S. Bernardi, A. Krzysztofiak, C. Tancredi, P. Rossi, L. Pansani, E. Palomba, C. Gabiano, A. Mazza, G. Rossetti, R. Nicolin, A. Timillero, F. Candeias, G Santos, M. L. Ramos Ribeiro, M. C. Almeida, M. H. Lourenço, R. Antunes, M. J. Mellado Pena, M L. Carillo de Albornoz, P. Martinez Santos, L. Ciria Calavia, J. Serra Devecchi, O. Delgado, N. Matamoros, A. Foot, H. Kershaw, C. Kelly, O. Caul, W. Tarnow Mordi, J. Petrie, A. McDowell, P. McIntyre, K. Appleyard, K. Sloper, V. Shah, K. Cheema, A. Aali, J. Mok, R. Russell, A. Brewster, N. Richardson, S. Burns, D. Gibb, V. Novelli, N. Klein, S. Ewen, V. Yeung, C. Ball, K. Himid, D. Nayagam, D. Graham, A. Barrie, K. Stringer, S. Jones, N. Weerasooriya, M. Zuckerman, P. Bracken, E. Cooper, T. Fisher, R. Barrie, U. Patel, V. Van Someren, K. Moshal, L. Perry, T. Gundlach, J. Norman, M. Sharland, M. Richardson, S. Donaghy, Z. Mitchla, C. Wells, J. Booth, A. Shipp, J. White, S. Head, S. Lambers, K. O’Hara, C. Stainsby, G. Du Mont, T. Solanki, S. Swanton, S. O’Shea, A. Tilsey, S. Kaye, A. Finn, S. Choo, R. Lakshman, L. Barr, G. Bell, A. Siddens, GUARINO, ALFREDO, SPAGNUOLO, MARIA IMMACOLATA, Aboulker, J. P., Babiker, A., Compagnucci, A., Darbyshire, J. H., Debré, M., Giaquinto, C., Gibb, D. M., Harper, L., Saidi, Y., Walker, A, Darbyshire, J., Johnson, D., Kelleher, P., Mcgee, L., Newberry, A, Poland, A., Walker, A. S., Aboulker, J P., Carrière, I., Eliette, V., Leonardo, S., Gersten, M., Jones, A., Blanche, S., Bohlin, A. B., Butler, K, Castelli Gattinara, G., Clayden, P., R De Groot, Faye, A., Griscelli, C., I Grosch Wörner, Kind, C., Lyall, H., Levy, J., Mellado Pena, M., Nadal, D., Peckham, C, Ramos Amador, J. T., Rosado, L., Rudin, C., Scherpbier, H., Sharland, M, Tovo, P. A., Tudor Williams, G., Valerius, N., Volny Anne, A., Wintergerst, U, Wahn, V., Hill, C., Lepage, P, Pozniak, A., Vella, S., Hainaut, M., Peltier, A., Carlier, S., Zissis, G., Della Negra, M., Queiroz, W., Feitosa, L. P., Oliveira, D, Mechinaud, F., Ballerau, F., Lepelletier, A., Billaudel, S., Ferre, V., Grosch Wörner, I., Weigel, R., Seel, K., Feiterna Sperling, C., Ohlendorf, D., Riße, G., Müller, C., Niehues, T., Ndagijimana, J., Horneff, G., Vente, N., Ganschow, R., Simon, T., Vossen, R., Pfister, H, Wintergerst, U., Notheis, G., Strotmann, G., Schlieben, S, Butler, K., Hayes, E., O’Mara, M., Fanning, J., Goggins, F., Moriarty, S., Byrne, M., Battisti, L., Duse, M., Timpano, S., Uberti, E., Crispino, P., Carrara, P., Fomia, F., Manca, A., Galli, L., de Martino, M., Fioredda, F., Pontali, E., Cellini, M., Baraldi, C., Portolani, M., Meacci, M., Pietrosemoli, P., Guarino, Alfredo, Spagnuolo, MARIA IMMACOLATA, Berni Canani, R., Laccetti, P., Gobbo, M., Giacomet, V., D’Elia, R., Rampon, O., Ruga, E., de Rossi, A., Zanchetta, M., Caselli, D., Maccabruni, A., Cattaneo, E., Landini, V, Bernardi, S., Krzysztofiak, A., Tancredi, C., Rossi, P., Pansani, L., Palomba, E., Gabiano, C., Mazza, A., Rossetti, G., Nicolin, R., Timillero, A., Candeias, F., Santos, G, Ramos Ribeiro, M. L., Almeida, M. C., Lourenço, M. H., Antunes, R., Mellado Pena, M. J., Carillo de Albornoz, M L., Martinez Santos, P., Ciria Calavia, L., Serra Devecchi, J., Delgado, O., Matamoros, N., Foot, A., Kershaw, H., Kelly, C., Caul, O., Tarnow Mordi, W., Petrie, J., Mcdowell, A., Mcintyre, P., Appleyard, K., Sloper, K., Shah, V., Cheema, K., Aali, A., Mok, J., Russell, R., Brewster, A., Richardson, N., Burns, S., Gibb, D., Novelli, V., Klein, N., Ewen, S., Yeung, V., Ball, C., Himid, K., Nayagam, D., Graham, D., Barrie, A., Stringer, K., Jones, S., Weerasooriya, N., Zuckerman, M., Bracken, P., Cooper, E., Fisher, T., Barrie, R., Patel, U., Van Someren, V., Moshal, K., Perry, L., Gundlach, T., Norman, J., Sharland, M., Richardson, M., Donaghy, S., Mitchla, Z., Wells, C., Booth, J., Shipp, A., White, J., Head, S., Lambers, S., O’Hara, K., Stainsby, C., Du Mont, G., Solanki, T., Swanton, S., O’Shea, S., Tilsey, A., Kaye, S., Finn, A., Choo, S., Lakshman, R., Barr, L., Bell, G., and Siddens, A.

