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Finite difference technique is applied to numerical solution of the initial-boundary value problem for the semilinear delay Sobolev or pseudoparabolic equation. By the method of integral identities two-level difference scheme is constructed. For the time integration the implicit rule is being used. Based on the method of energy estimates the fully discrete scheme is shown to be absolutely stable and convergent of order two in space and of order one in time. The error estimates are obtained in the discrete norm. Some numerical results confirming the expected behavior of the method are shown.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between infarct pattern, inferred stroke mechanism and risk of recurrence in patients with ischaemic stroke. The question is clinically relevant to optimise secondary stroke prevention investigations and treatment., Design: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the dabigatran treatment of acute stroke II (DATAS II) trial (ClinicalTrials.gove NCT NCT02295826), in which patients underwent diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) at baseline and 30 days after randomisation to one of two antithrombotic therapies. Patients were classified as embolic, isolated small subcortical infarcts or transient ischaemic attack TIA (no infarct) at baseline and day 30. Stroke mechanism was determined by traditional and modified (based on DWI lesion findings) Trial of Org 10 172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria (DWI-TOAST)., Setting: Multicentre (6) tertiary acute stroke treatment hospitals., Participants: 305 adults with minor ischaemic stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score≤9)., Results: Of 305 patients, 148 had embolic pattern infarcts, 93 were isolated small subcortical infarcts and 64 had no infarct on baseline MRI (TIA). In the absence of DWI, TOAST classification indicated the mechanism was cryptogenic in 147 patients (48.2%), and small-vessel occlusion in 127 (41.6%). Using, DWI-TOAST, the number of cryptogenic strokes decreased to 123 (40.3%), and the number of small-vessel occlusion strokes increased to 151 (49.5%). Recurrent infarcts were seen in 13% of patients with an MRI-defined embolic infarct pattern and cryptogenic mechanism on DWI-TOAST. The relative risk of recurrent infarction in patients with undetermined aetiology was increased compared with other categories (standardised coefficient=1.0 (0.1, 1.9), p=0.029). The topography of recurrent infarcts was most often embolic (60.9%), but in 39.1% an isolated small subcortical infarct was seen., Conclusions: Definitive identification of infarct topography with DWI has a significant impact on infarct mechanism classification. The variable relationship between baseline infarct patterns, clinical presentation and recurrent infarct distribution is a challenge to both the lacunar and embolic stroke of uncertain source (ESUS) concepts. Irrespective of aetiological classification, patients with MRI-defined cryptogenic embolic pattern infarcts are at high risk for recurrent events., Trial Registration Number: Linked to the DATAS II trial., Clinicaltrials: gov ID NCT02295826., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2025. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ Group.)

Key Message: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) can perform similarly or better than standard genomic prediction methods when sufficient genetic, environmental, and management data are provided. Predicting phenotypes from genetic (G), environmental (E), and management (M) conditions is a long-standing challenge with implications to agriculture, medicine, and conservation. Most methods reduce the factors in a dataset (feature engineering) in a subjective and potentially oversimplified manner. Deep neural networks such as Multilayer Perceptrons (MPL) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) can overcome this by allowing the data itself to determine which factors are most important. CNN models were developed for predicting agronomic yield from a combination of replicated trials and historical yield survey data. The results were more accurate than standard methods when tested on held-out G, E, and M data (r = 0.50 vs. r = 0.43), and performed slightly worse than standard methods when only G was held out (r = 0.74 vs. r = 0.80). Pre-training on historical data increased accuracy compared to trial data alone. Saliency map analysis indicated the CNN has "learned" to prioritize many factors of known agricultural importance., (© 2021. This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply.)

