64 results on '"E. Kanai"'
Search Results
2. ChemInform Abstract: Studies on the Constituents of Catalpa Species. Part 1. Iridoids from Catalpae Fructus
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E. Kanai, K. Machida, and M. Kikuchi
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biology ,Chemistry ,Botany ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Catalpa - Published
- 2010
3. Solid-Phase Synthesis of Quinolines by Using an Alkoxyamine Linker
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T Noda, Kenji Yamaguchi, E Kanai, Takuma Sato, H Hioki, Yasuhiro Uozumi, and T Tomizawa
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Solid-phase synthesis ,Chemistry ,Combinatorial chemistry ,Linker - Published
- 2015
4. [Diffuse panbronchiolitis with myeloperoxidase-specific antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-related vasculitis]
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D, Miyamoto, Y, Ichinose, M, Kikawada, H, Kusumoto, N, Yanagisawa, E, Kanai, K, Minemura, M, Yonemaru, and K, Toyama
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Vasculitis ,Hypertension, Renovascular ,Prednisolone ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,Bronchiolitis ,Humans ,Female ,Middle Aged ,Cyclophosphamide ,Immunosuppressive Agents ,Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic ,Peroxidase - Abstract
A 46-year-old woman was referred to our department in July 1996 with complaints of fever and myalgia in her calves. She had a 20-year history of purulent sputum; diffuse panbronchiolitis had been diagnosed in 1983. Physical examination revealed low-pithed rhonchi over the lung fieldis and hypesthesia of the right leg. She had a white blood cell count of 16,100/mm3, including 4% eosinophils, and a platelet count of 80.0 x 10(4)/mm3. The serum IgE level was 2,200 U/ml, and the cold hemagglutinin titer was high. Pulmonary-function tests showed mixed ventilatory dysfunction, and arterial blood gas analysis revealed a PaO2 of 55.8 Torr on room air. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was cultured from her sputum. A chest X-ray film and CT scan showed diffuse nodular shadows and bronchiectatic changes with mild hyperinflation. An infiltrative lesion in right S6 area could also be seen. Administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics did not alleviate her symptoms. The level of myeloperoxidase-specific antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA) in serum was 245 EU/ml, and 67Ga scintigraphy showed marked accumulation in the abdomen. Abdominal angiography demonstrated a bead-like appearance and irregularities in the peripheral branches of the hapatic artery, the splenic artery, the cystic artery, and the superior mesenteric artery. Because of the high MPO-ANCA level and the angiographic abnormalities, MPO-ANCA-related vasculitis was diagnosed. She was treated with 1 g of methylprednisolone daily for 3 days, followed by 60 mg of prednisolone and 50 mg of cyclophosphamide daily. Her condition improved dramatically, and the MPO-ANCA level became almost normal. During treatment, her blood pressure rose markedly with a normal serum creatinine level and normal urinalysis. Plasma renin activity was 13.3 ng/ml/hr. Renal angiography showed stenoses and irregularities in the peripheral branches of renal arteries bilaterally. These findings led to a diagnosis of renovascular hypertension due to vasculitis. Her blood pressure was controlled with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a calcium antagonist. Vasculitis associated with chronic supportive lung disease has occasionally been reported, which suggests a casual relation between chronic respiratory infection and ANCA-related vasculitis. Systemic vasculitis should be taken into account as a potential complication of chronic suppurative lung disease.
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- 1998
5. Domain structure in Ni4Mo alloy
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T. Saburi, S. Nenno, and E. Kanai
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Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,Alloy ,Metallurgy ,General Engineering ,Nucleation ,Intermetallic ,engineering.material ,Isothermal process ,law.invention ,law ,Domain (ring theory) ,engineering ,Perpendicular ,Electron microscope - Abstract
Microstructural changes of Ni 4 Mo alloy during isothermal ageing at 800 °C were followed by using electron microscopy. The transition from short-range, ordered α-phase (as quenched) to the long-range, ordered β-phase was found to take place by random nucleation and growth of β-phase domains in the α-matrix. After impingement, β-domains coalesce towards a configuration characterized by perpendicular twin plates which are arranged side by side parallel to {110}-type planes. Each of the perpendicular twin plates consists of two types of anti-parallel, twin-related domains.
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- 1974
6. ABSTRACTS of the papers presented to the Symposium on the Theory of Elementary Particles
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M. Nogami, I. Sato, S. Ozaki, S. Noma, Y. Tanikawa, M. Hirano, M. Tatsuoka, T. Miyazima, S. Hayakawa, Y. Miyamoto, S. Tomonaga, H. Suzuki, G. Araki, I. Imai, K. Husimi, R. Utiyama, E. Kanai, S. Watanabe, H. Yukawa, and S. Sakata
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Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) - Published
- 1949
7. Abstracts of the papers presented to the Symposium on the Theory of Elementary Particles: at Physics Department, Kyoto University, November 24-25, 1947
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G. Iwata, K. Ono, Y. Nambu, Z. Koba, S. Hayakawa, Y. Miyamoto, S. Kanesawa, T. Tati, S. Tomonaga, D. Ito, T. Miyazima, O. Hara, H. Umezawa, S. Sakata, Y. Tanikawa, K. Sawada, G. Araki, E. Kanai, M. Nogami, N. Shono, M. Tanifuji, H. Enatsu, S. Noma, S. Hiroshi, H. Yukawa, and Y. Oda
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Physics ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Library science ,Elementary particle ,Engineering physics - Published
- 1948
8. [Teaching of general theory of nursing (2)]
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M, Mori, E, Kanai, Y, Okumura, K, Nakano, and S, Nishikawa
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Teaching ,Education, Nursing - Published
- 1976
9. On the β-Spectra of the Cu64
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S. Gotô, E. Kanai, and M. Kobayasi
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Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) - Published
- 1950
10. Theoretical Study of Nonthermal Microwave Effects on Intramolecular Reactions
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M., Kanno, K., Nakamura, E., Kanai, H., Kono, K., Hoki, and M., Tanaka
11. Peripheral warming for prevention of hypothermia in small dogs during soft tissue surgery: A randomized controlled trial.
- Author
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Kudo A, Oboso R, Oshita R, Yamauchi A, Kamo S, Yoshida H, Kanai E, and Takagi S
- Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effects of wrapping the extremities of small dogs with table leg covers to prevent hypothermia during anesthesia., Study Design: Randomized parallel-group study., Animals: A total of 60 adult dogs with a body mass <15 kg anesthetized for soft tissue surgery., Methods: Dogs were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The control group received routine intraoperative thermal support, while the limb-wrapping group had their peripheral limbs covered with table leg covers up to the mid-metacarpal/metatarsal region, in addition to routine thermal support. Rectal temperature during anesthesia was recorded and compared between the two groups. Data analyses were performed using Student's t-test for rectal temperature, Fisher's exact test for hypothermia incidence and analysis of covariance for the effect of limb-wrapping while taking other factors into account., Results: Thirty dogs were included per group. Rectal temperature did not differ between the groups at the time of intubation, but it was significantly higher in the limb-wrapping group (36.7 ± 1.0 °C) than in the control group (35.9 ± 0.8 °C) at the end of surgery (p = 0.003). The mean difference was 0.81 °C (95% confidence interval of mean difference 0.33-1.29 °C). The incidence of hypothermia (<37.0 °C) was significantly lower in the limb-wrapping group than in the control group (19/30 versus 28/30 dogs, respectively; p = 0.010)., Conclusions: For dogs with body masses <15 kg, limb-wrapping with table leg covers slowed the reduction in intraoperative rectal temperature. Limb-wrapping is inexpensive and easy to perform, making it a practical method for minimizing hypothermia during anesthesia in small dogs undergoing soft tissue surgery., Clinical Relevance: Peripheral warming with table leg covers has the potential to reduce hypothermia during soft tissue surgery in small dogs., (Copyright © 2024 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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12. Generation of human iPSC-derived 3D bile duct within liver organoid by incorporating human iPSC-derived blood vessel.
