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1. Polarized vector boson scattering in the fully leptonic WZ and ZZ channels at the LHC

Author

A. Ballestrero, E. Maina, and G. Pelliccioli

Subjects
Beyond Standard Model, Higgs Physics, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Isolating the scattering of longitudinal weak bosons at the LHC is an important tool to probe the ElectroWeak Symmetry Breaking mechanism. Separating polarizations of W and Z bosons is complicated, because of non resonant contributions and interference effects. Additional care is necessary when considering Z bosons, due to the γ/Z mixing in the coupling to charged leptons. We propose a method to define polarized signals in ZZ and W + Z scattering at the LHC, which relies on the separation of weak boson polarizations at the amplitude level in Monte Carlo simulations. After validation in the absence of lepton cuts, we investigate how polarized distributions are affected by a realistic set of kinematic cuts (and neutrino reconstruction, when needed). The total and differential polarized cross sections computed at the amplitude level are well defined, and their sum reproduces the full results, up to non negligible but computable interference effects which should be included in experimental analyses. We show that polarized cross sections computed using the reweighting method are inaccurate, particularly at large energies. We also present two procedures which address the model independent extraction of polarized components from LHC data, using Standard Model angular distribution templates.

Published
2019
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2. Local analytic sector subtraction at NNLO

Author

L. Magnea, E. Maina, G. Pelliccioli, C. Signorile-Signorile, P. Torrielli, and S. Uccirati

Subjects
QCD Phenomenology, Jets, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We present a new method for the local subtraction of infrared divergences at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD, for generic infrared-safe observables. Our method attempts to conjugate the minimal local counterterm structure arising from a sector partition of the radiation phase space with the simplifications following from analytic integration of the counterterms. In this first implementation, the method applies to final-state massless particles. We show how our method compactly organises infrared subtraction at NLO, we deduce in detail the general structure of the subtraction terms at NNLO, and we provide a proof of principle with a complete application to a simple process at NNLO.

Published
2018
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3. Factorisation and subtraction beyond NLO

Author

L. Magnea, E. Maina, G. Pelliccioli, C. Signorile-Signorile, P. Torrielli, and S. Uccirati

Subjects
QCD Phenomenology, Jets, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We provide a general method to construct local infrared subtraction counterterms for unresolved radiative contributions to differential cross sections, to any order in perturbation theory. We start from the factorised structure of virtual corrections to scattering amplitudes, where soft and collinear divergences are organised in gauge-invariant matrix elements of fields and Wilson lines, and we define radiative eikonal form factors and jet functions which are fully differential in the radiation phase space, and can be shown to cancel virtual poles upon integration by using completeness relations and general theorems on the cancellation of infrared singularities. Our method reproduces known results at NLO and NNLO, and yields substantial simplifications in the organisation of the subtraction procedure, which will help in the construction of efficient subtraction algorithms at higher orders.

Published
2018
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5. Portfolio Diversification and Financial Performance of Microfinance Institutions in Nairobi County, Kenya

Author

Jully Kemunto Nyabiba and E. Maina Kimani

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Purpose: The current study sought to establish the effect of portfolio diversification on financial performance of microfinance institutions in Kenya. The study focused on establishing the effects of asset class diversification, risk profiling diversification, income diversification and locational diversification on performance of microfinance institutions in Kenya. The study was supported by Shiftability Theory, Capital Market Theory, Resource Based Theory and Balanced Score Card Theory. Methodology: A descriptive research design was used and targeted 57 micro finance institutions operating in Nairobi County and registered under Association of Micro Finance Institutions. The unit of observation comprised of employees in top level management including chief financial officer, operational manager, and chief manager making a total of 171 respondents. The study employed a census approach. Both primary and secondary data were utilized in the study. Primary data was gathered using a five point Likert scale questionnaire while a secondary data collection sheet was utilized to collect secondary data from financial reports of the respective institutions. Both descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyze the collected data. The statistics were generated through Statistical Package for Social Scientists and MS Excel. Findings: The results were displayed in form of tables. The study established that portfolio diversification comprising of asset class, risk profiling, and income diversification positively and significantly affect financial performance of the MFIs operating in Nairobi County as shown by respective beta values of 0.318, 0.288 and 0.498 and significant values of 0.000, 0.005 and 0.000. This bears the implications that enhancing aspects of each of the portfolio diversification contributes to improved financial performance of the institutions. Locational diversification on the other had had a positive but insignificant effect on financial performance of the MFIs (beta=0.103, sig=0.000>0.05) which implies that enhancing aspects of locational diversification contributes insignificantly to financial performance of the MFIs. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study provided recommendations to the management of the MFIs to enhance the levels of asset class diversification, risk profiling diversification, and income diversification since the practices bears positive and significant effect on financial performances of the MFIs.

Published
2023

8. MOBILE BANKING SERVICES AND FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN TAITA TAVETA COUNTY KENYA

Author

Gladwel Wughanga Mwangasu, Richard Ngali, and Kimani E. Maina

Abstract

Purpose: The study sought to assess the impact of mobile banking services and financial inclusion in Taita Taveta County Kenya. The study's goal was to analyze the impact of account information access, transactional, investment, and support services on financial inclusion in Taita Taveta County. Methodology: The study used the Technology Acceptance Model, Diffusion of Innovation, Financial Intermediation, and Silber's Constraint Theory of Innovation. The study used a descriptive research approach. According to the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning's 2020 report, the target population comprises all 11,386 licensed businesses in Taita Taveta county. The study's sample will be gathered from companies and other stakeholders through a stratified random sampling approach as well as convenience sampling. To collect primary data, semi-structured questionnaires will be employed, which will be presented in person. The data was analyzed using SPSS Version 23.0. Findings: According to the study results, the vast majority of respondents were aware of financial inclusion. The study discovered a positive and statistically significant association between access to account information and financial inclusion of registered firms in Taita Taveta County (r = 0.341, p 0.05). This implied that greater access to account information would lead to greater financial inclusion of firms in Taita Taveta County. The study also discovered a favorable and statistically significant association between mobile transactional services and business financial inclusion in Taita Taveta County (r = 0.426, p 0.05). As a result, a rise in mobile transactional services will result in greater financial inclusion of the county's businesses. The data also revealed a favorable and significant link between financial investment mobile services and business financial inclusion in Taita Taveta County (r = 0.512, p 0.05). In Taita Taveta County, there was likewise a positive and significant link between financial assistance mobile services and business financial inclusion (r =.755, p.01). From the study, the researcher concluded that more customers are attracted by the option of getting loans from banks through the phone. Further, more customers were attracted to paperless banking as it eased their record keeping practices on bank transactions. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The researcher recommended that banks need to establish proper policies that will help them improve on financial inclusion in the rural places in Kenya.

Published
2022

9. The use of oral fluralaner for the treatment of feline generalised demodicosis: a case report

Author

I. Matricoti and E. Maina

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Fluralaner, medicine.medical_specialty, 040301 veterinary sciences, business.industry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 030108 mycology & parasitology, medicine.disease, Dermatology, Treatment failure, 0403 veterinary science, Single oral dose, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Demodex cati, Subcutaneous injection, chemistry, Demodicosis, Medicine, Small Animals, business, Adverse effect, Oral retinoid
Abstract

There is little agreement on the most effective and safest treatment for feline demodicosis. Protocols generally consist of long-lasting therapy courses based on rinses, subcutaneous injections, oral drug administration or repeated spot-on formulation and the efficacy of most of these is poorly documented. Many of these products have also been associated with adverse effects and may be difficult to administer in cats, leading to poor owner compliance and treatment failure. This case report describes the successful use of fluralaner in treating a generalised form of demodicosis caused by Demodex cati in an adult cat that was probably triggered by chronic glucocorticoid administration. After a single oral dose of 28 mg/kg fluralaner, negative skin scrapings were obtained within one month and clinical cure within two months. No side effects were observed. Larger studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of fluralaner in treating feline generalised demodicosis.

Published
2017

12. Influence of Online Tax Filing on Tax Compliance among Small and Medium Enterprises in Nakuru Town, Kenya

Author

Josphat Kwasira, Ondara Thomas Gwaro, and Kimani E. Maina

Subjects
Finance, Economic growth, business.industry, 020209 energy, 0502 economics and business, 05 social sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Small and medium-sized enterprises, business, 050203 business & management, Compliance (psychology)
Published
2016

13. Enterprise Resource Planning On Quality Of Financial Reports Of Public Universities In Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The Effect Of Fixed Assets Reporting

Author

Lydia Jemutai Tuitoek and Kimani E. Maina

Subjects
Enterprise Resource planning, Quality financial reports, Public Universities, Fixed Assets
Abstract

An enterprise resource planning is software that integrates several sections in an institution as a separated functional area and each functional area includes a set of business processes with flowing data into a central database. Universities in Kenya are embracing the use of enterprise resource planning in their financial operations. The study seeks to determine the effect of fixed assets reporting on quality of financial reports of public universities in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The research was guided by the fixed assets theory. Descriptive survey research design was used. The study used simple random sampling technique in choosing the sample size from the accessible population and used the Yamane formula to arrive at the sample size which was 92 respondents from the public universities in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. A pilot study was conducted in order to test the validity and reliability of the research questionnaire. Content validity was used as a validity test while reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Questionnaires were used to collect primary data. Data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Data gathered from the questionnaires administered were analyzed using SPSS. The outputs were presented inform of statistical diagrams, tables and graphs. The study used multiple linear regression and correlation analysis to show the relationship between the variables. Findings revealed that fixed assets reporting (β=0.250; p

Published
2018
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14. Corporate Governance And Financial Performance Of Savings And Credit Co-Operatives In Embu County, Kenya

Author

Alexander Mugendi Kanyi, Kimani E. Maina, and Samuel Kariuki

Subjects
Board Composition, corporate risk management, corporate governance, Financial, health care economics and organizations
Abstract

Corporate governance is of great importance for financial performance. Corporate governance issues have attracted public interest in the financial sector both locally and internationally after waves of corporate rip-offs and failures that almost led to loss of confidence in the finance sector. The general objective of this study was to determine the effect of corporate governance on financial performance of Savings and Credit Co-operatives in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The study targeted a population of 65 active Savings and credit Co-operatives operating in Embu County. A sample size of 57 Savings and Credit Co-operatives was used in this study. Stratified sampling technique was used to select the sample. Primary data was collected using self-administered semi-structured questionnaires while secondary data was obtained from financial statements and periodicals using a record survey sheet. Pre-testing of research tool was conducted before the actual data collection was carried, to determine the reliability of the questionnaire by use of a Cronbach‘s alpha, statistical coefficient, while the validity was tested to ensure that the questions in the questionnaire provides adequate coverage to the investigative questions. Correlation and multiple regression analysis was used to establish the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The study findings indicated that corporate governance positively affected the financial performance. In specific the board composition and corporate risk management for SACCOs had a positive effect on the financial performances of the SACCOs. The study is beneficial to SACCOs management in improving the performance of Savings and Credit Co-operatives and enabling them to compete globally. The study recommends gender parity consideration and balanced mix of skilled board members during appointments of the board members. The recommendations are important to the government, especially the department of cooperatives in strengthening policies regarding cooperative societies.

