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Karamken was one of the most-productive gold-processing plants of the former Soviet Union located in the Magadan Region of the Russian North Far East. This paper discusses the causes, environmental damage and current geo-ecological conditions at the site facility after the accidental breakage of the storage pond in 2009 following industrial activity termination of this state enterprise (1994). The amassed water-saturated tailings from the mineral processing amounted ~280,000 m3, corresponding to a total mass weight of 340,000 tons. The on-site multi-proxy investigations indicate synergic effects of hydrogeology, meteorology, engineering and human factors to have accounted for this major technical and environmental disaster. Piled sedimentary waste masses mobilized by removal of the dam-protective construction components initiated a water leakage into the main dam body and its eventual failure. Activated thixotropic processes of plagioclase clay-enriched sediments in conjunction with heavy machinery works on top of the 27 m-high frontal levee above destabilized permafrost grounds together with lack of the facility maintenance are the main causes for this industrial accident. The outburst of the accumulated deposits spilled large quantities of toxic elements stored in the pulverized saturated tailings, poisoning ground waters and causing severe damage to the local riverine ecosystem and fishery, as well as destruction of the nearby town with human casualties. The identified spillage risk factors could be used to forecast the stability of other similar facilities in the sub-Arctic areas.

The transformation of the formation conditions of natural freshwater resources caused by the construction of a water reservoir in the Kolyma River valley is considered. Water resources in the winter low-water season downstream the dam were found to increase many times, and a new groundwater recharge area appeared in the river valley between reservoir upper reaches and Ust’-Srednekan Settl. An increase in seepage loss from the reservoir cannot be ruled out, the more so after the construction of the Ust-Srednekansk Hydropower Plant.

Exponential grow of volume, increased quality of data in current and incoming sky surveys open new horizons for astrophysics but require new approaches to data processing especially big data technologies and cloud computing. This work presents a MapReduce-based approach to solve a major and important computational task in astrophysics - raw astronomical image data processing.

The significant role of the drainage area’s geological background in the formation of the groundwater runoff in the active water-exchange zone was revealed for the first time on the basis of long-term observations of streams of the Upper Kolyma River region during the autumn-winter low-water period, when the rivers are fed only by the groundwater recharge. The analysis of all the available data made it possible to define the characteristic periods in the autumn-winter low-water season. The waters of the seasonally thawed layer play the dominant role in the river’s recharge in September; the suprapermafrost water, in January; and the subgelisol water (nonfreezing water streams) during the 30-day-long period of the minimal flow. The quantitative parameters of the groundwater runoff corresponding to its module during this period reflect the water influx to the active water-exchange zone. It is established that the latter is minimal in the In’yali-Debin synclinorium, which consists of sedimentary rocks formed in deepwater trough environments. Their subsequent transformation proceeded under the action of subduction-accretionary and shear strains. The water availability in the active water-exchange in the Ayan-Yuryakh anticlinorium zone is substantially higher, although the Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic sedimentary formations of this area were also deposited in deepwater trough settings, but their subsequent evolution was related to the uplift of the anticlinorium. The maximal watering is observed in the active water-exchange zone of the Omulevka terrane, which is composed of Paleozoic terrigenous-carbonate and carbonate formations. The differences in the hydrogeological regimes of the terranes may be significant with respect to their geoecology.

A combination of hidden NS- and neotectonic EW-trending faults exert control on the distribution of very large ore deposits. At the same time, the largest potentially petroleum-bearing regions of northeastern Russia are known to be associated with the same fault zones within Late Cretaceous sedimentary basins and offshore areas of the East Siberian, Chukchi, and Bering seas, as well as the Sea of Okhotsk.

The complex characteristics of the main formation factors, the occurrence conditions, and the composition of the groundwaters are considered with a description of the cryogenic and hydrogeological features of the Okhotsk Sea coast from the Urak River mouth in the west to Taigonos Peninsula in the east. It is shown that the geological structure of the inner and outer zones of the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanogenic belts is a decisive factor in determining the permafrost and hydrogeological conditions in the coastal zone against the background of the uniform climatic conditions along the entire coast. The inner zone of the belt is characterized by the most favorable conditions for the intense water exchange. The regional deep drainage during the Late Pleistocene Cryochron, the subsequent global warming, and the transgression of the Sea of Okhotsk in the initial Holocene were responsible for the formation of the hydrogeochemical zoning in the sedimentary cover of the artesian basins and development of the zone of fracture and fracture-vein chloride brackish and saline waters in the coastal hydrogeological structures. New data indicating the geoecological significance of the defined regularities are presented.