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Carolina E, Kuse Y, Okumura A, Aoshima K, Tadokoro T, Matsumoto S, Kanai E, Okumura T, Kasai T, Yamabe S, Nishikawa Y, Yamaguchi K, Furukawa Y, Tanimizu N, and Taniguchi H
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- Humans, Alagille Syndrome genetics, Alagille Syndrome metabolism, Animals, Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic cytology, Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic metabolism, Blood Vessels cytology, Blood Vessels metabolism, Mice, Receptors, Notch metabolism, Receptors, Notch genetics, Endothelial Cells metabolism, Endothelial Cells cytology, Bile Ducts cytology, Bile Ducts metabolism, Myocytes, Smooth Muscle metabolism, Myocytes, Smooth Muscle cytology, Transforming Growth Factor beta metabolism, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells cytology, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells metabolism, Organoids metabolism, Organoids cytology, Liver cytology, Liver metabolism, Liver blood supply, Coculture Techniques methods, Jagged-1 Protein metabolism, Jagged-1 Protein genetics, Cell Differentiation
- Abstract
In fetal development, tissue interaction such as the interplay between blood vessel (BV) and epithelial tissue is crucial for organogenesis. Here we recapitulate the spatial arrangement between liver epithelial tissue and the portal vein to observe the formation of intrahepatic bile ducts (BDs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC). We co-culture hiPSC-liver progenitors on the artificial BV consisting of immature smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, both derived from hiPSCs. After 3 weeks, liver progenitors within hiPSC-BV-incorporated liver organoids (BVLO) differentiate to cholangiocytes and acquire epithelial characteristics, including intercellular junctions, microvilli on the apical membrane, and secretory functions. Furthermore, liver surface transplanted-BVLO temporarily attenuates cholestatic injury symptoms. Single cell RNA sequence analysis suggests that BD interact with the BV in BVLO through TGFβ and Notch pathways. Knocking out JAG1 in hiPSC-BV significantly attenuates bile duct formation, highlighting BVLO potential as a model for Alagille syndrome, a congenital biliary disease. Overall, we develop a novel 3D co-culture method that successfully establishes functional human BDs by emulating liver epithelial-BV interaction., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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13. A canine case of Ehrlichia canis infection without a history of being in an endemic area in Japan.
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Igarashi H, Nagai N, Yamada Y, Ito T, Neo S, Goto-Koshino Y, Kanai E, Aihara N, Takagi S, Kamiie J, and Hisasue M
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- Male, Dogs, Animals, Ehrlichia canis, Japan epidemiology, Ehrlichia, Ehrlichiosis epidemiology, Ehrlichiosis veterinary, Thrombocytopenia veterinary, Neutropenia veterinary, Dog Diseases pathology
- Abstract
A mixed-breed, 8-year-old male dog developed neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and hyperglobulinemia. Bone marrow hyperplasia and splenic plasmacytosis were cytologically observed. The dog had never been outside of Tokyo or Shizuoka Prefecture. Splenectomy was performed to confirm and remove the cause of splenic plasmacytosis. A histopathological diagnosis of splenic plasmacytoma was made; however, serum protein electrophoresis showed polyclonal gammopathy. Further screening was performed, and Ehrlichia canis infection was confirmed. The dog was treated with doxycycline for 5 weeks. After the antibiotic therapy, no relapse of neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hyperglobulinemia, or positive polymerase chain reaction result of E. canis infection was observed for 3 years. Careful attention should be given to ehrlichiosis when exploring the cause of pancytopenia or hyperglobulinemia, regardless of the travel history.
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- 2024
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14. The effect of continuous glucose monitoring-guided glycemic control on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease: The OPTIMAL randomized clinical trial.
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Kataoka Y, Kitahara S, Funabashi S, Makino H, Matsubara M, Matsuo M, Omura-Ohata Y, Koezuka R, Tochiya M, Tamanaha T, Tomita T, Honda-Kohmo K, Noguchi M, Maruki M, Kanai E, Murai K, Iwai T, Sawada K, Matama H, Honda S, Fujino M, Yoneda S, Takagi K, Otsuka F, Asaumi Y, Hosoda K, Nicholls SJ, Yasuda S, and Noguchi T
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- Humans, Blood Glucose, Glycated Hemoglobin, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring methods, Prospective Studies, Glycemic Control, Hypoglycemic Agents therapeutic use, Insulin, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy, Coronary Artery Disease complications, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Hypoglycemia chemically induced, Hypoglycemia prevention & control, Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Abstract
Background: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) improves glycemic fluctuation and reduces hypoglycemic risk. Whether CGM-guided glycemic control favorably modulates coronary atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) remains unknown., Methods: The OPTIMAL trial was a prospective, randomized, single-center trial in which 94 T2DM patients with CAD were randomized to CGM- or HbA1c-guided glycemic control for 48 weeks (jRCT1052180152). The primary endpoint was the nominal change in total atheroma volume (TAV) measured by serial IVUS. The secondary efficacy measure was the nominal change in maxLCBI
4mm on near-infrared spectroscopy imaging., Results: Among the 94 randomized patients, 82 had evaluable images at 48 weeks. Compared to HbA1c-guided glycemic control, CGM-guided control achieved a greater reduction in %coefficient of variation [-0.1 % (-1.8 to 1.6) vs. -3.3 % (-5.1 to -1.5), p = 0.01] and a greater increase in the duration with glucose between 70 and 180 mg/dL [-1.5 % (-6.0 to 2.9) vs. 6.7 % (1.9 to 11.5), p = 0.02]. TAV increased by 0.11 ± 1.9 mm3 in the HbA1c-guided group and decreased by -3.29 ± 2.00 mm3 in the CGM-guided group [difference = -3.4 mm3 (95%CI: -8.9 to 2.0 mm3 ), p = 0.22]. MaxLCBI4mm , increased by 90.1 ± 25.6 in the HbA1c-guided group and by 50.6 ± 25.6 in the CGM-guided group (difference = -45.6 (95%CI: -118.1 to 26.7) p = 0.21]. A post-hoc exploratory analysis showed a greater regression of maxLCBI4mm in the CGM-guided group [difference = 20.4 % (95%CI:1.3 to 39.5 %), p = 0.03]., Conclusions: CGM-guided control for 48 weeks did not slow disease progression in T2DM patients with CAD. A greater regression of lipidic plaque under CGM-guided glycemic control in the post-hoc analysis requires further investigation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Yu Kataoka has received research support from Kowa, Nipro and Abbott, and honoraria from Nipro, Abbott, Kowa, Amgen, Sanofi, Astellas, Takeda and Daiichi-Sankyo. Stephen J. Nicholls is a recipient of a Principal Research Fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia and has received research support from AstraZeneca, Amgen, Anthera, CSL Behring, Cerenis, Eli Lilly, Esperion, Resverlogix, Novartis, InfraReDx and Sanofi-Regeneron and is a consultant for Amgen, Akcea, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, CSL Behring, Eli Lilly, Esperion, Kowa, Merck, Takeda, Pfizer, Sanofi-Regeneron and Novo Nordisk. Other authors have nothing to disclose., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2023
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15. Evaluation of the influence of the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 / C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 axis on canine mammary gland tumor cell migration.
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Kudo A, Sawahata H, Yoshimoto S, Yamauchi A, Oshita R, Kanai E, and Takagi S
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- Dogs, Animals, Female, Ligands, Cell Movement, Cell Line, Tumor, Receptors, CXCR4 metabolism, Chemokine CXCL12 metabolism
- Abstract
C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) is one of the chemokines that binds to C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) on tumor cell membranes and induces chemotaxis and/or migration. Mammary gland tumors (MGT) are the most common neoplasms in intact female dogs, with local invasion and distant metastasis regarded as problems. However, the influence of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis on canine MGT cell migration has not been elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in canine MGT cells and tissues and investigate the influence of CXCL12 protein on the migratory ability of MGT cells. CXCL12 expression was evaluated in 10 canine malignant MGT tissues. CXCL12 expression in tumor cells was identified in all examined tissues; however, the staining pattern and intensity differed between the tumors. Immunocytochemistry revealed three canine MGT cell lines as CXCR4-positive. Migratory ability was evaluated using a wound healing assay, and the migration of CXCR4-positive MGT cells was significantly activated by the addition of CXCL12 protein. This influence was canceled by pre-treatment with a CXCR4 antagonist. The results of our study suggest that the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis may be associated with the migration of canine MGT.
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- 2023
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16. Role of autopsy imaging in veterinary forensic medicine: experiences in 39 cases.
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Yamada K, Satoh K, Kanai E, and Madarame H
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- Humans, Animals, Cats, Dogs, Rabbits, Autopsy veterinary, Ferrets, Forensic Medicine, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Cat Diseases, Dog Diseases
- Abstract
While numerous scientific studies have suggested the usefulness of autopsy imaging (Ai) in the field of human forensic medicine, the use of imaging modalities for the purpose of veterinary forensics is currently scant. The current study performed Ai on suspicious dead animals requested by the police department to determine their cause of death. Radiography and/or computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging were performed on 39 suspicious dead animals before necropsy. After diagnostic imaging, pathological examination was performed, with drug testing added as needed. Among the 39 cases, 28, 6, 3, 1, and 1 involved cats, dogs, rabbits, a ferret, and a pigeon, respectively. The major Ai findings included skull and rib fractures, subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, pneumoperitoneum, diaphragmatic hernia, and abdominal rupture. The leading causes of death, determined comprehensively via Ai and pathological reports and drug test results, included traumatic impact, blood loss, poisoning, suffocation, tension pneumothorax, starvation, and drowning, all of which have been strongly suspected to indicate animal abuse by humans. All eight cases of skull fractures and all five cases of poisoning, including suspected poisoning, were of cats. As the numbers of dogs and cats in Japan are almost equal, violence against cats may occur more frequently than dogs. Ai can be a valuable examination tool for veterinary forensic cases. As computed tomography is useful for ruling out fractures that screening computed tomography before necropsy is a more practical option for veterinary forensics.