Because ambient temperature affects biochemical reactions, organisms living in extreme temperature conditions adapt protein composition and structure to maintain biochemical functions. While it is not feasible to experimentally determine optimal growth temperature (OGT) for every known microbial species, organisms adapted to different temperatures have measurable differences in DNA, RNA and protein composition that allow OGT prediction from genome sequence alone. In this study, we built a 'tRNA thermometer' model using tRNA sequence to predict OGT. We used sequences from 100 archaea and 683 bacteria species as input to train two Convolutional Neural Network models. The first pairs individual tRNA sequences from different species to predict which comes from a more thermophilic organism, with accuracy ranging from 0.538 to 0.992. The second uses the complete set of tRNAs in a species to predict optimal growth temperature, achieving a maximum ${r^2}$ of 0.86; comparable with other prediction accuracies in the literature despite a significant reduction in the quantity of input data. This model improves on previous OGT prediction models by providing a model with minimum input data requirements, removing laborious feature extraction and data preprocessing steps and widening the scope of valid downstream analyses., (Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research 2020.)

Our era has witnessed tremendous advances in plant genomics, characterized by an explosion of high-throughput techniques to identify multi-dimensional genome-wide molecular phenotypes at low costs. More importantly, genomics is not merely acquiring molecular phenotypes, but also leveraging powerful data mining tools to predict and explain them. In recent years, deep learning has been found extremely effective in these tasks. This review highlights two prominent questions at the intersection of genomics and deep learning: 1) how can the flow of information from genomic DNA sequences to molecular phenotypes be modeled; 2) how can we identify functional variants in natural populations using deep learning models? Additionally, we discuss the possibility of unleashing the power of deep learning in synthetic biology to create novel genomic elements with desirable functions. Taken together, we propose a central role of deep learning in future plant genomics research and crop genetic improvement., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To evaluate the oncologists thoughts about the positive and adverse effects of bisphosphonates, drug holiday and the awareness about BRONJ., Methods: A written questionnaire was sent to 7 hospitals, which have oncology facilities in Ankara, Turkey. Results were evaluated as percentages. Chi Square and Kruskal Wallis H test was used to analyze the data., Results: A total of 53 oncologists replied to the questionnaire. BRONJ is the most seen complication (66%) due to bisphosphonates usage. Temporary suspension of the drug (52.8%) is the best treatment choice for this complication. Oncologists usually prefered dentist consultatation (39.6%)., Conclusions: A good cooperation of oncologists and dentists is very important to prevent BRONJ.

The use of titanium and its alloys (Ti-6Al-4V) for oral surgery has increased dramatically in recent years. Ti is a stable biocompatible metal suitable for oral applications and it has been used for endosseous subperiosteal implants and miniplate fixation for more than 25 years. Dental implants are typically made of Ti or Ti alloys. The alloys are potentially toxic due to release of vanadium and aluminum. We tested the possible genotoxicity of Ti alloy endosseous implants and miniplates on the oral mucosal tissues of two groups of patients: 17 patients receiving Ti miniplate and screw fixation, and 37 endosseous dental implant placement patients. Preoperative and postoperative mucogingival cell samples were collected. Genotoxicity was assessed by the micronucleus assay (MN). There were slight but not statistically significant increases in the frequencies of MN (p=0.087 and p=0.047) post-operation in both groups. In summary, neither of the applications showed genotoxicity in the oral epithelial cells of patients., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Adenomatoid hyperplasia of the minor salivary glands is a hyperplastic oral lesion which may be seen on minor salivary gland bearing areas on all oral mucosa, especially on soft and hard palate. This study reports a rare case of buccal adenomatoid hyperplasia of the minor salivary glands and discusses the clinical significance., Presentation of Case: 48 year old male patient presented with a complaint of a swelling on his left cheek. Clinical examination revealed a bluish mass on the buccal mucosa. A provisional diagnosis of salivary gland neoplasm was made and the lesion was excised under local anesthesia. The histological diagnosis was adenomatoid hyperplasia of the minor salivary glands., Discussion: Buccal localization of the adenomatoid hyperplasia of the minor salivary glands is quite uncommon in the literature. There are two cases in the English literature for our knowledge. In the clinical examination, the nodular and protuberated appearance of the lesion resembles buccal minor salivary gland tumors and vascular lesions. Histological analysis is fundamental to achieve correct diagnosis., Conclusion: The differential diagnosis of buccal nodular, exophytic and colored mucosal lesions should include adenomatoid hyperplasia of the minor salivary glands., (Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Radiotherapy serves as adjunctive treatment to chemotherapy and surgical resection of colorectal cancer. However, the cellular response to irradiation varies depending on the expression of tumor suppressor p53, which plays a significant role in the regulation of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and telomerase activity in various cancers. The present study aimed to investigate cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and telomerase activity with respect to p53 expression in p53 wild-type (+/+) and deficient (-/-) HCT116 colon cancer cell lines following 5 Gy γ-irradiation. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were evaluated using flow cytometry. The telomerase activity was measured using a TRAP (telomerase repeat amplification protocol) assay. Following treatment with irradiation, G 1 /S cell cycle arrest occurred in the p53+/+ cells, whereas the p53-/- cells accumulated in the G 2 phase. No differences were observed in the apoptotic ratios between the two cell lines following irradiation. Decreased telomerase activity was observed in the p53+/+ cells, whereas telomerase activity was increased in the p53-/- cells. The results showed that while telomerase activity and G 1 cell cycle arrest were regulated depending on the p53 status, G 2 arrest and the apoptotic response were promoted via a p53-independent pathway.

