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Monitoring pressure inside hermetically sealed vessels typically relies on devices that have direct contact with the fluid inside. Gaining this access requires a hole through the wall of the vessel, which creates potential for leaks, ruptures, and complete failures. To solve this, noninvasive solutions utilize external sensors that relate vessel-wall behavior to internal pressure. However, existing noninvasive techniques require permanently attaching sensors to a unique vessel and then monitoring for changes in the vessel. We present a noninvasive pressure monitoring technique based on acoustic resonance spectroscopy (ARS) and machine learning (ML) that enables estimating pressure in a vessel similar to those it was trained on and does not require sensors to be permanently attached. We train k-nearest neighbor (KNN) regressor models using experimentally gathered acoustic resonance spectra to estimate the pressure in six stainless-steel vessels. We demonstrate accurate estimation of the pressure inside the vessels when training and testing using spectra taken exclusively from an individual vessel, and when performing cross-validation between vessels. The acoustic technique presented in this paper finds broad applications across industry to monitor pressure in systems where having permanent sensors is undesirable, such as complicated pneumatic systems, vacuum sealed foods, and more.

The world’s reptiles and amphibians are experiencing dramatic and ongoing losses in biodiversity, changes that can have substantial effects on ecosystems and human health. In 2022, the first Global Amphibian and Reptile Disease Conference was held, using One Health as a guiding principle. The conference showcased knowledge on numerous reptile and amphibian pathogens from several standpoints, including epidemiology, host immune defenses, wild population effects, and mitigation. The conference also provided field experts the opportunity to discuss and identify the most urgent herpetofaunal disease research directions necessary to address current and future threats to reptile and amphibian biodiversity.

Introduction Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric condition that frequently originates in early development and is associated with a variety of functional impairments. Despite a large functional neuroimaging literature on ADHD, our understanding of the neural basis of this disorder remains limited, and existing primary studies on the topic include somewhat divergent results. Objectives The present meta-analysis aims to advance our understanding of the neural basis of ADHD by identifying the most statistically robust patterns of abnormal neural activation throughout the whole-brain in individuals diagnosed with ADHD compared to age-matched healthy controls. Methods We conducted a meta-analysis of task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation studies of ADHD. This included, according to PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive PubMed search and predetermined inclusion criteria as well as two independent coding teams who evaluated studies and included all task-based, whole-brain, fMRI activation studies that compared participants diagnosed with ADHD to age-matched healthy controls. We then performed multilevel kernel density analysis (MKDA) a well-established, whole-brain, voxelwise approach that quantitatively combines existing primary fMRI studies, with ensemble thresholding (p

Progress in leveraging current and emerging high-performance computing infrastructures using traditional weather and climate models has been slow. This has become known more broadly as the software productivity gap. With the end of Moore's law driving forward rapid specialization of hardware architectures, building simulation codes on a low-level language with hardware-specific optimizations is a significant risk. As a solution, we present Pace, an implementation of the nonhydrostatic FV3 dynamical core and GFDL cloud microphysics scheme which is entirely Python-based. In order to achieve high performance on a diverse set of hardware architectures, Pace is written using the GT4Py domain-specific language. We demonstrate that with this approach we can achieve portability and performance, while significantly improving the readability and maintainability of the code as compared to the Fortran reference implementation. We show that Pace can run at scale on leadership-class supercomputers and achieve performance speeds 3.5–4 times faster than the Fortran code on GPU-accelerated supercomputers. Furthermore, we demonstrate how a Python-based simulation code facilitates existing or enables entirely new use cases and workflows. Pace demonstrates how a high-level language can insulate us from disruptive changes, provide a more productive development environment, and facilitate the integration with new technologies such as machine learning.

IntroductionOne of the most important emerging infectious diseases of amphibians is caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal). Bsal was recently discovered and is of global concern due to its potential to cause high mortality in amphibians, especially salamander species. To date, little has been reported on the pathophysiological effects of Bsal; however, studies of a similar fungus, B. dendrobatidis (Bd), have shown that electrolyte losses and immunosuppression likely play a key role in morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. The goal of this study was to investigate pathophysiological effects and immune responses associated with Bsal chytridiomycosis using 49 rough-skinned newts (Taricha granulosa) as the model species.MethodsTaricha granulosa were exposed to a 1 × 107 per 10 mL dose of Bsal zoospores and allowed to reach various stages of disease progression before being humanely euthanized. At the time of euthanasia, blood was collected for biochemical and hematological analyses as well as protein electrophoresis. Ten standardized body sections were histologically examined, and Bsal-induced skin lesions were counted and graded on a scale of 1–5 based on severity.ResultsResults indicated that electrolyte imbalances and dehydration induced by damage to the epidermis likely play a major role in the pathogenesis of Bsal chytridiomycosis in this species. Additionally, Bsal-infected, clinically diseased T. granulosa exhibited a systemic inflammatory response identified through alterations in complete blood counts and protein electrophoretograms.DiscussionOverall, these results provide foundational information on the pathogenesis of this disease and highlight the differences and similarities between Bsal and Bd chytridiomycosis.

