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The paper considers options for reducing environmental losses in Polotsk and Novopolotsk through the development of trolleybus and tram systems – various types of urban electric transport. In order to reduce the costs of creating transport (including charging) infrastructure, as well as operating costs, the effectiveness of such systems has been determined when using not only classic types of transport, but also hybrid buses, electric buses, duo-buses. Approaches and methods have been developed to improve the quality of passenger service without deteriorating the environmental situation – this will become possible thanks to the development of tram and trolleybus traffic in Polotsk and Novopolotsk. Variants of scenarios for the use of various types of urban eclectic transport in the cities under study are presented, which will reduce investment in vehicles and the cost of creating an operational base at the expense of existing production facilities, for example, a tram fleet. In addition, this will make it possible to create and organize a unique agglomeration rail passenger system, which can become one of the ways to develop the tourist potential of Polotsk and Novopolotsk. The proposals outlined in the paper are aimed at improving the environmental situation in these cities by reducing the volume of emissions of harmful substances by buses, especially on the central streets.

Road traffic accidents of vehicles with a rolling stock of railways lead to the most serious consequences. Many level crossings are places of long delays of vehicles both before and after the traffic. In this case and in many others, the intersections of highways with railways sharply limit the capacity of the highway. Level crossings require the utmost attention of the traffic organization, since they must include not only devices for the movement of cars, but also pedestrian and sidings. Despite the fact that the problem of road traffic accidents at level crossings is not new, research and analysis of statistics in this area continues around the world. The paper considers the level crossings on the Republican highways of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Research has been carried out on ways to improve traffic safety at such crossings. The situation at the level crossings of the roads of Republican significance, as well as possible restrictions and regulatory requirements, have been studied in the paper. The paper presents results of a detailed collection of data at the facilities, which will serve as the basis for the development of a detailed program for improving the regulatory and technical base of the road sector in Kazakhstan to improve the safety of road transport infrastructure, taking into account existing standards. Recommendations are given for the implementation and generalization of advanced international experience in organizing road traffic at railway crossings, which will contribute to the adaptation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of the development of transport and communications.

The paper presents results of research on planning, organizational characteristics and regulation modes at the regulated pedestrian crossings, located out of crossroads in the street and road network of Minsk. Some regularities pertaining to the influence of the investigated characteristics on road traffic safety of pedestrians are revealed in the paper. Practical offers on increase of road traffic safety of pedestrians in the Republic of Belarus have been developed on the basis of the executed investigations and cited in the paper.

An analysis of automated control traffic systems in the Republic of Belarus is presented in the paper. As a result of the analysis a classification of existing and designed systems is given in the paper. The paper contains a list of technical means required for systems of a various level and perspective tracks concerning further development of systems are determined in the paper.

Analysis of automated control traffic system application in the Republic of Belarus is given in the paper. A conception is formulated for modernization of automated systems. The conception presupposes to increase a traffic efficiency and its safety. The paper provides a classification of existing automat^ control traffic systems and the systems that are in stage of development and introduction. The proposed classification permits to structurize control methods and algorithms for every system and prepare a list of technical means for systems of various level. Prospective directions of automated control traffic system development in the republic of Belarus are determined in the paper.

The paper proposes a modified model for estimation of potential danger and its further application for an accident in question under interaction of pedestrian and turning transport flows. The developed model is specified on the basis of experimental results and it makes it possible to estimate accident losses with higher accuracy while selecting an optimum scheme of road traffic organization at controlled crossroads.

The article analyzes the specific features of the training specialists in the technique of percutaneous dilatation tracheostomy (PDT) in the intensive care department. This training is divided into three stages (theory, practical demonstration, direct performance of this manipulation by the staff personnel under supervision of experienced doctors). Total number of procedures required for staff doctors to master PDT made 20 and it was accompanied by certain features which however did not cause any significant intra-operative and early post-operative complications. This is the evidence of the successful three stage training at the place of work.

The article is devoted to the research of applicability of gluten-free flours from cereal crops and from by-products of cereal crop processing - ground crumbs sifted out in a process of flake production from rice, corn and millet during the production of biscuit semi-finished products. Taking into account that viscosity is an important technological characteristic of foam-like biscuit dough, as it determines foam strength and dispersed medium stability, the influence of gluten-free flours on the structural and rheological properties of biscuit dough was studied. It is determined that the substitution of wheat flour for cereal flours leads to viscosity reduction of the dough as a consequence of absence of gluten-forming proteins in them. A comparative analysis of changes in viscous properties of biscuit dough based on flour from flakes crumb while warming it up to 60°C with dough based on cereal flours and dough based on wheat flour was held. It is shown that the presence of partially gelatinized starch granules in flour from flake crumb, as a result of technological peculiarities of their extraction, promotes greater demonstration of thickening properties already at the initial stage of baking than in cereal flours. This leads to an increase of dough viscosity and formation of desired rheological characteristics, which provide the porous structure of finished products. To provide the high quality of gluten-free biscuit semi-finished products, the recipe composition of gluten-free biscuit semi-finished product, based on flour mixture from millet flakes crumb, corn and rice flour, was optimized by using the method of mathematical design of experiments. The porosity indicator was chosen as the criteria for the evaluation of influence of proportion of gluten-free flours on the quality of biscuit semi-finished products. The response surfaces of dependency of biscuit porosity from mass ratio of recipe components in the composite mixture were obtained. It was confirmed experimentally that the use of pre-gelatinized acetylated modified starches during the production of gluten-free biscuit semi-finished products, facilitates the stabilization of the structural and rheological properties of foam structure - viscosity growth of biscuit dough because of foam-stabilizing property, which is particular to them. It was demonstrated that the obtained gluten-free biscuit semi-finished products based on flour composite mixtures with addition of modified starches, had high quality indicators. Based on the results of the research conducted, the recipe was formulated, technological parameters of production of new types of gluten-free biscuit semi-finished products were determined. Key