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- 2023
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17. Thoracic Wall Reconstruction with Dorsal Diaphragmatic Traction and Preservation of Diaphragmatic Attachments in a Dog with Resection of the 11-13th Ribs.
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Kanai E, Kudo A, Sato A, Yoshida H, Yamauchi A, Oshita R, and Takagi S
- Abstract
A 9-year-old, 4.7 kg, spayed female Chihuahua presented with a 3.5 cm soft tissue sarcoma on the dorsal right thoracic wall. The tumor was resected, including the 11−13th ribs, resulting in a caudal dorsal thoracic wall defect. The defect was reconstructed with direct traction of part of the diaphragm dorsally, preserving the diaphragmatic attachments to the body wall, and the diaphragm was sutured to the surrounding ribs and muscles. Possible respiratory complications, including paradoxical respiration and exercise intolerance, were not observed during the perioperative or postoperative observation periods. This novel procedure is expected to be an option for caudal thoracic wall reconstruction when the diaphragmatic attachments remain intact even after the resection of the last rib. In addition, this procedure can be performed in dogs weighing <5 kg, with small pleural cavities and without respiratory disorders.
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- 2022
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18. Positive Intrapleural Pressure with Carbon Dioxide May Limit Intraoperative Pulmonary Arterial Bleeding: Verification by Animal Model.
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Asami M, Kanai E, Yamauchi Y, Saito Y, Matsutani N, Kawamura M, and Sakao Y
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- Animals, Swine, Treatment Outcome, Hemorrhage etiology, Hemorrhage prevention & control, Models, Animal, Carbon Dioxide, Hypertension, Pulmonary
- Abstract
Purpose: Intraoperative complications, especially unexpected bleeding, are of great concern in the safety of thoracoscopic surgery. We investigated the hemostatic efficacy and safety of positive intrapleural pressure (PIP) with carbon dioxide insufflation by assessing the amount of blood loss in a pulmonary arterial hemorrhage model., Methods: An ex vivo experimental model of saline flow into a swine vessel was created in a container simulating a chest cavity. From the results, in vivo experiments (swine model) were conducted to compare the pulmonary arterial bleeding volume while applying PIP., Results: In the ex vivo experiment, regardless of the incision type, the outflow volumes did not significantly differ at flow pressures of 20, 30, and 40 mmHg. At each flow pressure, the outflow volumes at 10, 15, and 20 mmHg of positive pressure in the container were significantly smaller than those of the control (p = 0.027, p = 0.002, and p = 0.005, respectively). Similarly, the in vivo experiments showed that bleeding decreased as intrapleural pressure increased (slope = -0.22, F = 55.13, p <0.0001)., Conclusion: It may be possible to temporarily suppress pulmonary arterial bleeding by increasing the intrapleural pressure to 10 to 20 mmHg using carbon dioxide insufflation. This method may be an adjunctive hemostatic maneuver for intraoperative bleeding.
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- 2022
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19. Effects of combined one-lung ventilation and intrathoracic carbon dioxide insufflation on intrathoracic working space when performing thoracoscopy in dogs.
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Kanai E, Matsutani N, Watanabe R, Yamamoto Y, Sakai T, Misumi T, Fujii Y, and Takagi S
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- Animals, Carbon Dioxide, Dogs, Respiration, Respiration, Artificial veterinary, Thoracoscopy methods, Thoracoscopy veterinary, Insufflation veterinary, One-Lung Ventilation veterinary
- Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effects of combining one-lung ventilation and carbon dioxide insufflation (OLV-CDI) on intrathoracic working space (determined by means of CT) during thoracoscopy in dogs and investigate conditions that could safely improve working space compared with OLV alone., Animals: 6 healthy Beagles., Procedures: Dogs were anesthetized, and right- or left-sided (n = 3/side) OLV was instituted. On the blocked side, a laparoscopic trocar sleeve was placed in the ninth intercostal space for CDI. CT was performed under 3 conditions: with OLV alone, with OLV-CDI at an intrapleural pressure (IPP) of 3 mm Hg, and with OLV-CDI at an IPP of 5 mm Hg. Working space volume (WSV), ventilation space volume (VSV), and thoracic cavity volume (TCV) were determined from CT images., Results: With OLV-CDI at an IPP of 3 or 5 mm Hg, WSV and TCV were significantly increased, compared with values obtained during OLV alone. With OLV-CDI at an IPP of 5 mm Hg, VSV and Spo2 were significantly decreased, compared with values obtained during OLV alone. Additionally, contralateral pneumothorax was observed in 4 dogs at an IPP of 5 mm Hg., Clinical Relevance: Combining OLV and CDI could provide a larger working space than OLV alone, even with an IPP of 3 mm Hg, in dogs of limited size. However, an evaluation of the effects on oxygenation and cardiovascular variables is needed before clinical use.
- Published
- 2022
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20. Screening of bacterial DNA in bile sampled from healthy dogs and dogs suffering from liver- or gallbladder-associated disease.
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Neo S, Takemura-Uchiyama I, Uchiyama J, Murakami H, Shima A, Kayanuma H, Yokoyama T, Takagi S, Kanai E, and Hisasue M
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- Animals, Bacteria genetics, Dogs, Gallbladder, Liver, Bile chemistry, DNA, Bacterial isolation & purification, Dog Diseases diagnosis, Dog Diseases microbiology, Gallbladder Diseases veterinary, Liver Diseases veterinary
- Abstract
Although the biliary system is generally aseptic, gallbladder microbiota has been reported in humans and some animals apart from dogs. We screened and analyzed the bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid in canine gallbladders using bile sampled from 7 healthy dogs and 52 dogs with liver- or gallbladder-associated disease. PCR screening detected bacteria in 17.3% of diseased dogs (9/52) and none in healthy dogs. Microbiota analysis of PCR-positive samples showed that the microbial diversity differed between liver- and gallbladder-associated disease groups. Thus, a specific bacterial community appears to occur at a certain frequency in the bile of diseased dogs.
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- 2022
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21. Assessment of Nasal Structure Using CT Imaging of Brachycephalic Dog Breeds.
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Oshita R, Katayose S, Kanai E, and Takagi S
- Abstract
The response to treatment of brachycephalic airway syndrome (BAS) varies among brachycephalic dog breeds. We hypothesized that variations in nasal structure are one of the factors responsible for this difference. To confirm this variation, we measured the ratio of the airway cross-sectional area to the total nasal cavity area (AA/NC) in three brachycephalic dog breeds. Head CT images of French bulldogs, shih tzus, and pugs were retrospectively collected. Four specific transverse planes were used to calculate AA/NC ratios. Fifty brachycephalic dogs were included in the study: French bulldogs ( n = 20), shih tzus ( n = 20), and pugs ( n = 10). The AA/NC ratio of Shih Tzus was larger in the rostral nasal cavity and smaller toward the caudal area, whereas the other two breeds showed an inverse tendency. The results obtained from the current research indicate that the AA/NC ratio can be used to evaluate the structure of the nasal cavity. Moreover, analyzing the point with the smallest AA/NC ratio can be useful in quantifying nasal airway obstruction and the severity of BAS. These results will be useful in understanding the complexity of BAS pathophysiology and in the implementation of treatment.
- Published
- 2022
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22. A preliminary animal study on the prediction of nerve block success using ultrasonographic parameters.