Abstract

Introduction Treatment options for children with HIV-1 are limited. We aimed to compare activity and safety of three dualnucleoside analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) regimens with or without a protease inhibitor in previously untreated children with HIV-1. Methods In our multicentre trial, we randomly assigned 36 children to zidovudine and lamivudine, 45 to zidovudine and abacavir, and 47 to lamivudine and abacavir. Children who were symptomfree (n=55) were also randomly assigned to receive nelfinavir or placebo. Children with more advanced disease received open-label nelfinavir (73). Primary endpoints were change in plasma HIV-1 RNA at 24 and 48 weeks for the NRTI comparison and occurrence of serious adverse events for both randomised comparisons. Analyses were by intention to treat. Findings Children had a median CD4 percentage of 22% (IQR 15–29) and a mean HIV-1 RNA concentration of 5·0 log copies/mL (SD 0·8). One child was lost to follow-up and one died of sepsis. At 48 weeks, in the zidovudine/lamivudine, zidovudine/abacavir, and lamivudine/abacavir groups, mean HIV-1 RNA had decreased by 1·71, 2·19, and 2·63 log copies/mL, respectively (estimated in absence of nelfinavir) (p=0·02 after adjustment for baseline factors). One child had a hypersensitivity reaction to abacavir; and three with possible reactions stopped abacavir. There were 24 serious adverse events—six in the symptom-free children (all on nelfinavir), but none were attributed to nelfinavir. Interpretation Regimens containing abacavir were more effective than zidovudine/lamivudine. Such regimens could be combined with protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors for safe and effective treatment of previously untreated children with HIV-1.

Published
2002

31. High rate of maternal-infant transmission of hepatitis G virus in HIV-1 and hepatitis C virus-infected women

Author

E. Palomba, Pier-Angelo Tovo, and Bairo A

Subjects
Hepatitis, Viral, Human, Hepatitis C virus, Viremia, HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Virus, Serology, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Pregnancy, medicine, Humans, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Child, business.industry, Transmission (medicine), Flaviviridae, virus diseases, Infant, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Virology, Hepatitis C, digestive system diseases, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Immunology, Coinfection, HIV-1, Female, Viral disease, business
Abstract

The prevalence of hepatitis G virus (HGV) infection was investigated in 56 mothers with both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Thirty-three (58.8%) women had markers of HGV infection, including 7/15 (46.6%) with no history of parenteral exposure to blood. Sixteen (48%) had HGV RNA in serum by a polymerase chain reaction assay, and 17 (52%) had antibody to E2 viral protein. No woman was positive for both markers. Of 20 infants born to the 16 mothers with HGV viremia, 9 (45%, 95% CI 34-56%) acquired the infection. No infected child seroconverted to HGV during the first year of life. At the latest visit (mean: 37. 1 mo, range: 9-89 mo) 7 children were still seronegative HGV RNA carriers, I was both RNA- and antibody-negative, while 1 RNA-negative child had developed the E2 antibody. Of the 20 HGV-exposed infants, 2 contracted HCV and I HIV-1 (all 3 with HGV coinfection). No abnormalities in clinical findings and ALT levels were observed throughout the follow-up period in the six children with HGV infection alone. Our findings show that HGV infection is widespread among HIV-1- and HCV-infected women. Maternal-infant transmission of HGV is common and occurs independently from that of HIV- 1 and HCV in women with triple infection. Most perinatally HGV-infected children develop persistent infection with no clinical or biological signs of liver damage, at least in the first years of life.

