Search

Liquid-phase adsorption in multistage adsorbers operating in a cyclic mode is theoretically described for various types of kinetic problems and methods for expressing the equilibrium concentration. Formulas obtained using matrix algebra and the theory of analytical functions enable one to correctly design adsorbers.

The basic premises of the scientific-technical conception of perfection of traditional methods of adsorption purification based on the use of granulated and ground sorbents were analyzed. The expediency and efficiency of using cyclic regimes in tray-contact adsorbers was justified as a priority direction of the idea. Tasks for the further progressive introduction of the leading technology and equipment in adsorption purification practice were formulated.

The internal diffusion kinetics of liquid-phase adsorption of caprolactam by carbon sorbents were investigated. The effective internal diffusion coefficients were determined. A method of evaluating the correctness of the experimentally found values of the effective internal diffusion coefficient was developed for microporous sorbents.

A method of calculating the material resources utilization factorη m of the no-waste index was refined. The method is based on material balance of production (process) by components. A correlation was established between the characteristics of each element of a chemical technological system (CTS) and its topology, which can be used to correctly assess the degree of the no-waste character with consideration of the scale transition to the technological planning stage. New dependences were proposed for calculating the ecological safety factor which are valid for any ratio of the maximum permissible emission to the overall emissions.

Low- and medium-temperature regeneration of active carbons saturated with caprolactam was investigated in regenerating medium (nitrogen, vapor–gas mixture) and without it. The optimum conditions of conducting the process were determined. The results of laboratory studies of thermal regeneration of active carbons were confirmed in experimental-industrial tests.

Caprolactam was removed from local wastewaters in an experimental-industrial adsorption installation operating in a variable-cycle mode. The results of the study demonstrated the promise of using and the expediency of duplication of adsorbers with separate transport of the solid phase for purification of lactam waters.

Possible methods of purification of dyes from spinning baths in production of fibers from solutions of polymers were examined. The outlook for the adsorption method of purification of spinning baths and optimum versions of the equipment formulation were demonstrated.

A procedure has been developed for selecting microporous sorbents for the clean-up of waste water, which takes into account overall the diverse technological characteristics of adsorbers.

Absorbers with a three-phase fluidized bed (centralized clean-up) and straight-through injectors (local clean-up) are very effective for decontaminating ventilation discharges containing caprolactam. The absorption process has been calculated in the recirculation of the absorbing agent in a closed loop.

A formula is given for evaluating the efficiency of using the method of shielding technological solutions. A satisfactory correlation has been found between the calculated and experimental data. Shielding technological solutions makes it possible to reduce losses of toxic and valuable substances in the manufacture of man-made fibres from polymer solutions and in other branches of industry.