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Chiba E, Hamamoto K, Kanai E, Oyama-Manabe N, and Omoto K
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- Anesthetics, Local, Animals, Area Under Curve, Dogs, Forecasting methods, Injections, Models, Animal, Preliminary Data, ROC Curve, Sciatic Nerve diagnostic imaging, Treatment Outcome, Nerve Block methods, Ultrasonography methods
- Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasonographic parameters as an indicator for predicting regional nerve block success. Ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block was performed in seven dogs using either 2% mepivacaine (nerve-block group) or saline (sham-block group). The cross-sectional area (CSA), nerve blood flow (NBF), and shear wave velocity (SWV) of the sciatic nerve (SWV
N ), SWV of the biceps femoris muscle (SWVM ), and their ratio (SWVNMR ) were measured at 0, 30, 60, and 90 min after the nerve block as well as the change rate of each parameter from the baseline. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the diagnostic value of each parameter in the prediction of nerve block success. No significant changes were observed in the CSA or NBF in association with the nerve block. The SWVN and SWVNMR in the nerve-block group were significantly higher than those in the sham-block group at 90 min and at 30, 60, and 90 min, respectively (p < 0.05). The change rates of SWVN and SWVNMR in the nerve-block group were significantly higher than those in the sham-block group at all time points (p < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that SWVN had a moderate diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve [AUC], 0.779), whereas SWVNMR and change rates of SWVN and SWVNMR had a high diagnostic accuracy (AUC, 0.947, 0.998, and 1.000, respectively). Ultrasonographic evaluation of the SWVN and SWVNMR could be used as indicators for predicting nerve block success., (© 2022. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2022
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23. Psychosocial characteristics of alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease recipient candidates in liver transplantation: a prospective observational study.
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Shizuku M, Kimura H, Kamei H, Kishi S, Tokura T, Kurata N, Jobara K, Yoshizawa A, Tsuboi C, Yamaguchi N, Kato M, Kawai K, Yamashiki M, Kanai E, Ishizuka K, Ozaki N, and Ogura Y
- Subjects
- Humans, Prospective Studies, Recurrence, Alcoholism, Liver Diseases, Alcoholic surgery, Liver Transplantation
- Abstract
Background: There are long-standing controversies about the transplant indications for alcoholic liver disease (ALD), because of the recognition that ALD is fundamentally self-inflicted. However, it is unclear whether psychosocial characteristics of ALD are different from that of non-alcoholic liver disease (NALD) in the selection of liver transplantation (LT) recipients. We aimed to clarify the psychosocial characteristics of ALD recipients (ALD-R)/ALD recipient candidates (ALD-RC) and NALD recipients (NALD-R)/ NALD recipient candidates (NALD-RC)., Methods: From 2011 to 2019, 75 patients were enrolled in this prospective observational study (ALD-RC, n = 19; NALD-RC, n = 56), LT were carried out as follow; ALD-R, n = 6; NALD-R, n = 52. We evaluated psychosocial characteristics in the preoperative period and 3, 12 months after LT (ALD-R, n = 3/3; NALD-R, n = 28/25). The following scales were used to evaluate psychosocial characteristics: Visual Analogue Scale, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Brief Evaluation of Medication Influences and Beliefs, Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ), Temperament and Character Inventory, Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36)., Results: When evaluating on the basis of abstinence rule, a comparison of ALD-RC and NALD-RC in the preoperative period identified similar patterns of psychosocial characteristics, except that the NALD-RC scored higher on the PBI item "overprotection from mother" (P < 0.05). The only significant difference between ALD-R and NALD-R after liver transplantation was in SSQ scores at 3 months., Conclusion: The psychosocial characteristics of ALD-RC and NALD-RC may be similar when evaluated on the basis of Japan's abstinence rule. This result also imply that the psychosocial characteristics of ALD-RC may differ from the previously reported psychosocial characteristics of alcohol dependent patients. These findings have the potential to provide helpful information for the evaluation of ALD-RC., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2021
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24. Recurrence analysis of intraoperative acridine orange-photodynamic therapy for dogs with intranasal tumors.
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Maruo T, Fukuyama Y, Nishiyama Y, Nemoto Y, Kanai E, Kawarai S, Kayanuma H, and Orito K
- Subjects
- Acridine Orange therapeutic use, Animals, Dogs, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local veterinary, Treatment Outcome, Dog Diseases drug therapy, Osteosarcoma drug therapy, Osteosarcoma veterinary, Photochemotherapy veterinary
- Abstract
Intraoperative acridine orange-photodynamic therapy (AO-PDT) and cribriform plate irradiation are used to treat canine intranasal tumors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of AO-PDT on intranasal tumors and the recurrence rate of tumors after this treatment. Treatments with AO-PDT were performed on 38 dogs through a narrow window of the dorsal nasal cavity. The median progression-free interval was 12 mo and recurrence was detected in 21 dogs. Based on computed tomography, recurrence in 16 dogs was biased to the following areas: lateral ( n = 10), medial ( n = 2), ventral ( n = 0), rostral ( n = 0), and caudal ( n = 8). Side effects were mild and included subcutaneous emphysema and rhinitis. The median survival time was 24 mo. Although AO-PDT with cribriform irradiation is an effective treatment for intranasal tumors, AO-PDT techniques should be improved to treat the nasal cavity more uniformly and thoroughly., (Copyright and/or publishing rights held by the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association.)
- Published
- 2021
25. AKT signaling is associated with epigenetic reprogramming via the upregulation of TET and its cofactor, alpha-ketoglutarate during iPSC generation.
- Author
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Sekita Y, Sugiura Y, Matsumoto A, Kawasaki Y, Akasaka K, Konno R, Shimizu M, Ito T, Sugiyama E, Yamazaki T, Kanai E, Nakamura T, Suematsu M, Ishino F, Kodera Y, Kohda T, and Kimura T
- Subjects
- Animals, Cellular Reprogramming genetics, DNA-Binding Proteins genetics, Epigenesis, Genetic, Fibroblasts metabolism, Ketoglutaric Acids, Kruppel-Like Factor 4, Mice, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt genetics, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt metabolism, Up-Regulation, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells metabolism
- Abstract
Background: Phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling participates in cellular proliferation, survival and tumorigenesis. The activation of AKT signaling promotes the cellular reprogramming including generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and dedifferentiation of primordial germ cells (PGCs). Previous studies suggested that AKT promotes reprogramming by activating proliferation and glycolysis. Here we report a line of evidence that supports the notion that AKT signaling is involved in TET-mediated DNA demethylation during iPSC induction., Methods: AKT signaling was activated in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) that were transduced with OCT4, SOX2 and KLF4. Multiomics analyses were conducted in this system to examine the effects of AKT activation on cells undergoing reprogramming., Results: We revealed that cells undergoing reprogramming with artificially activated AKT exhibit enhanced anabolic glucose metabolism and accordingly increased level of cytosolic α-ketoglutarate (αKG), which is an essential cofactor for the enzymatic activity of the 5-methylcytosine (5mC) dioxygenase TET. Additionally, the level of TET is upregulated. Consistent with the upregulation of αKG production and TET, we observed a genome-wide increase in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), which is an intermediate in DNA demethylation. Moreover, the DNA methylation level of ES-cell super-enhancers of pluripotency-related genes is significantly decreased, leading to the upregulation of associated genes. Finally, the transduction of TET and the administration of cell-permeable αKG to somatic cells synergistically enhance cell reprogramming by Yamanaka factors., Conclusion: These results suggest the possibility that the activation of AKT during somatic cell reprogramming promotes epigenetic reprogramming through the hyperactivation of TET at the transcriptional and catalytic levels., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2021
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26. Surgical treatment of an abnormally positioned right adrenal tumor on segmental caudal vena cava aplasia in two dogs.
- Author
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Takagi S, Kanai E, Morishita K, Ogawa H, and Ogawa J
- Subjects
- Animals, Dogs, Vena Cava, Inferior surgery, Adrenal Gland Neoplasms surgery, Adrenal Gland Neoplasms veterinary, Dog Diseases surgery
- Abstract
Segmental caudal vena cava (CVC) aplasia is a rare congenital vascular anomaly in dogs. Two dogs were diagnosed by CT imaging to have right adrenal tumors with concomitant segmental CVC aplasia. During surgery, a firm connection between the right adrenal gland and CVC was observed in both cases. The adrenal glands were found ventral to the CVC and the adrenal tumor was resected including the vascular wall. CVC venectomy for tumor removal will be required if the right adrenal gland is displaced in dogs with segmental CVC aplasia, even if there is no intravascular invasion.
- Published
- 2021
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27. Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived liver buds with chemically defined and animal origin-free media.
