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Metabolic Syndrome (MS) has become a major health hazard in the current world by triggering cardiovascular and renal pathologies. Chia seed is a rich source of bioactive food components (n-3 fatty acids, antioxidants and fiber, among others) with several benefits on cardiovascular health. Therefore, we hypothesized that the intake of chia seed could counteract kidney failure of MS by protecting against lipid accretion, oxidative stress and fibrosis in this tissue. An experimental model of MS was induced by feeding male Wistar rats for 3 months with a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) containing corn oil as a source of fat. During the next 3 months, half of the animals continued with SRD. The other half received the SRD in which corn oil was replaced by Salvia hispanica L. seeds (chia) (SRD+C). The control group received a reference diet (RD). In experimental MS, dietary administration of chia seed significantly decreased albumin and glucose urine levels (p

Bioactive peptides modulates pro-inflammatory state and oxidative stress associated to Metabolic Syndrome.

Neoheterobothrium chilense Gonzalez, Oliva & Acuna, 2002 is redescribed based on newly collected specimens from the type host, Hippoglossina macrops and type locality (Coquimbo, Northern Chile). Type specimens of Neoheterobothrium hippoglossini Piasecki, Wierzbicka & Kempter, 2000 and Choricotyle exilis Crane, 1972 are also redescribed. These three diclidophorid monogeneans infecting pleuronectiform flatfishes have pre-ovarian seminal receptacle, ootype inside the semicircle of ovary and elongated pharynx, differentiated from the most similar Orbocotyle Euzet & Suriano, 1975 in that members of the latter genus possess post-ovarian seminal receptacle, post-ovarian ootype and cylindrical or pyriform pharynx. Paraheterobothrium n. g. is proposed for P. chilense n. comb. (type), P. hippoglossini n. comb., P. exilis n. comb., P. papillosum n. comb. and P. syacii n. comb. A redescription of Neoheterobothrium affine (Linton, 1898), the type species of the genus, based on voucher specimens confirmed differences from the new genus in the presence of lamellate plate in the anterior jaw of clamps, absence of seminal receptacle and ovoid pharynx. The genus Neoheterobothrium was emended and N. cynoscioni (MacCallum, 1917) and N. mcdonaldi Payne, 1987 were removed from the genus. Neoheterobothrium now comprises N. affine (type), N. insulare Oliva & Luque, 1995, N. hirame Ogawa, 1999, and N. paralichthyi Suriano & Labriola, 1999, all of them parasites of flatfishes of the genus Paralichthys. Molecular analyses with the internal transcribed spacer 1 distinguished the clade for Paraheterobothrium spp. (P. chilense n. comb. and P. papillosum n. comb.) and Neoheterobothrium spp. (N. hirame, N. affine and N. paralichthyi), supporting this taxonomic emendation.

Distribution of blood fluke Aporocotyle spp. parasitizing Merluccius species from the coasts of South America (Peru, Chile and Argentina) constitutes an excellent opportunity to evaluate the geographical amplitude in which a parasite can exploit the same host species. Phylogenetic analyses (partial sequences of SSU rDNA, LSU rDNa, and cox1 gene) were performed to characterize the genetic lineage of Aporocotyle species described from South American Hake: Merluccius australis, M. gayi, and M. hubbsi. The Phylogenetic analyses (SSUrDNA and LSUrDNA) revealed an absence of genetic variability in Aporocotyle obtained over a gradient of 6800 km, covering two oceans and three closely related hosts. Consequently, the species infecting Merluccius spp. in South America is Aporocotyle argentinensis Smith 1969, by priority law. Phylogeographic analysis suggests a pattern of spatial differentiation and genetic population structure associated with the geographical distribution of the host’s species. A specimen with a haplotype found in M. gayi was collected from M. australis from Puerto Montt, and three worms (from Coquimbo, Constitución and Talcahuano, host M. gayi) harbored a haplotype found in M. australis + M. hubbsi, suggesting that the gene flow between different hosts and geographical distributions occurs when the distribution of adequate hosts overlaps, avoiding speciation in blood flukes from South American hakes.