Published
2018
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15. Effect Of Liquidity Management Strategies On Sustainability Of Table Banking Groups In Uasin Gishu County, Kenya

Author

Kimani E. Maina

Subjects
Liquidity management strategies, Sustainability of table banking, Uasin Gishu, Kenya
Abstract

Financial management strategies are crucial determinants of sustainability of table banking groups. It enables groups set clear goals, efficient utilization of resources, proper decisions in sourcing of finances and dividends decision making. The main purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between liquidity management strategies and sustainability of table banking groups in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The study was founded on liquidity preference theory and life cycle theory. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The target population were all table bank groups in Kenya. The accessible population was 538 registered table bank groups in Uasin Gishu County. A sample of 230 groups was involved in the study. Two stage sampling technique was used to narrow down the sub-counties. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 3 sub-counties out of six sub-counties in Uasin Gishu County. Simple random sampling technique was used to select respondents for the actual study. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Descriptive statistical tools included frequencies, percentages, mean, variance and standard deviations. Inferential statistics included Pearsons Product Moment Correlation and multiple regression analysis. Findings were presented in tables, charts and graphs. The study established that liquidity management strategies positively and significantly influence sustainability of table banking groups (β=0.535; p < 0.05). It was concluded that proper financial management strategies could enable table banking groups to enhance their sustainability. The study is expected to guide organizational policy makers and investors as well as financial advisors and consultants on financial management strategies. The study recommended that risk management strategies should be incorporated in financial management strategies. It was also recommended that theories anchored this study should be applied so as to enhance sustainability.

Published
2018
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16. Establishing the Effect of Credit Risk Management Strategies on Sustainability of Table Banking Groups in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya

Author

Patropa Jepkogei Kiptoo and Kimani E. Maina

Subjects
Credit risk management strategies, Sustainability, Table banking groups, Uasin Gishu, Kenya
Abstract

Financial management strategies are crucial determinants of sustainability of table banking groups. The strategies enable groups to set clear goals, efficient utilization of resources, proper decisions in sourcing of finances and dividends decision making. The main purpose of this study therefore was to establish the effect of credit risk management strategies saving strategies, financial regulation strategies and liquidity management strategies on sustainability of table banking groups was assessed. The study was founded on credit risk theory. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The target population were all table bank groups in Kenya. The accessible population was 538 registered table bank groups in Uasin Gishu County. A sample of 230 groups was involved in the study. Two stage sampling technique was used to narrow down the sub-counties. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 3 sub-counties out of the six sub-counties in Uasin Gishu, County. Simple random sampling technique was used to select respondents for the actual study. A pilot study was conducted in order to test the validity and reliability of the research questionnaire. Content validity was used as a validity test while reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Findings were presented in tables, charts and graphs. The study found out that credit risk management strategies significantly influence sustainability of table banking groups (β=0.207; p< 0.05). It was concluded that proper credit management strategies could enable table banking groups by enhancing sustainability. The findings of this study are expected to be employed by table banking groups to ensure business success, hence promoting sustainability and economic development. It was also recommended that theories anchored this study should be applied so as to enhance sustainability.

Published
2018
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17. Effect of Control Environment on Fraud Detection and Prevention at University of Eldoret, Kenya

Author

Koech, Caroline Jemeli and Kimani E. Maina

Subjects
Control Environment, fraud detection and prevention, compliance, integrity, Kenya
Abstract

Internal controls help the institution to understand the organization’s structure, work, and authority flows. They are designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of operational objectives. Cases of fraud have significantly increased in public universities due to weakness of internal controls functions. This study hinder the growth and ruin the reputation of institutions of higher learning in terms of performance and accountability. The study was conducted in order to determine the effect of control environment on fraud detection and prevention at University of Eldoret, Kenya. This study was founded on contingency theory. Descriptive survey research design was used. Target population was accountants and internal auditors, the accessible population had involve 34 accountants and internal auditors at the University of Eldoret. A pilot study was conducted in order to test the validity and reliability of the research questionnaire. Content validity was used as a validity test while reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The study used primary data which was collected using structured questionnaires. Both descriptive and inferential statistics was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistical tools included frequencies, percentages, means, variances, and standard deviations. Inferential statistics included Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results were presented in tables. Findings revealed that Control environment positively and significantly influence fraud detection and prevention in the institution (β = 0.528; p < 0.05). The study further recommends that the governing body, possibly supported by the audit committee, should ensure that the control environment is periodically monitored and evaluated. The study findings will guide the institution to reduce variance in budgets through better reporting and budgetary control measures that reduces cases of fraud. It is expected that the findings will improve on internal controls in the organization.

Published
2018
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18. Relationship between Financial Risk Management and the Performance of Small and Micro Enterprises in Moiben Constituency, Uasin Gishu County, Kenya

Author

Kiprop, Noah K. and Kimani E. Maina

Subjects
Financial Risk Management, portfolio diversification, Risk Monitoring, SMEs, Performance
Abstract

Financial literacy provides knowledge and understanding of financial concepts and the skills, motivation and confidence to apply such knowledge and understanding in order to make effective decisions across a range of financial context and to improve the financial well of SMEs. Research shows that 65.1% of the SMEs in Kenya fail within their first year of operation. This study determined the relationship between financial risk management and the performance of micro and small enterprises in Moiben constituency, Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design. A total of 1923 registered micro and small enterprises in Moiben Constituency comprised the study population. A sample of 331 micro and small enterprises was involved in the study. Two stage sampling technique; purposive sampling and simple random sampling was used to select micro and small enterprises to be used in the study. A pilot study was conducted so as to test the validity and reliability of the research questionnaire. Validity of the research instrument was achieved by using of content validity test while reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Self-administered questionnaires and a secondary data sheet were used to collect data. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and presented by use of tables, charts and graphs. The result of the study indicates that financial risk management affects the firm’s performance of micro and small enterprises in Moiben Constituency. Performance of small and micro enterprises was found to be significantly affected by financial risk management (t = 8.327; p = 0.041). The study therefore recommends that stakeholders involved should therefore focus on developing programs to educate SMEs on how to assess, monitor and reduce risk of a given business portfolio. The study findings informs all the stakeholders in charge of the SMEs sector as it proves that financial literacy affects the financial performance of the micro and small enterprises.

Published
2018
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19. The voting rights of adults with intellectual disabilities: reflections on the arguments, and situation in Kenya and England and Wales

Author

P. Pattni, A. Keeling, E. Maina, and Marcus Redley

Subjects
Human rights, Reservation of rights, Linguistic rights, media_common.quotation_subject, Rehabilitation, Fundamental rights, Right to property, Psychiatry and Mental health, International human rights law, Neurology, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Law, Political science, Voting, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Neurology (clinical), media_common
Abstract

Article 29 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities guarantees equality of political rights, including the right to vote and stand for election. The affirmation of these rights, first guaranteed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, raises an important question given the long-standing association between political rights and beliefs concerning the abilities of citizens to reason and act independently: how and to what degree can people identified as having intellectual disabilities participate in a defining act of the democratic process? Focused specifically on the right to vote, this paper addresses the question by (1) introducing the debates that have surrounded the voting rights of this population; and (2) reporting on recent attempts in Kenya, and in England and Wales, to promote voting by people with intellectual disabilities. It concludes by considering the effectiveness of the different approaches these countries have adopted.

