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Introduction As part of the service quality assurance program, the implementation of 4D imaging required the implementation of a new quality control. The main idea was to evaluate the restitution of the shape, volume and position of a moving object through the CT4D imagery performed on the AS OPEN DEFINITION (SIEMENS) device. For this study the creation of a mobile object was necessary. For its low interaction with the RX, its simplicity of use, and its multiplicity of solutions, the technology LEGO® was retained. Methods Equipment ♣ Scanner: SOMATOM Definition AS (Open 20 RT) ♣ Detecteur de respiration: Systeme ANZAI AZ 733 VI ♣ Fantome: LEGO® (Brick, Technic et Power Functions) 6 movements (Long, Lat and 4 hysteresis 2D) were programmed and imaged in CT4D (10 phases, MaxIP, MinIP and Average), in 1 and 2 mm. The analysis of the shape and volume of the object was made by comparing the CT image analysis of the immobile object. The analysis of the trajectories was carried out by comparing the reading (ppm) of the trajectories and the positions of the center of the object deduced from the CT4D imagery (10 phases, MaxIP, MinIP and Average. Results The average deviations observed on the 10 phases are quite dispersed, in exploration of 1 mm as in 2 mm, but of comparable values. The deformation of the object, observed in the different phases, reflects these variations. Conclusions This study enabled us to postulate the necessary and sufficient cutting thickness (2 mm) to be programmed during 4D acquisitions and to validate the synchronization of the respiratory signal with the bidirectional trajectory (longitudinal and lateral) of a moving object. It will still evolve this ghost by implementing anteroposterior movement.

Zusammenfassung 1 Beim Schwein tritt nach den durchgefuhrten Versuchen der Ein-flus der Trocknungsart des Rubenkrautes auf dessen Verdaulichkeit nicht so deutlich hervor wie beim Schaf und Geflugel. Im trommelgetrockneten Rubenkraut wurde eine Verdaulichkeit des Eiweises von 44,11% ge-funden, im umlaufgetrockneten von 40,45 %. 2 Im getrockneten Molkeneiweis wurde das Rohprotein zu 91,10% verdaut. Das Verhaltnis Ca: P betragt 37,3: 1 Aquivalente. 3 Getrocknetes Rubenkraut und Luzernemehl verschieben das Saure-Basenverhaltnis im Harn nach der basischen Seite, Molkeneiweis und Gerstenschrot nach der sauren Seite. Auf diese Futterwirkungen wird kurz eingegangen.

Summary Objective Prototheca zopfii are colourless algae that can cause mastitis in dairy cattle. Based on sequence analysis of the 18S rRNA gene, three genotypes are described. Material and method To differentiate them, a recent method of diagnostic was proposed based on rDNA amplification by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Restriction Fragments Length Polymorphism analysis (RFLP). A total of 30 strains isolated from mastitis cases becoming of various farms were investigated. Results The molecular study allowed the identification of 27 strains belonging to genotype II, three to genotype III and no one to genotype I. Conclusion The simple PCR/RFLP system enabled the rapid, accurate and easily performed identification of genotypes of the species “ zopfii ”.

Summary Prototheca species are aerobic, unicellular, achlorophyllous algae that propagate asexually by endosporulation. They are ubiquitous in nature and have been isolated from the slime flux of trees, soil, water, animal waste and sewage. They can also be found in many food products. Since the genus Prototheca was identified in 1894 by Kruger, the phylogeny and taxonomic position of the organisms within this taxon have repeatedly been the subject of scientific controversy. Prototheca , which was first thought to be a fungus, is now generally considered to be the apochlorotic equivalent of Chlorella . Its close relationship with the photosynthetic alga Auxenochlorella protothecoides has been confirmed using chemotaxonomic strategies and on the basis of molecular data. Five species are currently recognized, of which two, Prototheca zopfii and Prototheca wickerhamii , have been proven to produce infections in mammals. Though extremely rare, Prototheca infections do occur in humans, with P. wickerhamii being the most frequent causative agent. Only slightly more than 100 human cases have been reported worldwide. Three major clinical forms of human protothecosis have been described: cutaneous, olecranon bursitis and disseminated as an opportunistic infection. The pathogenesis of Prototheca organisms remains unclear, but they are believed to be of low virulence and mostly infect patients with various forms of immunosuppression. Though no standardized pharmacologic protocol is available, treatment with antimycotic agents has proven to be effective. For localized lesions, surgical excision has been successful. Diagnosis of protothecosis depends on the results of either culture or histopathology. Although protothecal infections are sporadic and in most cases completely curable, they should not be ignored. On the contrary, they require close monitoring to provide a better understanding of the epidemiology and pathologic processes that accompany Prototheca infections. This article discusses the most essential issues concerning protothecosis and its etiologic agents.

La radiotherapie par modulation d’intensite permet d’augmenter la dose au volume cible en respectant l’irradiation des organes critiques et des tissus sains. La technique s’est particulierement developpee dans les indications des cancers prostatiques, des cancers de la tete et du cou et des tumeurs gynecologiques pelviennes. Les differentes etapes de la mise en œuvre de ces traitements necessitent des programmes d’assurance de qualite rigoureux permettant de valider les indications, la definition des volumes a traiter et respectant les contraintes des organes sensibles. Son efficacite et ses resultats sont desormais bien etablis pour les irradiations a dose elevee des cancers prostatiques et pour la preservation salivaire des malades irradies pour les cancers de la tete et du cou. La formation des personnes impliquees dans la mise en œuvre de ces traitements est indispensable a sa generalisation afin de permettre a un nombre plus important de patients de beneficier de cette amelioration technologique en radiotherapie.