We present the first systematic study of lithium abundance in a chemically homogeneous sample of 27 red supergiants (RSGs) in the young Perseus complex. For these stars, accurate stellar parameters and detailed chemical abundances of iron and iron peak, CNO, alpha, light and neutron-capture elements have been already obtained by means of high resolution optical and near-infrared spectroscopy. The observed RSGs have half-solar metallicity, 10-30 Myr age, bolometric luminosities in the 10$^4$-10$^5$ L$_{\odot}$ range and likely mass progenitors in the 9-14 M$_{\odot}$ range. We detected the optical Li I doublet in eight out of the 27 observed K and M type RSGs, finding relatively low A(Li)$, Comment: Published on ApJ; 6 pages, 2 figures

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Kidneys play a primary role in potassium homeostasis. The association between potassium (sK+) level and mortality or the need for kidney replacement therapy (KRT) during acute kidney injury (AKI) has not been adequately explored. METHOD In this prospective cohort study, AKI patients admitted to the Hospital Civil de Guadalajara were enrolled from August 2017 to June 2021 with AKI. We divided patients into eight groups based on the serum potassium level trajectories up to 10 days following hospitalization: (1) normokalemia (normoK), defined as sK + values between 3.5 and 5.5 mEq/L; (2) corrected hyperkalemia (hyperK), sK+ > 5.5 mEq/L on hospital admission and decreased to normoK; (3) corrected hypokalemia (hypoK), sK+ 5.5 mEq/L. We assessed the association of serum potassium trajectories with mortality and the need for KRT (secondary objective). RESULTS A total of 311 AKI patients were included. The mean age was 52.6 years, and 182 (58.6%) were male. AKI stage 3 was present in 199 (63.9%). KRT started in 112 (36%) patients, and 66 patients (21.2%) were died. After adjusting for confounders, 10-day hospital mortality was significantly higher in group 7 and 8 (OR 1.37 and 1.63; P = CONCLUSION In our prospective cohort, most patients with AKI had alterations in sK + . NormoK to hyperK and uncorrected hyperK were associated with death, while only uncorrected hyperK was correlated with the need for KRT.

A doença cardiovascular aterosclerótica é responsável por cerca de metade da morbidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo. Dentre os fatores de risco temos o tabagismo, a hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus e a dislipidemia – alteração quantitativa das lipoproteínas plasmáticas caracterizada por aumento e/ou redução das partículas – como os mais relevantes. Nesse contexto, a prevenção secundária dos indivíduos que já se encontram com essa doença instalada ou que possuem histórico de eventos clínicos relacionado, como infarto agudo do miocárdio e acidente vascular encefálico, consiste em uma série de medidas farmacológicas e não farmacológicas que visam evitar ou minimizar um novo evento clínico cardiovascular. O objetivo do presente estudo foi abordar a prevenção secundária à eventos cardiovasculares tendo como foco o controle do perfil lipídico do paciente. O estudo constitui uma revisão sistemática de literatura realizada nas bases de dados indexadas na Medical LiteratureAnalysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), e Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). Foram utilizados para busca na literatura os descritores em ciências da saúde (DECS): doenças cardiovasculares; prevenção secundária e dislipidemia. A elaboração do estudo seguiu os preceitos da metodologia PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Evidenciou-se a importância do controle do perfil lipídico para prevenção secundária de eventos cardiovasculares. A avaliação de parâmetros, bem como o estabelecimento de metas deve ser realizada de forma individual, levando-se em consideração o quadro de saúde do paciente, risco cardiovascular, e opções terapêuticas. O acompanhamento e controle do perfil lipídico em pacientes cardiopatas deve se dar de forma longitudinal e contínua, para que seja possível uma efetiva prevenção secundária de eventos e complicações cardiovasculares.