Published
2012

21. CMS technical design report, volume II: Physics performance

Author

G. L. BAYATIAN, S. CHATRCHYAN, G. HMAYAKYAN, A. M. SIRUNYAN, W. ADAM, T. BERGAUER, M. DRAGICEVIC, J. ERO, M. FRIEDL, R. FRUEHWIRTH, V. GHETE, P. GLASER, J. HRUBEC, M. JEITLER, M. KRAMMER, I. MAGRANS, I. MIKULEC, W. MITAROFF, T. NOEBAUER, M. PERNICKA, P. PORTH, H. ROHRINGER, J. STRAUSS, A. TAUROK, W. WALTENBERGER, G. WALZEL, E. WIDL, C. E. WULZ, A. FEDOROV, M. KORZHIK, O. MISSEVITCH, R. ZUYEUSKI, V. CHEKHOVSKY, O. DVORNIKOV, I. EMELIANTCHIK, A. LITOMIN, V. MOSSOLOV, N. SHUMEIKO, A. SOLIN, R. STEFANOVITCH, J. SUAREZ GONZALEZ, A. TIKHONOV, V. PETROV, J. D'HONDT, S. DE WEIRDT, R. GOORENS, J. HEYNINCK, S. LOWETTE, S. TAVERNIER, W. VAN DONINCK, L. VAN LANCKER, O. BOUHALI, B. CLERBAUX, G. DE LENTDECKER, J. P. DEWULF, T. MAHMOUD, P. E. MARAGE, L. NEUKERMANS, V. SUNDARARAJAN, C. VANDER VELDE, P. VANLAER, J. WICKENS, S. ASSOUAK, J. L. BONNET, G. BRUNO, J. CAUDRON, B. DE CALLATAY, J. DE FAVEREAU DE JENERET, S. DE VISSCHER, C. DELAERE, P. DEMIN, D. FAVART, E. FELTRIN, E. FORTON, G. GREGOIRE, S. KALININ, D. KCIRA, T. KEUTGEN, G. LEIBENGUTH, V. LEMAITRE, Y. LIU, D. MICHOTTE, O. MILITARU, A. NINANE, S. OVYN, T. PIERZCHALA, K. PIOTRZKOWSKI, V. ROBERFROID, X. ROUBY, D. TEYSSIER, O. VAN DER AA, M. VANDER DONCKT, E. DAUBIE, P. HERQUET, A. MOLLET, A. ROMEYER, W. BEAUMONT, M. CARDACI, E. DE LANGHE, E. A. DE WOLF, L. RURUA, M. H. G. SOUZA, V. OGURI, A. SANTORO, A. SZNAJDER, M. VAZ, E. M. GREGORES, S. F. NOVAES, T. ANGUELOV, G. ANTCHEV, I. ATANASOV, J. DAMGOV, N. DARMENOV, L. DIMITROV, V. GENCHEV, P. IAYDJIEV, B. PANEV, S. PIPEROV, S. STOYKOVA, G. SULTANOV, I. VANKOV, A. DIMITROV, V. KOZHUHAROV, L. LITOV, M. MAKARIEV, A. MARINOV, E. MARINOVA, S. MARKOV, M. MATEEV, B. PAVLOV, P. PETKOV, C. SABEV, S. STOYNEV, Z. TOTEVA, V. VERGUILOV, G. M. CHEN, H. S. CHEN, K. L. HE, C. H. JIANG, W. G. LI, H. M. LIU, X. MENG, X. Y. SHEN, H. S. SUN, M. YANG, W. R. ZHAO, H. L. ZHUANG, Y. BAN, J. CAI, S. LIU, S. J. QIAN, Z. C. YANG, Y. L. YE, J. YING, J. WU, Z. P. ZHANG, N. GODINOVIC, I. PULJAK, I. SORIC, Z. ANTUNOVIC, M. DZELALIJA, K. MARASOVIC, V. BRIGLJEVIC, D. FERENCEK, K. KADIJA, S. MOROVIC, M. PLANINIC, C. NICOLAOU, A. PAPADAKIS, P. A. RAZIS, D. TSIAKKOURI, A. HEKTOR, M. KADASTIK, K. KANNIKE, E. LIPPMAA, M. MUNTEL, M. RAIDAL, P. A. AARNIO, S. CZELLAR, E. HAEGGSTROEM, A. HEIKKINEN, J. HARKONEN, V. KARIMAKI, R. KINNUNEN, T. LAMPEN, K. LASSILA PERINI, S. LEHTI, T. LINDEN, P. R. LUUKKA, S. MICHAL, T. MAENPAA, J. NYSTEN, M. STETTLER, E. TUOMINEN, J. TUOMINIEMI, L. WENDLAND, T. TUUVA, J. P. GUILLAUD, P. NEDELEC, D. SILLOU, M. ANFREVILLE, S. BEAUCERON, E. BOUGAMONT, P. BREDY, R. CHIPAUX, M. DEJARDIN, D. DENEGRI, J. DESCAMPS, B. FABBRO, J. L. FAURE, S. GANJOUR, F. X. GENTIT, A. GIVERNAUD, P. GRAS, G. HAMEL DE MONCHENAULT, P. JARRY, F. KIRCHER, M. C. LEMAIRE, B. LEVESY, E. LOCCI, J. P. LOTTIN, I. MANDJAVIDZE, M. MUR, E. PASQUETTO, A. PAYN, J. RANDER, J. M. REYMOND, F. RONDEAUX, A. ROSOWSKY, Z. H. SUN, P. VERRECCHIA, S. BAFFIONI, F. BEAUDETTE, M. BERCHER, U. BERTHON, S. BIMBOT, J. BOUROTTE, P. BUSSON, M. CERUTTI, D. CHAMONT, C. CHARLOT, C. COLLARD, D. DECOTIGNY, E. DELMEIRE, L. DOBRZYNSKI, A. M. GAILLAC, Y. GEEREBAERT, J. GILLY, M. HAGUENAUER, A. KARAR, A. MATHIEU, G. MILLERET, P. MINE, P. PAGANINI, T. ROMANTEAU, I. SEMENIOUK, Y. SIROIS, J. D. BERST, J. M. BROM, F. DIDIERJEAN, F. DROUHIN, J. C. FONTAINE, U. GOERLACH, P. GRAEHLING, L. GROSS, L. HOUCHU, P. JUILLOT, A. LOUNIS, C. MAAZOUZI, D. MANGEOL, C. OLIVETTO, T. TODOROV, P. VAN HOVE, D. VINTACHE, M. AGERON, J. L. AGRAM, G. BAULIEU, M. BEDJIDIAN, J. BLAHA, A. BONNEVAUX, G. BOUDOUL, E. CHABANAT, C. COMBARET, D. CONTARDO, R. DELLA NEGRA, P. DEPASSE, T. DUPASQUIER, H. EL MAMOUNI, N. ESTRE, J. FAY, S. GASCON, N. GIRAUD, C. GIRERD, R. HAROUTUNIAN, J. C. IANIGRO, B. ILLE, M. LETHUILLIER, N. LUMB, H. MATHEZ, G. MAURELLI, L. MIRABITO, S. PERRIES, O. RAVAT, R. KVATADZE, V. ROINISHVILI, R. ADOLPHI, R. BRAUER, W. BRAUNSCHWEIG, H. ESSER, L. FELD, A. HEISTER, W. KARPINSKI, K. KLEIN, C. KUKULIES, J. OLZEM, A. OSTAPCHUK, D. PANDOULAS, G. PIERSCHEL, F. RAUPACH, S. SCHAEL, G. SCHWERING, M. THOMAS, M. WEBER, B. WITTMER, M. WLOCHAL, A. ADOLF, P. BIALLASS, M. BONTENACKELS, M. ERDMANN, H. FESEFELDT, T. HEBBEKER, S. HERMANN, G. HILGERS, K. HOEPFNER, C. HOF, S. KAPPLER, M. KIRSCH, D. LANSKE, B. PHILIPPS, H. REITHLER, T. ROMMERSKIRCHEN, M. SOWA, H. SZCZESNY, M. TONUTTI, O. TSIGENOV, F. BEISSEL, M. DAVIDS, M. DUDA, G. FLUGGE, T. FRANKE, M. GIFFELS, T. HERMANNS, D. HEYDHAUSEN, S. KASSELMANN, G. KAUSSEN, T. KRESS, A. LINN, A. NOWACK, M. POETTGENS, O. POOTH, A. STAHL, D. TORNIER, A. FLOSSDORF, B. HEGNER, J. MNICH, C. ROSEMANN, G. FLUCKE, U. HOLM, R. KLANNER, U. PEIN, N. SCHIRM, P. SCHLEPER, G. STEINBRUCK, M. STOYE, R. VAN STAA, K. WICK, P. BLUM, V. BUEGE, W. DE BOER, G. DIRKES, M. FAHRER, M. FEINDT, U. FELZMANN, J. FERNANDEZ MENENDEZ, M. FREY, A. FURGERI, F. HARTMANN, S. HEIER, C. JUNG, B. LEDERMANN, T.H. MULLER, M. NIEGEL, A. OEHLER, T. ORTEGA GOMEZ, C. PIASECKI, G. QUAST, K. RABBERTZ, C. SAOUT, A. SCHEURER, D. 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GARCIA MORAL, G. GOMEZ, I. GONZALEZ CABALLERO, J. GONZALEZ SANCHEZ, A. LOPEZ VIRTO, J. MARCO, R. MARCO, C. MARTINEZ RIVERO, P. MARTINEZ RUIZ DEL ARBOL, F. MATORRAS, A. PATINO REVUELTA, T. RODRIGO, D. RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ, A. RUIZ JIMENO, M. SOBRON SANUDO, I. VILA, R. VILAR CORTABITARTE, D. ABBANEO, S.M. ABBAS, L. AGOSTINO, S. AKHTAR, N. AMAPANE, B. ARAUJO MELEIRO, S. ARGIRO, S. ASHBY, P. ASPELL, E. AUFFRAY, M. AXER, A. BALL, N. BANGERT, D. BARNEY, C. BERNET, W. BIALAS, C. BLOCH, P. BLOCH, S. BONACINI, M. BOSTEELS, V. BOYER, A. BRANSON, A.M. BRETT, H. BREUKER, R. BRUNELIERE, O. BUCHMULLER, D. CAMPI, T. CAMPORESI, E. CANO, E. CARRONE, A. CATTAI, R. CHIERICI, T. CHRISTIANSEN, S. CITTOLIN, E. CORRIN, M. CORVO, S. CUCCIARELLI, B. CURE, D. D'ENTERRIA, A. DE ROECK, D. DELIKARIS, M. DELLA NEGRA, A. DIERLAMM, A. ELLIOTT-PEISERT, M. EPPARD, H. FOETH, R. FOLCH, S. FRATIANNI, W. FUNK, A. GADDI, M. GASTAL, J.C. GAYDE, H. GERWIG, K. GILL, A.A. GIOLO-NICOLLERAT, F. GLEGE, R. GOMEZ-REINO GARRIDO, R. GOUDARD, J. GUTLEBER, M. HANSEN, J. HARTERT, A. HERVE, H.F. HOFFMANN, A. HONMA, M. HUHTINEN, G. ILES, V. INNOCENTE, W. JANK, P. JANOT, K. KLOUKINAS, C. LASSEUR, M. LEBEAU, P. LECOQ, C. LEONIDOPOULOS, M. LETHEREN, C. LJUSLIN, R. LOOS, G. MAGAZZU, L. MALGERI, M. MANNELLI, A. MARCHIORO, F. MEIJERS, E. MESCHI, R. MOSER, M. MULDERS, J. NASH, R.A. OFIERZYNSKI, A. OH, P. OLBRECHTS, A. ONNELA, L. ORSINI, I. PAL, G. PAPOTTI, R. PARAMATTI, G. PASSARDI, B. PEREA SOLANO, G. PERINIC, P. PETAGNA, A. PETRILLI, A. PFEIFFER, M. PIMIA, R. PINTUS, H. POSTEMA, R. PRINCIPE, J. PUERTA PELAYO, A. RACZ, J. REHN, S. REYNAUD, M. RISOLDI, P. RODRIGUES SIMOES MOREIRA, G. ROLANDI, P. ROSINSKY, P. RUMERIO, H. SAKULIN, D. SAMYN, F.P. SCHILLING, C. SCHWICK, C. SCHAFER, I. SEGONI, A. SHARMA, P. SIEGRIST, N. SINANIS, P. SPHICAS, M. SPIROPULU, F. SZONCSO, O. TELLER, D. TREILLE, J. TROSKA, E. TSESMELIS, D. TSIRIGKAS, A. TSIROU, D. UNGARO, F. VASEY, M. VAZQUEZ ACOSTA, L. VEILLET, P. VICHOUDIS, P. WERTELAERS, A. WIJNANT, M. WILHELMSSON, I.M. WILLERS, W. BERTL, K. DEITERS, W. ERDMANN, K. GABATHULER, S. HEISING, R. HORISBERGER, Q. INGRAM, H.C. KAESTLI, D. KOTLINSKI, S. KONIG, D. RENKER, T. ROHE, M. SPIRA, B. BETEV, G. DAVATZ, G. DISSERTORI, M. DITTMAR, L. DJAMBAZOV, J. EHLERS, R. EICHLER, G. FABER, K. FREUDENREICH, J.F. FUCHS, C. GRAB, A. HOLZNER, P. INGENITO, U. LANGENEGGER, P. LECOMTE, G. LESHEV, A. LISTER, P.D. LUCKEY, W. LUSTERMANN, J.D. MAILLEFAUD, F. MOORTGAT, A. NARDULLI, F. NESSI-TEDALDI, L. PAPE, F. PAUSS, H. RYKACZEWSKI, U. ROSER, D. SCHINZEL, A. STARODUMOV, F. STOCKLI, H. SUTER, L. TAUSCHER, P. TRUB, H.P. VON GUNTEN, M. WENSVEEN, E. ALAGOZ, C. AMSLER, V. CHIOCHIA, C. HOERMANN, K. PROKOFIEV, C. REGENFUS, P. ROBMANN, T. SPEER, S. STEINER, L. WILKE, S. BLYTH, Y.H. CHANG, E.A. CHEN, A. GO, C.C. HUNG, C.M. KUO, W. LIN, P. CHANG, Y. CHAO, K.F. CHEN, Z. GAO, Y. HSIUNG, Y.J. LEI, J. SCHUMANN, J.G. SHIU, K. UENO, Y. VELIKZHANIN, P. YEH, S. AYDIN, M.N. BAKIRCI, S. CERCI, I. DUMANOGLU, S. ERTURK, S. ESEN, E. ESKUT, A. KAYIS