Published
2000

32. Polymorphism at codon 54 of mannose-binding protein gene influences AIDS progression but not HIV infection in exposed children

Author

Cristina Serra, Antonio Amoroso, Gabriella Scarlatti, Pier-Angelo Tovo, Michele Boniotto, E. Palomba, M. Berrino, Sergio Crovella, Serena Vatta, Amoroso, A, Berrino, M, Boniotto, M, Crovella, Sergio, Palomba, E, Scarlatti, G, Serra, C, Tovo, Pa, and Vatta, S.

Subjects
Immunology, HIV Infections, Biology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Immunopathology, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Sida, Child, Codon, Gene, Alleles, Mannan-binding lectin, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Polymorphism, Genetic, Binding protein, Acute-phase protein, Infant, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, Collectins, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Disease Progression, Viral disease, Carrier Proteins, Mannose
Published
1999

33. Anti-HCV antibodies in a population of insulin-dependent diabetic children and adolescents

Author

F Cerutti, E Palomba, C Sacchetti, V Gay, A Versace, and P A Tovo

Subjects
Male, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Population, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, Humans, Medicine, Child, education, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, education.field_of_study, biology, business.industry, Anti hiv, Hepatitis C antibody, Hepatitis C Antibodies, medicine.disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Population Surveillance, Immunology, biology.protein, Female, Antibody, business, Insulin dependent
Published
1999

34. Increased risk of maternal-infant hepatitis C virus transmission for women coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Italian Study Group for HCV Infection in Children

Author

P A, Tovo, E, Palomba, G, Ferraris, N, Principi, E, Ruga, P, Dallacasa, and A, Maccabruni

Subjects
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Hepatitis C, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Cohort Studies, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, HIV-1, Humans, Female, Prospective Studies, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

To estimate the risk of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and identify correlates of transmission, 245 perinatally exposed singleton children followed prospectively beyond 18 months of age were studied. Overall, 28 (11.4%) of the 245 children acquired HCV infection. Transmission occurred in 3 of 80 children (3.7%) whose mothers had HCV infection alone and in 25 of 165 (15.1%; P.01) whose mothers had concurrent infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The percentage of HIV-1-infected children was similar (22 of 165, 13.3%), but each virus was transmitted independently; only six infants (3.6%) were coinfected with HCV and HIV-1. The risk of HCV transmission was not associated with maternal HIV-1-related symptoms, intravenous drug use, prematurity, low birth weight, or breast-feeding, whereas it was lower with cesarean section than with vaginal delivery (5.6% vs. 13.9%, P = .06). This suggests that transmission occurs mainly around the time of delivery.

Published
1997

35. Growth impairment, IGF I hyposecretion and thyroid dysfunction in children with perinatal HIV-1 infection

Author

Roberto Lala, L. de Sanctis, Altare F, P Matarazzo, Pier-Angelo Tovo, E Ciuti, and E. Palomba

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Thyroid Gland, HIV Infections, Asymptomatic, Auxology, children, HIV-1, IGF I, thyroid function, Internal medicine, Immunopathology, Age Determination by Skeleton, HIV Seropositivity, medicine, Humans, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Child, Growth Disorders, business.industry, Growth factor, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Bone age, General Medicine, Endocrinology, El Niño, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Disease Progression, Female, Thyroid function, medicine.symptom, business, Hormone
Abstract

We evaluated the growth pattern, bone age, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) secretion and thyroid function in 24 perinatally infected children: 9 asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic (group 1) and 15 with a more advanced disease state and treated with zidovudine (group 2). Statural and ponderal growth were compared with those of 37 at-risk children who seroreverted. During the two-year follow-up, 22% of children in group 1 had impaired growth, 33% bone age delay, 45% reduced IGF I levels but none had thyroid dysfunction. In group 2, 53% had growth failure, 53% bone age delay, 86% reduced IGF I levels and 40% thyroid dysfunction. Among seroreverters, none showed growth impairment; statistically significant differences were found for height, weight and height velocity between perinatally infected children and seroreverters. Since auxological and hormonal evaluations run parallel to the clinical course of infection, these indices may be useful in monitoring disease progression.