The CRyogenic InfraRed Echelle Spectrograph (CRIRES) Upgrade project CRIRES+ extended the capabilities of CRIRES. It transformed this VLT instrument into a cross-dispersed spectrograph to increase the wavelength range that is covered simultaneously by up to a factor of ten. In addition, a new detector focal plane array of three Hawaii 2RG detectors with a 5.3 μm cutoff wavelength replaced the existing detectors. Amongst many other improvements, a new spectropolarimetric unit was added and the calibration system has been enhanced. The instrument was installed at the VLT on Unit Telescope 3 at the beginning of 2020 and successfully commissioned and verified for science operations during 2021, partly remotely from Europe due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The instrument was subsequently offered to the community from October 2021 onwards. This article describes the performance and capabilities of the upgraded instrument and presents on sky results.

The development of visual sensors for traffic analysis can benefit from mimicking two fundamental aspects of the visual system of crabs: their panoramic vision and their visual processing strategy adapted to a flat world. First, the use of omnidirectional cameras in urban environments allows for analyzing the simultaneous movement of many objects of interest over broad areas. This would reduce the costs and complications associated with infrastructure: installation, synchronization, maintenance, and operation of traditional vision systems that use multiple cameras with a limited field of view. Second, in urban traffic analysis, the objects of interest (e.g. vehicles and pedestrians) move on the ground surface. This constraint allows the calculation of the 3D trajectory of the vehicles using a single camera without the need to use binocular vision techniques. The main contribution of this work is to show that the strategy used by crabs to visually analyze their habitat (monocular omnidirectional vision with the assumption of a flat world ) is useful for developing a simple and effective method to estimate the speed of vehicles on long trajectories in urban environments. It is shown that the proposed method estimates the speed with a root mean squared error of 2.7 km h−1.

The Chilean jack mackerel Trachurus murphyi support an important fishery in the South-eastern Pacific Ocean and has declined considerably over time. T. murphyi have asynchronous ovarian development with an oceanic spawning (September to January). Despite the economic importance of this resource critical issue such as characteristics and dynamics of atresia, which affect the reproductive output, are unknown. Females of T. murphyi caught in different spawning seasons were analysed to describe patterns of prevalence and intensity of atresia. General linear models (GLM) were performed by using prevalence and intensity atresia as response variables and gonadosomatic index, condition factor, sea surface temperature, postovulatory follicles and month/year as explanatory variables. The batch fecundity and relative fecundity were compared between females showing atresia, postovulatory follicles and non-atretic females. The stages of atresia identified were alpha, beta and gamma. The GLM showed that variations in the prevalence and intensity of atresia were explained for all variables, except condition factor for prevalence, and gonadosomatic index for intensity of atresia. According to our results, the dynamic of alpha and beta atresia could be considered a potential proxy for any disruption of spawning season. The batch fecundity and relative fecundity were lowest compared with other Trachurus spp. This is the first assessment comparing fecundity between atretic and not atretic females for this species.

Mesonephric lesions in the female genital tract are uncommon, with those arising from the upper tract being much less frequent than those developing in the lower tract (mesonephric hyperplasia and carcinoma). The most common upper tract lesions include rete cyst/cystadenoma and female adnexal tumour of Wolffian origin (FATWO). The integration of morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular studies on FATWOs has enabled recognition of a novel entity, the STK11 adnexal tumour, which is often associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (~50%) and frequently has a salivary gland morphology but an unknown origin. Similarly, 'mesonephric-like' adenocarcinoma, an entity with striking similarities to mesonephric carcinoma but currently favoured to be of Müllerian derivation based on its association with other Müllerian tumours and molecular findings, has also been recently described, and may histologically mimic both FATWOs and STK11 adnexal tumours. In this review, we provide a historical overview of upper female genital tract mesonephric proliferations and discuss mesonephric lesions, STK11 adnexal tumour, mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma, and mimickers, the most common being endometrioid carcinoma.

