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1. Blastocyst formation, embryo transfer and breed comparison in the first reported large scale cloning of camels

Author

P. O. Olsson, A. H. Tinson, N. Al Shamsi, K. S. Kuhad, R. Singh, Y. B. Son, Y. Jeong, Y. W. Jeong, L. Cai, K. Sakaguchi, S. Kim, E. J. Choi, X. Yu, and W. S. Hwang

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Cloning, through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), has the potential for a large expansion of genetically favorable traits in a population in a relatively short term. In the present study we aimed to produce multiple cloned camels from racing, show and dairy exemplars. We compared several parameters including oocyte source, donor cell and breed differences, transfer methods, embryo formation and pregnancy rates and maintenance following SCNT. We successfully achieved 47 pregnancies, 28 births and 19 cloned offspring who are at present healthy and have developed normally. Here we report cloned camels from surgical embryo transfer and correlate blastocyst formation rates with the ability to achieve pregnancies. We found no difference in the parameters affecting production of clones by camel breed, and show clear differences on oocyte source in cloning outcomes. Taken together we demonstrate that large scale cloning of camels is possible and that further improvements can be achieved.

Published
2021
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2. Magnetic field generation in a jet-sheath plasma via the kinetic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability

Author

K.-I. Nishikawa, P. Hardee, B. Zhang, I. Duţan, M. Medvedev, E. J. Choi, K. W. Min, J. Niemiec, Y. Mizuno, A. Nordlund, J. T. Frederiksen, H. Sol, M. Pohl, and D. H. Hartmann

Subjects
Science, Physics, QC1-999, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract

We have investigated the generation of magnetic fields associated with velocity shear between an unmagnetized relativistic jet and an unmagnetized sheath plasma. We have examined the strong magnetic fields generated by kinetic shear (Kelvin–Helmholtz) instabilities. Compared to the previous studies using counter-streaming performed by Alves et al. (2012), the structure of the kinetic Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KKHI) of our jet-sheath configuration is slightly different, even for the global evolution of the strong transverse magnetic field. In our simulations the major components of growing modes are the electric field Ez, perpendicular to the flow boundary, and the magnetic field By, transverse to the flow direction. After the By component is excited, an induced electric field Ex, parallel to the flow direction, becomes significant. However, other field components remain small. We find that the structure and growth rate of KKHI with mass ratios mi/me = 1836 and mi/me = 20 are similar. In our simulations saturation in the nonlinear stage is not as clear as in counter-streaming cases. The growth rate for a mildly-relativistic jet case (γj = 1.5) is larger than for a relativistic jet case (γj = 15).

Published
2013
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5. Population-based, three-dimensional analysis of age- and sex-related femur shaft geometry differences

Author

E. J. Choi, In-Hye Jung, B. G. Lee, and Ji Wan Kim

Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Femur fracture, Medullary cavity, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, FEMUR SHAFT, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Geometry, musculoskeletal system, Skeletonization, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Orthopedic surgery, Insufficiency fracture, Medicine, Femur, Femoral bowing, 030101 anatomy & morphology, business
Abstract

This study deals with differences of femoral geometric focus on the bowing and width. Analysis using three-dimensional skeletonization showed increase of femoral bowing and femur width over life (more in women), and widening of the medullary canal only in women after 50 years old, not in men. The changes in femur geometry that occur with aging and lead to fragility or insufficiency fracture remain unclear. The role of the lower limb geometry, including the femur and femoral bowing, has become a point of discussion, especially in atypical femur fracture. This study aimed to analyze femur shaft geometry using three-dimensional skeletonization. We acquired computed tomography images of both femurs obtained. A total of 1400 age- and sex-stratified participants were enrolled and were divided into subgroups according to age (by decade) and sex. The computed tomography images were used to produce 3-dimensional samplings of anatomical elements of the human femur using reconstruction and parametrization from these datasets. The process of skeletonization was conducted to obtain compact representation of the femur. With the skeletonization, we were able to compare all parameters according to age and sex. The femur length was 424.4 ± 28.6 mm and was longer in men (P

Published
2021

8. Population-based, three-dimensional analysis of age- and sex-related femur shaft geometry differences

Author

I J, Jung, E J, Choi, B G, Lee, and J W, Kim

Subjects
Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Male, Aging, Sex Characteristics, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Humans, Female, Diaphyses, Femur, Aged
Abstract

This study deals with differences of femoral geometric focus on the bowing and width. Analysis using three-dimensional skeletonization showed increase of femoral bowing and femur width over life (more in women), and widening of the medullary canal only in women after 50 years old, not in men.The changes in femur geometry that occur with aging and lead to fragility or insufficiency fracture remain unclear. The role of the lower limb geometry, including the femur and femoral bowing, has become a point of discussion, especially in atypical femur fracture. This study aimed to analyze femur shaft geometry using three-dimensional skeletonization.We acquired computed tomography images of both femurs obtained. A total of 1400 age- and sex-stratified participants were enrolled and were divided into subgroups according to age (by decade) and sex. The computed tomography images were used to produce 3-dimensional samplings of anatomical elements of the human femur using reconstruction and parametrization from these datasets. The process of skeletonization was conducted to obtain compact representation of the femur. With the skeletonization, we were able to compare all parameters according to age and sex.The femur length was 424.4 ± 28.6 mm and was longer in men (P 0.001). The minimum diameter of the medullary canal was 8.9 ± 2.0 mm. The radius of curvature (ROC) was 906.9 ± 193.3 mm. Men had a larger femur length, femur outer diameter, and the narrowest medullary diameter (P 0.001, respectively). Women had significantly smaller ROC (P 0.001). ROC decreased by 19.4% in men and 23.6% in women between the ages of 20 to 89 years. Femur width increased over life by 11.4% in men and 24.5% in women. Between the ages of 50 and 89 years, the medullary canal appears to have increased by 32.7% in women.This geometry analysis demonstrated that femoral bowing and femoral width increased related to aging, and that the medullary canal widened after the age of 50 years in women. This cross-sectional study revealed important age- and sex-related differences in femur shaft geometry that occur with aging.

Published
2020

9. Demetylation of the sex-determining region Y gene promoter and incidence of disorder of sex development in cloned dog males

Author

K C, Hwang, Y K, Choi, Y I, Jeong, K B, Park, E J, Choi, Y W, Jeong, M S, Hossein, S H, Hyun, E-B, Jeung, and W S, Hwang

Subjects
Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XY, Male, Nuclear Transfer Techniques, DNA Methylation, Sex Determination Processes, Decitabine, Sex-Determining Region Y Protein, Dogs, Phenotype, Animals, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Dog Diseases, Cloning, Molecular, Enzyme Inhibitors, Promoter Regions, Genetic, DNA Modification Methylases
Abstract

Canine cloning is occasionally accompanied by abnormal sexual development. Some male donor cells produce cloned pups with female external genitalia and complete male gonadal dysgenesis, which is classified as an XY disorder of sex development (XY DSD). In this study, we examine the potential of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC), a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, to reduce the phenotypic abnormality XY DSD in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)- derived pups. We used a 9-year-old normal male German Shepherd dog as a cell donor. Donor cells were treated with 10 nM 5-aza-dC for 4 days before being used for SCNT. At the same stage of cell development, significantly lower levels of DNA methylation of the sex-determining region Y (SRY) promoter was observed in the treated donor cells compared to that in the untreated cells (95.2% versus 53.3% on day 4 for the control and treated groups, respectively). No significant differences were observed in the control or treatment groups concerning fusion rate, pregnancy rate (30 days or entire period), the number of pups, or the incidence of XY DSD. However, more XY DSD dogs were observed in the control group (31.25%) than in the treatment group (14.29%). Hypermethylation of the SRY promoter was observed in the XY DSD cloned pups in both the treatment (84.8%) and control groups (91.1 ± 1.4%) compared to the methylation level in the phenotypically normal male pups of the treatment (23.2 ± 20.9%) and control groups (39.1 ± 20.1%). These results suggest that 5-aza-dC treatment of donor cells can reduce the methylation level of the SRY promoter in donor cells, and thus, 5-aza-dC is advantageous for reducing the incidence of XY DSD in canine cloning.

Published
2020

10. Infrared Spectroscopic Probe of Charge Distribution in Gated Multilayer Graphene: Evidence of Nonlinear Screening

Author

E. J. Choi, Jiho Kim, Marcelo A. Kuroda, Kwangnam Yu, Jiwon Jeon, and Byoungju Lee

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Infrared, Graphene, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, Charge density, Charge (physics), 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Capacitance, law.invention, Quantum capacitance, law, 0103 physical sciences, Transmittance, Optoelectronics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Spectroscopy, business
Abstract

We characterize the charge distribution in ion-gated turbostratic multilayer graphene employing broadband infrared transmittance spectroscopy. The experimental results evince the nonlinear screening of graphene and are in agreement with a theoretical model that accounts for the electrostatic coupling between the layers and the quantum capacitance of the graphene. We find that descriptions of charge distributions in these systems in the high-density regimes accessed experimentally via the formation of an electric double layer must include the capacitance of the multilayer graphene channel, which varies with charge and thickness. Specifically, the graphene-channel capacitance increases with thickness but tends to saturate after three layers, underscoring graphene's qualities for ultrathin charge-storage applications. Through accurate determination of the layer-resolved carrier density in multilayer graphene, this sensitive technique may prove useful for the study of charge distributions in other two-dimensional multilayer devices.

Published
2020

12. Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas of the bilateral third eyelids in a dog

Author

Han-Jun Kim, E. J. Choi, H. Y. Kim, H. S. Lee, K. B. Kwon, K. W. Sah, S. H. Do, and D. H. Kim

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, General Veterinary, immune system diseases, business.industry, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Marginal zone B-cell, medicine, medicine.disease, business, Lymphoma, Third Eyelids
Published
2017

13. Gate tunable optical absorption and band structure of twisted bilayer graphene

Author

Taesoo Kim, Kwangnam Yu, Jiho Kim, Pilkyung Moon, Young Hee Lee, E. J. Choi, Jiwon Jeon, and Nguyen Van Luan

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, Bilayer, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), FOS: Physical sciences, Gating, Singularity, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Coulomb, Optoelectronics, business, Electronic band structure, Bilayer graphene, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
Abstract

We report the infrared transmission measurement on electrically gated twisted bilayer graphene. The optical absorption spectrum clearly manifests the dramatic changes such as the splitting of inter-linear-band absorption step, the shift of inter-van Hove singularity transition peak, and the emergence of very strong intra-valence (intra-conduction) band transition. These anomalous optical behaviors demonstrate consistently the non-rigid band structure modification created by the ion-gel gating through the layer-dependent Coulomb screening. We propose that this screening-driven band modification is an universal phenomenon that persists to other bilayer crystals in general, establishing the electrical gating as a versatile technique to engineer the band structures and to create new types of optical absorptions that can be exploited in electro-optical device application., 13 pages, 4 figures

Published
2019

14. Infrared study of Large scale h-BN film and Graphene/h-BN heterostructure

Author

A-Rang Jang, Keun Soo Kim, Young-Jun Yu, E. J. Choi, Hyeon Suk Shin, Chul Hee Lee, Kwangnam Yu, and Jiho Kim

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Infrared, Phonon, Graphene, Stacking, Analytical chemistry, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), FOS: Physical sciences, Heterojunction, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Impurity, 0103 physical sciences, Thin film, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Layer (electronics)
Abstract

We synthesize a series of CVD h-BN films and perform critical infrared spectroscopic characterization. For high-temperature (HT, Temp = 1400 degrees) grown h-BN thin film only E1u-mode infrared phonon is activated demonstrating highly aligned 2D h-BN planes over large area, whereas low-temperature (LT, Temp = 1000 degrees) grown film shows two phonon peaks, E1u and A2u, due to stacking of h-BN plane at tilted angle. For CVD graphene transferred on HT h-BN/SiO2/Si substrate, interband transition spectrum s1 shifts strongly to lower energy compared with that on LT h-BN/SiO2/Si and on bare SiO2/Si substrate, revealing that residual carrier density n in graphene is suppressed by use of HT h-BN layer. Also the interband transition width of s1 defined by effective temperature is reduced from 400 K for G/SiO2/Si to 300 K for HT h-BN/SiO2/Si. The behaviors of n and effective temperature show that HT h-BN film can decouple CVD graphene from the impurity and defect of SiO2 leading to large scale free-standing like graphene., 5 pages, 4 figures

Published
2019

15. Observation of optical absorption correlated with surface state of topological insulator

Author

Jiwon Jeon, Jisoo Moon, Seongshik Oh, Kwangnam Yu, E. J. Choi, and Jiho Kim

Subjects
Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, education.field_of_study, Phase transition, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Population, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Coupling (probability), 01 natural sciences, Omega, Excited state, Topological insulator, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Absorption (logic), 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, education, Electronic band structure
Abstract