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and B. salamandrivorans are important amphibian pathogens responsible for morbidity and mortality in free-ranging and captive frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. While B. dendrobatidis has a widespread global distribution, B. salamandrivorans has only been detected in amphibians in Asia and Europe. Although molecular detection methods for these fungi are well-characterized, differentiation of the morphologically similar organisms in the tissues of affected amphibians is incredibly difficult. Moreover, an accurate tool to identify and differentiate Batrachochytrium in affected amphibian tissues is essential for a specific diagnosis of the causative agent in chytridiomycosis cases. To address this need, an automated dual-plex chromogenic RNAScope®in situ hybridization (ISH) assay was developed and characterized for simultaneous detection and differentiation of B. dendrobatidis and B. salamandrivorans. The assay, utilizing double Z target probe pairs designed to hybridize to 28S rRNA sequences, was specific for the identification of both organisms in culture and in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded amphibian tissues. The assay successfully identified organisms in tissue samples from five salamander and one frog species preserved in formalin for up to 364 days and was sensitive for the detection of Batrachochytrium in animals with qPCR loads as low as 1.1 × 102 zoospores/microliter. ISH staining of B. salamandrivorans also highlighted the infection of dermal cutaneous glands, a feature not observed in amphibian B. dendrobatidis cases and which may play an important role in B. salamandrivorans pathogenesis in salamanders. The developed ISH assay will benefit both amphibian chytridiomycosis surveillance projects and pathogenesis studies by providing a reliable tool for Batrachochytrium differentiation in tissues.

Observations of astronomical sources provide information that can significantly enhance the utility of auroral data for scientific studies. This report presents results obtained by using Jupiter for field cross calibration of four multispectral auroral meridian scanning photometers during the 2011–2015 Northern Hemisphere winters. Seasonal average optical field-of-view and local orientation estimates are obtained with uncertainties of 0.01 and 0.1°, respectively. Estimates of absolute sensitivity are repeatable to roughly 5 % from one month to the next, while the relative response between different wavelength channels is stable to better than 1 %. Astronomical field calibrations and darkroom calibration differences are on the order of 10 %. Atmospheric variability is the primary source of uncertainty; this may be reduced with complementary data from co-located instruments.

Objective: To investigate what factors are associated with food insecurity (FI) among freshman students and identify potential solutions. Participants: 73 freshman students. Methods: Cross-sectional, Internet survey-based study. Fisher's Exact tests examined factors associated with food security (FS); Cohen's Kappa assessed the agreement between FI scores and self-assessment; thematic analysis used Nvivo 12. Results: FI was 54.2% among the diverse students (65% non-white). Factors associated with FS included mother with a college degree (p = 0.018); father employed full-time (p < 0.001); identifying one's family financial situation as better than others (p = < 0.001); not obtaining personal student loans (p = 0.022). Students with FI tended to overestimate their FS status. Suggested solutions for FI included: improved finances, improved food accessibility, improved cooking skills. Conclusions: Future interventions should target freshmen who obtain personal student loans or have parents with less than a college degree or unstable employment status. (148)

Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 328 was devoted to the installation of an "Advanced CORK" (Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kit) in the Cascadia subduction zone accretionary prism to observe the physical state and properties of the formation as they are influenced by long-term and episodic deformation and by gas hydrate accumulation. Pressures are monitored at four levels on the outside of a standard 10 3/4-inch casing string, two above and two below the base of the gas-hydrate stability zone at 230 mbsf (m below seafloor). The casing was sealed at the bottom, leaving the inside open down to 302 mbsf for installation of a tilt meter, seismometer, and thermistor cable (scheduled for 2013). The initial data, recovered in July 2011, document an initially smooth recovery from the drilling perturbation followed by what may be a sequence of hole-collapse events. Pressure at the deepest screen is roughly 40 kPa above hydrostatic; higher pressures (80 kPa) are observed at the two screens close to the level of hydrate stability. Tidal variations at the deepest screen are in phase with ocean tides, and define a loading efficiency of 0.6, which is reasonable in light of the consolidation state of the for-mation (porosity ~0.5). Tidal signals near the level of gas hydrate stability display large phase lags, probably as a consequence of hydraulic diffusion stimulated by the large contrast in interstitial fluid compressibility at the gas-hydrate boundary. The degree of isolation among the screens, the anticipated good coupling, and the estimated strain-to-pressure conversion efficiency (~5 kPa μstrain−1) indicate that this installation will serve well to host a variety of hydrologic, seismic, and geodynamic experiments. doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.13.02.2011

