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Summary Post- COVID syndrome refers to the long-term consequences of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19, which includes a set of symptoms that develop or persist after COVID-19. Symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders in post- COVID syndrome, due to chronic infl ammation, the consequences of organ damage, prolonged hospitalization, social isolation, and other causes, can be persistent and require a multidisciplinary approach. The presented clinical practice guidelines consider the main preventive and therapeutic and diagnostic approaches to the management of patients with gastroenterological manifestations of postCOVID syndrome. The Guidelines were approved by the 17th National Congress of Internal Medicine and the 25th Congress of Gastroenterological Scientifi c Society of Russia.

Abstract Among the peripheral instabilities observed at the Globus-M2 tokamak, two types of edge localized modes (ELMs) are brought into focus: ELMs synchronized and desynchronized with the sawtooth oscillations. The desynchronized ELMs appear in regimes that are characterized by high values of pressure in the pedestal, pped ≥ 3 kPa, and they are observed in discharges with the toroidal magnetic field BT > 0.6 T and plasma current IP > 0.3 MA. The desynchronized ELMs belong to the type-III/V with the dominating effect of the peeling mode. The synchronized ELMs were observed in a wider range of discharge parameters, including at BT < 0.6 T and IP < 0.3 MA. Calculations of the stability of the peeling-ballooning (PB) mode showed that at pedestal width ψnorm = 0.09 and pped > 3.5 kPa, destabilization of PB modes is possible without additional influence. Experimental data shows that the microtearing mode plays a dominant role in the pedestal. The microtearing mode does not allow the pedestal at Globus-M2 tokamak to reach the state of the unstable kinetic ballooning mode (KBM), which explains the low predictive power of the EPED model at this tokamak.

Abstract NBI-assisted plasma heating with one or two injectors of fast neutral atoms was studied at the Globus-M2 spherical tokamak at the toroidal magnetic fields of 0.8–0.9 T and plasma currents of 0.35–0.4 MA. Measurements of the spatial temperature and electron density distributions, performed using the Thomson scattering diagnostics, showed a twofold increase in heating of plasma electrons during the injection of neutral particles with energies of up to 45 keV at the beam power of 0.75 MW, as compared to the ohmic heating regime. Switching on the second additional beam with the particle energy of up to 30 keV and power of up to 0.5 MW resulted in obtaining the hot ion mode in the range of mean plasma densities of (1.6–10) × 1019 m−3. According to the data of active spectroscopy and neutral particle analyzer diagnostics, in the hot zone, the ion temperature reached 4 keV at the plasma density of 8 × 1019 m−3, which is more than 2.5 times higher than the electron temperature.

The authors consider diseases of internal organs as a reflection of the influence of various factors on the human exposome (as a complex symbiotic system) in the process of formation of the noosphere from the biosphere. At the same time, various exposome factors caused deep violations of the evolutionarily developed symbiotic relationships of a person with the environment and the internal environment with a violation of the basic systems of regulation and adaptation with the development of metabolic imbalance and the subsequent formation of various diseases. The important role of connective tissue in these processes, its various elements in the regulation of the structure of organs and cells, the near-cellular space, metabolism, immunity, ways of interaction with the microbiota and its network structures, decentralized forms of homeostasis regulation are considered.

Breast cancer (BC) has a leading position in the statistics of oncological morbidity and mortality among women. Taxan-based polychemotherapy regimens are an essential component of the complex therapy of the BC. However, currently used algorithms of taxan-based regimens application do not always provide with desire effect. It indicates the need to identify new prognostic markers and to develop new approaches to modify response of BC cells to standard therapeutic regimens. MicroRNAs, small RNA molecules regulating protein synthesis, are considered as promising markers and potential modulators of the BC cells sensitivity to taxanes.The review includes a brief summary of the molecular mechanisms of action of the taxanes and the mechanism BC resistance to the process of microtubules depolymerization, provides with analysis of recent experimental and observational studies of the role of microRNAs in control of these mechanisms, and evaluates prospects for the development of new approaches to predict and to improve the cytostatic effects of taxanes through the analysis and modification of cellular microRNAs.