We performed broadband optical transmission measurements of Bi2Se3 and In-doped Bi(1-x)In(x)2Se3 thin films, where in the latter the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) strength can be tuned by introducing In. Drude and interband transitions exhibit In-dependent changes that are consistent with evolution from metallic (x=0) to insulating (x=1) nature of the end compounds. Most notably, an optical absorption peak located at hw=1eV in Bi2Se3 is completely quenched at x=0.06, the critical concentration where the phase transition from TI into non-TI takes place. For this x, the surface state (SS) is vanished from the band structure as well. The correlation between the 1eV optical peak and the SS in the x-dependences suggests that the peak is associated with the SS. We further show that when Bi2Se3 is electrically gated, the 1eV-peak becomes stronger(weaker) when electron is depleted from (accumulated into) the SS. These observations combined together demonstrate that under the hw=1eV illumination electron is excited from a bulk band into the topological surface band of Bi2Se3. The optical population of surface band is of significant importance not only for fundamental study but also for TI-based optoelectronic device application., 9 pages, 5 figures

Published
2019

16. Parkin expression reverses mitochondrial dysfunction in fused in sarcoma-induced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Author

Sun-Joo Cha, K.‐H. Song, Dai Sig Im, Kiyoung Kim, Hyun-Jun Choi, Hyung-Jun Kim, and E. J. Choi

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Male, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Neuroprotection, Parkin, Pathogenesis, Animals, Genetically Modified, 03 medical and health sciences, Adenosine Triphosphate, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Drosophila Proteins, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Molecular Biology, Muscles, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Neurotoxicity, Wild type, Frontotemporal lobar degeneration, medicine.disease, Phenotype, nervous system diseases, Cell biology, Mitochondria, 010602 entomology, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, Insect Science, Larva, RNA-Binding Protein FUS, Drosophila
Abstract

Fused in sarcoma (FUS) is a DNA/RNA-binding protein associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. The exact molecular mechanisms by which FUS results in neurotoxicity have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we found that parkin is a genetic suppressor of defective phenotypes induced by exogenous human wild type FUS in Drosophila. Although parkin overexpression did not modulate the FUS protein expression level, the locomotive defects in FUS-expressing larvae and adult flies were rescued by parkin expression. We found that FUS expression in muscle tissues resulted in a reduction of the levels and assembly of mitochondrial complex I and III subunits, as well as decreased ATP. Remarkably, expression of parkin suppressed these mitochondrial dysfunctions. Our results indicate parkin as a neuroprotective regulator of FUS-induced proteinopathy by recovering the protein levels of mitochondrial complexes I and III. Our findings on parkin-mediated neuroprotection may expand our understanding of FUS-induced ALS pathogenesis.

Published
2019

17. Infrared spectroscopic study of carrier scattering in gated CVD graphene

Author

Jiho Kim, Joo Youn Kim, E. J. Choi, Jun Yeon Hwang, Wonki Lee, Kwangnam Yu, and Euyheon Hwang

Subjects
Electron mobility, Infrared, Phonon, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, law, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Absorption (logic), 010306 general physics, Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Graphene, Carrier scattering, Scattering, business.industry, Center (category theory), Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Optoelectronics, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

We measured Drude absorption of gated CVD graphene using far-infrared transmission spectroscopy, and determined carrier scattering rate (g) as function of the varied carrier density (n). The n-dependent g(n) was obtained for a series of conditions systematically changed as (10 K, vacuum) -> (300 K, vacuum) -> (300 K, ambient pressure), which reveals that (1) at low-T, charged impurity (=A/sqrt(n)) and short-range defect (=B*sqrt(n)) are the major scattering sources which constitute the total scattering g=A/sqrt(n)+B*sqrt(n), (2) among various kinds of phonons populated at room-T, surface polar phonon of the SiO2 substrate is the dominantly scattering source, (3) in air, the gas molecules adsorbed on graphene play a dual role in carrier scattering as charged impurity center and resonant scattering center. We present the absolute scattering strengths of those individual scattering sources, which provides the complete map of scattering mechanism of CVD graphene for the first time. This scattering map allows us find out practical measures to suppress the individual scatterings, the mobility gains accompanied by them, and finally the ultimate attainable carrier mobility for CVD graphene., 14 pages, 6 figures

Published
2019
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18. Infrared study of carrier scattering mechanism in ion-gated graphene

Author

Beom Joon Kim, E. J. Choi, Kwangnam Yu, Chang Won Oh, Jeong Ho Cho, Jiwon Jeon, Yongseok Yoon, and Jiho Kim

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Carrier scattering, Graphene, Scattering, Phonon, Infrared, Doping, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, Ion, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

We performed infrared transmission experiment on ion-gel gated graphene and measured carrier scattering rate g as function of carrier density n over wide range up to n=2E13 cm-2. The g exhibits a rapid decreases along with the gating followed by persistent increases on further carrier doping. This behavior of g(n) demonstrates that carrier is scattered dominantly by the two scattering mechanisms, namely, charged impurity (CI) scattering and short-range disorder (SR) scattering, with additional minor scattering from substrate phonon (SPP). We can determine the absolute strengths of all the scattering channels by fitting the g(n) data and unveils the complete n-dependent map of the scattering mechanisms g(n)=gCI(n)+gSR(n)+gSPP(n). The gCI(n) and gSR(n) are larger than those of SiO2$-gated graphene by 1.8 times, which elucidates the dual role of the ion-gel layer as a CI-scatterer and simultaneously a SR-scatterer to graphene. Additionally we show that freezing of IG at low-T (~200 K) does not cause any change to the carrier scattering., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

Published
2019
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19. Radiation from accelerated particles in shocks

Author

Mikhail V. Medvedev, E. J. Choi, Ken-Ichi Nishikawa, Helene Sol, K. W. Min, Martin Pohl, Jacek Niemiec, Yosuke Mizuno, Aake Nordlund, Gerald J. Fishman, Bing Zhang, Philip E. Hardee, Dieter H. Hartmann, and J. T. Frederiksen

Subjects
Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Synchrotron radiation, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Electron, 520 Astronomie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften, Synchrotron, Magnetic field, Computational physics, law.invention, Particle acceleration, Weibel instability, Astrophysical jet, Deflection (physics), Space and Planetary Science, law, ddc:520, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät
Abstract

Recent PIC simulations of relativistic electron-positron (electron-ion) jets injected into a stationary medium show that particle acceleration occurs in the shocked regions. Simulations show that the Weibel instability is responsible for generating and amplifying highly nonuniform, small-scale magnetic fields and for particle acceleration. These magnetic fields contribute to the electron’s transverse eflection behind the shock. The “jitter” radiation from deflected electrons in turbulent magnetic fields has properties different from synchrotron radiation calculated in a uniform magnetic field. This jitter radiation may be important for understanding the complex time evolution and/or spectral structure of gamma-ray bursts, relativistic jets in general, and supernova remnants. In order to calculate radiation from first principles and go beyond the standard synchrotron model, we have used PIC simulations. We present synthetic spectra to compare with the spectra obtained from Fermi observations., Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 600

Published
2019
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20. Optical spectroscopy study on the effect of hydrogen adsorption on graphene

Author

Doohee Cho, In-Whan Lyo, Chul Hee Lee, Jiho Kim, Nicolas Leconte, and E. J. Choi

Subjects
Hydrogen, Chemistry, Graphene, Van Hove singularity, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, Electron, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Optical conductivity, Molecular physics, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Direct and indirect band gaps, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Spectroscopy
Abstract

The effect of increasing hydrogen adsorption on graphene is investigated using optical transmission spectroscopy over a wide spectrum, from the far-infrared (FIR) to the UV domain. For low hydrogen concentration, the absorption intensities of the interband transitions occurring in the Dirac band (mid-IR and visible) and the M-point van Hove singularity (UV) decrease with increasing hydrogen coverage. This H-coverage dependent spectral change is quantified successfully using the effective medium theory. For highest hydrogen coverage, the optical absorbance decrease culminates in an actual band-gap opening of more than 6 eV. These measurements provide experimental confirmation of predicted large values of direct bandgap transitions in one-sided hydrogenated graphene. Finally, the optical conductivity in the Far-IR regime is behaving in a non-Drude type manner along with the hydrogenation, implying H- induced localization of the free Dirac π electrons.

Published
2016

21. Long-term stability study of graphene-passivated black phosphorus under air exposure

Author

E. J. Choi, Jiho Kim, Seung Kwan Baek, Keun Soo Kim, and Young Jun Chang

Subjects
Passivation, Graphene, business.industry, Phonon, Analytical chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Chemical reaction, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, Crystal, symbols.namesake, Semiconductor, law, symbols, General Materials Science, van der Waals force, 0210 nano-technology, business, Raman spectroscopy
Abstract

We use the graphene as a passivation layer to protect the black phosphorus from chemical reaction with air. Flakes of the black phosphorus crystal are covered by N = 1, 2, and 3 layers of CVD graphene and the Raman phonon modes are measured after the samples are exposed to air. For the double and triple layer passivation (N = 2,3) the Raman phonon peaks are maintained as long as ∼100 h (4 days) before the phonon intensity is reduced to 90% of the initial strength, I/I 0 = 0.9, demonstrating that the black phosphorus is strongly protected in contrast to the rapid degradation of the bare and single-layer covered black phosphorus. The long term stability achieved by multi-layer graphene passivation makes it possible to perform various electronic and optical experiments aimed for device application of this direct-gap van der Waals semiconductor with high electronic and thermal mobility under ambient environment.

Published
2016

22. The HLA-B*54:35 and -B*54:38 identified in volunteer donors for hematopoietic stem cell transplant

Author

Tae-Seok Kim, Dong-Hwan Shin, H.-J. Kim, In-Cheol Baek, and E.-J. Choi

Subjects
Base Sequence, Immunology, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Hematopoietic stem cell, Human leukocyte antigen, Exons, Biology, HLA-B, Tissue Donors, medicine.anatomical_structure, HLA-B Antigens, Genetics, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Codon, Volunteer
Abstract

HLA-B*54:35 and -B*54:38 differ from HLA-B*54:01:01 in codons in exons 2 and 3.

Published
2018

23. Malva verticillataseed extracts upregulate the Wnt pathway in human dermal papilla cells

Author

Jeong Ah Kim, E.-J. Choi, I. Han, Young Ho Kim, Y. L. Hwang, S. Kang, S. S. Roh, Minhyung Lee, Chang Deok Kim, and E. Y. Lee

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Aging, Pharmaceutical Science, Dermatology, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Hair cycle, Drug Discovery, Botany, medicine, Humans, Protein kinase B, Cells, Cultured, Reporter gene, Malva, integumentary system, Plant Extracts, Cell growth, Wnt signaling pathway, Hair follicle, medicine.disease, Up-Regulation, Cell biology, Wnt Proteins, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Hair loss, chemistry, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Myristoleic acid, Seeds
Abstract

SynopsisObjective Mesenchymal–epithelial interactions are important in controlling hair growth and the hair cycle. The β-catenin pathway of dermal papilla cells (DPCs) plays a pivotal role in morphogenesis and normal regeneration of hair follicles. Deletion of β-catenin in the dermal papilla reduces proliferation of the hair follicle progenitor cells that generate the hair shaft and induces an early onset of the catagen phase. In this study, a modulator of the Wnt/β-catenin activity was studied in oriental herb extracts on cultured human DPCs. Methods The effect of Malva verticillata (M. verticillata) seeds on human DPCs was investigated by a Wnt/β-catenin reporter activity assay system (β-catenin–TCF/LEF reporter gene) and cell proliferation analysis. The synthesis of the factors related to hair growth and cycling was measured at both the mRNA and the protein level by semi-quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Results An extract from M. verticillata seeds increased Wnt reporter activity in a concentration-dependent manner and also led to increased β-catenin levels in cultured human DPCs. Myristoleic acid, identified as an effective compound of M. verticillata seeds, stimulated the proliferation of DPCs in a dose-dependent manner and increased transcription levels of the downstream targets: IGF-1, KGF, VEGF and HGF. Myristoleic acid also enhanced the phosphorylation of MAPKs (Akt and p38). Conclusion Overall, the data suggest that this extract of M. verticillata seeds could be a good candidate for treating hair loss by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in DPCs.

