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The MUNES project (MUltidisciplinary NEutron Source) aims at the realization of an intense accelerator-based source of thermal neutrons, suitable for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). This exploits the interaction of 5 MeV protons onto a beryllium target, producing a fast neutron spectrum, which is moderated to the thermal range by a large assembly made of a Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tank filled with heavy water, surrounded by graphite blocks. The thermal neutron field is extracted through a bismuth beam port. The microdosimetric characterization of this field was performed using a cylindrical avalanche-confinement Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counter (TEPC) equipped with interchangeable cathode walls, positioned in front of the beam port. Measurements were taken both with a boron-doped wall and with an undoped one. The comparison of the two microdosimetric distributions allows to distinguish the relative dose contribution due to alpha particles and lithium ions from the BNC reaction from that of photons and other particles from neutron interactions on the cathode walls. The Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) was also calculated from the convolution of the measured spectra with a biological weighting function. This paper describes the experimental microdosimetric approach and the results of measurements with a boron-loaded cathode performed for the first time at an accelerator-based BNCT source.

In nuclear physics experiments, high voltage platforms are fundamental both for initial acceleration of ions and for mass spectrometers of exotic nuclei. These devices require a well defined beam energy, that poses challenging requests to high voltage design, rising the question of which electrode design rules are necessary for a stable voltage operation, since tolerable energy rms relative fluctuation are in the 10–5 order. Dependence of mass resolution from several platform component perfomance is discussed, including the ion source specifications, the ion beam emittance and the platform voltage stability, related to ripple from power supplies, and to microdischarges, whose possibility is to be suppressed with accurate electrode and acceleration tube design. In the example of the High Resolution Mass Spectrometer under construction in Legnaro, a comparatively moderate voltage V p ≅ 120 kV together with a reduced energy spread (and emittance) in the injection line gives the desired mass resolution of 1 : 20000, as shown by theory and simulation; some platform features are also described.

The Linear IFMIF (International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility) Prototype Accelerator (LIPAc) is aiming at demonstrating the low energy section of a 40 MeV/125 mA IFMIF deuteron accelerator up to 9 MeV with a full beam current in cw operation. For such a high-power beam, the LIPAc injector is required to produce a 100 keV D

The Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator (LIPAc) is a high intensity D+ linear accelerator; demonstrator of the International Fusion Material Irradiation Facility (IFMIF). In summer 2019 the IFMIF/EVEDA Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerated its nominal 125 mA deuteron (D+) beam current up to 5 MeV, with 90% transmission for pulses of 1 ms at 1 Hz. This success was possible thanks to an intense previous campaign of modelization and measurements in order to characterize the RFQ input beam, which is affected by the ECR ion source extraction and the low energy beam transport. The simulation models used with the measurement benchmarks are here presented.

The ADIGE (Acceleratore Di Ioni a Grande carica Esotici) injector consists of an electrostatic 1+ beam line, equipped with ion sources able to produce a wide variety of beams, coupled to a magnetic beam line, where charge multiplication is accomplished by implementing an Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) based charge breeder. The injector is totally integrated in the SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) beam line, to allow the post-acceleration of radioactive ions and is now in an advanced phase of installation. The electrostatic 1+beam line has been put into operation and is now producing beams from alkali metals. This contribution concerns the first results of the beam commissioning of this part of the injector, with the description of the initial debug phase and the solutions adopted to ensure a reliable and continuous operation. Preliminary results of the 1+ beam line characterization will be shown, with a comparison between simulated and measured emittances.

During 2018, the PIAVE superconducting linac injector at INFN-LNL, based on superconducting RFQs and two cryomodules with quarter wave resonators, underwent a renovation plan. This operation was strictly related to the one carried out on ALPI [1], which will become a post-accelerator for both stable and exotic beams in a near future. PIAVE Quarter Wave Resonator (QWR) cryomod-ules, in operation since 2006, were moved to ALPI to be used for the acceleration of both stable beams and future exotic beams delivered from the cyclotron target-ion-source station, after appropriate purification, charge breeding and pre-acceleration stages. In order to cope with the removal of the two QWR cryomodules in PIAVE, a newly designed 80 MHz room temperature buncher was designed, built and tested: the buncher is required so as to match the longitudinal phase space between PIAVE su-perconducting RFQs (SRFQ1 and SRFQ2) and ALPI. In the same period, substantial refurbishments on the ECR ion source platform were carried out, in particular on its infrastructure and safety equipment. A problem on an electronic component on SRFQ2, though quickly fixed, delayed beam commissioning of the PIAVE injector, which will start at the end of May 2019., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