In the dinuclear centrosymmetric title compound, [Cd2(C8H7O2)4(C6H6N2O)2(H2O)2], the Cd(II) ion is chelated by two carboxyl-ate groups from 4-methyl-benzoate anions, and is further coordinated by one nicotinamide and one water mol-ecule; a carboxyl-ate O atom from an adjacent 4-methyl-benzoate anion bridges to the Cd(II) ion, completing the irregular coordination sphere of the seven ligand atoms. In the crystal, inter-molecular O-H⋯O, N-H⋯O and weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into a three-dimensional network. The methyl-benzene moiety of one bridging 4-methyl-benzoate anion is disordered over two orientations of equal occupancy.

Our aim was to compare the analgesic affects of paracetamol and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac sodium for the relief of postoperative pain in patients having bimaxillary osteotomy. Thirty patients were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 15 in each) using sealed envelopes. The first group was given paracetamol 1g intravenously and the second diclofenac sodium 75 mg intramuscularly. The analgesics were given during the last 15 min of the operation while the mucosa was being sutured. The number of requests for further analgesia, and the amount of analgesia given postoperatively (as diclofenac sodium) were recorded. The intensity of postoperative pain was recorded on a visual analogue scale (VAS), and postoperative requests for analgesia, haemodynamic variables (systolic blood pressure and heart rate), and complications were compared. The groups were comparable. A single dose of diclofenac or paracetamol effectively decreases the intensity of postoperative pain after bimaxillary osteotomy., (Copyright © 2010 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

In the centrosymmetric title compound, [Cu(C(8)H(7)O(2))(2)(C(6)H(6)N(2)O)(2)]·2H(2)O, the Cu(II) ion is located on a crystallographic inversion center. The asymmetric unit is completed by one 4-methyl-benzoate anion, one isonicotinamide (INA) ligand and one uncoordinated water mol-ecule; all the ligands are monodentate. The two O and the two N atoms around the Cu(II) ion form a slightly distorted square-planar arrangement. The dihedral angle between the carboxyl-ate group and the attached benzene ring is 13.86 (9)°, while the pyridine and benzene rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 86.08 (5)°. The uncoordinated water mol-ecules are linked to the INA ligands by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. In the crystal structure, inter-molecular O-H⋯O, N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into a three-dimensional network.