- Author
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Sekine K, Ogawa S, Tsuzuki S, Kobayashi T, Ikeda K, Nakanishi N, Takeuchi K, Kanai E, Otake Y, Okamoto S, Kobayashi T, Takebe T, and Taniguchi H
- Subjects
- Animals, Cells, Cultured, Endothelial Cells, Hepatocytes, Humans, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Cell Culture Techniques methods, Cell Differentiation, Culture Media, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells physiology, Liver cytology, Regenerative Medicine methods
- Abstract
Advances in organoid technology have broadened the number of target diseases and conditions in which human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based regenerative medicine can be applied; however, mass production of organoids and the development of chemically defined, animal origin-free (CD-AOF) media and supplements are unresolved issues that hamper the clinical applicability of these approaches. CD-AOF media and supplements ensure the quality and reproducibility of culture systems by lowering lot-to-lot variations and the risk of contamination with viruses or toxins. We previously generated liver organoids from iPSCs, namely iPSC-liver buds (iPSC-LBs), by mimicking the organogenic interactions among hepatocytes, endothelial cells (ECs), and mesenchymal cells (MCs) and recently reported the mass production of iPSC-LBs derived entirely from iPSCs (all iPSC-LBs), which should facilitate their large-scale production for the treatment of liver failure. However, in previous studies we used media originating from animals for differentiation except for the maintenance of undifferentiated iPSCs. Therefore, we developed a CD-AOF medium to generate all iPSC-LBs. We first developed a CD-AOF medium for hepatocytes, ECs, and stage-matched MCs, i.e., septum transversum mesenchyme (STM), in 2D cultures. We next generated all iPSC-LBs by incubating individual cell types in ultra-low attachment micro-dimple plates. The hepatic functions of all iPSC-LBs generated using the CD-AOF medium were equivalent to those of all iPSC-LBs generated using the conventional medium both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that this CD-AOF medium could be used in several cell culture settings. Taken together, these results demonstrate the successful development of a CD-AOF medium suitable for all iPSC-LBs. The protocol developed in this study will facilitate the clinical applicability of all iPSC-LBs in the treatment of liver diseases.
- Published
- 2020
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28. Robust detection of undifferentiated iPSC among differentiated cells.
- Author
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Sekine K, Tsuzuki S, Yasui R, Kobayashi T, Ikeda K, Hamada Y, Kanai E, Camp JG, Treutlein B, Ueno Y, Okamoto S, and Taniguchi H
- Subjects
- Biomarkers analysis, Cell Culture Techniques, Cell Line, Colony-Forming Units Assay, Humans, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells transplantation, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins analysis, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins genetics, Membrane Proteins analysis, Membrane Proteins genetics, Proteins analysis, Proteins genetics, RNA, Long Noncoding, RNA-Seq, Cell Differentiation genetics, Cell Separation methods, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells physiology, Single-Cell Analysis methods
- Abstract
Recent progress in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) technologies suggest that iPSC application in regenerative medicine is a closer reality. Numerous challenges prevent iPSC application in the development of numerous tissues and for the treatment of various diseases. A key concern in therapeutic applications is the safety of the cell products to be transplanted into patients. Here, we present novel method for detecting residual undifferentiated iPSCs amongst directed differentiated cells of all three germ lineages. Marker genes, which are expressed specifically and highly in undifferentiated iPSC, were selected from single cell RNA sequence data to perform robust and sensitive detection of residual undifferentiated cells in differentiated cell products. ESRG (Embryonic Stem Cell Related), CNMD (Chondromodulin), and SFRP2 (Secreted Frizzled Related Protein 2) were well-correlated with the actual amounts of residual undifferentiated cells and could be used to detect residual cells in a highly sensitive manner using qPCR. In addition, such markers could be used to detect residual undifferentiated cells from various differentiated cells, including hepatic cells and pancreatic cells for the endodermal lineage, endothelial cells and mesenchymal cells for the mesodermal lineage, and neural cells for the ectodermal lineage. Our method facilitates robust validation and could enhance the safety of the cell products through the exclusion of undifferentiated iPSC.
- Published
- 2020
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29. Long-term effects of pleural defect repair using sheet materials in a canine model.
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Kanai E, Matsutani N, Aso T, Yamamoto Y, and Sakai T
- Subjects
- Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Dogs, Fibrin Tissue Adhesive, Nanostructures therapeutic use, Pleura pathology, Thoracic Wall, Time Factors, Tissue Adhesions etiology, Cellulose, Oxidized therapeutic use, Pleura surgery, Polyglycolic Acid therapeutic use, Surgical Wound surgery
- Abstract
Objective: A sheet material is widely used to repair pleural defects due to its excellent pressure resistance. We examined the long-term effects of sheet materials using an animal pleural defect model., Methods: Beagles were used for this study. The 5-mm circular pleural defects were created at 2 sites on each of the anterior, medial, and posterior lobe and repaired using a 2 cm square sheet material. The frequency of adhesion of those sheets to the thoracic walls and histological changes was examined after 6 months. In this study, three types of sheet materials were examined: polyglycolic acid, nano-polyglycolic acid, and oxidized regenerated cellulose where each sheet was tested with or without coating with fibrin glue, for a total of 6 groups. Each group contained an equal number of defect sites and evaluation of 12 defect sites was conducted., Results: Adhesion was observed in 16 of 72 sites (22%). Presence or absence of adhesion was not affected by the repair method or by the type of sheet material used. However, the use of fibrin glue significantly reduced the occurrence of adhesion (p = 0.023). At the defected sites, the posterior lobe showed significantly less adhesion (p = 0.019). Histologically, the sheet materials caused a thickening of the pleural wall 6-10 times thicker than the normal pleural wall., Conclusion: No statistically significant differences regarding the presence or absence of adhesion to the thoracic wall were found among the sheet materials. The use of fibrin glue significantly reduced the adhesion to the thoracic wall.
- Published
- 2020
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30. Computed tomography of thoracic lymph nodes in 100 dogs with no abnormalities in the dominated area.
- Author
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Kayanuma H, Yamada K, Maruo T, and Kanai E
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Lymph Nodes anatomy & histology, Male, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods, Dogs anatomy & histology, Lymph Nodes diagnostic imaging, Thorax diagnostic imaging, Tomography, X-Ray Computed veterinary
- Abstract
In dogs, reports on thoracic lymph nodes are lacking compared to abdominal lymph nodes. This report analyzed the position, number, size, shape, and homogeneity of thoracic lymph nodes (cranial sternal, cranial mediastinal, tracheobronchial, aortic thoracic, and pulmonary lymph nodes) using thoracic computed tomography (CT) images of 100 dogs without any lesions in the dominated areas of thoracic lymph nodes. The position and number of intrathoracic lymph nodes could be observed in CT, consistent with macroscopic anatomical studies. It was difficult to set a clinical index associated with size using CT scans. Image findings that indicated abnormalities, such as circular shapes and non-uniform, may be routinely found in dogs and may not be considered abnormal on CT scans.
- Published
- 2020
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31. Video-assisted thoracic surgery anatomical lobectomy for a primary lung tumor in a dog.
- Author
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Kanai E, Matsutani N, Hanawa R, and Takagi S
- Subjects
- Adenocarcinoma surgery, Adenocarcinoma veterinary, Animals, Dogs surgery, Female, Lung Neoplasms surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures methods, Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures veterinary, Pneumonectomy methods, Thoracotomy methods, Thoracotomy veterinary, Lung Neoplasms veterinary, Pneumonectomy veterinary, Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted veterinary
- Abstract
A female Bernese Mountain Dog was diagnosed with a right middle lung lobe mass. The dog was positioned in a left lateral recumbency and one-lung ventilation was used under general anesthesia. Video-assisted thoracic surgery anatomical lobectomy was performed with 4 cm small thoracotomy and two 6-mm ports. Pulmonary vessels and bronchus were dissected and isolated individually at the hilum of the right middle lung lobe. Pulmonary vessels were ligated and were coagulated and transected using a vessel sealing device. The bronchus was ligated and transected. The mass in the right middle lung lobe was removed with a clean margin and without complications. Video-assisted thoracic surgery anatomical lobectomy was used to successfully remove a primary lung tumor in a dog.
- Published
- 2019
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32. Feasibility of complete surgical ligation on 72 dogs with singular extrahepatic congenital portosystemic shunt based on portal pressure and comparison of intraoperative mesenteric portovenography.
- Author
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Kayanuma H, Koyama R, and Kanai E
- Subjects
- Animals, Dogs surgery, Feasibility Studies, Female, Male, Phlebography veterinary, Portal Vein diagnostic imaging, Portal Vein surgery, Retrospective Studies, Vascular Fistula diagnostic imaging, Vascular Fistula surgery, Vascular Malformations diagnostic imaging, Vascular Malformations surgery, Dogs abnormalities, Portal Pressure, Portal Vein abnormalities, Vascular Fistula veterinary, Vascular Malformations veterinary
- Abstract
The relation between complete or partial ligation of extrahepatic portosystemic shunting and intraoperative mesenteric portovenography (IMP) was evaluated in 72 canines. Of the 72 dogs, 55 had complete ligation and 17 underwent partial ligation of abnormal vessels. IMP allowed evaluation of the number of intrahepatic portal branches and ratio of the diameter of cranial (CrPV) and caudal main portal vein (CaPV) at the shunt location. Nearly all cases in the complete ligation group and nearly half of the cases in the partial ligation group had three or more portal vein branches. CrPV/CaPV was 0.75 ± 0.24 in the complete ligation group and 0.29 ± 0.15 in the partial ligation group. CrPV/CaPV can be an effective new method for assessing IMP.