Superconducting RFQs (SRFQs), the first SC RFQs ever made operational for users, have been operated on the PIAVE SC heavy ion linac injector at INFN-Legnaro since 2006. The structure is split into two resonators and is limited to the accelerating RFQ sections. The resonators had never exceeded 80% of the design accelerating fields. In 2015, an upgrade plan started, aimed at increasing the accelerating fields, while improving their slow and fast tuning systems, repairing degraded components, imple-menting a LASER alignment method. The upgrade plan was successfully concluded in summer 2017. The resona-tors were kept stably locked for days at a field larger than the nominal one. Eventually, a test beam was accelerated successfully for 72 hours, with negligible locking issues. SRFQs entered once again routine operation in December 2017. The new features will allow to accelerate heavy ions with an A/q value as high as 8.5 (versus a former maximum A/q=7.5), allowing operation of the very first accelerated uranium beams at INFN-LNL, after the relat-ed authorizations shall have been issued., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

During the EVEDA (engineering validation and engineering design activities) phase of the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) project, a 125 mA/9 MeV linear prototype accelerator (LIPAc) has to be built, tested and operated in Rokkasho-mura (Japan). Involved in this project for several years, CEA-Saclay designed the injector of this accelerator which is composed of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source, delivering a 140 mA deuteron beam at 100 keV, and a low energy beam transport (LEBT) line to match the beam for the injection into the radio-frequency quadrupole. In this paper, the components of the LIPAc injector are described. The commissioning of the ion source and LEBT with beam started in November 2014. The different phases of the commissioning are explained and some noticeable experimental results obtained with a beam at 100 keV are presented.

[ES] En los estudios superiores, al igual que en los demás contextos educativos, no basta con adquirir una serie de conocimientos, es indispensable reflexionar sobre los propios procesos cognitivos para tomar decisiones autónomas y fundamentadas respecto de los aprendizajes. Aprender va mucho más allá de las cuestiones cognitivas, las emociones puestas en juego y las posibilidades de reflexionar respecto de los aprendizajes resultan decisivas en los complejos procesos de construcción de conocimientos. El objetivo del estudio es analizar aspectos metacognitivos vinculados al aprendizaje académico de estudiantes de primer año del Profesorado en Educación Inicial de la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto y del Instituto Superior María Inmaculada (Argentina). En la primera parte de la investigación, los estudiantes respondieron a un cuestionario general referido a prácticas y hábitos de estudio y a un inventario de patrones de aprendizaje: ILS (Vermunt, 1998). Luego, se realizaron entrevistas grupales con los estudiantes con el propósito de conocer diferentes puntos de vista respecto de las prácticas de estudio, aprendizaje y enseñanza en la educación superior. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de los participantes requieren de regulaciones externas para desarrollar los procesos de aprendizaje. Se observan ciertas dificultades en la autorregulación de los procesos de lectura, escritura y en el estudio en general. Se propone desarrollar estrategias innovadoras que promuevan en los estudiantes prácticas reflexivas y metacognitivas respecto de los aprendizajes en contextos académicos., [ES] In college, as in other educational contexts, not enough to acquire a body of knowledge, it is essential to think about the cognitive processes to make independent and informed decisions regarding learning. Learning goes beyond cognitive issues, emotions and the posssibilities of think over of learning are critical in the complex processes of knowledge construction. The purpose of the study is to analyze metacognitive aspects related to academic learning on first year students of Kindergarten Teacher at the Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto and Intituto Superior María Inmaculada (Argentina). At the first part of the research, students answered a general questionnaire on practices and habits of study and an inventory of learning patterns: ILS (Vermunt, 1998). Then, we conducted group interviews with students in order to acknowledge different views regarding the study practices, learning and teaching in contexts of higher education. The results show that most of students require external regulations to develop learning processes. We observe some difficulties in self-regulation of reading processes, writing and study in general. It is proposed to develop innovative strategies to promote thoughtful and metacognitive practices in students concerning learning in academic contexts.

Victims of electrical burns account for approximately 5% of admissions to major burn centers. The first case of visceral injury caused by electrical burns was described in 1927 by Simonin, who reported perforation of the small intestine. Other rare cases were reported over the following years. The colon and small intestine were the organs most frequently affected. Less frequently involved organs were the heart, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, lung, and kidney. We highlight the potential fatal visceral injuries after the electrical trauma. This study provides a review on this topic and proposes a management flowchart that should be adopted by the multidisciplinary team to treat these patients. Conclusion: Visceral injuries are rare in electrical burns victims, but it can be severe and are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, sometimes requiring a more interventional approach.

Negative ion sources are a fundamental component of advanced Neutral Beam Injectors (NBI), which needs to be strongly optimized in the perspective of DEMO reactor. A relatively compact RF ion source, named NIO1, with 9 beam apertures for a total H -current of 130 mA, 60kV accelaration voltage, is being tested and installed at Padua, in Consorzio RFX, to provide a test bench for source optimizations in the framework of the accompanying activities insupport to the ITER NBI test facility. Source magnetic configuration is a minimum B magnetic bottle, which requires placing magnets also behind the RF coil. There are three acceleration grids, named plasma grid, extraction grid and postacceleration grid, followed by a repeller electrode for a better control of the space charge compensation of the extracted beam. Accelerated H -can be dumped on calorimeter with 283 small sampling holes, and a segmented cooling circuit. Most critical cooling circuits were obtained with electrodeposition techniques, while numerous cooling channel for source magnet multipoles were carved in copper and closed by brazing, aiming at sustaining a continuous beam power of 9 kW and rf power below 5 kW. Plan and status of the overall installation, including the 70 kV/ 50 kVA insulation transformer powering a high voltage deck and a optical cavity ring down spectrometer are here summarized and reported. Plasma and low voltage beam operations are discussed. Development of the Fast Emittance Scanner and preliminary tests of sampling beam calorimeter atLNL are also discussed.