Purpose To evaluate the maximum tolerated dose of simultaneous integrated-boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy (SIB-IMRT) associated with temozolomide in patients with glioblastoma. Patients and methods Between November 2009 and January 2012, nine patients with malignant glioma were enrolled in this phase I clinical trial. Radiotherapy was delivered using fractions of 2.5 Gy on the planning target volume b and of 1.9 Gy on the planning target volume a. Volumes were defined as follow: gross tumour volume b: tumour taking up contrast on T1 weighted MRI images; clinical target volume b: gross tumour volume b + 0.5 cm (adapted to the anatomical structures) and lastly planning target volume b: clinical target volume b + 0.5 cm; gross tumour volume a: tumour (gross tumour volume b) + 2 cm and including oedema outlined on T2Flair MRI sequences; clinical target volume a gross tumour volume a + 0.5 cm (adapted to the anatomical structures); planning target volume a: clinical target volume a + 0.5 cm. Three patients were enrolled at each of the three levels of dose (70, 75 and 80 Gy prescribed on the planning target volume b and 56, 60 and 60.8 Gy on the planning target volume a). Radiotherapy was delivered with temozolomide according to the standard protocol. Dose-limiting toxicities were defined as any haematological toxicities at least grade 4 or as any radiotherapy-related non-haematological acute toxicities at least grade 3, according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0. Results Until the last dose level of 80 Gy, no patient showed dose-limiting toxicity. Conclusions SIB-IMRT, at least until a dose of 80 Gy in 32 daily fractions, associated with temozolomide is feasible and well tolerated.

Resume Un veterinaire est consulte au cours de l'hiver pour un veau de 4 jours presentant des lesions cutanees autour du mufle, sur les flancs et au niveau de la croupe. Les examens microscopiques et les cultures a partir de prelevements de poils et de croutes revelent une dermatite a Dermatophilus congolensis. Apres un traitement a base de penicilline et de streptomycine, une regression des lesions suivie d'une guerison complete sont constatees.

A total of 436 milk samples from non-infected and 80 from infected quarters were investigated: 24.5% of the samples collected from non-infected and 55% of those collected from infected quarters were positive. Normal milk yielded not less than 16 different species and among them many potentially pathogenic yeast species such as C. parapsilosis, C. guilliermondii, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata and T. asahii, all five able to grow at 40 degrees C. In contrast, the yeasts isolated from infected quarters were from 3 species: C. kefyr, C. catenulata and C. lambica, which were also among the yeasts species recovered from normal milk. Among the three species, only one i.e. Candida kefyr is able to grow above 40 degrees C and from there can be considered as potentially pathogenic, even if bacterial association is necessary to cause mastitis.

Objectif La prise en charge standard des tumeurs rectales localement evoluees classees T3-T4 et/ou atteignant les ganglions repose sur un traitement preoperatoire associant une radiotherapie de 45–50 Gy et une chimiotherapie a base de 5-fluoro-uracile. La radiotherapie avec modulation d’intensite a deja montre son interet comparativement a la radiotherapie conformationnelle dans d’autres localisations mais aucune etude clinique n’a ete realisee pour le cancer du rectum. L’objectif de l’etude etait d’evaluer l’efficacite et la tolerance de la RCMI (VMAT®) (arctherapie volumetrique modulee) dans le traitement preoperatoire des tumeurs localement evoluees du rectum. Patients et methodes Les patients operes pour un adenocarcinome rectal entre le 01 octobre 2013 et le 31 mars 2014 et ayant recu une RCMI preoperatoire de type VMAT® dans notre centre ont ete inclus. Resultats Vingt-trois patients ont ete inclus. Dans 96 % des cas, la tumeur etait classee T3-T4 et/ou atteignait les ganglions. Il s’agissait majoritairement (96 %) de tumeurs du bas et moyen rectum. Les patients ont recu 45 Gy en 25 fractions (avec un boost concomitant de 50 Gy dans la tumeur). Un patient a eu un arret temporaire de l’irradiation pour une diarrhee de grade 2. En ce qui concerne la chimiotherapie concomitante, 65 % des patients recevaient de la capecitabine et 35 % une association de 5-fluoro-uracile et d’oxaliplatine. Deux patients ont souffert d’une toxicite de grade 3 suite au traitement preoperatoire. La chirurgie a ete realisee en moyenne huit semaines apres la fin de l’irradiation. Trois patients ont souffert d’une complication dans les 30 jours postoperatoires. Pour tous les patients, la chirurgie etait R0, pour 39 % le resultat histologique etait ypT0N0 et il y avait un « downstaging » dans 74 % des cas. Conclusion Cette etude confirme la faisabilite de la RCMI (VMAT®) dans le traitement preoperatoire des tumeurs localement evoluees du rectum. Il semble que cette technique pourrait augmenter le taux de reponse complete et diminuer la toxicite.