Context. The Perseus complex in the outer disk of the Galaxy hosts a number of clusters and associations of young stars. Gaia is providing a detailed characterization of their kinematic structure and evolutionary properties. Aims. Within the SPA Large Programme at the TNG, we secured HARPS-N and GIANO-B high-resolution optical and near-infrared (NIR) spectra of the young red supergiant (RSG) stars in the Perseus complex, in order to obtain accurate radial velocities, stellar parameters and detailed chemical abundances. Methods. We used spectral synthesis to best-fit hundreds of atomic and molecular lines in the spectra of the observed 27 RSGs. We obtained accurate estimates of the stellar temperature, gravity, micro and macro turbulence velocities and chemical abundances for 25 different elements. We also measured the $^{12}$C/$^{13}$C abundance ratio. Results. Our combined optical and NIR chemical study provides homogeneous half-solar iron with a small dispersion, about solar-scaled abundance ratios for the iron-peak, alpha and other light elements and a small enhancement of Na, K and neutron-capture elements, consistent with the thin disk chemistry traced by older stellar populations at a similar Galactocentric distance of about 10 kpc. We inferred enhancement of N, depletion of C and of the $^{12}$C/$^{13}$C isotopic abundance ratio, consistent with mixing processes in the stellar interiors during the RSG evolution., 12 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics

espanolIntroduccion:: La COVID-19 es una enfermedad infecciosa del tracto respiratorio de aparicion reciente, considerada una pandemia durante el ano 2020 y que afecta a organos como pulmon, corazon, epitelio intestinal, endotelio vascular, rinones y piel. La progresiva pandemia evidencia la aparicion de manifestaciones dermatologicas en pacientes con COVID-19 cualesquiera que sean los grados de gravedad y puede ser de gran utilidad para el tratamiento y su pronostico. Materiales y metodos: Se realizo una revision bibliografica de diferentes estudios en idioma ingles y espanol mediante los motores de busqueda PubMed, Google academico y OMS, que incluyeran articulos originales y de revision con informacion sobre las manifestaciones dermatologicas en pacientes con COVID-19 dentro del periodo de diciembre de 2019 a diciembre de 2020. Contenido bibliografico:: La mayoria de los pacientes con COVID-19 manifiesta fiebre y sintomas respiratorios, pero se afectan diferentes organos, entre ellos la piel; hasta el momento, la evidencia actual clasifica las manifestaciones dermatologicas en lesiones urticariformes, maculopapulares, papulovesiculares, erupciones purpuricas, livedo reticular, enantematosas y tipo perniosis. Conclusiones: En la bibliografia revisada se advierte que las lesiones urticariformes pueden aparecer antes del inicio de los sintomas de COVID-19, mientras que las maculopapulares se observaron varios dias despues del diagnostico; las erupciones papulovesiculares pueden aparecer antes de otras manifestaciones clinicas, con ellas o despues de la fase aguda de la enfermedad. Al momento no se ha definido un pronostico, o una correlacion, entre la gravedad de las dermatosis y la afectacion de otros organos. EnglishIntroduction: COVID-19 is an infectious disease of the respiratory tract of recent appearance, it has been considered a pandemic in 2020, it affects organs such as the lung, heart, intestinal epithelium, vascular endothelium, kidneys and skin. The progressive pandemic shows the appearance of dermatological manifestations in COVID-19 patients regardless of the degrees of severity and can be very useful for management and prognosis. Materials and methods: A bibliographic review of different studies in English and Spanish was carried out, using the search engines PubMed, academic Google, WHO, which includes original and review articles containing information on dermatological manifestations in COVID-19 patients within the period from December 2019 to December 2020. Bibliographic content: Most patients with COVID-19 manifest fever and respiratory symptoms, however it affects different organs including the skin, so far the current evidence classifies the dermatological manifestations as: urticarial lesions, maculopapular, papulo-vesicular, purpuric, livedo reticular, enanthematous and perniosis-like eruptions. Conclusions: In the collected literature, it is evidenced that urticarial lesions can appear before the onset of COVID-19 symptoms; while the maculopapular ones were observed several days after diagnosis; papulo-vesicular eruptions can be seen before, with, or after the acute phase of the disease. At the moment, a prognosis or a correlation between the severity of dermatoses with involvement of other organs is not defined.