The NIO1 (Negative Ion Optimization phase 1) project consists of a multiaperture negative ion source mounted on a 60 kV accelerating column; up to 9 beamlets (15 mA H- each one) arranged in 3 x 3 matrix with 14 mm spacing can be extracted. The moderate size and the modular concept make some relative rotation of the source magnetic filter and the electrodes possible, so that the effect of crossed and aligned field can be easily compared. Other goals of source experimental program are emittance (and beam profile) measurement at several distances (for simulation code validation), testing of diagnostic components and of radiofrequency coupling. A full set of construction drawing was completed; also the Fast Emittance Scanner (FES) and its vacuum chambers were built (four mounting positions are reserved to FES). Some low power rf matching boxes were developed for a test plasma, approximately half the source size. A cesium oven compatible with NIO1 is being also developed; by using some industrial standard 100 W heaters (with a proper driver) a careful control of temperature is planned.

The construction of the Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) Facility SPES‐DT, within the framework of the new European RIB panorama is under study at the Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro. The present project will be devoted to the production of neutron rich exotic nuclei, by using the fission process induced by a 40 MeV proton beam, 200 μA current, on a multi‐sliced Uranium Carbide (UCx) target. The UCx multiple thin disks target, developed at LNL is designed so that the power released by the proton beam is mainly dissipated by irradiation. Following the idea of the existing HRIBF facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (USA) where a proton primary beam of 40 MeV is also used, our target configuration is an evolution which permits to sustain a higher power on target. A high number of fission products (up to 1013 fission/s) will be obtained, still keeping a low power density deposition inside the target. The whole facility, together with the details on the Direct Target configuration, will be described. Thermo‐mec...

PIAVE is the new injector of the LNL superconducting heavy ion linac ALPI; the injector is able to accelerate ions up to U (A/q=8.5) with a final energy of more than 1 MeV/u. During the last two months of 2004 the superconducting RFQ, composed by two Nb structures operating at 80 MHz, has been commissioned using the O3+and Xe18+beams produced by the 14.4 GHz ECRIS Alice. The beam has been accelerated up to 587 keV/u reaching the main design parameters (energy, transverse emittance, transmission) and demonstrating a stable and reproducible operation. This is the first operational beam accelerated by a superconducting RFQ.

The SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) project for a national exotic beam facility in Legnaro includes pivotal upgrades of the existing superconducting linac ALPI (Acceleratore Lineare Per Ioni), to make it appropriate as the RIB (Radioactive Ion Beam) accelerator. The new injector, consisting of an Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR)-type charge breeder and a radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ), will be described. Upgrade measures in ALPI to improve beam transmission and final energy, and handle low-intensity RIB will be explained, with the aim of increasing transmission to T > 90%, Ef by ~ 20%, reaching 10 MeV/u for the reference beam 132 Sn.

SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) is an INFN project to develop a Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) facility as an intermediate step toward EURISOL. The SPES project is part of the INFN Road Map for the Nuclear Physics development in Italy and is supported by the whole Italian Nuclear Physics community and mainly by LNL and LNS the INFN National Laboratories of Nuclear Physics in Legnaro and Catania. The Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL) was chosen as the site for the facility construction due to the presence of the PIAVE-ALPI accelerator complex, which will be used as re-accelerator for the RIBs. The SPES project is based on the ISOL method with an UCx Direct Target and makes use of a proton driver of at least 40 MeV energy and 200 microA current. Neutron-rich radioactive beams will be produced by Uranium fission at an expected fission rate in the target in the order of 1013 fissions per second. The key feature of SPES is to provide high intensity and high-quality beams of neutron rich nuclei to perform forefront research in nuclear structure, reaction dynamics and interdisciplinary fields like medical, biological and material sciences. The exotic isotopes will be re-accelerated by the ALPI superconducting linac at energies up to 10AMeV for masses in the region of A=130 amu with an expected rate on target of 109 pps.

Installation of SPES source at LNL was finished in July 2006 and the first beam was extracted in September 2006. Commissioning results confirmed very good performance of the extracted current density. Conversely, source reliability was very poor due to glow-discharge phenomena, which were caused by the ion source axial magnetic field protruding in the high-voltage column. This problem was fixed by changing the stainless steel plasma electrode support with a ferromagnetic one. This new configuration required us to recalculate ion source solenoids positions and fields in order to recover the correct resonance pattern. Details on magnetic simulations and experimental results of high voltage column shielding are presented.

Task 7 - Deliverable D2