Published
2015

24. Spindle cell lipoma in the gingiva of a dog: a case report

Author

J. H. Kim, H. R. Lee, S. H. Do, Han-Jun Kim, E. S. Yun, G. J. Park, and E. J. Choi

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, General Veterinary, biology, 040301 veterinary sciences, Cell, CD34, Adipose tissue, Vimentin, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Anatomy, Lipoma, medicine.disease, 0403 veterinary science, stomatognathic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Spindle cell lipoma, medicine, biology.protein, Immunohistochemistry, Histopathology
Abstract

Spindle cell lipoma is a benign lipomatous tumour that mainly occurs in the subcutis of the head, neck, and shoulder in elderly men. Oral spindle cell lipoma is extremely rare in all species, and no cases have been reported in veterinary medicine. A 10-year-old male dog was presented for evaluation of a white- to cream-coloured gingival mass. Microscopically, the mass was composed of mature fat cells and spindle cells containing thick fibrocollagenous bundles. The neoplastic cells showed positive immunoreactivity to vimentin and CD34. Based on the clinical and histopathological findings, spindle cell lipoma of the gingiva was diagnosed. Further immunohistochemical analysis revealed that both adipocytes and spindle cells exhibited positive reactions to oestrogen receptors α and β. These findings demonstrate the clinical, morphological, and immunohistochemi - cal characteristics of an oral spindle cell tumour. The potential role of sex steroid hormones in the pathogenesis of this tumour is also discussed.

Published
2015

25. Comprehensive analysis of the flux dropout during 7–8 November 2008 storm using multisatellite observations and RBE model

Author

Junga Hwang, Kyung-Chan Kim, Geoffrey D. Reeves, Dae-Kyu Shin, E.‐J. Choi, Dae-Young Lee, Jinhye Park, Maria Usanova, and M.-C. Fok

Subjects
Geomagnetic storm, Physics, Dropout (communications), Flux, Geophysics, Electron, Computational physics, symbols.namesake, Space and Planetary Science, Local time, Van Allen radiation belt, Substorm, symbols, Magnetopause
Abstract

We investigate an electron flux dropout during a weak storm on 7–8 November 2008, with Dst minimum value being −37 nT. During this period, two clear dropouts were observed on GOES 11 > 2 MeV electrons. We also find a simultaneous dropout in the subrelativistic electrons recorded by Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms probes in the outer radiation belt. Using the Radiation Belt Environment model, we try to reproduce the observed dropout features in both relativistic and subrelativistic electrons. We found that there are local time dependences in the dropout for both observation and simulation in subrelativistic electrons: (1) particle loss begins from nightside and propagates into dayside and (2) resupply starts from near dawn magnetic local time and propagates into the dayside following electron drift direction. That resupply of the particles might be caused by substorm injections due to enhanced convection. We found a significant precipitation in hundreds keV electrons during the dropout. We observe electromagnetic ion cyclotron and chorus waves both on the ground and in space. We find the drift shells are opened near the beginning of the first dropout. The dropout in MeV electrons at GEO might therefore be initiated due to the magnetopause shadowing, and the followed dropout in hundreds keV electrons might be the result of the combination of magnetopause shadowing and precipitation loss into the Earth's atmosphere.

Published
2015

26. Cutaneous extrarenal rhabdoid tumor in a dog: a case report

Author

S. H. Do, B. T. Kwon, Han-Jun Kim, H. R. Lee, and E. J. Choi

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, General Veterinary, biology, 040301 veterinary sciences, Vimentin, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Anatomy, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, Maltese dog, 0302 clinical medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, medicine, biology.protein, Ultrastructure, Immunohistochemistry, Desmin, Intermediate filament, Epithelioid cell, Extrarenal Rhabdoid Tumor
Abstract

Rhabdoid tumours (RTs) are rare, highly aggressive tumours of undetermined origin in humans, and are sub-classified as renal/extrarenal RTs depending on location. The origins of extrarenal rhabdoid tumours are an enigma and neoplasms have rarely been reported in non-primate species. An 11-year-old male Maltese dog was presented with a submandibular mass. Histologically, the mass was composed of sheets of highly pleomorphic "rhabdoid" cells, further characterised by the presence of large epithelioid cells with globular/fibrillar paranuclear inclusions. Further immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin and desmin similar to human tumours. In addition, ultrastructural analysis showed that the intracytoplasmic inclu - sions were mainly composed of whorled bundles of intermediate filaments. Our results suggest a useful diagnostic approach to cutaneous, extrarenal rhabdoid tumours in dogs and describe their characteristics.

Published
2015

27. New reference genome sequences of hot pepper reveal the massive evolution of plant disease-resistance genes by retroduplication

Author

Seungill Kim, Eunhye Choi, Kyeongchae Cheong, Doil Choi, Jin Hoe Huh, Yong-Min Kim, Ryan W. Kim, Hyunbin Kim, Ji Eun Park, Gobong Choi, Jongbum Jeon, Hosub Shin, Tae-Jin Yang, Saet-Byul Kim, Namjin Koo, Soohyun Oh, Hyeunjeong Song, Hea-Young Lee, Seon-In Yeom, Yunji Hong, Jeffrey L. Bennetzen, So Eui Lee, Minkyu Park, Won-Hee Kang, Junki Lee, Yong-Hwan Lee, Byoung-Cheorl Kang, Y. H. Lee, Sang-Choon Lee, Eunyoung Seo, Jin-Kyung Kwon, E. J. Choi, Je Min Lee, Koeun Han, Jundae Lee, Joo Hyun Lee, Myung-Shin Kim, Hye-Young Lee, Hyun-Ah Lee, and Ki-Tae Kim

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Transposable element, Genome evolution, lcsh:QH426-470, Retroelements, Genetic Speciation, NLR Proteins, Plant disease resistance, Genes, Plant, 01 natural sciences, Genome, Chromosomes, Plant, NLR, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Open Reading Frames, Species Specificity, Gene Duplication, Gene family, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Gene, Phylogeny, Disease Resistance, Plant Diseases, Genetics, biology, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Research, fungi, Terminal Repeat Sequences, food and beverages, Molecular Sequence Annotation, LTR-retrotransposon, Reference Standards, biology.organism_classification, Capsicum baccatum, Disease-resistance gene, lcsh:Genetics, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Biology (General), Multigene Family, Retroduplication, Capsicum, 010606 plant biology & botany, Reference genome
Abstract

Background Transposable elements are major evolutionary forces which can cause new genome structure and species diversification. The role of transposable elements in the expansion of nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich-repeat proteins (NLRs), the major disease-resistance gene families, has been unexplored in plants. Results We report two high-quality de novo genomes (Capsicum baccatum and C. chinense) and an improved reference genome (C. annuum) for peppers. Dynamic genome rearrangements involving translocations among chromosomes 3, 5, and 9 were detected in comparison between C. baccatum and the two other peppers. The amplification of athila LTR-retrotransposons, members of the gypsy superfamily, led to genome expansion in C. baccatum. In-depth genome-wide comparison of genes and repeats unveiled that the copy numbers of NLRs were greatly increased by LTR-retrotransposon-mediated retroduplication. Moreover, retroduplicated NLRs are abundant across the angiosperms and, in most cases, are lineage-specific. Conclusions Our study reveals that retroduplication has played key roles for the massive emergence of NLR genes including functional disease-resistance genes in pepper plants. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-017-1341-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2017

28. Multiple reference genome sequences of hot pepper reveal the massive evolution of plant disease resistance genes by retroduplication

Author

E. J. Choi, Je Min Lee, Yong-Min Kim, Hye-Young Lee, Ryan W. Kim, Byoung-Cheorl Kang, Jongbum Jeon, Tae-Jin Yang, Saet-Byul Kim, Jeffrey L. Bennetzen, Seungill Kim, Hyunbin Kim, Won-Hee Kang, Yong-Hwan Lee, Jin-Kyung Kwon, Hyeunjeong Song, Soohyun Oh, Koeun Han, Myung-Shin Kim, Jundae Lee, Seon-In Yeom, Y. H. Lee, Eunhye Choi, Kyeongchae Cheong, Ji Eun Park, Gobong Choi, Hosub Shin, Sang-Choon Lee, Ki-Tae Kim, Hea-Young Lee, Junki Lee, Yunji Hong, Minkyu Park, Jin Hoe Huh, Joo Hyun Lee, Hyun-Ah Lee, Eunyoung Seo, Doil Choi, Namjin Koo, and So Eui Lee

Subjects
Genetics, Transposable element, Genome evolution, biology, food and beverages, Gene family, Plant disease resistance, biology.organism_classification, Capsicum baccatum, Genome, Gene, Reference genome
Abstract

SummaryTransposable elements (TEs) provide major evolutionary forces leading to new genome structure and species diversification. However, the role of TEs in the expansion of disease resistance gene families has been unexplored in plants. Here, we report high-quality de novo genomes for two peppers (Capsicum baccatum and C. chinense) and an improved reference genome (C. annuum). Dynamic genome rearrangements involving translocations among chromosome 3, 5 and 9 were detected in comparison between C. baccatum and the two other peppers. The amplification of athila LTR-retrotransposons, members of the gypsy superfamily, led to genome expansion in C. baccatum. In-depth genome-wide comparison of genes and repeats unveiled that the copy numbers of NLRs were greatly increased by LTR-retrotransposon-mediated retroduplication. Moreover, retroduplicated NLRs exhibited great abundance across the angiosperms, with most cases lineage-specific and thus recent events. Our study revealed that retroduplication has played key roles in the emergence of new disease-resistance genes in plants.

Published
2017

29. Current Understandings of Plant Nonhost Resistance

Author

Eunhye Choi, Eunyoung Seo, Doil Choi, E. J. Choi, Soohyun Oh, Hye-Young Lee, Saet-Byul Kim, So Eui Lee, Joohyun Lee, and Hyun-Ah Lee

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Crops, Agricultural, Physiology, Plant Immunity, Plant disease resistance, Biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Immunity, Plant defense against herbivory, Disease Resistance, Genetics, Resistance (ecology), Effector, Mechanism (biology), Ecology, fungi, Pattern recognition receptor, food and beverages, General Medicine, Plants, 030104 developmental biology, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany, Signal Transduction
Abstract

Nonhost resistance, a resistance of plant species against all nonadapted pathogens, is considered the most durable and efficient immune system of plants but yet remains elusive. The underlying mechanism of nonhost resistance has been investigated at multiple levels of plant defense for several decades. In this review, we have comprehensively surveyed the latest literature on nonhost resistance in terms of preinvasion, metabolic defense, pattern-triggered immunity, effector-triggered immunity, defense signaling, and possible application in crop protection. Overall, we summarize the current understanding of nonhost resistance mechanisms. Pre- and postinvasion is not much deviated from the knowledge on host resistance, except for a few specific cases. Further insights on the roles of the pattern recognition receptor gene family, multiple interactions between effectors from nonadapted pathogen and plant factors, and plant secondary metabolites in host range determination could expand our knowledge on nonhost resistance and provide efficient tools for future crop protection using combinational biotechnology approaches. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