Published
1994

36. Oral lesions in children born to HIV-1 positive women

Author

D. Greco, M. Cavallari, P. A. Tovo, M. Bruatto, R. Raiteri, Moniaci D, E. Palomba, and Alessandro Sinicco

Subjects
Male, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, CD4-CD8 Ratio, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Cohort Studies, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Candidiasis, Oral, Pregnancy, Immunopathology, Internal medicine, Epidemiology, HIV Seropositivity, medicine, Humans, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Child, Mycosis, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, business.industry, Infant, medicine.disease, Corpus albicans, stomatognathic diseases, Otorhinolaryngology, El Niño, Child, Preschool, Immunology, Cohort, HIV-1, Periodontics, Female, Viral disease, Oral Surgery, business, Mouth Diseases
Abstract

A cohort of 69 children born to HIV-1 positive women was studied to evaluate types, prevalences and relationships to clinical stages of HIV-1-related oral lesions. In addition, relationships among C. albicans biotypes, clinical features of oral candidiasis and HIV-1 disease were investigated. C. albicans biotypes did not correlate with clinical features of oral lesions, disease stages and CD4+ lymphocyte count. Of 8 patients with recurrent oral candidiasis, 4 changed clinical features and 5 changed biotype. Our study pointed out the high frequency (28.9%) of oral lesions, especially caused by fungi and the importance of the examination of the oral cavity in children born to HIV-1 positive women.

Published
1993

38. Persistent Fever as the Only Manifestation of Chronic Coxsackievirus B4 Infection in the Brain of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1‐Infected Child

Author

Pier-Angelo Tovo and E. Palomba

Subjects
Male, Microbiology (medical), Fever, Opportunistic infection, Coxsackievirus Infections, Coxsackievirus, medicine.disease_cause, Virus, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), medicine, Humans, Sida, Brain Diseases, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, biology, business.industry, Meningoencephalitis, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Enterovirus B, Human, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Immunology, Enterovirus, Viral disease, business
Published
1999
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39. Asymptomatic women at high risk of vertical HIV-1 transmission to their fetuses

Author

R. D'Ambrosio, B. Salassa, E. Palomba, Antonio Ponti, Cecilia Tibaldi, Alessandro Sinicco, Pier-Angelo Tovo, Mauro Sciandra, and Nahid Ziarati

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Pregnancy, Fetus, business.industry, Obstetrics, Transmission (medicine), Lymphocyte, Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Medicine, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Asymptomatic, medicine.anatomical_structure, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Relative risk, Immunology, Gestation, Medicine, Viral disease, medicine.symptom, business, Prospective cohort study
Abstract

Objective To identify how reliably CD4+ (helper) lymphocyte count and p24 antigenaemia can predict mother-to-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Design Prospective study. Setting University of Turin Center for Intravenous Drug Users (IVDU) and/or HIV-1 seropositive pregnant women. Subjects Twenty-nine infants born to asymptomatic seropositive women from November 1985 to June 1991. Results Seven children (24%) developed symptomatic infection, while 22 healthy seronegative children at the age of 18 months were considered uninfected. A CD4+ lymphocyte count persistently

Published
1994
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40. Zidovudine treatment increases erythrocyte adenosine deaminase activity

Author

Clara Gabiano, Gianpiero Pescarmona, Pier-Angelo Tovo, E. Palomba, and David O

Subjects
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Erythrocytes, Time Factors, biology, Adenosine Deaminase, business.industry, Immunology, HIV Infections, AMP deaminase, Pharmacology, Zidovudine, Infectious Diseases, Adenosine deaminase, Child, Preschool, HIV-1, biology.protein, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Child, business, medicine.drug
Published
1991
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41. Selective IgA deficiency in juvenile-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Author

F, Cerutti, A, Urbino, C, Sacchetti, E, Palomba, M, Zoppo, and P A, Tovo

Subjects
Male, Adolescent, T-Lymphocytes, IgA Deficiency, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Immunoglobulin M, Child, Preschool, Immunoglobulin G, Immunoglobulin A, Secretory, Humans, Female, Child, Saliva, Skin Tests
Abstract

Variation of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels and increased frequency of selective IgA deficiency are frequently associated with autoimmune diseases. In insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (I.D.D.M.) pathogenesis autoimmunity is known to play a causative role. Aim of the present study was to evaluate serum major immunoglobulin subclasses levels and frequency of IgA selective deficiency in juvenile onset I.D.D.M. IgG, IgA, IgM concentrations were determined in 191 insulin-dependent children and adolescents (100 males, 91 females; mean age 10.6 divided by 4.8 yrs; mean duration of I.D.D.M. 5.7 divided by 3.9 yrs) and in 180 age-matched healthy controls. Mean Ig levels were comparable among both group. Duration of I.D.D.M. did not affect mean serum Ig levels. Selective IgA deficiency was found in 7 on 191 diabetics: this gives a prevalence of the defect of 1:27, which is higher than in the Italian pediatric population (1:500). HLA typing evidenced 2 DR3 positive patients, 2 DR4, 1 B8-DR3 and 1 B8-DR3/DR4. The significance of selective IgA deficiency in I.D.D.M. is discussed.

Published
1988

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