TOPAKSU, P. KURT, H. OZKURT, A. POLATOZ, K. SOGUT, H. TOPAKLI, M. VERGILI, T. YETKIN, G. ONENGUT, H. GAMSIZKAN, C. OZKAN, S. SEKMEN, M. SERIN-ZEYREK, R. SEVER, E. YAZGAN, M. ZEYREK, A. CAKIR, K. CANKOCAK, M. DELIOMEROGLU, D. DEMIR, K. DINDAR, E. GULMEZ, E. ISIKSAL, M. KAYA, O. KAYA, S. OZKORUCUKLU, N. SONMEZ, B. GRINEV, V. LYUBYNSKIY, V. SENCHYSHYN, L. LEVCHUK, P. SOROKIN, D.S. BAILEY, T. BARRASS, J.J. BROOKE, R. CROFT, D. CUSSANS, D. EVANS, R. FRAZIER, N. GRANT, G.P. HEATH, H.F. HEATH, B. HUCKVALE, C. LYNCH, C.K. MACKAY, S. METSON, D.M. NEWBOLD, V.J. SMITH, R.J. TAPPER, S.A. BAIRD, K.W. BELL, R.M. BROWN, D.J.A. COCKERILL, J.A. COUGHLAN, P.S. FLOWER, V.B. FRANCIS, M. FRENCH, J. GREENHALGH, R. HALSALL, J. HILL, L. JONES, B.W. KENNEDY, L. LINTERN, A.B. LODGE, J. MADDOX, Q. MORRISSEY, P. MURRAY, M. PEARSON, S. QUINTON, J. SALISBURY, A. SHAH, C. SHEPHERD-THEMISTOCLEOUS, B. SMITH, M. SPROSTON, R. STEPHENSON, S. TAGHAVIRAD, I.R. TOMALIN, J.H. WILLIAMS, F. ARTECHE, R. BAINBRIDGE, G. BARBER, P. BARRILLON, R. BEUSELINCK, F. BLEKMAN, D. BRITTON, D. COLLING, G. DASKALAKIS, G. DEWHIRST, S. DRIS, C. FOUDAS, J. FULCHER, S. GREDER, G. HALL, J. JONES, J. LEAVER, B.C. MACEVOY, O. MARONEY, A. NIKITENKO, A. PAPAGEORGIOU, D.M. RAYMOND, M.J. RYAN, C. SEEZ, P. SHARP, M. TAKAHASHI, C. TIMLIN, T. VIRDEE, S. WAKEFIELD, M. WINGHAM, A. ZABI, Y. ZHANG, O. ZORBA, C. DA VIA, I. GOITOM, P.R. HOBSON, P. KYBERD, C. MUNRO, J. NEBRENSKY, I. REID, O. SHARIF, R. TAYLOR, L. TEODORESCU, S.J. WATTS, I. YASELLI, E. HAZEN, A.H. HEERING, D. LAZIC, E. MACHADO, D. OSBORNE, J. ROHLF, L. SULAK, F. VARELA RODRIGUEZ, S. WU, D. CUTTS, R. HOOPER, G. LANDSBERG, R. PARTRIDGE, S. VANINI, R. BREEDON, M. CASE, M. CHERTOK, J. CONWAY, P.T. COX, R. ERBACHER, J. GUNION, B. HOLBROOK, W. KO, R. LANDER, D. PELLETT, J. SMITH, A. SOHA, M. TRIPATHI, R. VOGT, V. ANDREEV, K. ARISAKA, D. CLINE, R. COUSINS, S. ERHAN, M. FELCINI, J. HAUSER, M. IGNATENKO, B. LISOWSKI, D. MATLOCK, C. MATTHEY, B. MOHR, J. MUMFORD, S. OTWINOWSKI, G. RAKNESS, P. SCHLEIN, Y. SHI, J. TUCKER, V. VALUEV, R. WALLNY, H.G. WANG, X. YANG, Y. ZHENG, R. CLARE, D. FORTIN, D. FUTYAN, J.W. GARY, M. GIUNTA, G. HANSON, G.Y. JENG, S.C. KAO, H. LIU, G. PASZTOR, A. SATPATHY, B.C. SHEN, R. STRINGER, V. SYTNIK, R. WILKEN, D. ZER-ZION, J.G. BRANSON, E. DUSINBERRE, J. LETTS, T. MARTIN, M. MOJAVER, H.P. PAAR, H. PI, M. PIERI, A. RANA, V. SHARMA, A. WHITE, F. WURTHWEIN, A. AFFOLDER, C. CAMPAGNARI, C. HILL, J. INCANDELA, S. KYRE, J. LAMB, J. RICHMAN, D. STUART, D. WHITE, J. ALBERT, A. BORNHEIM, J. BUNN, J. CHEN, G. DENIS, P. GALVEZ, M. GATAULLIN, I. LEGRAND, V. LITVINE, Y. MA, D. NAE, H.B. NEWMAN, S. RAVOT, S. SHEVCHENKO, S. SINGH, C. STEENBERG, X. SU, V. TIMCIUC, F. VAN LINGEN, J. VEVERKA, B.R. VOICU, A. WEINSTEIN, R. WILKINSON, Y. YANG, L.Y. ZHANG, K. ZHU, R.Y. ZHU, T. FERGUSON, M. PAULINI, J. RUSS, N. TERENTYEV, H. VOGEL, I. VOROBIEV, J.P. CUMALAT, W.T. FORD, D. JOHNSON, U. NAUENBERG, K. STENSON, S.R. WAGNER, J. ALEXANDER, D. CASSEL, K. ECKLUND, B. HELTSLEY, C.D. JONES, V. KUZNETSOV, J.R. PATTERSON, A. RYD, J. THOM, P. WITTICH, C.P. BEETZ, G. CIRINO, V. PODRASKY, C. SANZENI, D. WINN, S. ABDULLIN, M.A. AFAQ, M. ALBROW, J. AMUNDSON, G. APOLLINARI, M. ATAC, W. BADGETT, J.A. BAKKEN, B. BALDIN, L.A.T. BAUERDICK, A. BAUMBAUGH, U. BAUR, P.C. BHAT, F. BORCHERDING, K. BURKETT, J.N. BUTLER, H. CHEUNG, I. CHURIN, S. CIHANGIR, M. DEMARTEAU, D.P. EARTLY, J.E. ELIAS, V.D. ELVIRA, I. FISK, J. FREEMAN, P. GARTUNG, F.J.M. GEURTS, D.A. GLENZINSKI, E. GOTTSCHALK, G. GRAHAM, D. GREEN, G.M. GUGLIELMO, Y. GUO, O. GUTSCHE, A. HAHN, J. HANLON, S. HANSEN, R.M. HARRIS, T. HESSELROTH, S.L. HOLM, B. HOLZMAN, S. IQBAL, E. JAMES, M. JOHNSON, U. JOSHI, B. KLIMA, J. KOWALKOWSKI, T. KRAMER, S. KWAN, E. LA VALLIE, M. LARWILL, S. LOS, L. LUEKING, G. LUKHANIN, S. LUSIN, K. MAESHIMA, P. MCBRIDE, S.J. MURRAY, V. O'DELL, M. PATERNO, J. PATRICK, D. PETRAVICK, R. PORDES, O. PROKOFYEV, V. RASMISLOVICH, N. RATNIKOVA, A. RONZHIN, V. SEKHRI, E. SEXTON-KENNEDY, T. SHAW, D. SKOW, R.P. SMITH, W.J. SPALDING, L. SPIEGEL, M. STAVRIANAKOU, G. STIEHR, I. SUZUKI, P. TAN, W. TANENBAUM, S. TKACZYK, S. VESELI, R. VIDAL, H. WENZEL, J. WHITMORE, W.J. WOMERSLEY, W.M. WU, Y. WU, A. YAGIL, J. YARBA, J.C. YUN, D. ACOSTA, P. AVERY, V. BARASHKO, P. BARTALINI, D. BOURILKOV, R. CAVANAUGH, A. DROZDETSKIY, R.D. FIELD, Y. FU, L. GRAY, D. HOLMES, B.J. KIM, S. KLIMENKO, J. KONIGSBERG, A. KORYTOV, K. KOTOV, P. LEVCHENKO, A. MADORSKY, K. MATCHEV, GUENAKH MITSELMAKHER, Y. PAKHOTIN, C. PRESCOTT, P. RAMOND, J.L. RODRIGUEZ, M. SCHMITT, B. SCURLOCK, H. STOECK, J. YELTON, W. BOEGLIN, V. GAULTNEY, L. KRAMER, S. LINN, P. MARKOWITZ, G. MARTINEZ, B. RAUE, J. REINHOLD, A. ASKEW, M. BERTOLDI, W.G.D. DHARMARATNA, Y. GERSHTEIN, S. HAGOPIAN, V. HAGOPIAN, M. JENKINS, K.F. JOHNSON, H. PROSPER, H. WAHL, M. BAARMAND, L. BAKSAY, S. GURAGAIN, M. HOHLMANN, H. MERMERKAYA, R. RALICH, I. VODOPIYANOV, M.R. ADAMS, R.R. BETTS, C.E. GERBER, E. SHABALINA, C. SMITH, T. TEN, U. AKGUN, A.S. AYAN, A. COOPER, P. DEBBINS, F. DURU, M. FOUNTAIN, N. GEORGE, E. MCCLIMENT, J.P. MERLO, A. MESTVIRISHVILI, M.J. MILLER, C.R. NEWSOM, E. NORBECK, Y. ONEL, I. SCHMIDT, S. WANG, E.W. ANDERSON, O. ATRAMENTOV, J.M. HAUPTMAN, J. LAMSA, B.A. BARNETT, B. BLUMENFELD, C.Y. CHIEN, D.W. KIM, P. MAKSIMOVIC, S. SPANGLER, M. SWARTZ, P. BARINGER, A. BEAN, D. COPPAGE, O. GRACHOV, E.J. KIM, M. MURRAY, D. BANDURIN, T. BOLTON, A. KHANOV, Y. MARAVIN, D. ONOPRIENKO, F. RIZATDINOVA, R. SIDWELL, N. STANTON, E. VON TOERNE, D. BADEN, R. BARD, S.C. ENO, T. GRASSI, N.J. HADLEY, R.G. KELLOGG, S. KUNORI, F. RATNIKOV, A. SKUJA, R. ARCIDIACONO, M. BALLINTIJN, G. BAUER, P. HARRIS, I. KRAVCHENKO, C. LOIZIDES, S. NAHN, C. PAUS, S. PAVLON, C. ROLAND, G. ROLAND, K. SUMOROK, S. VAURYNOVICH, G. VERES, B. WYSLOUCH, D. BAILLEUX, S. CORUM, P. CUSHMAN, A. DE BENEDETTI, A. DOLGOPOLOV, R. EGELAND, G. FRANZONI, W.J. GILBERT, J. GRAHL, J. HAUPT, Y. KUBOTA, J. MANS, N. PEARSON, R. RUSACK, A. SINGOVSKY, L.M. CREMALDI, R. GODANG, R. KROEGER, D.A. SANDERS, D. SUMMERS, K. BLOOM, D.R. CLAES, A. DOMINGUEZ, M. EADS, C. LUNDSTEDT, S. MALIK, G.R. SNOW, A. SOBOL, I. IASHVILI, A. KHARCHILAVA, G. ALVERSON, E. BARBERIS, O. BOERIU, G. EULISSE, Y. MUSIENKO, S. MUZAFFAR, I. OSBORNE, S. REUCROFT, J. SWAIN, L. TAYLOR, L. TUURA, D. WOOD, B. GOBBI, M. KUBANTSEV, H. SCHELLMAN, E. SPENCER, M. VELASCO, B. BAUMBAUGH, N.M. CASON, M. HILDRETH, D.J. KARMGARD, N. MARINELLI, R. RUCHTI, J. WARCHOL, M. WAYNE, B. BYLSMA, L.S. DURKIN, J. GILMORE, J. GU, D. HERMAN, P. KILLEWALD, K. KNOBBE, T.Y. LING, P. ELMER, D. MARLOW, P. PIROUE, D. STICKLAND, C. TULLY, T. WILDISH, S. WYNHOFF, Z. XIE, A. APRESYAN, K. ARNDT, K. BANICZ, V.E. BARNES, G. BOLLA, D. BORTOLETTO, A. BUJAK, A.F. GARFINKEL, O. GONZALEZ LOPEZ, L. GUTAY, N. IPPOLITO, Y. KOZHEVNIKOV, A.T. LAASANEN, C. LIU, V. MAROUSSOV, P. MERKEL, D.H. MILLER, J. MIYAMOTO, N. NEUMEISTER, C. ROTT, A. ROY, A. SEDOV, I. SHIPSEY, N. PARASHAR, G. EPPLEY, S.J. LEE, J. LIU, M. MATVEEV, T. NUSSBAUM, B.P. PADLEY, J. ROBERTS, A. TUMANOV, P. YEPES, A. BODEK, H. BUDD, Y.S. CHUNG, P. DE BARBARO, R. DEMINA, R. EUSEBI, G. GINTHER, Y. GOTRA, A. HOCKER, U. HUSEMANN, S. KORJENEVSKI, W. SAKUMOTO, P. SLATTERY, P. TIPTON, M. ZIELINSKI, E. BARTZ, J. DOROSHENKO, E. HALKIADAKIS, P.F. JACQUES, M.S. KALELKAR, D. KHITS, A. LATH, A. MACPHERSON, L. PERERA, R. PLANO, K. ROSE, S. SCHNETZER, S. SOMALWAR, R. STONE, G. THOMSON, T.L. WATTS, N. AKCHURIN, K.W. CARRELL, K. GUMUS, C. JEONG, H. KIM, V. PAPADIMITRIOU, A. SILL, M. SPEZZIGA, E. WASHINGTON, R. WIGMANS, L. ZHANG, T. BAPTY, D. ENGH, W. JOHNS, T. KESKINPALA, E. LUIGGI LOPEZ, S. NEEMA, S. NORDSTROM, S. PATHAK, P. SHELDON, E.W. VAANDERING, M. WEBSTER, M.W. ARENTON, S. CONETTI, B. COX, R. HIROSKY, R. IMLAY, A. LEDOVSKOY, D. PHILLIPS, H. POWELL, M. RONQUEST, D. SMITH, Y.W. BAEK, J.N. BELLINGER, D. BRADLEY, D. CARLSMITH, I. CROTTY, S. DASU, F. FEYZI, T. GORSKI, M. GROTHE, W. HOGG, M. JAWORSKI, P. KLABBERS, A. LANARO, R. LOVELESS, M. MAGRANS DE ABRIL, D. REEDER, W.H. SMITH, D. WENMAN, G.S. ATOYAN, S. DHAWAN, V. ISSAKOV, H. NEAL, A. POBLAGUEV, M.E. ZELLER, and B.S. YULDASHEV