The NE USSR is an area of great interest for oil and gas exploration. Geochemical prospecting methods are particularly useful in areas of permafrost, and the efficiency of these methods has been established by tests in the Anadyr and Khatyrka Basins.

Double patterning (DP) technology is one of the main candidates for RET of critical layers at 32nm hp. DP technology is a strong RET technique that must be considered throughout the IC design and post tapeout flows. We present a complete DP technology strategy including a DRC/DFM component, physical synthesis support and mask synthesis. In particular, the methodology contains: - A DRC-like layout DP compliance and design verification functions; - A parameterization scheme that codifies manufacturing knowledge and capability; - Judicious use of physical effect simulation to improve double-patterning quality; - An efficient, high capacity mask synthesis function for post-tapeout processing; - A verification function to determine the correctness and qualify of a DP solution; Double patterning technology requires decomposition of the design to relax the pitch and effectively allows processing with k1 factors smaller than the theoretical Rayleigh limit of 0.25. The traditional DP processes Litho-Etch-Litho- Etch (LELE) [1] requires an additional develop and etch step, which eliminates the resolution degradation which occurs in multiple exposure processed in the same resist layer. The theoretical k1 for a double-patterning technology applied to a 32nm half-pitch design using a 1.35NA 193nm imaging system is 0.44, whereas the k1 for a single-patterning of this same design would be 0.22 [2], which is sub-resolution. This paper demonstrates the methods developed at Mentor Graphics for double patterning design compliance and decomposition in an effort to minimize the impact of mask-to-mask registration and process variance. It also demonstrates verification solution implementation in the chip design flow and post-tapeout flow.

For magnetic measurements serial teslameter type H1-8 in a range (100divide110) mT1 that has an error no more plusmn0,15 % is used. For the operative temperature stability checking in a range of temperatures (18divide100) degC of magnets to be used in microwave devices the new method and additional device were developed. The magnets from alloy CS-25 of different manufactures have disorder of values of reversible temperature coefficient of an induction from - 1,9 % up to - 4,8 % on 100degC as has been shown. The effect of samples form on measurements is not shown

Circumpolar subarctic boreal forest ecosystems are subject to change from a variety of agents and processes. Climate warming predicted by many GCMs indicates that regions north of 60°N may be subjected to major warming in coming decades, producing increased permafrost thaw, altered vegetation distribution and biological productivity, and perhaps release of large quantities of stored organic carbon into the global carbon cycle. Research into change in ecosystems can entail use of ecosystem “samples,” i.e., sectors of landscape such as catchments (watersheds) which are representative of the larger ecoregion and available for repeated, long-term measurement and analysis. Boreal forest research and monitoring programs have been established in hydrologically-defined catchments in discontinuous-permafrost regions at 65°N, 148°W in the Yukon-Tanana Uplands of central Alaska, and at 62°N, 158°W in the Kolyma River headwaters of Magadan Oblast, northeastern Russia. These sites are available for sustained research into global change.

The theory of a basically new type of the volume high-pressure discharge with the electron production being maintained by means of photoionization of the electron-excited particles (electrophotoionized (EPI) discharge) is developed. This discharge may be used for pumping powerful lasers in the UV and visible band.

This paper describes the evolution of a concept for a technological laser for industrial use. It consists of a collation of texts published by the authors and their colleagues in the U.S.S.R. over the past decade. A laser system which can run on multiple wavelengths, operate in CW, and long or short repetitive pulse modes, and which can operate economically was the design goal. Each section of this paper addresses one of the problems to be solved and indicates how it was solved. The end result is a laser system which uses a coupled turbocompressor and refrigerator to supply the gas flow and temperature control. The gas which expands and cools in the refrigeration turbine also supplies a portion of the power required by the turbocompressor. This system can operate on CO or CO 2 , thus serving as a source of mid-and far-infrared radiation in either the CW or pulse repetition mode. A five gas mixture (to conserve helium) and a silica gel gas purifier (in place of a catalytic converter) are proposed for their economic advantages.