Published
2016

30. Peritoneal dialysis - A

Author

M. Ito, A. Emami-Naini, N. Keyvandarian, F. Moeinzadeh, M. Mortazavi, S. Taheri, K. Io, T. Nishino, Y. Obata, M. Kitamura, S. Abe, T. Koji, S. Kohno, K. Wakabayashi, C. Hamada, T. Nakano, R. Kanda, H. Io, S. Horikoshi, Y. Tomino, M. R. Korte, N. Braun, S. M. Habib, E. Goffin, A. Summers, L. Heuveling, M. G. H. Betjes, M. Lambie, J. Bankart, D. Johnson, R. Mactier, L. Phillips-Darby, N. Topley, S. Davies, F. X. Liu, R. Leipold, M. Arici, U. Farooqui, K.-h. Cho, J.-y. Do, S.-h. Kang, J.-W. Park, K.-W. Yoon, S.-Y. Jung, C. Sise, P. Rutherford, L. Kovacs, S. Konings, M. Pestana, J. Zimmermann, H. Cramp, D. Stein, K. Bang, J. H. Shin, J. Jeong, J.-H. Kim, N. Matsuo, Y. Maruyama, M. Nakao, Y. Tanno, I. Ohkido, H. Hayakawa, H. Yamamoto, K. Yokoyama, T. Hosoya, F. Iannuzzella, M. Corradini, L. Belloni, A. Stefani, M. Parmeggiani, S. Pasquali, O. Svedberg, P. Stenvinkel, A. R. Qureshi, P. Barany, O. Heimburger, P. Leurs, B. Anderstam, J. Waniewski, S. Antosiewicz, D. Baczynski, M. Galach, Z. Wankowicz, M. Prabhu, S. V. Subhramanyam, K. S. Nayak, J.-C. Hwang, M.-Y. Jiang, Y.-H. Lu, C.-T. Wang, C. Santos, A. Rodriguez-Carmona, M. Perez Fontan, B. Schaefer, S. Macher-Goeppinger, A. Bayazit, P. Sallay, S. Testa, S. Holland-Cunz, U. Querfeld, B. A. Warady, F. Schaefer, C. P. Schmitt, I. Guney, K. Turkmen, R. Yazici, S. Aslan, L. Altintepe, M. Yeksan, I. Kocyigit, M. Sipahioglu, O. Orscelik, A. Unal, A. Celik, S. Abbas, F. Zhu, B. Tokgoz, A. Dogan, O. Oymak, P. Kotanko, N. Levin, M. C. Sanchez-Gonzalez, M. L. Gonzalez-Casaus, E. Gonzalez-Parra, M. Albalate, V. Lorenzo, V. Torregrosa, E. Fernandez, C. de la Piedra, M. Rodriguez, M. Zeiler, T. Monteburini, R. M. Agostinelli, R. Marinelli, S. Santarelli, F. Bermond, C. Bagnis, C. Marcuccio, G. Soragna, M. Bruno, C. Vitale, M. Marangella, F. Martino, E. Scalzotto, M. P. Rodighiero, C. Crepaldi, C. Ronco, S. Seferi, M. Rroji, E. Likaj, M. Barbullushi, N. Thereska, E. J. Kim, J. H. Han, H. M. Koo, F. M. Doh, C. H. Kim, K. I. Ko, M. J. Lee, H. J. Oh, S. H. Han, T.-H. Yoo, K. H. Choi, S.-W. Kang, S. Uzun, S. Karadag, M. Yegen, M. Gursu, S. Ozturk, Z. Aydin, A. Sumnu, E. Cebeci, E. Atalay, R. Kazancioglu, D. Alscher, P. Fritz, J. Latus, M. Kimmel, D. Biegger, M. Lindenmeyer, C. D. Cohen, R. P. Wuthrich, S. Segerer, Y. K. Kim, H. W. Kim, H. C. Song, E. J. Choi, C. W. Yang, A. Matsuda, Y. Tayama, T. Ogawa, M. Iwanaga, S. Okazaki, M. Hatano, T. Kiba, T. Shimizu, H. Hasegawa, T. Mitarai, M. Dratwa, F. Collart, C. Verger, K. Takayanagi, T. Iwashita, C. Noiri, M. Inamura, S. Nakamura, H. Kato, M. H. Sipahioglu, F. Elmali, X. Zhang, J. Ma, A. Giuliani, L. Blanca-Martos, A. Nayak Karopadi, G. Mason, M. T. Santos, I. Fonseca, O. Santos, M. J. Rocha, M. J. Carvalho, A. Cabrita, A. Rodrigues, L. Scabbia, A. Domenici, F. Apponi, M. Tayefeh Jafari, F. Sivo, C. Falcone, G. Punzo, P. Mene, T. Yildirim, R. Yilmaz, A. Azak, M. Altindal, E. Turkmen, B. Altun, M. Duranay, Y. Erdem, M. Buyukbakkal, B. Eser, O. Yayar, Z. Ercan, A. Kali, B. Erdogan, A. Haspulat, O. Merhametsiz, G. Ulusal-Okyay, S. I. Akdag, M. D. Ayli, A. Pietrzycka, P. Miarka, E. Chowaniec, W. Sulowicz, M. Lutwin, M. Gaska, and A. Paciorek

Subjects
Transplantation, medicine.medical_specialty, Nephrology, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Urology, Medicine, business, Peritoneal dialysis
Published
2013

31. Strong hole-doping and robust resistance-decrease in proton-irradiated graphene

Author

Chul Hee Lee, Byung Hee Hong, Young Jun Chang, E. J. Choi, Sang Jin Kim, Keun Soo Kim, and Jiho Kim

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Materials science, business.industry, Graphene, Doping, Field effect, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Article, law.invention, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, law, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, Irradiation, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Order of magnitude, Graphene nanoribbons
Abstract

Great effort has been devoted in recent years to improve the electrical conductivity of graphene for use in practical applications. Here, we demonstrate the hole carrier density of CVD graphene on a SiO2/Si substrate increases by more than one order of magnitude to n = 3 × 1013 cm−2 after irradiation with a high energy 5 MeV proton beam. As a result, the dc-resistance (R) of graphene is reduced significantly by 60%. Only a negligible amount of defect is created by the irradiation. Also the hole-doped low resistance state of graphene remains robust against external perturbations. This carrier doping is achieved without requiring the bias-gate voltage as is the case for other field effect devices. We make two important observations, (i) occurrence of the doping after the irradiation is turned off (ii) indispensability of the SiO2-layer in the substrate, which leads to a purely electronic mechanism for the doping where electron-hole pair creation and interlayer Coulomb attraction play a major role. A flux-dependent study predicts that an ultrahigh doping may be obtained by longer irradiation. We expect the irradiation doping method could be applied to other atomically thin solids, facilitating the fundamental study and application of the 2d materials.

Published
2016

32. Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

Author

Klionsky, D.J. Abdelmohsen, K. Abe, A. Abedin, M.J. Abeliovich, H. Arozena, A.A. Adachi, H. Adams, C.M. Adams, P.D. Adeli, K. Adhihetty, P.J. Adler, S.G. Agam, G. Agarwal, R. Aghi, M.K. Agnello, M. Agostinis, P. Aguilar, P.V. Aguirre-Ghiso, J. Airoldi, E.M. Ait-Si-Ali, S. Akematsu, T. Akporiaye, E.T. Al-Rubeai, M. Albaiceta, G.M. Albanese, C. Albani, D. Albert, M.L. Aldudo, J. Algül, H. Alirezaei, M. Alloza, I. Almasan, A. Almonte-Beceril, M. Alnemri, E.S. Alonso, C. Altan-Bonnet, N. Altieri, D.C. Alvarez, S. Alvarez-Erviti, L. Alves, S. Amadoro, G. Amano, A. Amantini, C. Ambrosio, S. Amelio, I. Amer, A.O. Amessou, M. Amon, A. An, Z. Anania, F.A. Andersen, S.U. Andley, U.P. Andreadi, C.K. Andrieu-Abadie, N. Anel, A. Ann, D.K. Anoopkumar-Dukie, S. Antonioli, M. Aoki, H. Apostolova, N. Aquila, S. Aquilano, K. Araki, K. Arama, E. Aranda, A. Araya, J. Arcaro, A. Arias, E. Arimoto, H. Ariosa, A.R. Armstrong, J.L. Arnould, T. Arsov, I. Asanuma, K. Askanas, V. Asselin, E. Atarashi, R. Atherton, S.S. Atkin, J.D. Attardi, L.D. Auberger, P. Auburger, G. Aurelian, L. Autelli, R. Avagliano, L. Avantaggiati, M.L. Avrahami, L. Azad, N. Awale, S. Bachetti, T. Backer, J.M. Bae, D.-H. Bae, J.-S. Bae, O.-N. Bae, S.H. Baehrecke, E.H. Baek, S.-H. Baghdiguian, S. Bagniewska-Zadworna, A. Bai, H. Bai, J. Bai, X.-Y. Bailly, Y. Balaji, K.N. Balduini, W. Ballabio, A. Balzan, R. Banerjee, R. Bánhegyi, G. Bao, H. Barbeau, B. Barrachina, M.D. Barreiro, E. Bartel, B. Bartolomé, A. Bassham, D.C. Bassi, M.T. Bast, R.C., Jr. Basu, A. Batista, M.T. Batoko, H. Battino, M. Bauckman, K. Baumgarner, B.L. Bayer, K.U. Beale, R. Beaulieu, J.-F. Beck, G.R., Jr. Becker, C. Beckham, J.D. Bédard, P.-A. Bednarski, P.J. Begley, T.J. Behl, C. Behrends, C. Behrens, G.M.N. Behrns, K.E. Bejarano, E. Belaid, A. Belleudi, F. Bénard, G. Berchem, G. Bergamaschi, D. Bergami, M. Berkhout, B. Berliocchi, L. Bernard, A. Bernard, M. Bernassola, F. Bertolotti, A. Bess, A.S. Besteiro, S. Bettuzzi, S. Bhalla, S. Bhattacharyya, S. Bhutia, S.K. Biagosch, C. Bianchi, M.W. Biard-Piechaczyk, M. Billes, V. Bincoletto, C. Bingol, B. Bird, S.W. Bitoun, M. Bjedov, I. Blackstone, C. Blanc, L. Blanco, G.A. Blomhoff, H.K. Boada-Romero, E. Böckler, S. Boes, M. Boesze-Battaglia, K. Boise, L.H. Bolino, A. Boman, A. Bonaldo, P. Bordi, M. Bosch, J. Botana, L.M. Botti, J. Bou, G. Bouché, M. Bouchecareilh, M. Boucher, M.-J. Boulton, M.E. Bouret, S.G. Boya, P. Boyer-Guittaut, M. Bozhkov, P.V. Brady, N. Braga, V.M.M. Brancolini, C. Braus, G.H. Bravo-San-Pedro, J.M. Brennan, L.A. Bresnick, E.H. Brest, P. Bridges, D. Bringer, M.-A. Brini, M. Brito, G.C. Brodin, B. Brookes, P.S. Brown, E.J. Brown, K. Broxmeyer, H.E. Bruhat, A. Brum, P.C. Brumell, J.H. Brunetti-Pierri, N. Bryson-Richardson, R.J. Buch, S. Buchan, A.M. Budak, H. Bulavin, D.V. Bultman, S.J. Bultynck, G. Bumbasirevic, V. Burelle, Y. Burke, R.E. Burmeister, M. Bütikofer, P. Caberlotto, L. Cadwell, K. Cahova, M. Cai, D. Cai, J. Cai, Q. Calatayud, S. Camougrand, N. Campanella, M. Campbell, G.R. Campbell, M. Campello, S. Candau, R. Caniggia, I. Cantoni, L. Cao, L. Caplan, A.B. Caraglia, M. Cardinali, C. Cardoso, S.M. Carew, J.S. Carleton, L.A. Carlin, C.R. Carloni, S. Carlsson, S.R. Carmona-Gutierrez, D. Carneiro, L.A.M. Carnevali, O. Carra, S. Carrier, A. Carroll, B. Casas, C. Casas, J. Cassinelli, G. Castets, P. Castro-Obregon, S. Cavallini, G. Ceccherini, I. Cecconi, F. Cederbaum, A.I. Ceña, V. Cenci, S. Cerella, C. Cervia, D. Cetrullo, S. Chaachouay, H. Chae, H.-J. Chagin, A.S. Chai, C.-Y. Chakrabarti, G. Chamilos, G. Chan, E.Y.W. Chan, M.T.V. Chandra, D. Chandra, P. Chang, C.-P. Chang, R.C.-C. Chang, T.Y. Chatham, J.C. Chatterjee, S. Chauhan, S. Che, Y. Cheetham, M.E. Cheluvappa, R. Chen, C.-J. Chen, G. Chen, G.-C. Chen, G. Chen, H. Chen, J.W. Chen, J.-K. Chen, M. Chen, M. Chen, P. Chen, Q. Chen, Q. Chen, S.-D. Chen, S. Chen, S.S.-L. Chen, W. Chen, W.-J. Chen, W.Q. Chen, W. Chen, X. Chen, Y.-H. Chen, Y.-G. Chen, Y. Chen, Y. Chen, Y. Chen, Y.-J. Chen, Y.-Q. Chen, Y. Chen, Z. Chen, Z. Cheng, A. Cheng, C.H.K. Cheng, H. Cheong, H. Cherry, S. Chesney, J. Cheung, C.H.A. Chevet, E. Chi, H.C. Chi, S.-G. Chiacchiera, F. Chiang, H.-L. Chiarelli, R. Chiariello, M. Chieppa, M. Chin, L.-S. Chiong, M. Chiu, G.N.C. Cho, D.-H. Cho, S.-G. Cho, W.C. Cho, Y.-Y. Cho, Y.-S. Choi, A.M.K. Choi, E.-J. Choi, E.-K. Choi, J. Choi, M.E. Choi, S.-I. Chou, T.-F. Chouaib, S. Choubey, D. Choubey, V. Chow, K.-C. Chowdhury, K. Chu, C.T. Chuang, T.-H. Chun, T. Chung, H. Chung, T. Chung, Y.-L. Chwae, Y.-J. Cianfanelli, V. Ciarcia, R. Ciechomska, I.A. Ciriolo, M.R. Cirone, M. Claerhout, S. Clague, M.J. Cl� ria, J. Clarke, P.G.H. Clarke, R. Clementi, E. Cleyrat, C. Cnop, M. Coccia, E.M. Cocco, T. Codogno, P. Coers, J. Cohen, E.E.W. Colecchia, D. Coletto, L. Coll, N.S. Colucci-Guyon, E. Comincini, S. Condello, M. Cook, K.L. Coombs, G.H. Cooper, C.D. Cooper, J.M. Coppens, I. Corasaniti, M.T. Corazzari, M. Corbalan, R. Corcelle-Termeau, E. Cordero, M.D. Corral-Ramos, C. Corti, O. Cossarizza, A. Costelli, P. Costes, S. Cotman, S.L. Coto-Montes, A. Cottet, S. Couve, E. Covey, L.R. Cowart, L.A. Cox, J.S. Coxon, F.P. Coyne, C.B. Cragg, M.S. Craven, R.J. Crepaldi, T. Crespo, J.L. Criollo, A. Crippa, V. Cruz, M.T. Cuervo, A.M. Cuezva, J.M. Cui, T. Cutillas, P.R. Czaja, M.J. Czyzyk-Krzeska, M.F. Dagda, R.K. Dahmen, U. Dai, C. Dai, W. Dai, Y. Dalby, K.N. Valle, L.D. Dalmasso, G. D'amelio, M. Damme, M. Darfeuille-Michaud, A. Dargemont, C. Darley-Usmar, V.M. Dasarathy, S. Dasgupta, B. Dash, S. Dass, C.R. Davey, H.M. Davids, L.M. Dávila, D. Davis, R.J. Dawson, T.M. Dawson, V.L. Daza, P. de Belleroche, J. de Figueiredo, P. de Figueiredo, R.C.B.Q. de la Fuente, J. De Martino, L. De Matteis, A. De Meyer, G.R.Y. De Milito, A. De Santi, M. de Souza, W. De Tata, V. De Zio, D. Debnath, J. Dechant, R. Decuypere, J.-P. Deegan, S. Dehay, B. Del Bello, B. Del Re, D.P. Delage-Mourroux, R. Delbridge, L.M.D. Deldicque, L. Delorme-Axford, E. Deng, Y. Dengjel, J. Denizot, M. Dent, P. Der, C.J. Deretic, V. Derrien, B. Deutsch, E. Devarenne, T.P. Devenish, R.J. Di Bartolomeo, S. Di Daniele, N. Di Domenico, F. Di Nardo, A. Di Paola, S. Di Pietro, A. Di Renzo, L. Di Antonio, A. Díaz-Araya, G. Díaz-Laviada, I. Diaz-Meco, M.T. Diaz-Nido, J. Dickey, C.A. Dickson, R.C. Diederich, M. Digard, P. Dikic, I. Dinesh-Kumar, S.P. Ding, C. Ding, W.-X. Ding, Z. Dini, L. Distler, J.H.W. Diwan, A. Djavaheri-Mergny, M. Dmytruk, K. Dobson, R.C.J. Doetsch, V. Dokladny, K. Dokudovskaya, S. Donadelli, M. Dong, X.C. Dong, X. Dong, Z. Donohue, T.M., Jr. Donohue-Jr, T.M. Doran, K.S. D'orazi, G. Dorn, G.W., II Dosenko, V. Dridi, S. Drucker, L. Du, J. Du, L.-L. Du, L. du Toit, A. Dua, P. Duan, L. Duann, P. Dubey, V.K. Duchen, M.R. Duchosal, M.A. Duez, H. Dugail, I. Dumit, V.I. Duncan, M.C. Dunlop, E.A. Dunn, W.A., Jr. Dupont, N. Dupuis, L. Durán, R.V. Durcan, T.M. Duvezin-Caubet, S. Duvvuri, U. Eapen, V. Ebrahimi-Fakhari, D. Echard, A. Eckhart, L. 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Published
2016

33. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

Author

Klionsky, D.J. Abdelmohsen, K. Abe, A. Abedin, M.J. Abeliovich, H. Arozena, A.A. Adachi, H. Adams, C.M. Adams, P.D. Adeli, K. Adhihetty, P.J. Adler, S.G. Agam, G. Agarwal, R. Aghi, M.K. Agnello, M. Agostinis, P. Aguilar, P.V. Aguirre-Ghiso, J. Airoldi, E.M. Ait-Si-Ali, S. Akematsu, T. Akporiaye, E.T. Al-Rubeai, M. Albaiceta, G.M. Albanese, C. Albani, D. Albert, M.L. Aldudo, J. Algül, H. Alirezaei, M. Alloza, I. Almasan, A. Almonte-Beceril, M. Alnemri, E.S. Alonso, C. Altan-Bonnet, N. Altieri, D.C. Alvarez, S. Alvarez-Erviti, L. Alves, S. Amadoro, G. Amano, A. Amantini, C. Ambrosio, S. Amelio, I. Amer, A.O. Amessou, M. Amon, A. An, Z. Anania, F.A. Andersen, S.U. Andley, U.P. Andreadi, C.K. Andrieu-Abadie, N. Anel, A. Ann, D.K. Anoopkumar-Dukie, S. Antonioli, M. Aoki, H. Apostolova, N. Aquila, S. Aquilano, K. Araki, K. Arama, E. Aranda, A. Araya, J. Arcaro, A. Arias, E. Arimoto, H. Ariosa, A.R. Armstrong, J.L. Arnould, T. Arsov, I. Asanuma, K. Askanas, V. Asselin, E. Atarashi, R. Atherton, S.S. Atkin, J.D. Attardi, L.D. Auberger, P. Auburger, G. Aurelian, L. Autelli, R. Avagliano, L. Avantaggiati, M.L. Avrahami, L. Azad, N. Awale, S. Bachetti, T. Backer, J.M. Bae, D.-H. Bae, J.-S. Bae, O.-N. Bae, S.H. Baehrecke, E.H. Baek, S.-H. Baghdiguian, S. Bagniewska-Zadworna, A. Bai, H. Bai, J. Bai, X.-Y. Bailly, Y. Balaji, K.N. Balduini, W. Ballabio, A. Balzan, R. Banerjee, R. Bánhegyi, G. Bao, H. Barbeau, B. Barrachina, M.D. Barreiro, E. Bartel, B. Bartolomé, A. Bassham, D.C. Bassi, M.T. Bast, R.C., Jr. Basu, A. Batista, M.T. Batoko, H. Battino, M. Bauckman, K. Baumgarner, B.L. Bayer, K.U. Beale, R. Beaulieu, J.-F. Beck, G.R., Jr. Becker, C. Beckham, J.D. Bédard, P.-A. Bednarski, P.J. Begley, T.J. Behl, C. Behrends, C. Behrens, G.M.N. Behrns, K.E. Bejarano, E. Belaid, A. Belleudi, F. Bénard, G. Berchem, G. Bergamaschi, D. Bergami, M. Berkhout, B. Berliocchi, L. Bernard, A. Bernard, M. Bernassola, F. Bertolotti, A. Bess, A.S. Besteiro, S. Bettuzzi, S. Bhalla, S. 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Mollereau, B. Mollinedo, F. Mongillo, M. Monick, M.M. Montagnaro, S. Montell, C. Moore, D.J. Moore, M.N. Mora-Rodriguez, R. Moreira, P.I. Morel, E. Morelli, M.B. Moreno, S. Morgan, M.J. Moris, A. Moriyasu, Y. Morrison, J.L. Morrison, L.A. Morselli, E. Moscat, J. Moseley, P.L. Mostowy, S. Motori, E. Mottet, D. Mottram, J.C. Moussa, C.E.-H. Mpakou, V.E. Mukhtar, H. Levy, J.M.M. Muller, S. Muñoz-Moreno, R. Muñoz-Pinedo, C. Münz, C. Murphy, M.E. Murray, J.T. Murthy, A. Mysorekar, I.U. Nabi, I.R. Nabissi, M. Nader, G.A. Nagahara, Y. Nagai, Y. Nagata, K. Nagelkerke, A. Nagy, P. Naidu, S.R. Nair, S. Nakano, H. Nakatogawa, H. Nanjundan, M. Napolitano, G. Naqvi, N.I. Nardacci, R. Narendra, D.P. Narita, M. Nascimbeni, A.C. Natarajan, R. Navegantes, L.C. Nawrocki, S.T. Nazarko, T.Y. Nazarko, V.Y. Neill, T. Neri, L.M. Netea, M.G. Netea-Maier, R.T. Neves, B.M. Ney, P.A. Nezis, I.P. Nguyen, H.T.T. Nguyen, H.P. Nicot, A.-S. Nilsen, H. Nilsson, P. Nishimura, M. Nishino, I. Niso-Santano, M. Niu, H. 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Savaraj, N. Saveljeva, S. Schaefer, L. Schaible, U.E. Scharl, M. Schatzl, H.M. Schekman, R. Scheper, W. Schiavi, A. Schipper, H.M. Schmeisser, H. Schmidt, J. Schmitz, I. Schneider, B.E. Schneider, E.M. Schneider, J.L. Schon, E.A. Schönenberger, M.J. Schönthal, A.H. Schorderet, D.F. Schröder, B. Schuck, S. Schulze, R.J. Schwarten, M. Schwarz, T.L. Sciarretta, S. Scotto, K. Scovassi, A.I. Screaton, R.A. Screen, M. Seca, H. Sedej, S. Segatori, L. Segev, N. Seglen, P.O. Seguí-Simarro, J.M. Segura-Aguilar, J. Seiliez, I. Seki, E. Sell, C. Semenkovich, C.F. Semenza, G.L. Sen, U. Serra, A.L. Serrano-Puebla, A. Sesaki, H. Setoguchi, T. Settembre, C. Shacka, J.J. Shajahan-Haq, A.N. Shapiro, I.M. Sharma, S. She, H. Shen, C.-K.J. Shen, C.-C. Shen, H.-M. Shen, S. Shen, W. Sheng, R. Sheng, X. Sheng, Z.-H. Shepherd, T.G. Shi, J. Shi, Q. Shi, Q. Shi, Y. Shibutani, S. Shibuya, K. Shidoji, Y. Shieh, J.-J. Shih, C.-M. Shimada, Y. Shimizu, S. Shin, D.W. Shinohara, M.L. Shintani, M. Shintani, T. Shioi, T. Shirabe, K. Shiri-Sverdlov, R. Shirihai, O. Shore, G.C. Shu, C.-W. Shukla, D. Sibirny, A.A. Sica, V. Sigurdson, C.J. Sigurdsson, E.M. Sijwali, P.S. Sikorska, B. Silveira, W.A. Silvente-Poirot, S. Silverman, G.A. Simak, J. Simmet, T. Simon, A.K. Simon, H.-U. Simone, C. Simons, M. Simonsen, A. Singh, R. Singh, S.V. Singh, S.K. Sinha, D. Sinha, S. Sinicrope, F.A. Sirko, A. Sirohi, K. Sishi, B.J.N. Sittler, A. Siu, P.M. Sivridis, E. Skwarska, A. Slack, R. Slaninová, I. Slavov, N. Smaili, S.S. Smalley, K.S.M. Smith, D.R. Soenen, S.J. Soleimanpour, S.A. Solhaug, A. Somasundaram, K. Son, J.H. Sonawane, A. Song, C. Song, F. Song, H.K. Song, J.-X. Song, W. Soo, K.Y. Sood, A.K. Soong, T.W. Soontornniyomkij, V. Sorice, M. Sotgia, F. Soto-Pantoja, D.R. Sotthibundhu, A. Sousa, M.J. Spaink, H.P. Span, P.N. Spang, A. Sparks, J.D. Speck, P.G. Spector, S.A. Spies, C.D. Springer, W. Clair, D.S. Stacchiotti, A. Staels, B. Stang, M.T. Starczynowski, D.T. Starokadomskyy, P. Steegborn, C. Steele, J.W. Stefanis, L. Steffan, J. Stellrecht, C.M. Stenmark, H. Stepkowski, T.M. Stern, S.T. Stevens, C. Stockwell, B.R. Stoka, V. Storchova, Z. Stork, B. Stratoulias, V. Stravopodis, D.J. Strnad, P. Strohecker, A.M. Ström, A.-L. Stromhaug, P. Stulik, J. Su, Y.-X. Su, Z. Subauste, C.S. Subramaniam, S. Sue, C.M. Suh, S.W. Sui, X. Sukseree, S. Sulzer, D. Sun, F.-L. Sun, J. Sun, J. Sun, S.-Y. Sun, Y. Sun, Y. Sun, Y. Sundaramoorthy, V. Sung, J. Suzuki, H. Suzuki, K. Suzuki, N. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, Y.J. Swanson, M.S. Swanton, C. Swärd, K. Swarup, G. Sweeney, S.T. Sylvester, P.W. Szatmari, Z. Szegezdi, E. Szlosarek, P.W. Taegtmeyer, H. Tafani, M. Taillebourg, E. Tait, S.W.G. Takacs-Vellai, K. Takahashi, Y. Takáts, S. Takemura, G. Takigawa, N. Talbot, N.J. Tamagno, E. Tamburini, J. Tan, C.-P. Tan, L. Tan, M.L. Tan, M. Tan, Y.-J. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, M. Tang, D. Tang, D. Tang, G. Tanida, I. Tanji, K. Tannous, B.A. Tapia, J.A. Tasset-Cuevas, I. Tatar, M. Tavassoly, I. Tavernarakis, N. Taylor, A. Taylor, G.S. Taylor, G.A. Taylor, J.P. Taylor, M.J. Tchetina, E.V. Tee, A.R. Teixeira-Clerc, F. Telang, S. Tencomnao, T. Teng, B.-B. Teng, R.-J. Terro, F. Tettamanti, G. Theiss, A.L. Theron, A.E. Thomas, K.J. Thomé, M.P. Thomes, P.G. Thorburn, A. Thorner, J. Thum, T. Thumm, M. Thurston, T.L.M. Tian, L. Till, A. Ting, J.P.-Y. Ting, J.P.Y. Titorenko, V.I. Toker, L. Toldo, S. Tooze, S.A. Topisirovic, I. Torgersen, M.L. Torosantucci, L. Torriglia, A. Torrisi, M.R. Tournier, C. Towns, R. Trajkovic, V. Travassos, L.H. Triola, G. Tripathi, D.N. Trisciuoglio, D. Troncoso, R. Trougakos, I.P. Truttmann, A.C. Tsai, K.-J. Tschan, M.P. Tseng, Y.-H. Tsukuba, T. Tsung, A. Tsvetkov, A.S. Tu, S. Tuan, H.-Y. Tucci, M. Tumbarello, D.A. Turk, B. Turk, V. Turner, R.F.B. Tveita, A.A. Tyagi, S.C. Ubukata, M. Uchiyama, Y. Udelnow, A. Ueno, T. Umekawa, M. Umemiya-Shirafuji, R. Underwood, B.R. Ungermann, C. Ureshino, R.P. Ushioda, R. Uversky, V.N. Uzcátegui, N.L. Vaccari, T. Vaccaro, M.I. Váchová, L. Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg, H. Valdor, R. Valente, E.M. Vallette, F. Valverde, A.M. Van den Berghe, G. Van Den Bosch, L. van den Brink, G.R. van der Goot, F.G. van der Klei, I.J. van der Laan, L.J.W. van Doorn, W.G. van Egmond, M. van Golen, K.L. Van Kaer, L. Campagne, M.L. Vandenabeele, P. Vandenberghe, W. Vanhorebeek, I. Varela-Nieto, I. Vasconcelos, M.H. Vasko, R. Vavvas, D.G. Vega-Naredo, I. Velasco, G. Velentzas, A.D. Velentzas, P.D. Vellai, T. Vellenga, E. Vendelbo, M.H. Venkatachalam, K. Ventura, N. Ventura, S. Veras, P.S.T. Verdier, M. Vertessy, B.G. Viale, A. Vidal, M. Vieira, H.L.A. Vierstra, R.D. Vigneswaran, N. Vij, N. Vila, M. Villar, M. Villar, V.H. Villarroya, J. Vindis, C. Viola, G. Viscomi, M.T. Vitale, G. Vogl, D.T. Voitsekhovskaja, O.V. von Haefen, C. von Schwarzenberg, K. Voth, D.E. Vouret-Craviari, V. Vuori, K. Vyas, J.M. Waeber, C. Walker, C.L. Walker, M.J. Walter, J. Wan, L. Wan, X. Wang, B. Wang, C. Wang, C.-Y. Wang, C. Wang, C. Wang, C. Wang, D. 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Zhang, J. Zhang, J.-P. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. Zhang, M.-Y. Zhang, X. Zhang, X.D. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhao, M. Zhao, W.-L. Zhao, X. Zhao, Y.G. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Y.-X. Zhao, Z. Zhao, Z.J. Zheng, D. Zheng, X.-L. Zheng, X. Zhivotovsky, B. Zhong, Q. Zhou, G.-Z. Zhou, G. Zhou, H. Zhou, S.-F. Zhou, X.-J. Zhu, H. Zhu, H. Zhu, W.-G. Zhu, W. Zhu, X.-F. Zhu, Y. Zhuang, S.-M. Zhuang, X. Ziparo, E. Zois, C.E. Zoladek, T. Zong, W.-X. Zorzano, A. Zughaier, S.M.