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, STANDARD MODEL, High Energy Physics::Experiment, EXTRA DIMENSIONS, LHC, SUPERSYMMETRY, HIGGS
Abstract

CMS is a general purpose experiment, designed to study the physics of pp collisions at 14 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It currently involves more than 2000 physicists from more than 150 institutes and 37 countries. The LHC will provide extraordinary opportunities for particle physics based on its unprecedented collision energy and luminosity when it begins operation in 2007. The principal aim of this report is to present the strategy of CMS to explore the rich physics programme offered by the LHC. This volume demonstrates the physics capability of the CMS experiment. The prime goals of CMS are to explore physics at the TeV scale and to study the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking—through the discovery of the Higgs particle or otherwise. To carry out this task, CMS must be prepared to search for new particles, such as the Higgs boson or supersymmetric partners of the Standard Model particles, from the start-up of the LHC since new physics at the TeV scale may manifest itself with modest data samples of the order of a few fb-1 or less. The analysis tools that have been developed are applied to study in great detail and with all the methodology of performing an analysis on CMS data specific benchmark processes upon which to gauge the performance of CMS. These processes cover several Higgs boson decay channels, the production and decay of new particles such as Z' and supersymmetric particles, Bs production and processes in heavy ion collisions. The simulation of these benchmark processes includes subtle effects such as possible detector miscalibration and misalignment. Besides these benchmark processes, the physics reach of CMS is studied for a large number of signatures arising in the Standard Model and also in theories beyond the Standard Model for integrated luminosities ranging from 1 fb-1 to 30 fb-1. The Standard Model processes include QCD, B-physics, diffraction, detailed studies of the top quark properties, and electroweak physics topics such as the W and Z0 boson properties. The production and decay of the Higgs particle is studied for many observable decays, and the precision with which the Higgs boson properties can be derived is determined. About ten different supersymmetry benchmark points are analysed using full simulation. The CMS discovery reach is evaluated in the SUSY parameter space covering a large variety of decay signatures. Furthermore, the discovery reach for a plethora of alternative models for new physics is explored, notably extra dimensions, new vector boson high mass states, little Higgs models, technicolour and others. Methods to discriminate between models have been investigated. This report is organized as follows. Chapter 1, the Introduction, describes the context of this document. Chapters 2–6 describe examples of full analyses, with photons, electrons, muons, jets, missing ET, B-mesons and τ's, and for quarkonia in heavy ion collisions. Chapters 7–15 describe the physics reach for Standard Model processes, Higgs discovery and searches for new physics beyond the Standard Model.

Published
2007

22. The voting rights of adults with intellectual disabilities: reflections on the arguments, and situation in Kenya and England and Wales

Author

M, Redley, E, Maina, A, Keeling, and P, Pattni

Subjects
Cross-Cultural Comparison, Personhood, Wales, England, Intellectual Disability, Civil Rights, Humans, Disabled Persons, Kenya
Abstract

Article 29 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities guarantees equality of political rights, including the right to vote and stand for election. The affirmation of these rights, first guaranteed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, raises an important question given the long-standing association between political rights and beliefs concerning the abilities of citizens to reason and act independently: how and to what degree can people identified as having intellectual disabilities participate in a defining act of the democratic process? Focused specifically on the right to vote, this paper addresses the question by (1) introducing the debates that have surrounded the voting rights of this population; and (2) reporting on recent attempts in Kenya, and in England and Wales, to promote voting by people with intellectual disabilities. It concludes by considering the effectiveness of the different approaches these countries have adopted.

Published
2012

23. Development of tertiary lymphoid structures in the kidneys of pigs with chronic leptospiral nephritis

Author

E. Maina, Eugenio Scanziani, Marzia Pezzolato, S. Lonardi, Elena Bozzetta, Enrico Radaelli, and Fabio Grassi

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Lymphoid Tissue, Swine, T cell, Interstitial nephritis, Immunology, Biology, Kidney, Immune system, Antigen, medicine, Animals, Leptospirosis, Antigen-presenting cell, Swine Diseases, Nephritis, General Veterinary, Follicular dendritic cells, medicine.disease, Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona, medicine.anatomical_structure, Chronic Disease, Nephritis, Interstitial, Bacterial antigen, Interstitial
Abstract

Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) are structures that are morphologically and functionally similar to secondary lymphoid organs. TLOs usually arise in a background of chronic inflammation. Several histological patterns of interstitial nephritis have been documented in porcine leptospirosis. Among them the lympho-follicular pattern is characterized by infiltrates of mononuclear cells organized in lymphoid follicle-like structures. Immunohistological analysis of 5 cases of porcine lympho-follicular nephritis associated with Leptospira Pomona infection demonstrated the presence of inflammatory cell populations, including B cells, T cells, macrophages and follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), which were compartmentalized as in TLOs. Immunohistochemistry for Leptospira Pomona revealed an intimate association between leptospiral antigen and FDCs. Overexpression of MHCII in different populations of both professional and non-professional antigen presenting cells was also demonstrated. FDCs play role during TLOs induction for their ability to retain non-self antigens in the form of immune complexes, thus causing persistent T cell activation, generation of a complex cytokine network and stimulation of humoral immunity. Sustained bacterial antigen presentation in the context of chronic leptospiral nephritis, may also lead to autoimmune mechanisms involved in the generation of TLOs. Whether lymphoid neogenesis and TLOs play a protective role in porcine leptospiral nephritis is still unclear.

Published
2012

24. Effectiveness and safety of hypnotic drugs in the treatment of insomnia in over 70-year old people

Author

Roberto Lacava, D. Grassone, N. Nicoletti, Pietro Gareri, G. De Sarro, Antonino Maria Cotroneo, S. Cabodi, and E. Maina

Subjects
Male, Aging, Zolpidem, medicine.medical_specialty, Health (social science), Triazolam, Pyridines, Health Status, Neuropsychological Tests, Drug Administration Schedule, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, mental disorders, medicine, Insomnia, Dementia, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, Psychiatry, Depression (differential diagnoses), Psychomotor Agitation, Aged, Primary Health Care, business.industry, Depression, Oxazepam, medicine.disease, Comorbidity, humanities, Treatment Outcome, Concomitant, Female, Geriatrics and Gerontology, medicine.symptom, business, Cognition Disorders, Gerontology, medicine.drug
Abstract

Good sleep is an important index of the quality of life in people and above all in old subjects. Among all the symptoms reported to general practitioner, insomnia is at the 3(rd) place and this is present in particular in the elderly. In elderly people high comorbidity and polytreatment are often present. We have studied 60 elderly people with history of insomnia and concomitant diseases: depression, dementia and behavioral disturbances. All the patients of the present study were visited in our outpatients' department. Three hypnotic drugs were used for the treatment of insomnia: zolpidem, or triazolam, or oxazepam, respectively at doses of 10mg/day, 0.125-0.25mg/day and 15.0mg/day. All the three drugs showed to be effective and safe; no paradoxical effects were observed.

Published
2007

25. A.C.E.S.I.D.E. group: Taking care of those who take care

Author

L.F. Malimpensa, G. Mercadante, Antonino Maria Cotroneo, L. Dosio, S. Cabodi, and E. Maina

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, Group (mathematics), medicine, Neurology (clinical), Psychology, Psychiatry
Published
2013

26. RNA Detection in Air by Means of Cosmic Rays Interactions

Author

J. I. Adlish, E. Mainardi, P. Neuhold, R. Surrente, and L. J. Tagliapietra

Subjects
muon spectrum, rna detection, cosmic rays, virus detection, high energy physics, particle physics, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The study research presented hereafter shows a new methodology to reveal traces of Viral particles thanks to their own chemical structure such as phosphate group PO4, a group making up part of the structure of RNA, a type of nucleic acid, such as in a virus, in an open space or a closed ambient (typically an airport hall) detecting sub-atomic particles interactions with the air due to Cosmic Rays, an Outer Space free source. This is constructed with the use of adequate detectors (under development) looking in particular at the peculiar interactions of muons, cosmic rays relativistic particle segment, with the no living matter present as aerosol in the air.

Published
2020
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27. Neural-Network-Based Curve Fitting Using Totally Positive Rational Bases

Author

Rocio Gonzalez-Diaz, E. Mainar, Eduardo Paluzo-Hidalgo, and B. Rubio

Subjects
normalized totally positive bases, normalized B-bases, rational bases, curve fitting, neural network, Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract

This paper proposes a method for learning the process of curve fitting through a general class of totally positive rational bases. The approximation is achieved by finding suitable weights and control points to fit the given set of data points using a neural network and a training algorithm, called AdaMax algorithm, which is a first-order gradient-based stochastic optimization. The neural network presented in this paper is novel and based on a recent generalization of rational curves which inherit geometric properties and algorithms of the traditional rational Bézier curves. The neural network has been applied to different kinds of datasets and it has been compared with the traditional least-squares method to test its performance. The obtained results show that our method can generate a satisfactory approximation.

Published
2020
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28. Use of high concentrations of carbon dioxide for stunning rabbits reared for meat production

Author

A. Dalmau, J. Pallisera, C. Pedernera, I. Muñoz, R. Carreras, N. Casal, E. Mainau, P. Rodriguez, and A. Velarde

Subjects
animal welfare, aversion, behaviour, CO2, rabbits, stunning, Animal culture, SF1-1100, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Abstract: An investigation was performed to determine whether high concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) at 70-98% in atmospheric air are a suitable alternative for stunning rabbits compared to conventional approaches such as electronarcosis. Aversion to the gas and efficacy in causing prolonged unconsciousness and death were studied in a total of 480 rabbits by means of behavioural parameters, physiological indicators (presence of rhythmic breathing and corneal reflex) and electroencephalography (EEG, brain function). The use of any of the 4 studied concentrations of the gas caused more nasal discomfort and vocalisations than the use of atmospheric air (P

Published
2016
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29. Influence of Ethane Plasma Annealing on Polycrystalline Silicon Barrier Heights and Minority Carrier Capture Cross-Sections

Author

E. Maina-Ayiera and G. J. Goldsmith

Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Materials science, Passivation, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Band gap, Annealing (metallurgy), Process Chemistry and Technology, Plasma, engineering.material, Molecular physics, General Energy, Fuel Technology, Polycrystalline silicon, engineering, Grain boundary, Crystallite, Water Science and Technology, Voltage
Abstract

The effects of ethane plasma annealing on grain boundary barrier heights, minority carrier lifetimes and capture cross-sections and trap energy levels have been observed through measurements of photoconductance voltage and decay time on p-type Wacker polycrystalline silicon samples, of mm grain-size. It has been found that ethane plasma annealing significantly reduces the grain boundary heights, increases the minority carrier lifetimes and reduces minority carrier capture cross-sections by filling the deep trap levels in the band gap. It is suggested that ethane and other saturated hydrocarbons may prove useful for passivation of grain boundaries in polycrystalline solar cells and other electronic devices.