- Published
- 2019
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33. Sulfasalazine, an inhibitor of the cystine-glutamate antiporter, reduces DNA damage repair and enhances radiosensitivity in murine B16F10 melanoma.
- Author
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Nagane M, Kanai E, Shibata Y, Shimizu T, Yoshioka C, Maruo T, and Yamashita T
- Subjects
- Animals, Antiporters metabolism, Cell Cycle, Cell Survival, Comet Assay, Cystine metabolism, DNA Repair, Female, Fibroblasts metabolism, Glutamic Acid metabolism, Hydrogen Peroxide metabolism, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Oxidative Stress, RNA Interference, RNA, Small Interfering metabolism, Radiation Tolerance, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, X-Rays, DNA Damage drug effects, Melanoma, Experimental drug therapy, Melanoma, Experimental radiotherapy, Sulfasalazine pharmacology
- Abstract
The sodium-independent cystine-glutamate antiporter plays an important role in extracellular cystine uptake. It comprises the transmembrane protein, xCT and its chaperone, CD98. Because glutathione is only weakly cell membrane permeable, cellular uptake of its precursor, cystine, is known to be a key step in glutathione synthesis. Moreover, it has been reported that xCT expression affects the progression of tumors and their resistance to therapy. Sulfasalazine is an inhibitor of xCT that is known to increase cellular oxidative stress, giving it anti-tumor potential. Here, we describe a radio-sensitizing effect of sulfasalazine using a B16F10 melanoma model. Sulfasalazine decreased glutathione concentrations and resistance to H2O2 in B16F10 melanoma cells, but not in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. It synergistically enhanced the cyto-killing effect of X-irradiation in B16F10 cells. It inhibited cellular DNA damage repair and prolonged cell cycle arrest after X-irradiation. Furthermore, in an in vivo transplanted melanoma model, sulfasalazine decreased intratumoral glutathione content, leading to enhanced susceptibility to radiation therapy. These results suggest the possibility of using SAS to augment the treatment of radio-resistant cancers.
- Published
- 2018
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34. Efficacy of a sheet combined with fibrin glue in repair of pleural defect at the early phase after lung surgery in a canine model.
- Author
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Sakai T, Matsutani N, Kanai E, Yamauchi Y, Uehara H, Iinuma H, and Kawamura M
- Subjects
- Animals, Dogs, Female, Pneumonectomy, Pneumoperitoneum prevention & control, Treatment Outcome, Wound Closure Techniques, Biological Dressings, Disease Models, Animal, Fibrin Tissue Adhesive therapeutic use, Pleura injuries, Polyglycolic Acid, Pulmonary Emphysema surgery, Tissue Adhesives therapeutic use
- Abstract
Objective: Polyglycolic acid and oxidized regenerated cellulose have been widely used as a sealant for repairing pulmonary air leakage during respiratory surgery. However, fundamental research of these materials has not been sufficiently conducted. Therefore, we conducted studies to assess the pressure resistance ability of these materials using a canine visceral pleural defect model at the early phase., Method: The 6-mm circular defect and the 12-mm square defect were created on the visceral pleura of anesthetized beagles. These defects were then repaired using one of four methods: method A using polyglycolic acid and fibrin glue; method B using oxidized regenerated cellulose and fibrin glue; method C using oxidized regenerated cellulose; method D using fibrin glue. Airway pressure was measured as bursting pressure when air leakage from the repaired areas occurred at 5 min, 3 h, and 24 h after repair., Results: For the 6-mm circle defect, method A showed higher bursting pressures than the other methods at 5 min and 3 h (p < 0.05); method B showed higher than methods C and D at 5 min and 3 h (p < 0.05). For the 12-mm square defect, method A showed higher bursting pressures than the other methods at all time points (p < 0.05). Moreover, method B showed higher than method C at 24 h (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: Visceral pleural repairs using polyglycolic acid combined with fibrin glue showed the highest bursting pressure. Oxidized regenerated cellulose combined with fibrin glue showed sufficiently high bursting pressure in repair of small 6-mm circular defects.
- Published
- 2018
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35. Transrectal guidance of the ovaries reduces operative time during bovine laparoscopic ovariectomy.
- Author
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Sato R, Kanai E, Kitahara G, Noguchi M, Kawai K, Shinozuka Y, Tsukamoto A, Ochiai H, Onda K, and Steiner A
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Laparoscopy methods, Operative Time, Ovariectomy methods, Rectum anatomy & histology, Video-Assisted Surgery methods, Video-Assisted Surgery veterinary, Cattle surgery, Laparoscopy veterinary, Ovariectomy veterinary
- Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of transrectal guidance of the ovaries by an assistant on operative time during bovine laparoscopic ovariectomy. Twenty four clinically healthy Holstein dairy cows were divided randomly into two groups. In the transrectal guidance group, an assistant grasped the ovaries via the transrectal route and pulled them to a position where they could be visualized with a camera. On the other hand, the control group was operated without guidance. The time required to remove both ovaries in the guidance group was shorter than that in the control group (P<0.01). We concluded that laparoscopic ovariectomy with transrectal guidance of the ovaries can substantially shorten operative time, thereby greatly contributing to animal welfare and to reducing the burden on the operator.
- Published
- 2017
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36. Pharmacological properties of various anesthetic protocols in 10-day-old neonatal rats.
- Author
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Tsukamoto A, Konishi Y, Kawakami T, Koibuchi C, Sato R, Kanai E, and Inomata T
- Subjects
- Anesthesia mortality, Anesthetics, Combined pharmacology, Animals, Butorphanol administration & dosage, Butorphanol adverse effects, Butorphanol pharmacology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Hypothermia chemically induced, Hypothermia mortality, Isoflurane administration & dosage, Isoflurane adverse effects, Isoflurane pharmacology, Ketamine administration & dosage, Ketamine adverse effects, Ketamine pharmacology, Medetomidine administration & dosage, Medetomidine adverse effects, Medetomidine pharmacology, Methyl Ethers administration & dosage, Methyl Ethers adverse effects, Methyl Ethers pharmacology, Midazolam administration & dosage, Midazolam adverse effects, Midazolam pharmacology, Pregnancy, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Respiratory Insufficiency chemically induced, Respiratory Insufficiency mortality, Sevoflurane, Xylazine administration & dosage, Xylazine adverse effects, Xylazine pharmacology, Anesthesia methods, Anesthetics, Combined administration & dosage, Anesthetics, Combined adverse effects, Animals, Newborn
- Abstract
In general, the anesthesia in neonates involves high risk. Although hypothermic anesthesia is recommended in rats up to the age of 7 days, neonatal anesthesia for later periods has not been standardized. The present study investigated the pharmacological properties of conventional anesthetic protocols in 10-day-old SD rats. The rats were anesthetized with four anesthetics: a combination of ketamine and xylazine (K/X); a combination of medetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol (M/M/B); isoflurane; and sevoflurane. Anesthetic depth was scored by reflex response to noxious stimuli. Induction and recovery times were recorded. Vital signs and mortality rate were evaluated for safety assessment. All rats died after administration of K/X at a dose of 60/6 mg/kg, whereas K/X at 40/4 mg/kg resulted in insufficient anesthetic depth, indicating inappropriate for neonatal anesthesia. Although M/M/B at the adult rat dose (0.15/2/2.5 mg/kg) did not provide surgical anesthetic depth, the mouse dose (0.3/4/5 mg/kg) showed sufficient anesthetic depth with relatively stable vital signs. Isoflurane required a long induction period, and caused remarkable respiratory depression and hypothermia, resulted in a 25% mortality rate. In contrast, sevoflurane provided consistent surgical anesthetic depth with rapid induction. Although respiratory rate decrease was markedly observed, all rats survived. Among the anesthetic protocols investigated in the present study, sevoflurane and M/M/B at the mouse dose were recommended for the neonatal anesthesia. Compared with adult rats, the required dose of both anesthetics in neonates was higher, possibly associated with their lower anesthetic sensitivity.
- Published
- 2017
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37. A nasal osteoma with an acute course in a Japanese Black heifer.