In the title compound, [Pb(C(8)H(7)O(2))(2)(C(6)H(6)N(2)O)](n), the Pb(II) ion is coordinated by two 4-methyl-benzoate (PMB) and one nicotinamide (NA) ligands while symmetry-related NA ligands bridge adjacent Pb(II) ions, forming polymeric chains along the c axis. The carboxyl-ate groups in the two PMB ions are twisted away from the attached benzene ring by 22.9 (2) and 4.6 (2)°. The two benzene rings of the PMB ions are oriented at a dihedral angle of 83.7 (1)°. In a polymeric chain, the NA ligands are linked to PMB ions through intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. In the crystal structure, adjacent polymeric chains inter-act via N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a two-dimensional network parallel to the bc plane.

The crystal structure of the title compound, [Zn(2)(C(8)H(7)O(2))(4)(H(2)O)(2)]·[Zn(2)(C(8)H(7)O(2))(4)(C(6)H(6)N(2)O)(2)]·2H(2)O, consists of two kinds of dinuclear Zn(II) complexes (complex A and complex B) and uncoordinated water mol-ecules. In complex A, [Zn(2)(C(8)H(7)O(2))(4)(H(2)O)(2)], each Zn cation is chelated by a 4-methyl-benzoate (PMB) anion and coordinated by a water mol-ecule, and is further bridged by two PMB anions in a trigonal-bipyramidal geometry. In complex B, [Zn(2)(C(8)H(7)O(2))(4)(C(6)H(6)N(2)O)(2)], each Zn(II) cation is coordinated by a monodentate PMB anion and one nicotinamide (NA) ligand, and is further bridged by two PMB anions in a tetra-hedral geometry. Weak intra-mol-ecular π-π stacking between adjacent benzene rings is observed in complex B, the centroid-centroid distance being 3.710 (2) Å. Extensive O-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonding and weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal structure. The crystal studied was a racemic twin; the minor twin component refined to 38%.

The asymmetric unit of the title complex, [Mn(2)(C(8)H(7)O(2))(4)(C(10)H(14)N(2)O)(2)(H(2)O)](n), contains two crystallographically independent units. In each one, the Mn(II) ions are bridged by two 4-methyl-benzoate (PMB) ligands and one water mol-ecule. In the crystal structure, each Mn(II) ion is coordinated by three PMB ligands, one water mol-ecule and two symmetry-related N,N-diethyl-nicotinamide (DENA) ligands. Symmetry-related Mn(II) ions are bridged by the N and O atoms of symmetry-related DENA ligands, forming polymeric chains parallel to [100]. The coord-ination environmnts for the Mn(II) ions are slightly distorted octa-hedral. Intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link bridging water mol-ecules to the carboxyl-ate O atoms of a neigh-boring polymeric chain. In the crystal structure, π-π contacts between benzene rings [centroid-centroid distance = 3.562 (1) Å] and weak C-H⋯π inter-actions are also observed.

In the centrosymmetric mononuclear title complex, [Co(C(8)H(7)O(2))(2)(C(10)H(14)N(2)O)(2)(H(2)O)(2)], the Co(II) ion is located on an inversion center. The asymmetric unit contains one 4-methyl-benzoate (PMB) anion, one N,N-diethyl-nicotinamide (DENA) ligand and one coordinated water mol-ecule. The four O atoms in the equatorial plane around the Co(II) ion form a slightly distorted square-planar arrangement, while the slightly distorted octa-hedral coordination is completed by the two pyridine N atoms of the DENA ligands in the axial positions. The dihedral angle between the carboxyl-ate group and the attached benzene ring is 3.73 (14)°, while the pyridine and benzene rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 77.28 (6)°. In the crystal structure, inter-molecular O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into a two-dimensional network parallel to (001). The structure is further stabilized by π-π contacts between the pyridine rings [centroid-centroid distance = 3.544 (1) Å] and weak C-H⋯π inter-actions involving the benzene ring.