Published
2016

34. Infrared Conductivity and Carrier Mobility of Large Scale Graphene on Various Substrates

Author

Byung Hee Hong, Sang Jin Kim, Chul-Ho Lee, Keun Soo Kim, JaeHoon Rho, Joo Youn Kim, Sukang Bae, and E. J. Choi

Subjects
Electron mobility, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Graphene, Carrier scattering, Biomedical Engineering, Analytical chemistry, Bioengineering, General Chemistry, Conductivity, Condensed Matter Physics, Optical conductivity, law.invention, law, Scattering rate, General Materials Science, Graphene nanoribbons, Graphene oxide paper
Abstract

It is known that low-field mobility of graphene depends largely on the substrate material on which it is transferred. We measured Drude optical conductivity of graphene on various substrates and determined the carrier density and carrier scattering rate. The carrier density varies widely depending on the substrate material. However the scattering rate is almost constant, approximately 100 cm(-1), for 5 different substrates. We calculate carrier mobility of graphene using the two quantities, i.e., carrier density and scattering rate, to find that it agrees with the mobility measured from dc transport experiment. We conclude that substrate-depent mobility of graphene originates from different carrier density but not from the scattering rate.

Published
2012

35. Cardiovascular complications in CKD 5D

Author

M. Fusaro, M. Noale, G. Tripepi, A. D'angelo, D. Miozzo, M. Gallieni, P.-V. Study Group, M. Tsamelesvili, C. Dimitriadis, A. Papagianni, C. Raidis, G. Efstratiadis, D. Memmos, R. Mutluay, C. Konca Degertekin, U. Derici, S. M. Deger, F. Akkiyal, S. Gultekin, S. Gonen, G. Tacoy, T. Arinsoy, S. Sindel, C. Sanchez-Perales, E. Vazquez, E. Merino, P. Perez Del Barrio, F. J. Borrego, M. J. Borrego, A. Liebana, M. Krzanowski, K. Janda, P. Dumnicka, A. Krasniak, W. Sulowicz, Y.-O. Kim, S.-A. Yoon, Y.-S. Yun, H.-C. Song, B.-S. Kim, M. A. Cheong, A. Pasch, S. Farese, J. Floege, W. Jahnen-Dechent, T. Ohtake, R. Furuya, M. Iwagami, D. Tsutsumi, Y. Mochida, K. Ishioka, M. Oka, K. Maesato, H. Moriya, S. Hidaka, S. Kobayashi, A. Guedes, A. Malho Guedes, A. Pinho, A. Fragoso, A. Cruz, P. Mendes, E. Morgado, I. Bexiga, A. P. Silva, P. Neves, N. Oyake, K. Suzuki, S. Itoh, S. Yano, K. Turkmen, H. Kayikcioglu, O. Ozbek, M. Saglam, A. Toker, H. Z. Tonbul, S. Gelev, L. Trajceska, E. Srbinovska, S. Pavleska, V. Amitov, G. Selim, P. Dzekova, A. Sikole, H. Bouarich, S. Lopez, C. Alvarez, I. Arribas, P. DE Sequera, D. Rodriguez, S. Tanaka, T. Kanemitsu, M. Sugahara, M. Kobayashi, L. Uchida, Y. Ishimoto, N. Kotera, S. Tanimoto, K. Tanabe, K. Hara, T. Sugimoto, N. Mise, B. Goldstein, M. Turakhia, C. Arce, W. Winkelmayer, B. E.-D. Zayed, K. Said, M. Nishimura, Y. Okamoto, T. Tokoro, M. Nishida, T. Hashimoto, N. Iwamoto, H. Takahashi, T. Ono, N. Sato, J. Raimann, L. A. Usvyat, J. Sands, N. W. Levin, P. Kotanko, M. Iwasaki, N. Joki, Y. Tanaka, N. Ikeda, T. Hayashi, S. Kubo, T.-A. Imamura, Y. Takahashi, K. Hirahata, Y. Imamura, H. Hase, K. Claes, B. Meijers, B. Bammens, D. Kuypers, M. Naesens, Y. Vanrenterghem, P. Evenepoel, G. Boscutti, L. Calabresi, M. Bosco, S. Simonelli, E. Boer, C. Vitali, M. Martone, P. L. Mattei, G. Franceschini, E. Baligh, E. El-Shafey, A. Ezaat, A. Zawada, K. Rogacev, B. Hummel, O. Grun, A. Friedrich, B. Rotter, P. Winter, J. Geisel, D. Fliser, G. H. Heine, J.-I. Makino, K.-S. Makino, T. Ito, S. Genovesi, A. Santoro, P. Fabbrini, E. Rossi, D. Pogliani, A. Stella, G. Bonforte, G. Remuzzi, S. Bertoli, C. Pozzi, S. Pasquali, L. Cagnoli, F. Conte, I. Buzadzic, J. Tosic, N. Dimkovic, Z. Djuric, J. Popovic, I. Pejin Grubisa, N. Barjaktarevic, A. DI Napoli, D. DI Lallo, M. F. Salvatori, F. Franco, S. Chicca, G. Guasticchi, M. Onofriescu, S. Hogas, V. Luminita, A. Mugurel, V. Gabriel, F. Laura, M. Irina, C. Adrian, E. Bosch, E. Baamonde, C. Culebras, G. Perez, B. El Hayek, J. I. Ramirez, A. Ramirez, C. Garcia, M. Lago, A. Toledo, M. D. Checa, T. Taira, T. Hirano, K. Nohtomi, T. Hyodo, T. Chiba, A. Saito, Y. K. Kim, E. J. Choi, C. W. Yang, Y.-S. Kim, P. S. Lim, W. Ming Ying, J. Ya-Chung, I. Zaripova, I. Kayukov, A. Essaian, A. Nimgirova, H. Young, M. Dungey, E. L. Watson, R. Baines, J. O. Burton, A. C. Smith, K. Yamazaki, M. Bossola, L. Colacicco, D. Scribano, C. Vulpio, L. Tazza, T. Okada, N. Okada, I. Michibata, T. Yura, N. Montero, M. Soler, M. Pascual, C. Barrios, E. Marquez, E. Rodriguez, M. A. Orfila, H. Cao, E. Arcos, J. Comas, J. Pascual, M. Ferrario, F. Garzotto, T. Sironi, S. Monacizzo, F. Basso, D. N. Cruz, U. Moissl, C. Tetta, M. G. Signorini, S. Cerutti, C. Ronco, I. Mostovaya, M. Grooteman, M. Van den Dorpel, L. Penne, N. Van der Weerd, A. Mazairac, C. Den Hoedt, R. Levesque, M. Nube, P. Ter Wee, M. Bots, P. Blankestijn, J. Liu, K. L. MA, X. Zhang, B. C. Liu, I.-D. Vladu, R. Mustafa, D. Cana-Ruiu, C. Vaduva, C. Grauntanu, E. Mota, R. Singh, N. Abbasian, C. Stover, N. Brunskill, J. Burton, K. Herbert, A. Bevington, M. Wu, R.-N. Tang, M. Gao, H. Liu, L. Chen, L.-L. LV, B.-C. Liu, M. Nikodimopoulou, S. Liakos, S. Kapoulas, C. Karvounis, D. Fedak, M. Kuzniewski, D. Paulina, B. Kusnierz-Cabala, M. Kapusta, B. Solnica, A. Junque, E. S. Vicent, L. Moreno, M. Fulquet, V. Duarte, A. Saurina, M. Pou, J. Macias, M. Lavado, M. Ramirez de Arellano, M. Ryuzaki, H. Nakamoto, S. Kinoshita, E. Kobayashi, C. Takimoto, T. Shishido, G. Enia, C. Torino, R. Tripepi, V. Panuccio, M. Postorino, A. Clementi, M. Garozzo, G. Bonanno, R. Boito, G. Natale, T. Cicchetti, A. Chippari, D. Logozzo, G. Alati, S. Cassani, A. Sellaro, C. Zoccali, B. Quiroga, E. Verde, S. Abad, A. Vega, M. Goicoechea, J. Reque, J. M. Lopez-Gomez, J. Luno, C. Cabre Menendez, V. Moles, J. P. Vives, D. Villa, J. Vinas, T. Compte, M. Arruche, C. Diaz, J. Soler, J. Aguilera, A. Martinez Vea, A. De Mauri, P. David, M. M. Conte, D. Chiarinotti, C. E. Ruva, M. De Leo, A.-S. Bargnoux, M. Morena, I. Jaussent, L. Chalabi, P. Bories, J.-J. Dion, P. Henri, M. Delage, A.-M. Dupuy, S. Badiou, B. Canaud, J.-P. Cristol, E. Sironi, F. Pieruzzi, E. Galbiati, M. R. Vigano, S. Anpalakhan, S. Rocha, N. Chitalia, R. Sharma, J. C. Kaski, J. Chambers, D. Goldsmith, D. Banerjee, V. Cernaro, A. Lacquaniti, R. Lupica, S. Lucisano, M. R. Fazio, V. Donato, M. Buemi, I. Segalen, U. Vinsonneau, T. Tanquerel, G. Quiniou, Y. Le Meur, E. Seibert, M. Girndt, K. Zohles, C. Ulrich, A. Kluttig, S. Nuding, C. Swenne, J. Kors, K. Werdan, R. Fiedler, N. C. Van der Weerd, M. P. Grooteman, M. A. Van den Dorpel, M. J. Nube, J. Wetzels, D. W. Swinkels, P. M. Ter Wee, A. Khandekar, J. Khandge, J. E. Lee, S. J. Moon, K. H. Choi, H. Y. Lee, B. S. Kim, E. Tuaillon, A. Rodriguez, L. Chenine, J.-P. Vendrell, Y.-M. Sue, C.-H. Tang, Y.-C. Chen, P. Segura, M. J. Garcia Cortes, J. M. Gil, M. M. Biechy, D. Poulikakos, A. Shah, M. Persson, P. Dattolo, M. Amidone, S. Michelassi, L. Moriconi, G. Betti, P. Conti, A. Rosati, A. Mannarino, V. Panichi, F. Pizzarelli, K. Klejna, B. Naumnik, E. Koc-Zorawska, M. Mysliwiec, S. Dimitrie, H. Simona, O. Mihaela, O. Gabriela, S. Radu, P. Octavian, H. Akdam, H. Akar, Y. Yenicerioglu, O. Kucuk, I. Kurt Omurlu, S. Thambiah, R. Roplekar, P. Manghat, I. Fogelman, W. Fraser, G. Hampson, E. Likaj, G. Caco, S. Seferi, M. Rroji, M. Barbullushi, N. Thereska, A. Serban, V. Carmen, S. Cristian, L. Silvia, and A. Covic

