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Background. In phthisiology, all recurrent respiratory tract infections are considered risk factors for tuberculosis (TB) in children. A differentiated assessment of the predictive value of recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections will improve the effectiveness of selective TB screening.The aim. To carry out a differentiated assessment of the predictive value of recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children with tuberculosis and HIV coinfection.Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective study (2010–2020) of the anamnestic prevalence of recurrent respiratory tract infections in 249 children divided into 4 groups: 72 healthy children (HC); TB – 65 children with tuberculosis; TB/HIV – 56 children with HIV-associated TB; HIV – 65 children with HIV infection.Results. Recurrent lower respiratory tract infections were detected in the anamnesis of 15 (23 %) children of the TB group and in 3 (4 %) children of the HC group (p < 0.001; odds ratio (OR) – 8.6). Lower respiratory tract infections were most common during the year preceding TB disease (11 out of 15 cases), within 2 years before the inclusion of children in the study – in 4 out of 15 cases (p = 0.027; OR = 11.0). In the TB/HIV group, the prevalence of lower respiratory tract infections compared to the HIV group was established only during the year preceding TB – 24 out of 33 cases (73 %) versus 10 out of 34 cases (29 %) in the HIV group (χ2 = 10.9; p = 0.001; OR = 6.4). The occurrence of upper respiratory tract infections in pairs of HC group – TB group and HIV group – TB/HIV group had no statistical differences.Conclusion. The predictor of TB in children regardless of their HIV status is the recurrent lower respiratory tract infections, registered during the year preceding the TB disease. The recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract do not affect the realization of TB in children, regardless of their HIV status.

The article presents the results of a microbiological study of wound fluid from 97 patients with diabetes mellitus. Of 126 isolated strains, the leading pathogens were bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus (54%), Enterococcus (14%), and Streptococcus (13%). The leading pathogen among gram-negative bacteria was Escherichia coli (5%). Nonfermentative gram-negative bacteria amounted for 3% and were represented by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2%) and Asintobacter (1%) bacteria. High activity of amoxiclav, imipenem and cefoperazone/sulbactam in the majority of both gram-positive and gram-negative cultures was noted. Sensitivity to fluoroquinolones ranged from 75% to 100%. Levofloxacin and moxifloxacin were the most active. To treat 14 patients, we used an intraarterial method of continuous infusion of levofloxacin (500 mg/day) and sequential administration of isoximere bromide (polyoxidonium - PO, 12 mg/day) through a permanent implanted catheter device. Complex therapy led to a rapid regression of clinical manifestations of the infectious and pain syndromes followed by granulation and epithelization of the wound. Undesirable effects are not recorded in any patient throughout the course of therapy (10-12 days).

4324 patients with a basic diagnosis of urolithiasis were examined from 2010 to 2015. 2372 strains were isolated, the leading uropathogens were the bacteria of the genus Enterococcus and Escherichia coii. The high activity of phosphomycin against both gram-positive and gram-negative cultures was noted, which makes it possible to recommend this drug as prophylaxis, in particular for endoscopic procedures. Because of the high resistance of most uropathogens (29% and more), as well as the possible selection of multiresistant pathogens, fluoroquinolones should not be routinely prescribed and should be used in the presence of confirmed sensitivity to them, as well as for suspected infections of the upper urinary tract.

The system of epidemiological surveillance of community-acquired pneumonia (VP) in the Russian Federation (RF) has changed since 2011. As a result, additional opportunities have emerged for a comparative analysis of the incidence of EP and ARVI. The goal is to give a comparative description of the incidence of CAP and ARVI by age groups, territories and seasonality, taking into account the results of a selective laboratory examination of patients.Materials and methods. A retrospective descriptive epidemiological study on the results of epidemiological surveillance at the regional level (Irkutsk Region, 2012–2016) was conducted. For 2016, the dynamics of the patient’s number with influenza and acute respiratory viral infections (n = 706460) and VP (n = 15279) reported by weeks, as well as the results of selective PCR examination of 1788 patients for 13 viral and bacterial pathogens were analyzed.Results. Over 5 years, the incidence of the VP increased from 377.6 (370.0–385.2) per 100 thousand to 588.3 (578.7–597.9), the average annual growth rate was + 35.8%. At the same time, the incidence of ARVI decreased at an average annual rate of –2.9%. When comparing the incidence of CAP and ARVI in municipalities, it was found weakly correlation only (ρ = 0.172, p> 0.05). In contrast, in the analysis of seasonality, a direct strong correlation was found between SARS and EP by weeks of the year (ρ = 0.887, p

Follow-up observation of 44 patients who had cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) in the first months of life with the assessment of the health status of these children in terms was conducted during more than 7 years (control group consisted of healthy children). The study of course and outcomes of CMV infection of the first months of life showed that up to school period 43 % of patients had formed chronic pathology and 14,2 % of children at early age formed group of "children with disability". The structure formed chronic pathology up to school period in almost all parameters values. In main group central nervous system pathology occurred 4 times more often (р < 0,001), allergy - 3 times more often (p = 0,05), the pathology of the cardiovascular system - 3 times more often, endocrine pathology - 3 times more often, pathology of gastrointestinal tract and hepatobiliary system - 5 times more often.