- Author
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Sato R, Une Y, Madarame H, Hanami H, Kanai E, Murakami H, Tsukamoto A, Suzuki T, Ochiai H, Kikuchi M, Tanaka H, and Onda K
- Subjects
- Animals, Bone Neoplasms diagnosis, Bone Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Bone Neoplasms pathology, Cattle, Cattle Diseases diagnosis, Cattle Diseases diagnostic imaging, Female, Osteoma diagnosis, Osteoma diagnostic imaging, Osteoma pathology, Tomography, X-Ray Computed veterinary, Bone Neoplasms veterinary, Cattle Diseases pathology, Nasal Bone diagnostic imaging, Nasal Bone pathology, Osteoma veterinary
- Abstract
A 14-month-old Japanese Black heifer presented with unilateral epistaxis and mild swelling of the right face. Radiography revealed a mass with increased radiopacity on the right side of the nasal bridge, extending to the left side. Intranasal endoscopy confirmed a large tumor-like structure protruding into the nasal cavity. Following euthanasia, cranial computed tomography (CT) was performed, revealing a tumor 24.3 × 17.5 × 14.8 cm in size. The tumor occupied the entire right nasal cavity and the frontal and sphenoid sinuses. Histopathological examination revealed that the tumor consisted of well-differentiated trabecular bones and loose connective tissue. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of osteoma was established. This report describes a case of osteoma with an acute course in a Japanese Black heifer.
- Published
- 2017
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38. Pericardial Conduit for Pulmonary Artery Reconstruction by Surgical Stapling.
- Author
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Matsutani N, Kanai E, Hanawa R, Takahashi Y, Uehara H, Iinuma H, and Kawamura M
- Subjects
- Humans, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Transplants, Lung Neoplasms surgery, Pericardium transplantation, Pneumonectomy methods, Pulmonary Artery surgery, Plastic Surgery Procedures methods, Surgical Stapling adverse effects
- Abstract
Pulmonary artery reconstruction in lung cancer surgery is an effective surgical method to avoid pneumonectomy that leads to longer survival times with few adverse effects. The pericardium is often used for the interposition of a prosthetic conduit. A pericardial conduit can be easily and precisely constructed by surgical stapling, which facilitates pulmonary artery reconstruction. In this report, the process and pitfalls of surgical stapling are described., (Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Combining isoflurane anesthesia with midazolam and butorphanol in rats.
- Author
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Tsukamoto A, Uchida K, Maesato S, Sato R, Kanai E, and Inomata T
- Subjects
- Anesthesia Recovery Period, Animals, Male, Respiratory Rate drug effects, Surgical Procedures, Operative veterinary, Anesthesia methods, Anesthesia veterinary, Anesthetics, Combined administration & dosage, Anesthetics, Combined adverse effects, Butorphanol administration & dosage, Butorphanol adverse effects, Idazoxan administration & dosage, Idazoxan adverse effects, Isoflurane administration & dosage, Isoflurane adverse effects, Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Abstract
Representative inhalant anesthetic agent, isoflurane is commonly used during surgery in rats. However, isoflurane mediates relatively strong respiratory depression. In human and veterinary medicine, sedatives and analgesics are co-administered to complement the anesthetic action of inhalant anesthesia. The present study aimed to establish the novel balanced anesthesia that combines midazolam and butorphanol with isoflurane (MBI) in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups, and administered either isoflurane monoanesthesia or isoflurane with midazolam (2.5 mg/kg, ip) and butorphanol (2.0 mg/kg, ip). The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) in each group was evaluated. Induction and recovery times were measured in each group. Adverse reactions during induction were also recorded. In each group, vital signs were assessed for 1 h under 1.5×MAC of isoflurane. Instability of vital signs was assessed under each anesthesia by calculating coefficient of variance. Compared with isoflurane monoanesthesia, MBI anesthesia caused 32% MAC reduction (isoflurane monoanesthesia: 1.30 ± 0.09%, MBI 0.87 ± 0.08%, P<0.05). MB premedication mediated smooth sedating action with low incidence of adverse reactions such as urination and defecation. Isoflurane monoanesthsesia remarkably decreased respiratory rate and saturation O2 (SPO2). In contrast, MBI anesthesia resulted in a relatively stable respiratory rate without decreases in SPO2 during the anesthetic period. In summary, MB premedication is effective for attenuating respiratory depression induced by isoflurane, and achieving smooth induction. This anesthetic protocol serves as a novel option for appropriate anesthesia in rats.
- Published
- 2016
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40. Ultrasonographic evaluation of depth-width ratio (D/W) of benign and malignant mammary tumors in dogs.
- Author
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Tagawa M, Kanai E, Shimbo G, Kano M, and Kayanuma H
- Subjects
- Animals, Dog Diseases pathology, Dogs, Female, Mammary Neoplasms, Animal pathology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Dog Diseases diagnostic imaging, Mammary Neoplasms, Animal diagnostic imaging, Ultrasonography, Mammary veterinary
- Abstract
Depth-width ratio (D/W) is the only quantitative item in the criteria recommended by the Japanese Ultrasound Society for the evaluation of breast tumors in humans. However, the usefulness of the D/W has not been evaluated in dogs. Eighty-six mammary masses in 34 female dogs underwent ultrasonographic examination to determine the D/W and other characteristics. Results of ultrasonographic and histopathologic examinations were compared. The D/W of malignant tumors was significantly greater than that of benign tumors, and it had a sensitivity of 56.3% and a specificity of 92.9% for the diagnosis of malignancy when the threshold of D/W was 0.7. In addition, irregular margin, polymorphous shape and heterogeneous internal echographic characteristics were correlated with malignancy.
- Published
- 2016
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41. Dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction secondary to hypovolemia in a German Shepard dog with splenic hemangiosarcoma.
- Author
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Aoki T, Sunahara H, Sugimoto K, Ito T, Kanai E, Neo S, Fujii Y, and Wakao Y
- Subjects
- Animals, Dog Diseases pathology, Dog Diseases physiopathology, Dogs, Echocardiography veterinary, Female, Hemangiosarcoma diagnosis, Hemangiosarcoma pathology, Hypovolemia complications, Hypovolemia diagnosis, Hypovolemia physiopathology, Splenic Neoplasms diagnosis, Splenic Neoplasms pathology, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left diagnosis, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left etiology, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left physiopathology, Dog Diseases diagnosis, Hemangiosarcoma veterinary, Hypovolemia veterinary, Splenic Neoplasms veterinary, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left veterinary
- Abstract
Dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (DLVOTO) is a common condition in cats and humans. In this case report, a dog is described with DLVOTO secondary to severe intra-abdominal hemorrhage caused by a hemangiosarcoma. The dog was a 9-year-old, 35.7-kg, spayed female German Shepard dog that presented with a history of tachypnea and collapse. A Levine II/VI systolic murmur was present at the heart base. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a splenic mass and a large amount of ascites. Echocardiography showed a reduced left ventricular diameter and an increased aortic velocity caused by systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve apparatus. The heart murmur and the SAM were resolved after treatment including a splenectomy and a blood transfusion.
- Published
- 2015
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42. Diode laser coagulation for the treatment of epistaxis in a Scottish fold cat.
- Author
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Aoki T, Madarame H, Sugimoto K, Sunahara H, Fujii Y, Kanai E, and Ito T
- Subjects
- Animals, Cats, Epistaxis therapy, Laser Therapy methods, Male, Cat Diseases therapy, Epistaxis veterinary, Laser Therapy veterinary, Lasers, Semiconductor therapeutic use
- Abstract
We report the case of a 4-year-old, castrated 4.2-kg Scottish fold cat with recurrent epistaxis that was unresponsive to medical therapy. Diathermocoagulation of the nasal mucosa with a diode laser controlled the epistaxis and there was no significant recurrence of epistaxis during 1 year of follow-up.
- Published
- 2015
43. Suspected panosteitis in a crossbred calf.
- Author
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Sato R, Ito T, Suganuma T, Une Y, Kudo T, Kayanuma H, Kanai E, Suzuki T, Ochiai H, Enomoto N, Itoh S, Onda K, and Wada Y
- Subjects
- Animals, Biopsy, Cattle, Male, Osteitis pathology, Cattle Diseases pathology, Osteitis veterinary
- Abstract
A male crossbred calf developed a limp and pain upon deep pressure on the right hind limb and the right forelimb. The radiographic findings of affected limbs and pathological findings of bone biopsy were similar to those observed in canine panosteitis. This is the first case of suspected panosteitis reported in cattle.
- Published
- 2015
44. Re-appraisal of the phylogeny and fluorescence in situ hybridization probes for the analysis of the Competibacteraceae in wastewater treatment systems.