Subjects
Transplantation, medicine.medical_specialty, Nephrology, business.industry, medicine, Intensive care medicine, business
Published
2012

36. Mucosal vaccines (PP-049)

Author

M. Gohda, K. E. Klose, Y. Ami, Seyed Mohammad Moazzeni, M. Fukui, Y. E. Yoo, B. P. Arulanandam, K. Takeda, S. Tamura, D. Tokuhara, S. Yamamoto, T. Hashizume, T. Komiya, A. J. van der Vlies, Armando Stano, S. Kumar, Ali Hatef Salmanian, H. Kwon, A. Hirai, H. Ito, V. S. Zueva, J. Yu, H. S. Doo, D. E. Briles, H. Kiyono, M. Kweon, F. Miura, H. Asanuma, A. A. Justiz Vaillant, P. Sutton, J. Wee, N. Anderson, H. Takahashi, M. Takahashi, S. Akira, A. Sato, S. Sekine, T. H. Kwon, Melody A. Swartz, J. Scheerlinck, S. A. V. Moorthy, T. Sata, E. J. Choi, K. Akiyoshi, Y. J. Shin, S. Edwards, Y. Yuki, J. Song, M. W. Nam, Y. Cong, J. Maeyama, M. Yamamoto, Y. Suzuki, R. Ali, H. J. Ray, H. Hasegawa, S. Iho, D. N. Rao, Y. Du, Eleonora Simeoni, T. Nochi, K. Snibson, K. Fujihashi, M. N. Guentzel, M. Berton, M. Higuchi, J. Chiba, Karen Y. Dane, N. Yoshino, Y. Suzaki, D. Zubkov, E. S. Jeung, Jeffrey A. Hubbell, A. L. Signarovitz, A. Zubareva, A. Vujanić, S. Seo, E. Svirshchevskaya, T. Baatarjav, J. A. Yang, A. Ainai, M. Tashiro, C. Czerkinsky, A. V. Il'ina, K. Kataoka, S. A. Mulyatno, Chiara Nembrini, S. Kurokawa, S. Sawadsa, S. Sato, R. Ito, N. Par'igina, Y. Kurashima, I. Ishikawa, T. Matsuki, T. J. Kim, M. Mejima, I. Kong, H. B. Kim, Marie Ballester, E. Hashimoto, M. Smikle, J. Kunisawa, K. Okada, Y. Abiko, R. Ramasamy, T. Kurita-Ochiai, and Jafar Salimian

Subjects
Immunology, Immunology and Allergy, General Medicine
Published
2010

37. A viral PAMP double-stranded RNA induces allergen-specific Th17 cell response in the airways which is dependent on VEGF and IL-6

Author

Zhou Zhu, Y.-S. Kim, B.-S. Hong, Y.-M. Tae, Y Kim, Seong Gyu Jeon, E.-J. Choi, Yong Song Gho, and Jun Pyo Choi

Subjects
biology, business.industry, RIG-I, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, Cell, Inflammation, Molecular biology, Vascular endothelial growth factor, Ovalbumin, chemistry.chemical_compound, Immune system, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cytokine, chemistry, biology.protein, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, medicine.symptom, business, Sensitization
Abstract

To cite this article: Choi J-P, Kim Y-S, Tae Y-M, Choi E-J, Hong B-S, Jeon SG, Gho YS, Zhu Z, Kim Y-K. A viral PAMP double-stranded RNA induces allergen-specific Th17 cell response in the airways which is dependent on VEGF and IL-6. Allergy 2010; 65: 1322–1330. Abstract Background: Innate immune response by a viral pathogen-associated molecular pattern dsRNA modulates the subsequent development of adaptive immune responses. Although virus-associated asthma is characterized by noneosinophilic inflammation, the role of Th17 cell response in the development of virus-associated asthma is still unknown. Objective: To evaluate the role of the Th17 cell response and its underlying polarizing mechanisms in the development of an experimental virus-associated asthma. Methods: An experimental virus-associated asthma was created via airway sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA, 75 μg) and a low (0.1 μg) or a high (10 μg) doses of synthetic dsRNA [polyinosine–polycytidylic acid; poly(I:C)]. Transgenic (IL-17-, IL-6-deficient mice) and pharmacologic [a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitor] approaches were used to evaluate the roles of Th17 cell responses. Results: After cosensitization with OVA and low-dose poly(I:C), but not with high-dose poly(I:C), inflammation scores after allergen challenge were lower in IL-17-deficient mice than in wild-type (WT) mice. Moreover, inflammation enhanced by low-dose poly(I:C), but not by high-dose poly(I:C), was impaired in IL-6-deficient mice; this phenotype was accompanied by the down-regulation of IL-17 production from T cells from both lymph nodes and lung tissues. Airway exposure of low-dose poly(I:C) enhanced the production of VEGF and IL-6, and the production of IL-6 was blocked by treatment with a VEGFR inhibitor (SU5416). Moreover, the allergen-specific Th17 cell response and subsequent inflammation in the low-dose poly(I:C) model were impaired by the VEGFR inhibitor treatment during sensitization. Conclusions: Airway exposure of low-level dsRNA induces an allergen-specific Th17 cell response, which is mainly dependent on VEGF and IL-6.

Published
2010

38. Preparation of Biopolymer-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles for Magnetic Resonance Image Contrast Agent

Author

Y K Ahn, J H Cho, E J Choi, S G Ko, and K C Song

Subjects
Materials science, Sonication, Biomedical Engineering, Contrast Media, Metal Nanoparticles, Bioengineering, engineering.material, Crystallography, X-Ray, Microscopy, Atomic Force, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid, Biopolymers, Pulmonary surfactant, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, General Materials Science, Magnetite, X-ray, General Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ferrosoferric Oxide, Oleic acid, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Agglomerate, engineering, Biopolymer
Abstract

The magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized using the sonochemical method with oleic acid as surfactant. The average size of the magnetite particles can be controlled by the ratio R = [H2O]/[surfactant] in the range of 2 to 9 nm. The size of the magnetite nanoparticles prepared by this method shows the narrow distribution. To prepare biopolymer(beta-glucan)-coated magnetite nanoparticles, beta-glucan solution was added to the magnetic colloid suspensions under the ultrasonication at room temperature. The beta-glucan coated magnetite colloidal suspensions of various concentrations did not agglomerate for 15 days, indicating their good stability. The beta-glucan-coated magnetite colloidal suspensions exhibited the enhancement of MRI contrasts in vitro.

Published
2009

39. Genetic characterization of the Korean porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses based on the nucleocapsid protein gene (ORF7) sequences

Author

Changhee Lee, Jae-Young Song, S. H. Yoon, Byung-Oh Kim, E.-J. Choi, and In-Soo Cho

Subjects
Genotype, Swine, viruses, Molecular Sequence Data, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome, Virus, Open Reading Frames, Viral Proteins, Complete sequence, Virology, Animals, Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus, Clade, Gene, Phylogeny, Genetics, Korea, Phylogenetic tree, biology, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Nucleic acid sequence, Genetic Variation, Sequence Analysis, DNA, General Medicine, Nucleocapsid Proteins, Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, biology.organism_classification, RNA, Viral
Abstract

To investigate the genetic characteristics of the Korean porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), we determined the complete sequence of the nucleocapsid protein gene (ORF7) from 105 PRRSV isolates from all nine Korean prefectures during the years 2003 through 2006. These sequences were then analyzed along with the published ORF7 sequences for two Korean PRRS viruses (PL97-1/1997 and LMY/2002) and 36 non-Korean viruses. The ORF7 nucleotide sequence identities among the 107 Korean PRRS viruses ranged from 86.2 to 100%, corresponding to 85.4 to 100% identity at the amino acid level. All of the Korean isolates examined belonged to the North American genotype. The ORF7 gene sequence from the North American prototype virus (VR-2332) and its derived vaccine virus (Ingelvac PRRS MLV) was 90.0-100% identical to the various ORF7 sequences of the Korean isolates, with corresponding amino acid identities from 91.0 to 100%. In the phylogenetic tree obtained by neighbor-joining analysis, all of the Korean PRRSVs were divided into four groups. Our ORF7 sequence data also revealed no correlations between the date or place of collection and the distribution of PRRSV in Korea. North American genotype PRRSVs may have been introduced into Korean swine herds some time ago; these viruses apparently radiated nationwide within a relatively short period of time. Within the North American genotype PRRSVs from around the world, the Korean PRRSVs did not emerge as a single independent clade overall, and their immediate relationships with the PRRSVs from other countries could not be determined.

Published
2008

40. Effects of Excess Bismuth Content in Precursor Solutions on Ferroelectric Properties of BiFeO3 Thin Films Prepared by a Chemical Solution Deposition

Author

S. S. Kim, E. J. Choi, and Amar S. Bhalla

Subjects
Permittivity, Materials science, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Dielectric, Condensed Matter Physics, Ferroelectricity, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Bismuth, chemistry, Thin film, Chemical composition, Stoichiometry, Chemical bath deposition
Abstract

Cr-substituted BiFeO3 (BFCr) thin films prepared from precursor solutions with stoichiometric composition and various excess Bi contents ranged from 5 to 20 mol% were fabricated on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si(100) substrates by a chemical solution deposition method, and the effects of excess Bi content in precursor solutions on the ferroelectric properties of the as-deposited BFCr thin films were studied. It was found that the BFCr thin film prepared from precursor solution with excess Bi content of 5 mol% exhibited the best dielectric constant–frequency and polarization–electric field characteristics. In detail, its dielectric constant is 158 at frequency of 100 kHz and remnant polarization (P r ) value is 49 μ C/cm2 at electric field of 600 kV/cm.