Published
1987

30. Effects of meloxicam (Metacam®) on post-farrowing sow behaviour and piglet performance

Author

E. Mainau, J.L. Ruiz-de-la-Torre, A. Dalmau, J.M. Salleras, and X. Manteca

Subjects
behaviour, farrowing, sows, meloxicam, performance, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract

Farrowing is an intrinsically risky process for both the sow and the piglets that can cause welfare and economic problems. The effects of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug meloxicam on post-farrowing behaviour of sows, and the performance of piglets were investigated. A total of 48 sows were randomly allocated at the day of farrowing (day 0) into two homogeneous groups regarding parity, and treated with either meloxicam or saline solution as placebo. For each sow, number of position changes, total time lying and standing or sitting, feed intake and rectal temperature (RT) were recorded during 3 days after farrowing. Piglets were individually weighed at farrowing and at weaning. The number of position changes did not show significant differences between treatments (P = 0.79). Sows spent significantly less time lying during day +3 after farrowing in the meloxicam group than in the placebo group (P = 0.04). Feed intake and RT showed a parity effect (P < 0.001 in both cases); however, no treatment effect was observed (P = 0.67 and P = 0.47, respectively). Pre-weaning mortality rate in piglets was not affected by treatment. In litters from multiparous sows, piglets of low birth weight (defined as percentile 15: BW

Published
2012
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31. Antibodies anti granulocytic antigens in IBD: from microscopic morphology to antigenic specificity

Author

A. Montanelli and E. Mainardi

Subjects
Medicine, Internal medicine, RC31-1245
Abstract

Objective: ANCA (p-ANCA and x-ANCA) have been documented to occur in many inflammatory disorders. The specific ANCA antigens and the clinical correlation of a positive ANCA test in these disorders are still for the most part obscure. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of and the target antigens for ANCA in patients with IBD. Methods: 104 patients (67 age between 3-18 years, mean age 8+3 and 37 age between 25-70 years, mean age 48+15) clinically and hystopathologically diagnosed as: 67 ulcerative colitis, 16 Crohn’ disease, 21 other colitis (7 indeterminate colitis) were enrolled in our study. ANCA were determined by ELISA and IIF methods. Results: We observed a good performance in terms of sensibility and specificity of ANCA, and a good correlation between the two methods used; as regard ELISA determination the antigen frequently found in our cases was lactoferrin (60%). Conclusions: Is still unclear the role of these “minor antigens” in the diagnosis and pathogenesis of IBD, but is clear that only morphologic evaluation is no more sufficient.

Published
2011
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34. Multi-Parton Interactions at the LHC

Author

Bartalini, P., Berger, E. L., Blok, B., Calucci, G., Corke, R., Diehl, M., Dokshitzer, Yu, Fano, L., Frankfurt, L., Gaunt, J. R., Gieseke, S., Gustafson, G., Kar, D., Kom, C. -H, Kulesza, A., Ezio Maina, Nagy, Z., Roehr, Ch, Siodmok, A., Schmelling, M., Stirling, W. J., Strikman, M., Treleani, D., A. Kulesza and Z. Nagy, P., Bartalini, E. L., Berger, B., Blok, G., Calucci, R., Corke, M., Diehl, Dokshitzer, Y. u., L., Fanò, L., Frankfurt, J. R., Gaunt, S., Gieseke, G., Gustafson, D., Kar, C. H., Kom, A., Kulesza, E., Maina, Z., Nagy, ̈ohr, C. h. R., A., Sio ́dmok, M., Schmelling, W. J., Stirling, M., Strikman, and Treleani, Daniele

Subjects
LHCb, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High energy hadronic collisions, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Multiple Parton Interactions, FOS: Physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Multiple Parton Interaction
Abstract

We review the recent progress in the theoretical description and experimental observation of multiple parton interactions. Subjects covered include experimental measurements of minimum bias interactions and of the underlying event, models of soft physics implemented in Monte Carlo generators, developments in the theoretical description of multiple parton interactions and phenomenological studies of double parton scattering. This article stems from contributions presented at the Helmholtz Alliance workshop on "Multi-Parton Interactions at the LHC", DESY Hamburg, 13-15 September 2010., 68 pages

Published
2011

35. I piaceri dello spettatore (maschio) nella fruizione degli streaming sex videos

Author

Monaldi, Marcello, AA.VV, a cura di Biasin E, Maina G., Zecca F., and Monaldi, Marcello

Subjects
pornografia, nuovi media, video, piacere, interpassività
Abstract

La piena accessibilità del porno in Rete (streaming sex videos) e le nuove tecniche di ripresa, in cui l'attore (maschio) è spesso anche l'operatore della performance che sta realizzando, possono suggerire l'idea che l'immagine tradizionale della pornografia, concepita e messa in scena per "indurre eccitazione sessuale" (Sontag), debba essere rivista. Žižek, ad esempio, utilizza la categoria di "interpassività", di ascendenza lacaniana, per negare che il godimento rappresentato sulla scena produca l'attivazione di un godimento vicario nello spettatore mediante immedesimazione e sostiene che nel porno attuale vi sia una forma di esternalizzazione del piacere dallo spettatore all'attore, e che quest'ultimo non trasmetta più il suo piacere al primo. L'applicazione di questa categoria, sfrondata delle implicazioni che essa ha in Lacan rispetto alla costituzione della soggettività, alle odierne tecniche di ripresa mediante webcam finirebbe così per mostrare che il processo di identificazione con gli attori sulla scena non avviene più nei termini di una partecipazione fittizia e per interposta persona all'azione ma come la delega all'attore della mia intera esperienza di godimento, che quindi "gode al posto mio". A questo posizioni si può chiedere però che cosa significhi propriamente "godere al posto di un altro": la prospettiva della prima persona, riconducibile alla fenomenologia husserliana, prevede ad esempio che solo l'esperienza diretta del piacere permette di sapere cosa sia il piacere, rendendo vana la possibilità di attribuire sensatamente il "mio" piacere a quello che sta vivendo una persona diversa da me. Il presente saggio propone quindi di considerare la posizione dello spettatore (maschio) dinanzi a una performance porno in Rete come una relazione in cui si può parlare di godimento solo in prima persona, conservando tra l'altro il senso tradizionale dell'esperienza pornografica. Ciò non esclude, ovviamente, che il pornoweb possa produrre sempre più reazioni di indifferenza o di anestesia visiva. In questo quadro vengono poi analizzate le specifiche sollecitazioni veicolate dai design dei siti di streaming sex videos così come lo stile narrativo di questi prodotti.

Published
2011

37. Second Life, una sessualità visuale postumana

Author

MENDUNI, Enrico, BIASIN E, MAINA G, ZECCA F, and Menduni, Enrico

Subjects
Chat, Virtual World, ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING, Second Life, Cybersex, Avatar, Pornography, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS
Abstract

Uno studio sulle relazioni sessuali degli avatars del mondo virtuale di Second Life's. A study on sexual relationship of avatars in Second Life's virtual world.

Published
2011

38. Parenchymal volume preservation during partial nephrectomy: improved methodology to assess impact and predictive factors.

Author

Kazama A, Attawettayanon W, Munoz-Lopez C, Rathi N, Lewis K, Maina E, Campbell RA, Lone Z, Boumitri M, Kaouk J, Haber GP, Haywood S, Almassi N, Weight C, Li J, and Campbell SC

Subjects
Humans, Female, Male, Middle Aged, Aged, Organ Size, Retrospective Studies, Parenchymal Tissue, Tumor Burden, Nephrectomy methods, Kidney Neoplasms surgery, Kidney Neoplasms pathology, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Kidney blood supply, Organ Sparing Treatments methods
Abstract

Objective: To rigorously evaluate the impact of the percentage of parenchymal volume preserved (PPVP) and how well the preserved parenchyma recovers from ischaemia (Rec ischaemia ) on functional outcomes after partial nephrectomy (PN) using an accurate and objective software-based methodology for estimating parenchymal volumes and split renal function (SRF). A secondary objective was to assess potential predictors of the PPVP., Patients and Methods: A total of 894 PN patients with available studies (2011-2014) were evaluated. The PPVP was measured from cross-sectional imaging at ≤3 months before and 3-12 months after PN using semi-automated software. Pearson correlation evaluated relationships between continuous variables. Multivariable linear regression evaluated predictors of ipsilateral glomerular filtration rate (GFR) preserved and the PPVP. Relative-importance analysis was used to evaluate the impact of the PPVP on ipsilateral GFR preserved. Rec ischaemia was defined as the percentage of ipsilateral GFR preserved normalised by the PPVP., Results: The median tumour size and R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score were 3.4 cm and 7, respectively. In all, 49 patients (5.5%) had a solitary kidney. In all, 538 (60%)/251 (28%)/104 (12%) patients were managed with warm/cold/zero ischaemia, respectively. The median pre/post ipsilateral GFRs were 40/31 mL/min/1.73 m 2 , and the median (interquartile range [IQR]) percentage of ipsilateral GFR preserved was 80% (71-88%). The median pre/post ipsilateral parenchymal volumes were 181/149 mL, and the median (IQR) PPVP was 84% (76-92%). In all, 330 patients (37%) had a PPVP of <80%, while only 34 (4%) had a Rec ischaemia of <80%. The percentage of ipsilateral GFR preserved correlated strongly with the PPVP (r = 0.83, P < 0.01) and loss of parenchymal volume accounted for 80% of the loss of ipsilateral GFR. Multivariable analysis confirmed that the PPVP was the strongest predictor of ipsilateral GFR preserved. Greater tumour size and endophytic and nearness properties of the R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score were associated with a reduced PPVP (all P ≤ 0.01). Solitary kidney and cold ischaemia were associated with an increased PPVP (all P < 0.05)., Conclusions: A reduced PPVP predominates regarding functional decline after PN, although a low Rec ischaemia can also contribute. Tumour-related factors strongly influence the PPVP, while surgical efforts can improve the PPVP as observed for patients with solitary kidneys., (© 2024 BJU International.)

Published
2024
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39. Parenchymal obliteration by renal masses: Functional and oncologic implications.