In the mononuclear title complex, [Mn(C(8)H(7)O(2))(2)(C(6)H(6)N(2)O)(2)(H(2)O)(2)], the Mn(II) ion is located on a crystallographic inversion center. The asymmetric unit contains one 4-methyl-benzoate anion, one nicotinamide (NA) ligand and one coordinated water mol-ecule. The four O atoms in the equatorial plane around the Mn(II) ion form a slightly distorted square-planar arrangement, while the slightly distorted octa-hedral coordination is completed by the two pyridine N atoms of the NA ligands in the axial positions. The dihedral angle between the carboxyl-ate group and the attached benzene ring is 9.01 (7)°, while the pyridine and benzene rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 42.44 (5)°. In the crystal structure, inter-molecular O-H⋯O, N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, and O-H⋯π and C-H⋯π inter-actions link the mol-ecules into a two-dimensional network parallel to (001).

In the centrosymmetric binuclear title complex, [Zn(2)(C(8)H(7)O(2))(4)(C(10)H(14)N(2)O)(2)], the Zn atoms [Zn⋯Zn' = 2.9494 (3) Å] are bridged by four 4-methyl-benzoate (PMB) anions. The four nearest O atoms around each Zn(II) ion form a distorted square-planar arrangement, the octahedral coordin-ation being completed by the pyridine N atom of the N,N-diethyl-nicotinamide (DENA) ligand. Each Zn(II) ion is displaced by 0.3530 (1) Å from the plane of the four O atoms. The dihedral angles between carboxyl-ate groups and their adjacent benzene rings are 5.88 (10) and 11.89 (9)°, while the benzene rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 75.19 (4)°. The pyridine ring is oriented at dihedral angles of 38.28 (4) and 49.17 (4)° with respect to the benzene rings. In the crystal structure, weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into a three-dimensional network. π-π contacts between parallel benzene rings [centroid-centroid distance = 3.8388 (8) Å] and between parallel pyridine rings [centroid-centroid distance = 3.4855 (7) Å] may further stabilize the crystal structure.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, [Cd(C(8)H(7)O(2))(2)(C(6)H(6)N(2)O)(2)(H(2)O)]·H(2)O, the Cd(II) cation is coordinated by two 4-methyl-benzoate (PMB) anions, two isonicotinamide (INA) ligands and one water mol-ecule in a distorted octa-hedral CdN(2)O(4) geometry. One of PMB ions acts as a bidentate ligand while the other and the two INA are monodentate ligands. An O-H⋯O hydrogen bond links the uncoordinated water mol-ecule to the carboxyl groups of the complex. The dihedral angles between the carboxyl groups and the adjacent benzene rings are 10.28 (11) and 21.24 (9)°, while the two benzene rings and the two pyridine rings are oriented at dihedral angles of 6.90 (4) and 88.64 (4)°, respectively. In the crystal structure, O-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into a supra-molecular structure. A π-π contact between the benzene rings [centroid-centroid distance = 3.911 (1) Å] may further stabilize the crystal structure. Weak C-H⋯π inter-actions involving the pyridine rings also occur in the crystal structure.

In the title centrosymmetric binuclear complex, [Cu(2)(C(8)H(7)O(2))(4)(C(6)H(6)N(2)O)(2)], the Cu atoms [Cu⋯Cu = 2.6375 (6) Å] are bridged by four 4-methyl-benzoate (PMB) ligands. The four nearest O atoms around each Cu(II) ion form a distorted square-planar arrangement, and the distorted square-pyramidal coordination is completed by the pyridine N atom of the isonicotinamide (INA) ligand. Each Cu(II) ion is displaced by 0.2633 (1) Å from the plane of the four O atoms, with an average Cu-O distance of 1.974 (2) Å. The dihedral angles between carboxyl-ate groups and the adjacent benzene rings are 7.88 (19) and 9.68 (10)°, while the benzene rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 85.90 (9)°. The pyridine ring is oriented at dihedral angles of 8.59 (7) and 83.89 (9)° with respect to the benzene rings. In the crystal structure, inter-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into a three-dimensional network. π-π contacts between the benzene rings and between the pyridine and benzene rings, [centroid-centroid distances = 3.563 (2) and 3.484 (2) Å, respectively] may further stabilize the crystal structure.