Published
2007

41. Effects of Annealing Temperature on the Electrical Properties of Cr-Substituted BiFeO3Thin Films

Author

S. S. Kim, T. G. Ha, J. W. Kim, E. J. Choi, H. K. Cho, Amar S. Bhalla, Ruyan Guo, J. K. Kim, and Min-Ho Park

Subjects
Hysteresis, Materials science, Annealing (metallurgy), Doping, Analytical chemistry, Thin film, Atmospheric temperature range, Condensed Matter Physics, Current density, Ferroelectricity, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Chemical bath deposition
Abstract

Cr-substituted BiFeO 3 (BFCr-3 mol%) thin films were deposited on Pt(200)/TiO 2 /SiO 2 /Si substrates by a chemical solution deposition. The coated films were annealed in the temperature range of 500°C∼ 600°C for 30 min under nitrogen atmosphere. The electrical properties of BFCr thin films were found to be sensitive to the annealing temperature. It was found that BFCr thin films exhibited good ferroelectric properties, such as an improved leakage-current density and P−E hysteresis characteristics. The BFCr thin film annealed at 525°C exhibits a low leakage current density of 9.2 × 10− 7 A/cm 2 at an applied electric field of 100 kV/cm. The films exhibited a well-saturated hysteresis loop with a remanent polarization (P r ) of 47 μC/cm 2 at room temperature. The reason for the improved leakage current and ferroelectric properties in BFCr thin films can be attributed to the effects of increased grain size and oxygen vacancies reduced by Cr doping.

Published
2007

42. Microstructure and Electrical Properties of Cosubstituted BiFeO3Thin Films Prepared by a Chemical Solution Deposition

Author

J. K. Kim, Amar S. Bhalla, Min-Ho Park, E. J. Choi, S. S. Kim, Ruyan Guo, and J. W. Kim

Subjects
Materials science, Ionic radius, Electric field, Doping, Analytical chemistry, Thin film, Coercivity, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, Current density, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Chemical bath deposition
Abstract

5 mol % La 3 + , Nd 3 + or Y 3 + -cosubstituted BiFe 0.97 Cr 0.03 O 3 thin films (denoted by BLaFCr, BNdFCr, and BYFCr, respectively) have been successfully deposited on Pt (200)/TiO 2 /SiO 2 /Si substrates by a chemical solution deposition method. Well-saturated ferroelectric hysteresis loops and low leakage current densities have been observed in BLaFCr, BNdFCr, and BYFCr thin films with single-phase structure. The values of remanent polarization (P r ) and coercive field (E c ) were 64 μ C/cm 2 and 275 kV/cm, 61 μC/cm 2 and 290 kV/cm, and 31 μ C/cm 2 and 315 kV/cm for BLaFCr, BNdFCr and BYFCr thin films at the maximum electric field of 712 kV/cm, respectively. In the present study, the differences in values of P r seem to be related to the doped ionic radii.

Published
2006

43. Radiation from accelerated particles in relativistic jets with shocks, shear-flow, and reconnection

Author

Åke Nordlund, Yosuke Mizuno, Ioana Dutan, Dieter H. Hartmann, P. E. Hardee, J. T. Frederiksen, M. Medvedev, Jacek Niemiec, Bing Zhang, M. Pohl, K. W. Min, E. J. Choi, Ken-Ichi Nishikawa, and Helene Sol

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Electron, Plasma, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Magnetic field, Computational physics, Particle acceleration, Lorentz factor, symbols.namesake, Astrophysical jet, Deflection (physics), Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Shear flow, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

We have investigated particle acceleration and shock structure associated with an unmagnetized relativistic jet propagating into an unmagnetized plasma. Strong magnetic fields generated in the trailing jet shock lead to transverse deflection and acceleration of the electrons. We have self-consistently calculated the radiation from the electrons accelerated in the turbulent magnetic fields. We find that the synthetic spectra depend on the bulk Lorentz factor of the jet, the jet temperature, and the strength of the magnetic fields generated in the shock. We have also begun study of electron acceleration in the strong magnetic fields generated by kinetic shear (Kelvin-Helmholtz) instabilities. Our calculated spectra should lead to a better understanding of the complex time evolution and/or spectral structure from gamma-ray bursts, relativistic jets, and supernova remnants., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, 2012 Fermi Symposium proceedings - eConf C121028

Published
2013

44. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of nitrifiers in piggery wastewater treatment reactors

Author

T. K. Kim, W. C. Park, Dong-Jin Kim, E. J. Choi, Linda L. Blackall, Dae-Hee Ahn, T. H. Kim, Jurg Keller, and Zhiguo Yuan

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, biology, Environmental engineering, biology.organism_classification, Denitrifying bacteria, Activated sludge, Wastewater, Nitrifying bacteria, Environmental chemistry, Nitrification, Nitrospira, Nitrosomonas, Water Science and Technology, Waste disposal
Abstract

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to analyze the nitrifying microbial communities in an activated sludge reactor (ASR) and a fixed biofilm reactor (FBR) for piggery wastewater treatment. Heterotrophic oxidation and nitrification were occurring simultaneously in the ASR and the COD and nitrification efficiencies depend on the loads. In the FBR nitrification efficiency also depends on ammonium load to the reactor and nitrite was accumulated when free ammonia concentration was higher than 0.2 mg NH3-N/L. FISH analysis showed that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (NSO1225) and denitrifying bacteria (RRP1088) were less abundant than other bacteria (EUB338) in ASR. Further analysis on nitrifying bacteria in the FBR showed that Nitrosomonas species (NSM156) and Nitrospira species (NSR1156) were the dominant ammonia-oxidizing and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, respectively, in the piggery wastewater nitrification system.

Published
2004

45. Mössbauer Study of ZnxCu1−xFe1.2Cr0.8O4

Author

S. U. Jang, J. B. Lim, B. G. Lee, E. J. Choi, Kyung Seon Baek, Hang Nam Oak, D. H. An, and K. U. Kang

Subjects
Mössbauer effect, Condensed matter physics, Chemistry, Spinel, Analytical chemistry, engineering.material, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Magnetization, Lattice constant, Mössbauer spectroscopy, engineering, Néel temperature, Hyperfine structure, Spin canting
Abstract

ZnxCu1−xFe1.2Cr0.8O4 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) have been studied by Mossbauer spectroscopy, SQUID magnetometry, and X-ray diffraction. The crystals are found to have a cubic spinel structure, and the lattice constant a0 increases linearly with increasing Zn concentration x. The iron ions are in ferric states and occupy both the tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites; the fraction of the iron irons at the A-sites is 0.70 for x = 0 and decreases to 0.40 for x = 0.6. As the Zn concentration increases, both Neel temperature and magnetic hyperfine field decrease monotonically. While spin orderings are collinear for low Zn concentrations (x > 0.2), the spin canting emerges for x > 0.2 and increases with increasing Zn concentration; the canting angle at liquid helium temperature reaches up to 37° for x = 0.6. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Published
2004

46. Specific heat study of (Mg0.85Zn0.15)CNi3 and MgCNi3

Author

H.C. Ri, Sunghoon Jung, J. Giim, Yeon-Bog Lee, E. J. Choi, and Sung Hak Park

Subjects
Materials science, Specific heat, Condensed matter physics, Doping, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Electronic structure, BCS theory, Atmospheric temperature range, Condensed Matter Physics, Heat capacity, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Impurity, Bound state, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract

We have measured the specific heat capacity of MgCNi3 and (Mg0.85Zn0.15)CNi3 in the temperature range of 0.5 K

Published
2004

47. Physical properties of ZnCNi3: comparison with superconducting MgCNi3

Author

Sung Ik Lee, Y. W. Lee, Jin Soo Giim, E. J. Choi, Soo-Hyeon Park, and Min-Seok Park

Subjects
Superconductivity, Magnetic measurements, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Metals and Alloys, Intermetallic, Crystal structure, BCS theory, Condensed Matter Physics, Metal, Paramagnetism, visual_art, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Perovskite (structure)
Abstract

We have synthesized ZnCNi3 in which Zn replaces Mg of the superconducting intermetallic perovskite MgCNi3 ( K). Dc-resistivity and magnetic measurements show that ZnCNi3 is a paramagnetic metal without onset of superconductivity down to 2 K. Furthermore, even though the two compounds have the same lattice structure and carrier density, their low temperature specific heats are substantially different. We consider possible origins of these observations and show that the strikingly different Tc can be understood within the BCS theory.

Published
2003

48. X-ray Absorption and Photoemission Spectroscopy Study of Nd1/2A1/2Mn1-yCryO3(A=Ca, Sr)

Author

E. J. Choi, J.-S. Kang, K. H. Kim, Shinya Kasai, A. Sekiyama, S. Suga, Jae Hoon Kim, S. W. Han, and T. Kimura

Subjects
X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Valence (chemistry), Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, Photoemission spectroscopy, Analytical chemistry, Electronic structure, Condensed Matter Physics, Manganite, Spectral line, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Ion, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract

Valence states and electronic structures of Cr-doped Nd½A½MnO₃ (NAMO; A=Ca, Sr) manganites have been investigated using x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy (PES). All the Cr-doped NAMO systems exhibit the clear metallic Fermi edges in the Mn e_g PES spectra near E_F. The spectral intensity at E_F is higher for Cr-doped Nd½Sr½MnO₃ (NSMO) than for Cr-doped Nd½Ca½MnO₃ (NCMO), reflecting the stronger metallic nature for NSMO than for NCMO. The measured Cr 2p XAS spectra are found to be very similar to that of Cr₂O₃, indicating that Cr ions in Cr-doped NAMO are in the trivalent Cr³+ states (t³_(2g)). The Cr 2p XAS data are consistent with the Cr 3d PES spectra located at ~1.3 eV below EF and having no emission near E_F.

Published
2003

49. Measurement of the superconducting gap of MgB2 by point contact spectroscopy

Author

Ho Kim, Yonuk Chong, Byungdu Oh, E. J. Choi, S.H. Moon, Z. G. Khim, Hwa-Yong Lee, and Suyoun Lee

Subjects
Superconductivity, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Band gap, Ab initio, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, BCS theory, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Andreev reflection, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Magnesium diboride, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Electronic band structure, Spectroscopy
Abstract

We measured the superconducting gap of MgB2 thin films and pellets by utilizing point contact Andreev reflection method with a gold tip. From more than 100 measurements, we obtained the distribution of the superconducting gap of the material. This distribution shows two peaks, one at 2–3 meV and the other around 6–8 meV while BCS weak coupling limit predicts 5.9 meV. From temperature dependence measurements, we observed energy gap to nearly follow BCS-like behavior. These results also seem to agree well with the recent anisotropic energy gap estimation based on the ab initio calculation from the band structure of MgB2.

Published
2002

50. hTERT mediates norepinephrine-induced Slug expression and ovarian cancer aggressiveness

Author

E. J. Choi, J. H. Park, Ju-Ock Kim, Kyung Hwa Cho, Moonjung Choi, Kang Jin Jeong, S. Lee, Gordon B. Mills, Sun Young Rha, Hoi Young Lee, Jangsoon Lee, and Y. J. Bae

Subjects
Cancer Research, Slug, Mice, Nude, Tumor initiation, Metastasis, Mice, Norepinephrine, Genetics, medicine, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Gene silencing, Animals, Humans, Telomerase reverse transcriptase, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Neoplasm Metastasis, neoplasms, Molecular Biology, Telomerase, Ovarian Neoplasms, biology, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Up-Regulation, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, enzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates), embryonic structures, Immunology, Cancer cell, Cancer research, Ectopic expression, Female, Snail Family Transcription Factors, Ovarian cancer, Transcription Factors
Abstract

Stress hormones have been implicated in both tumor initiation and progression. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is overexpressed in cancer cells and associated with malignant tumor progression and poor outcome. We thus sought to determine whether the stress hormone norepinephrine (NE) could induce hTERT expression and subsequently ovarian cancer progression. Unexpectedly, NE induced hTERT transcript and protein expression, and subsequently ovarian cancer cell invasion. Pharmacologic inhibition of β2-adrenergic receptor 2 and protein kinase A, as well as silencing of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and c-Myc expression, profoundly attenuated NE-induced hTERT expression. Strikingly, stimulation of the cells with NE or ectopic expression of hTERT induced expression of Slug, ovarian cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion. Silencing of hTERT expression abrogated NE-induced ovarian cancer cell invasion, EMT and Slug expression. In addition, silencing of Slug expression significantly inhibited NE- and hTERT-induced ovarian cancer cell EMT and invasion. Moreover, continuous exposure to NE was sufficient to enhance in vivo hTERT expression and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells to the lung. Finally, we provide evidence that hTERT links Src to Slug expression in NE-induced ovarian cancer EMT and metastasis. We thus demonstrate a novel role of hTERT in stress hormone-induced ovarian cancer aggressiveness through inducing Slug, providing novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer.

Published
2014

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