- Author
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McIlroy SJ, Nittami T, Kanai E, Fukuda J, Saunders AM, and Nielsen PH
- Subjects
- Cluster Analysis, DNA, Bacterial chemistry, DNA, Bacterial genetics, DNA, Ribosomal chemistry, DNA, Ribosomal genetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Gammaproteobacteria classification, Gammaproteobacteria isolation & purification, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence methods, Oligonucleotide Probes genetics, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Wastewater microbiology
- Abstract
Members of the family Competibacteraceae are common in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) designed for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) and are putatively deleterious to the process of P removal. Their ability to accumulate large amounts of polyhydroxyalkanoates is also suggested to be of potential commercial interest for bioplastic production. In this study we have updated the 16S rRNA-based phylogeny of the Competibacter and the Plasticicumulans lineages. The former is delineated by 13 clades including two described genera; 'Ca. Competibacter' and 'Ca. Contendobacter'. The oligonucleotide probes used for detection of the family by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were re-evaluated and designed for coverage of these clades. Surveys of full-scale WWTPs based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and FISH analysis indicate that a number of member clades always coexist, with their relative abundances varying substantially between and temporally within plants. The hypothesis that these differences are based on niche partitioning is supported by marked phenotypic differences between clades. An in-depth understanding of the ecology of the family requires further studies of the metabolism of individual clades in situ. The proposed phylogeny and FISH probes will provide the foundation for such studies., (© 2014 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2015
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45. Peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis in three cats.
- Author
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Aoki T, Sunahara H, Sugimoto K, Ito T, Kanai E, and Fujii Y
- Subjects
- Animals, Cats, Constriction, Pathologic congenital, Constriction, Pathologic pathology, Female, Male, Cat Diseases pathology, Constriction, Pathologic veterinary, Pulmonary Artery pathology
- Abstract
Case 1 involved a 4-month-old intact male Somali cat in which peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis (PPS) was recognized after a cardiac murmur remained following patent ductus arteriosus ligation. Case 2, which involved a 1-year-old neutered male Norwegian Forest cat, and Case 3, which involved a 6-month-old intact female American Curl cat, were referred, because of cardiac murmurs. Grades III to IV/VI systolic heart murmurs were auscultated at the left heart base in all 3 cats. All cases showed bilateral pulmonary artery stenosis, although there were no associated clinical signs. In Cases 1 and 2, the pressure gradient through the stenosis decreased after treatment with atenolol.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Infective endocarditis of the aortic valve in a Border collie dog with patent ductus arteriosus.
- Author
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Aoki T, Sunahara H, Sugimoto K, Ito T, Kanai E, and Fujii Y
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Bacillus subtilis isolation & purification, Corynebacterium isolation & purification, Corynebacterium Infections drug therapy, Corynebacterium Infections microbiology, Corynebacterium Infections veterinary, Dog Diseases etiology, Dog Diseases microbiology, Dogs, Ductus Arteriosus, Patent complications, Ductus Arteriosus, Patent surgery, Endocarditis, Bacterial complications, Endocarditis, Bacterial drug therapy, Endocarditis, Bacterial microbiology, Female, Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections drug therapy, Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections microbiology, Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections veterinary, Dog Diseases pathology, Ductus Arteriosus, Patent veterinary, Endocarditis, Bacterial veterinary
- Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) in dogs with cardiac shunts has not been reported previously. However, we encountered a dog with concurrent patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and IE. The dog was a 1-year-old, 13.9-kg female Border collie and presented with anorexia, weight loss, pyrexia (40.4 °C) and lameness. A continuous murmur with maximal intensity over the left heart base (Levine 5/6) was detected on auscultation. Echocardiography revealed a PDA and severe aortic stenosis (AS) caused by aortic-valve vegetative lesions. Corynebacterium spp. and Bacillus subtilis were isolated from blood cultures. The dog responded to aggressive antibiotic therapy, and the PDA was subsequently surgically corrected. After a series of treatments, the dog showed long-term improvement in clinical status.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection in 2 Miniature Schnauzers.
- Author
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Fujii Y, Ishikawa T, Sunahara H, Sugimoto K, Kanai E, Kayanuma H, Mishina M, and Aoki T
- Subjects
- Animals, Echocardiography veterinary, Female, Heart Atria abnormalities, Heart Atria diagnostic imaging, Pulmonary Veins diagnostic imaging, Tomography, X-Ray Computed veterinary, Dogs abnormalities, Pulmonary Veins abnormalities
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Care managers' views on death and caring for older cancer patients in Japan.
- Author
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Matsui M, Kanai E, Kitagawa A, and Hattori K
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Empathy, Female, Hospice Care, Humans, Japan, Male, Middle Aged, Nurse Administrators psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Attitude of Health Personnel, Attitude to Death, Home Care Services, Medical Staff psychology, Neoplasms nursing, Palliative Care psychology, Terminal Care psychology
- Abstract
Care managers (CMs) have an important role in coordinating care for cancer patients who are in the end-of-life stage; however, little is known about their views of death and their experiences while caring for older cancer patients. This study was conducted to examine CMs' views of death and caring for older cancer patients in a home care setting in Japan. Convenience sampling was undertaken, and 35 offices from 43 approached services agreed to participate. The final valid sample included responses from 136 CMs (90.7%). Most CMs, including nurses, care workers, home helpers, and social workers in home care settings, experienced difficulty in managing the care of cancer patients in the end-of-life stage. Respondents reported a wide array of experiences with end-of-life care, care management, and seminar attendance, and their ages and Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying (FATCOD) scores were associated factors. Moreover, multiple regression analysis indicated that better attitudes toward caring for the dying were positively associated with seminar attendance. These results suggest that CMs need education about palliative and end-of-life care in order to promote good home care for cancer patients.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Neural effects of prolonged mental fatigue: a magnetoencephalography study.
- Author
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Ishii A, Tanaka M, Shigihara Y, Kanai E, Funakura M, and Watanabe Y
- Subjects
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Biological Clocks physiology, Electrocardiography, Heart Rate physiology, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Pain Measurement, Single-Blind Method, Time Factors, Magnetoencephalography, Mental Fatigue pathology, Visual Cortex physiopathology
- Abstract
Mental fatigue, manifest as a reduced efficiency for mental work load, is prevalent in modern society. It is important to understand the neural mechanisms of mental fatigue and to develop appropriate methods for evaluating mental fatigue. In this study we quantified the effect of a long-duration mental fatigue-inducing task on neural activity. We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to examine the time course change of neural activity over the long duration of the task trials. Nine healthy male volunteers participated in this study. They performed two mental fatigue-inducing tasks on separate days. The order of task presentation was randomized in a single-blinded, crossover fashion. Each task consisted of 25-min mental fatigue-inducing 0- or 2-back task session for three times. Subjective rating of mental fatigue sensation and electrocardiogram, and resting state MEG measurements were performed just before and after each task session. MEG data were analyzed using narrow-band adaptive spatial filtering methods. Alpha band (8-13 Hz) power in the visual cortex decreased after performing the mental fatigue-inducing tasks, and the decrease of alpha power was greater when they performed 2-back task trials. The decrease in alpha power was positively associated with the self-reported level of mental fatigue sensation and sympathetic nerve activity level. These results demonstrate that performing the prolonged mental fatigue-inducing task causes overactivation of the visual cortex, manifest as decreased alpha power in this brain region. Our results increase understanding of the neural mechanisms of mental fatigue and can be used to develop new quantitative methods to assess mental fatigue., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Two types of mental fatigue affect spontaneous oscillatory brain activities in different ways.
- Author
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Shigihara Y, Tanaka M, Ishii A, Kanai E, Funakura M, and Watanabe Y
- Subjects
- Adult, Alpha Rhythm physiology, Beta Rhythm physiology, Cerebral Cortex physiopathology, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Electroencephalography, Functional Laterality physiology, Humans, Male, Psychomotor Performance physiology, Brain physiopathology, Magnetoencephalography, Mental Fatigue physiopathology
- Abstract
Background: Fatigue has a multi-factorial nature. We examined the effects of two types of mental fatigue on spontaneous oscillatory brain activity using magnetoencephalography (MEG)., Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to two groups in a single-blinded, crossover fashion to perform two types of mental fatigue-inducing experiments. Each experiment consisted of a 30-min fatigue-inducing 0- or 2-back test session and two evaluation sessions performed just before and after the fatigue-inducing mental task session., Results: After the 0-back test, decreased alpha power was indicated in the right angular gyrus and increased levels in the left middle and superior temporal gyrus, left postcentral gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, and right medial frontal gyrus. After the 2-back test, decreased alpha power was indicated in the right middle and superior frontal gyrus and increased levels in the left inferior parietal and superior parietal lobules, right parahippocampal gyrus, right uncus, left postcentral gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, and right inferior frontal gyrus. For beta power, increased power following the 0-back test was indicated in the left middle temporal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, left cingulate gyrus, and left precentral gyrus. After the 2-back test, decreased power was suggested in the left superior frontal gyrus and increased levels in the left middle temporal gyrus and left inferior parietal lobule. Some of these brain regions might be associated with task performance during the fatigue-inducing trials., Conclusions: Two types of mental fatigue may produce different alterations of the spontaneous oscillatory MEG activities. Our findings would provide new perspectives on the neural mechanisms underlying mental fatigue.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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