III-V based solar cells have demonstrated highest conversion efficiencies. To enable further integration into the photovoltaic industry cost reduction is required. We present a processing scheme to fabricate inverted GaAs solar cells via patterned direct rear side plating and subsequent epitaxial lift-off. Contact resistances well below 10−4 Ω cm2 are demonstrated using direct nickel plating on a palladium activated surface. In the presented process etching of the AlAs sacrificial layer with hydrofluoric acid is accelerated due to simultaneous attack through the patterned structure, leading to fast lift-off times of below 2:20 h for a four-inch wafer with 8.0×8.5 mm2-sized lift-off areas. We find that the homogeneity of direct plating is crucial for the stability of the process. Characterization results of inverted GaAs thin film cells are presented. The presented processing scheme is a promising approach for the processing of thin film solar cells which enables low-cost rear side metal deposition and a fast lift-off time.

El Sistema de Afloramiento de la Corriente de Humboldt, definido como “a Large Marine Ecosystem”, se extiende a lo largo de la Costa Occidental de América del Sur, desde la zona Centro Sur de Chile (app. 42°S) hasta el Norte del Perú (4°S). Es uno de los mayores sistemas de afloramiento del mundo y responsable por los extraordinariamente altos niveles de producción. Es considerado un sistema clase 1, altamente productivo (>300 g·C/m2-año). Los altos valores de producción primaria de este sistema soportan las más grandes pesquerías a nivel mundial (Alheit & Bernal, 1993). Alrededor del 18-20% de las capturas mundiales provienen de este sistema, específicamente de pelágicos pequeños como anchoveta (Engraulis ringens Jenyns, 1842), sardina (Sardinops sagax (Jenyns, 1842)) y jurel (Trachurus murphyi Nichols, 1920). De un sistema de estas características deberá esperarse una alta diversidad biológica.

El Sistema de Afloramiento de la Corriente de Humboldt, definido como “a Large Marine Ecosystem”, se extiende a lo largo de la Costa Occidental de América del Sur, desde la zona Centro Sur de Chile (app. 42°S) hasta el Norte del Perú (4°S). Es uno de los mayores sistemas de afloramiento del mundo y responsable por los extraordinariamente altos niveles de producción. Es considerado un sistema clase 1, altamente productivo (>300 g·C/m2-año). Los altos valores de producción primaria de este sistema soportan las más grandes pesquerías a nivel mundial (Alheit & Bernal, 1993). Alrededor del 18-20% de las capturas mundiales provienen de este sistema, específicamente de pelágicos pequeños como anchoveta (Engraulis ringens Jenyns, 1842), sardina (Sardinops sagax (Jenyns, 1842)) y jurel (Trachurus murphyi Nichols, 1920). De un sistema de estas características deberá esperarse una alta diversidad biológica.

Eurythenes S.I. Smith in Scudder, 1882 (Crustacea: Amphipoda) are prevalent scavengers of the benthopelagic community from bathyal to hadal depths. While a well-studied genus, molecular systematic studies have uncovered cryptic speciation and multiple undescribed lineages. Here, we apply an integrative taxonomic approach and describe the tenth species, Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov., based on specimens from the 2018 Atacamex and RV Sonne SO261 Expeditions to the southern sector of the Peru-Chile Trench, the Atacama Trench (24–⁠21°S). Eurythenes atacamensis sp. nov. is a large species, max. observed length 83.2 mm, possesses diagnostic features, including a short gnathopod 1 palm and a chelate gnathopod 2 palm, and a distinct genetic lineage based on a 16S rRNA and COI phylogeny. This species is a dominant bait-attending fauna with an extensive bathymetric range, spanning from 4974 to 8081 m. The RV Sonne SO261 specimens were recovered along a 10-station transect from abyssal to hadal depths and further examined for demographic and bathymetric-related patterns. Ontogenetic vertical stratification was evident across the trench axis, with only juveniles present at abyssal depths (4974–6025 m). Total length-depth analysis revealed that the size of females was unrelated to depth, whereas juveniles followed a sigmoidal relationship with a step-up in size at depths >7200 m. Thus, these bathymetric trends suggest that juveniles and females employ differing ecological strategies in subduction trench environments. This study highlights that even dominant and ecologically important species are still being discovered within the abyssal and hadal environments. Continued systematic expeditions will lead to an improved understanding of the eco-evolutionary drivers of speciation in the world’s largest ecosystem.