No abstract available. doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.5.09.2007

As far as interoperability is concerned, in a service-oriented framework, it is possible to distinguish different service tiers; each tier contains systems and tools which implement that tier's specific task. The present paper analyses such a framework for the Earth Sciences and the GIS information communities. For the Earth Sciences community, the heterogeneity of existing protocols and data models is outlined, considering the experience of the Unidata community. For the GIS community, the interoperability opportunities laid by the OGC's specifications are briefly introduced. The need of achieving the two communities' frameworks interoperability, and its importance for science Digital Library applications are introduced. A solution is presented and discussed; it is based on the following technologies: THREDDS Data Server, OGC WCS/WFS and ncML-GML. An OGC interoperability experiment, which tests the proposed solution, is briefly presented.

El desarrollo y el avance de nuevas tecnologías y su aplicación a la educación provocan cambios en las metodologías de enseñanza y, en particular, en las formas de aprendizaje. Las TIC exigen nuevas competencias y estrategias para, por ejemplo, la autogestión del conocimiento. Una de las herramientas más efectivas para optimizar esta faceta del aprendizaje a distancia ha sido la Internet. En términos de la educación mediada, esto se refleja en el surgimiento de los MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses), un medio tecnológico de formación masiva, abierta y gratuita a través del cual los usuarios pueden desarrollar su propio entorno personal de aprendizaje. Se trata de una modalidad de educación abierta a través de la cual se ofrecen cursos gratuitos que abordan diversos temas por medio del uso de plataformas educativas en Internet y tiene como filosofía la liberación del conocimiento para que este pueda llegar al gran público de la manera más amplia posible. Los MOOCs emplean una variedad de recursos en línea y buscan sacar provecho de las clases con un gran número de participantes por medio de la promoción de redes de aprendizaje entre pares. En este marco, la cátedra de Inglés Transversal de la Universidad Nacional de La Matanza está desarrollando un Proyecto de Investigación denominado “Web Semántica: Nuevas Herramientas para el Aprendizaje Mediado”. Su hipótesis plantea que el uso de las metodologías MOOC puede favorecer el desarrollo de habilidades y estrategias para la autogestión del conocimiento por medio del aprendizaje mediado en la UNLaM. En principio se explorarán los fundamentos teóricos subyacentes a estas tecnologías emergentes. Luego, se procederá al estudio comparativo de dos entornos de aplicación de la misma para analizar su impacto en la educación universitaria asistemática. Con dichos resultados, se producirá un informe con orientaciones tecno-pedagógicas para su aplicación en la UNLaM. Finalmente, se seleccionará el entorno más conveniente para aplicar dicha metodología en la práctica pedagógica universitaria. Dado que el Proyecto se encuentra en la primera etapa de desarrollo, el objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar los fundamentos teóricos que subyacen a los MOOCs y el resultado esperado del mismo. Palabras clave: web educativa - MOOCs - aprendizaje mediado - gestión del conocimiento - aprendizaje individualizado Semantic Web: a new environment for English Language learning The development and advancement of new technologies and their application to the field of education have led to changes in teaching methods and, in particular, in the ways of learning. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) require new skills and strategies, for example, for the self-management of knowledge. One of the most effective tools to optimize this aspect of distance learning has been the Internet. In terms of computer-mediated education, this is reflected in the rise of MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses), a technological environment of massive, open and free training through which users can develop their own personal learning environment. It is a form of open education which offers free courses on various topics through the use of learning platforms on the Internet. Its underlying principle is that knowledge should be available to a vast number of people. MOOCs employ a variety of online resources and seek to take advantage of classes with a large number of participants by promoting peer-learning networks. In this context, the chair of Cross-curricular English at the National University of La Matanza (UNLaM) is developing a research project called "Semantic Web: New Tools for Mediated Learning". It poses the hypothesis that the use of MOOC methodologies can foster the development of skills and strategies for the self-management of knowledge by means of mediated learning. The first stage of the research project is to explore the underlying theoretical foundations for the emerging technologies under study. A second stage involves the comparative study of two MOOC environments in order to analyse the impact of such methodology on unsystematic university education. Based on the collected data, a report with techno-pedagogical implications will be produced for its implementation at the UNLaM. Finally, the most appropriate digital setting will be selected in order to apply MOOC methodology to the teaching practice. Since the project is in its early stage of development, the aim of this paper is to present the theoretical foundations underlying MOOCs and the expected results of the project. Keywords: Educational web - MOOCs - mediated learning - knowledge management - individualized learning