Author

Kazama A, Munoz-Lopez C, Attawettayanon W, Boumitri M, Maina E, Lone Z, Rathi N, Lewis K, Campbell RA, Palacios DA, Kaouk J, Haber GP, Haywood S, Almassi N, Weight CJ, Remer EM, Ward R, Nowacki AS, and Campbell SC

Subjects
Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, Carcinoma, Renal Cell surgery, Carcinoma, Renal Cell pathology, Kidney pathology, Kidney physiopathology, Kidney surgery, Kidney Neoplasms surgery, Kidney Neoplasms pathology, Nephrectomy methods
Abstract

Objectives: Most renal tumors merely displace nephrons while others can obliterate parenchyma in an invasive manner. Substantial parenchymal volume replacement (PVR) by renal cell carcinoma (RCC) may have oncologic implications; however, studies regarding PVR remain limited. Our objective was to evaluate the oncologic implications associated with PVR using improved methodology including more accurate and objective tools., Patients/methods: A total of 1,222 patients with non-metastatic renal tumors managed with partial nephrectomy (PN) or radical nephrectomy (RN) at Cleveland Clinic (2011-2014) with necessary studies were retrospectively evaluated. Parenchymal volume analysis via semiautomated software was used to estimate split renal function and preoperative parenchymal volumes. Using the contralateral kidney as a control, %PVR was defined: (parenchymal volume contralateral -parenchymal volume ipsilateral ) normalized by parenchymal volume contralateral x100%. PVR was determined preoperatively and not altered by management. Patients were grouped by degree of PVR: minimal (<5%, N = 566), modest (5%-25%, N = 414), and prominent (≥25%, N = 142). Kaplan-Meier was used to evaluate survival outcomes relative to degree of PVR. Multivariable Cox-regression models evaluated predictors of recurrence-free survival (RFS)., Results: Of 1,122 patients, 801 (71%) were selected for PN and 321 (29%) for RN. Overall, median tumor size was 3.1 cm and 6.8 cm for PN and RN, respectively, and median follow-up was 8.6 years. Median %PVR was 15% (IQR = 6%-29%) for patients selected for RN and negligible for those selected for PN. %PVR correlated inversely with preoperative ipsilateral GFR (r = -0.49, P < 0.01) and directly with advanced pathologic stage, high tumor grade, clear cell histology, and sarcomatoid features (all P < 0.01). PVR≥25% associated with shortened recurrence-free, cancer-specific, and overall survival (all P < 0.01). Male sex, ≥pT3a, tumor grade 4, positive surgical margins, and PVR≥25% independently associated with reduced RFS (all P < 0.02)., Conclusions: Obliteration of normal parenchyma by RCC substantially impacts preoperative renal function and patient selection. Our data suggests that increased PVR is primarily driven by aggressive tumor characteristics and independently associates with reduced RFS, although further studies will be needed to substantiate our findings., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None of the authors have any disclosures or conflict of interest to report., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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40. Practical Prediction of New Baseline Renal Function After Partial Nephrectomy.

Author

Rathi N, Attawettayanon W, Kazama A, Yasuda Y, Munoz-Lopez C, Lewis K, Maina E, Wood A, Palacios DA, Li J, Abdallah N, Weight CJ, Eltemamy M, Krishnamurthi V, Abouassaly R, and Campbell SC

Subjects
Humans, Nephrectomy methods, Kidney surgery, Kidney pathology, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Postoperative Period, Retrospective Studies, Kidney Neoplasms surgery, Kidney Neoplasms pathology
Abstract

Background: Partial nephrectomy (PN) is generally preferred for localized renal masses due to strong functional outcomes. Accurate prediction of new baseline glomerular filtration rate (NBGFR) after PN may facilitate preoperative counseling because NBGFR may affect long-term survival, particularly for patients with preoperative chronic kidney disease. Methods for predicting parenchymal volume preservation, and by extension NBGFR, have been proposed, including those based on contact surface area (CSA) or direct measurement of tissue likely to be excised/devascularized during PN. We previously reported that presuming 89% of global GFR preservation (the median value saved from previous, independent analyses) is as accurate as the more subjective/labor-intensive CSA and direct measurement approaches. More recently, several promising complex/multivariable predictive algorithms have been published, which typically include tumor, patient, and surgical factors. In this study, we compare our conceptually simple approach (NBGFR Post-PN = 0.90 × GFR Pre-PN ) with these sophisticated algorithms, presuming that an even 90% of the global GFR is saved with each PN., Patients and Methods: A total of 631 patients with bilateral kidneys who underwent PN at Cleveland Clinic (2012-2014) for localized renal masses with available preoperative/postoperative GFR were analyzed. NBGFR was defined as the final GFR 3-12 months post-PN. Predictive accuracies were assessed from correlation coefficients (r) and mean squared errors (MSE)., Results: Our conceptually simple approach based on uniform 90% functional preservation had equivalent r values when compared with complex, multivariable models, and had the lowest degree of error when predicting NBGFR post-PN., Conclusions: Our simple formula performs equally well as complex algorithms when predicting NBGFR after PN. Strong anchoring by preoperative GFR and minimal functional loss (≈ 10%) with the typical PN likely account for these observations. This formula is practical and can facilitate counseling about expected postoperative functional outcomes after PN., (© 2023. Society of Surgical Oncology.)

Published
2024
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41. A long-term obesogenic high-fat diet in mice partially dampens the anti-frailty benefits of late-life intermittent fasting.

Author

Henderson YO, Bithi N, Yang J, Link C, Zhang A, Baron B, Maina E, and Hine C

Subjects
Animals, Mice, Quality of Life, Obesity, Fasting metabolism, Diet, High-Fat adverse effects, Intermittent Fasting
Abstract

The global obesity pandemic coupled with ever-growing life expectancies equates to hundreds of millions of individuals with potentially longer but not healthier lives. Aging is one of the risk factors for numerous maladies such as metabolic disorder and frailty, which are exacerbated under obesity. Thus, therapeutic approaches that address obesity to ultimately improve affected individuals' quality of life and extend their lifespan are needed. We previously reported that the every other day (EOD) fasting initiated late-life improved metabolic, musculoskeletal, and cognitive endpoints in standard rodent diet-fed mice. In the present study, using the same dietary intervention methodology, we tested if 2.5 months of EOD fasting could improve metabolic, physiological, and cognitive endpoints in mice after an 18 month obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD). The positive effects of EOD fasting were generally consistent across the endpoints; EOD fasting decreased total body mass, maintained more %lean mass, improved glucose tolerance and utilization, and improved neuromuscular function. In contrast to our previous study, grip strength, hippocampal-dependent memory, and renal hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) production were not improved by the HFD EOD fasting. Thus, efficacy for late-life initiated intermittent fasting to improve specific frailty markers may be partially dependent on nutritional compositions of the diet., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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42. Radio Astronomical Antennas in the Central African Region to Improve the Sampling Function of the VLBI Network in the SKA Era?

Author

Atemkeng M, Okouma P, Maina E, Ianjamasimanana R, and Zambou S

Subjects
Humans, Central African Republic, Congo, Cameroon, Astronomy, Interferometry
Abstract

On the African continent, South Africa has world-class astronomical facilities for advanced radio astronomy research. With the advent of the Square Kilometre Array project in South Africa (SA SKA), six countries in Africa (SA SKA partner countries) have joined South Africa to contribute towards the African Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Network (AVN). Each of the AVN countries aims to construct a single-dish radio telescope that will be part of the AVN, the European VLBI Network, and the global VLBI network. The SKA and the AVN will enable very high sensitivity VLBI in the southern hemisphere. In the current AVN, there is a gap in the coverage in the central African region. This work analyses the increased scientific impact of having additional antennas in each of the six countries in central Africa, i.e., Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Chad, and the Central African Republic. A number of economic human capital impacts of having a radio interferometer in central Africa are also discussed. This work also discusses the recent progress on the AVN project and shares a few lessons from some past successes in ground stations retrofitting.

Published
2022
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43. Surgical Safety Checklist Use and Post-Caesarean Sepsis in the Lake Zone of Tanzania: Results from Safe Surgery 2020.

Author

Wurdeman T, Staffa SJ, Barash D, Buberwa L, Eliakimu E, Maina E, Maongezi S, Meara JG, Munyonyela W, Mushi R, Reynolds C, Strader C, Varallo J, Washington L, Zurakowski D, Alidina S, and Kapologwe NA

Subjects
Cesarean Section adverse effects, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Quality Improvement, Tanzania epidemiology, Checklist, Sepsis epidemiology, Sepsis etiology, Sepsis prevention & control
Abstract

Background: Maternal sepsis accounts for significant morbidity and mortality in lower income countries, and caesarean delivery, while often necessary, augments the risk of maternal sepsis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Safe Surgery 2020 surgical safety checklist (SSC) implementation on post-caesarean sepsis in Tanzania., Methods: We conducted a study in 20 facilities in Tanzania's Lake Zone as part of the Safe Surgery 2020 intervention. We prospectively collected data on SSC adherence and maternal sepsis outcomes from 1341 caesarian deliveries. The primary outcome measure was maternal sepsis rate. The primary predictor was SSC adherence. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate independent associations between SSC adherence and maternal sepsis., Results: Higher SSC adherence was associated with lower rates of maternal sepsis (<25% adherence: 5.0%; >75% adherence: 0.7%). Wound class and facility type were significantly associated with development of maternal sepsis (Wound class: Clean-Contaminated 3.7%, Contaminated/Dirty 20%, P = 0.018) (Facility Type: Health Centre 5.9%, District Hospital 4.5%, Regional Referral Hospital 1.7%, P = 0.018). In multivariable analysis, after controlling for wound class and facility type, higher SSC adherence was associated with lower rates of maternal sepsis, with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.17 per percentage point increase in SSC adherence (95% CI: 0.04, 0.79; P = 0.024)., Conclusions: Adherence to the SSC may reduce maternal morbidity during caesarean delivery, reinforcing the assumption that surgical quality interventions improve maternal outcomes. Future studies should continue to explore additional synergies between surgical and maternal quality improvement., (© 2021. Société Internationale de Chirurgie.)

Published
2022
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44. Improving surgical quality in low-income and middle-income countries: why do some health facilities perform better than others?

Author

Alidina S, Chatterjee P, Zanial N, Alreja SS, Balira R, Barash D, Ernest E, Giiti GC, Maina E, Mazhiqi A, Mushi R, Reynolds C, Sydlowski M, Tinuga F, Maongezi S, Meara JG, Kapologwe NA, Barringer E, Cainer M, Citron I, DiMeo A, Fitzgerald L, Ghandour H, Gruendl M, Hellar A, Jumbam DT, Katoto A, Kelly L, Kisakye S, Kuchukhidze S, Lama TN, Menon G, Mshana S, Reynolds C, Segirinya H, Simba D, Smith V, Staffa SJ, Strader C, Tibyehabwa L, Troxel A, Varallo J, Wurdeman T, and Zurakowski D

Subjects
Health Facilities, Humans, Leadership, Poverty, Developing Countries, Ecosystem
Abstract

Background: Evidence on heterogeneity in outcomes of surgical quality interventions in low-income and middle-income countries is limited. We explored factors driving performance in the Safe Surgery 2020 intervention in Tanzania's Lake Zone to distil implementation lessons for low-resource settings., Methods: We identified higher (n=3) and lower (n=3) performers from quantitative data on improvement from 14 safety and teamwork and communication indicators at 0 and 12 months from 10 intervention facilities, using a positive deviance framework. From 72 key informant interviews with surgical providers across facilities at 1, 6 and 12 months, we used a grounded theory approach to identify practices of higher and lower performers., Results: Performance experiences of higher and lower performers differed on the following themes: (1) preintervention context, (2) engagement with Safe Surgery 2020 interventions, (3) teamwork and communication orientation, (4) collective learning orientation, (5) role of leadership, and (6) perceived impact of Safe Surgery 2020 and beyond. Higher performers had a culture of teamwork which helped them capitalise on Safe Surgery 2020 to improve surgical ecosystems holistically on safety practices, teamwork and communication. Lower performers prioritised overhauling safety practices and began considering organisational cultural changes much later. Thus, while also improving, lower performers prioritised different goals and trailed higher performers on the change continuum., Conclusion: Future interventions should be tailored to facility context and invest in strengthening teamwork, communication and collective learning and facilitate leadership engagement to build a receptive climate for successful implementation of safe surgery interventions., Competing Interests: Competing interests: SA, SSA, EB, MC, PC, IC, ADM, EE, LF, GCG, MG, AH, DTJ, AK, LK, StK, SaK, TNL, EM, SM, AM, GM, ChaR, CheR, HS, DS, VS, CS, MS, LT, AT, JV, TW and NZ had financial support from GE Foundation for the submitted work. EE, AH, GCG, AK, LF, SM, DS, LT, AT and JV declare financial support from ELMA Philanthropies. DB is employed by GE Foundation, which funded this work. NAK reports that he is the Director of Health, Social Welfare and Nutrition Services at PO-RALG in Tanzania. SM reports that she is the Acting Assistant Director NCDs, at the Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children in Tanzania. Both institutions are party to the MoU under which the Safe Surgery 2020 intervention (the subject of the study/assessment) is implemented., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Published
2021
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45. The scope of hospital medicine practice at night: a national survey of night shift hospitalists.

Author

Atlas KR, Forbes M, Riches J, Maina E, Lim R, Johnson T, Niessen T, and Desai N

Subjects
Hospitalists standards, Humans, Patient Admission statistics & numerical data, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Hospitalists organization & administration, Patient Safety standards, Shift Work Schedule
Abstract

Introduction : Although in-person hospitalist presence, increasingly staffed by dedicated nocturnists, has become the norm overnight in the hospital, the scope of nocturnist practice and typical workload has not been defined. This study examines the clinical responsibilities and patient safety perceptions of hospitalists who work night shifts in the United States. Methods : In the fall of 2019, a cross-sectional, web-based survey was administered to physician and nurse practitioner/physician assistant (NP/PA) hospitalists who work night shifts. The questionnaire assessed night staffing structure, typical responsibilities, patient volume, perceptions of safety overnight, as well as demographic information. The survey was posted on the Society of Hospital Medicine (SHM) Hospital Medicine Exchange (HMX) Online Discussion Forum. Additionally, the survey was distributed by 'snowball method' by respondents to other night hospitalists. Responses were collected anonymously. Results : Of the 167 respondents, 157 reported working night shifts. There was at least one respondent from 32 different states. In addition to performing admissions to medicine services and covering inpatients, night hospitalists cover ICU patients, participate in RRT/Code teams and procedure teams, perform consults, participate in medical education, and take outpatient calls. Across institutions, there was a large distribution in numbers of patients covered in a night shift; however, patient volume fell into typical ranges: 5-10 admissions for physicians, 0-6 admissions for NP/PAs, and 25-75 patient cross-coverage census. When physicians perform more than five admissions per night, hospitalists were less likely to agree that they could provide safe care (88% vs. 63%, p = 0.0006). Conclusions : This is the first national study to examine the clinical responsibilities of hospitalists working overnight. Overnight responsibilities are heterogeneous across institutions. As hospitals are increasingly employing nocturnists, more research is needed to guide night staffing and optimize patient safety.

Published
2021
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46. Outcomes of a multicomponent safe surgery intervention in Tanzania's Lake Zone: a prospective, longitudinal study.

Author

Alidina S, Menon G, Staffa SJ, Alreja S, Barash D, Barringer E, Cainer M, Citron I, DiMeo A, Ernest E, Fitzgerald L, Ghandour H, Gruendl M, Hellar A, Jumbam DT, Katoto A, Kelly L, Kisakye S, Kuchukhidze S, Lama T, Lodge Ii W, Maina E, Massaga F, Mazhiqi A, Meara JG, Mshana S, Nason I, Reynolds C, Reynolds C, Segirinya H, Simba D, Smith V, Strader C, Sydlowski M, Tibyehabwa L, Tinuga F, Troxel A, Ulisubisya M, Varallo J, Wurdeman T, Zanial N, Zurakowski D, Kapologwe N, and Maongezi S

Subjects
Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, Tanzania, Operating Rooms
Abstract

Background: Evidence-based strategies for improving surgical quality and patient outcomes in low-resource settings are a priority., Objective: To evaluate the impact of a multicomponent safe surgery intervention (Safe Surgery 2020) on (1) adherence to safety practices, teamwork and communication, and documentation in patient files, and (2) incidence of maternal sepsis, postoperative sepsis, and surgical site infection., Methods: We conducted a prospective, longitudinal study in 10 intervention and 10 control facilities in Tanzania's Lake Zone, across a 3-month pre-intervention period in 2018 and 3-month post-intervention period in 2019. SS2020 is a multicomponent intervention to support four surgical quality areas: (i) leadership and teamwork, (ii) evidence-based surgery, anesthesia and equipment sterilization practices, (iii) data completeness and (iv) infrastructure. Surgical team members received training and mentorship, and each facility received up to a $10 000 infrastructure grant. Inpatients undergoing major surgery and postpartum women were followed during their stay up to 30 days. We assessed adherence to 14 safety and teamwork and communication measures through direct observation in the operating room. We identified maternal sepsis (vaginal or cesarean delivery), postoperative sepsis and SSIs prospectively through daily surveillance and assessed medical record completeness retrospectively through chart review. We compared changes in surgical quality outcomes between intervention and control facilities using difference-in-differences analyses to determine areas of impact., Results: Safety practices improved significantly by an additional 20.5% (95% confidence interval (CI), 7.2-33.7%; P = 0.003) and teamwork and communication conversations by 33.3% (95% CI, 5.7-60.8%; P = 0.02) in intervention facilities compared to control facilities. Maternal sepsis rates reduced significantly by 1% (95% CI, 0.1-1.9%; P = 0.02). Documentation completeness improved by 41.8% (95% CI, 27.4-56.1%; P < 0.001) for sepsis and 22.3% (95% CI, 4.7-39.8%; P = 0.01) for SSIs., Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate the benefit of the SS2020 approach. Improvement was observed in adherence to safety practices, teamwork and communication, and data quality, and there was a reduction in maternal sepsis rates. Our results support the emerging evidence that improving surgical quality in a low-resource setting requires a focus on the surgical system and culture. Investigation in diverse contexts is necessary to confirm and generalize our results and to understand how to adapt the intervention for different settings. Further work is also necessary to assess the long-term effect and sustainability of such interventions., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of International Society for Quality in Health Care.)

Published
2021
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47. In-Hospital Postoperative Mortality Rates for Selected Procedures in Tanzania's Lake Zone.

Author

Wurdeman T, Strader C, Alidina S, Barash D, Citron I, Kapologwe N, Maina E, Massaga F, Mazhiqi A, Meara JG, Menon G, Reynolds C, Sydlowski M, Varallo J, Maongezi S, and Ulisubisya M

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Cesarean Section mortality, Female, Hospitals statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Quality of Health Care statistics & numerical data, Tanzania epidemiology, Young Adult, Hospital Mortality trends, Quality Improvement statistics & numerical data, Quality Improvement trends, Surgical Procedures, Operative mortality
Abstract

Background: Postoperative mortality rate is one of six surgical indicators identified by the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery for monitoring access to high-quality surgical care. The primary aim of this study was to measure the postoperative mortality rate in Tanzania's Lake Zone to provide a baseline for surgical strengthening efforts. The secondary aim was to measure the effect of Safe Surgery 2020, a multi-component intervention to improve surgical quality, on postoperative mortality after 10 months., Methods: We prospectively collected data on postoperative mortality from 20 health centers, district hospitals, and regional hospitals in Tanzania's Lake Zone over two time periods: pre-intervention (February to April 2018) and post-intervention (March to May 2019). We analyzed postoperative mortality rates by procedure type. We used logistic regression to determine the impact of Safe Surgery 2020 on postoperative mortality., Results: The overall average in-hospital non-obstetric postoperative mortality rate for all surgery procedures was 2.62%. The postoperative mortality rates for laparotomy were 3.92% and for cesarean delivery was 0.24%. Logistic regression demonstrated no difference in the postoperative mortality rate after the Safe Surgery 2020 intervention., Conclusions: Our results inform national surgical planning in Tanzania by providing a sub-national baseline estimate of postoperative mortality rates for multiple surgical procedures and serve as a basis from which to measure the impact of future surgical quality interventions. Our study showed no improvement in postoperative mortality after implementation of Safe Surgery 2020, possibly due to low power to detect change.

Published
2021
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48. Detection of allergen-specific antibody-secreting cells in dogs by ELISPOT.

Author

Pelst MP, Maina E, Vandenabeele S, Hesta M, and Cox E

Subjects
Animals, Antibodies immunology, Antibody Specificity, Antibody-Producing Cells metabolism, Dermatitis immunology, Dogs, Female, Immunoglobulin A metabolism, Immunoglobulin E metabolism, Immunoglobulin G metabolism, Male, Allergens immunology, Antibodies metabolism, Antibody-Producing Cells immunology, Dermatitis veterinary, Dog Diseases immunology, Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay veterinary
Abstract

Current laboratory tests are unable to distinguish healthy from allergic dogs. Unlike serum antibody responses, circulating antibody-secreting cells (ASC) are temporarily induced after each contact with the antigen. These ASC can be identified using ELISPOT and the observation of allergen-specific ASC might correlate with the causative allergens in dogs with an allergic dermatitis. In this study, blood was sampled from six privately-owned allergic dogs and six non-allergic laboratory beagles to determine the frequency of circulating allergen-specific ASC for common allergens. Blood IgE+, IgA + and IgG + cells were magnetically isolated to determine the number of allergen-specific ASC with ELISPOT for Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Alternaria alternata, birch, timothy grass, wheat, cow's milk, bovine, chicken and lamb meat. For IgA and IgG, allergen-specific spots were observed, however for IgE, no spots were detected for any of the allergens. ELISPOT could not differentiate allergic from non-allergic dogs. When the responses to the different allergens were compared, more IgA ASC for D. pteronyssinus were observed compared to some of the other allergens which was statistically significant for the non-allergic dogs and approached significance in the allergic dogs. These findings indicate that ELISPOT can be used to identify circulating allergen-specific IgA- and IgG-secreting cells. The technique did however not detect allergen-specific IgE ASC and was unable to distinguish allergic from non-allergic dogs. Only a small number of studies have studied allergen-specific IgA in dogs. The finding that dogs have higher numbers of D. pteronyssinus-specific IgA ASC points out that apart from IgE and IgG, it might be interesting to include IgA measurements for certain allergens to analyse the complete spectrum of both the protective and pro-allergic antibody responses., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2020
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50. Use of maropitant for the control of pruritus in non-flea, non-food-induced feline hypersensitivity dermatitis: an open-label, uncontrolled pilot study.

Author

Maina E and Fontaine J

Subjects
Animals, Cats, Dermatitis, Atopic drug therapy, Female, Male, Pilot Projects, Pruritus drug therapy, Cat Diseases drug therapy, Dermatitis, Atopic veterinary, Immunosuppressive Agents therapeutic use, Pruritus veterinary, Quinuclidines therapeutic use
Abstract

Objectives: Non-flea, non-food-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis (NFNFIHD) is a common inflammatory and pruritic skin disease in cats. When avoidance and conventional systemic immunosuppressive treatments fail to control the clinical signs, there are limited treatment options. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of maropitant in feline NFNFIHD., Methods: In an open-label, uncontrolled study, cats with proven non-seasonal NFNFIHD were treated with maropitant 2 mg/kg PO q24h for 4 weeks. Clinical lesions were evaluated with the Scoring Feline Allergic Dermatitis (SCORFAD) system and pruritus was evaluated with a 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) before and at the end of the study. Owners assessed global efficacy and tolerability with a 4-point scale at the end of the study. Adverse events and body weight changes were recorded., Results: Twelve cats were treated with a mean initial maropitant dose of 2.22 mg/kg PO q24h. The treatment decreased both SCORFAD and pruritus VAS (pVAS) scores in all cats except one, in which only pruritus was reduced. The efficacy and the tolerability of the treatment were judged as excellent or good by 83.3% of owners. Treatment did not cause any side effects other than, in a few cases, short-time, self-limiting sialorrhoea., Conclusions and Relevance: Maropitant seems to be an effective, well-tolerated therapeutic option to control pruritus in cats. Caution is needed in interpreting the results as the pVAS score system has not yet been validated in cats and the trial was uncontrolled. A further, controlled study is required to confirm our findings.

Published
2019
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