Background. Various tumor control genes and microRNAs (miRNa) play an important role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). the expression of these genes can differ significantly in tumor and adjacent healthy tissues. there is no exact data at what distance from the tumor the adjacent healthy tissue is located in terms of gene expression.The aim of the investigation was to study the tumor control genes (E2F3, TGFB, NFKB, KLF-12, EGFR and MMP9), as well as the microRNA genes (microRNA-15, -16, -21 and -210) expression profiles in tumor and adjacent healthy tissues.Material and methods. the study included 19 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. the tumor control genes (E2F3, TGFB, NFKB, KLF-12, EGFR and MMP9), as well as the miRNA genes (miRNA-15, -16, -21 and -210) expression levels were investigated in tumor and adjacent normal tissue samples taken during colonoscopy.Results. a decrease in the level of expression of E2F3 (median 3,73, Q1-Q3 2,64 Reu vs. median 6.5, Q1-Q3 6,39 REU, p=0,01) and miRNA-16 (median 2,83, Q1-Q3 4,74 REU vs. median 4,29, Q1-Q3 3,73 REU, p=0,027) and an increase in the expression level of miRNA-21 (median 2,64, Q1-Q3 1,38 REU vs. median 1,41, Q1-Q3 1,21 REU, pConclusion. significant differences in the E2F3, miRNA-16 and miRNA-21 gene expressions were revealed. an increased level of E2F3 and miRNA-16 expressions at a distance of 1–2 cm from the tumor may be a predictor of tumor recurrence and progression, and an increased miRNA-21 expression in tumor tissue as compared to adjacent tissue may be a negative prognostic factor. this information can be used in further clinical research.

The authors consider the nutriciology aspects of therapeutical problems from the perspectives of the General theory of medicine developed by them — the theory of noosphere–anthropogenic harmony. The authors consider the evolution aspects new scientifi c data on the molecular biology, microbiology and biotechnology as a part of biological culture, which determines the relationship of a person with the internal and external world and is one of the main factors in the evolution of the biosphere. The article analyzes the problems of qualitative and quantitative changes in nutrition parameters during the formation of diseases, their prevention and treatment.

On the basis of retrospective and prospective analysis of case reports of 540 patients with recurrent endometrial hyperplasia and combined intrauterine pathology (recurrent endometrial hyperplasia + hysteromyoma and/or adenomyosis) some aspects of surgical treatment of the pathology are considered, the effectiveness of different kinds of endoscopic operations is analyzed. Potentialities of spiral computerized tomography (SCT) for diagnosis of uterine disease are examined.

We perform a comparison study of different subgrid scale closures in large-eddy simulations (LES) of the non-stationary boundary layer dynamics during the evening transition. In particular, we consider LES models supplemented with the dynamic procedure, which allows the variation of subgrid closure parameters (Smagorinsky coefficient and subgrid Prandtl number) in space and time and a recently proposed model based on the minimum dissipation approach. As a reference we present the results for the classical Smagorinsky subgrid model. We address the grid sensitivity of results and computational performance of LES models on different CPU architectures, including Intel Xeon, AMD EPYC, and ARM-based Kunpeng processors.

The editorial touches upon the problem of the possible impact of COVID-19 on CKD patients, mediated by the forced reorganization of the health care system in a whole, the redistribution of its resources in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Lack of regular outpatient monitoring, delayed diagnosis and therapy in patients with kidney dysfunction are factors of adverse clinical outcomes - accelerated disease progression, ESKD development and the need for KRT, life-threatening complications, reduced quality of life and survival. The data of a pooled analysis of the impact of the pandemic on specialized renal care and its availability in a number of regions of the Northwest Federal District of Russia and the Moscow Region are presented: a fall in hospital admissions, outpatient consultations and a decrease in the use of hospital beds (on average, by 37 %, 40 % and 32 %, respectively). Principles and conditions of the functioning of health systems associated in the COVID-19 pandemic have been discussed. The main approaches to maintaining the standard level of renal patients care have been formulated, aimed at preventing an unfavorable patient-oriented CKD outcomes. © 2021 Patristica et Mediaevalia. All rights reserved.

Microporous three-dimensional polyphenylenes with phentriyl branching moieties are synthesized by the trimerization polycyclocondensation of p-diacetylbenzene followed by additional heat treatment at 450°C. The structure of the polymers is studied by IR spectroscopy and the methods of thermal desorption of argon and low-temperature sorption of nitrogen. The volume of micropores amounts to more than 70% of the total pore volume. Calculations of the parameters of the microporous structure using the Dubinin–Radushkevich and Dubinin–Astakhov methods show that the average micropore size in the test sample is 1 nm. The surface of all pores, as calculated by various methods, is in the range from 470 to 980 m2/g. According to the TGA data, the polymer shows high heat resistance: when heated in an inert medium, its mass losses does not exceed 20% in the range of 200–900°C.

To evaluate possibilities of aspirin-induced gastroduodenopathy treatment in the patients with chronic ischemic heart disease by means of applying the internal endogenous prostaglandins stimulant. Material and methods. 340 patients suffering from chronic coronary heart disease and receiving a long-term acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) therapy were examined on the base of the cardiovascular care unit of The Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Hospital named after N.A. Semaschko. There were evaluated frequency, nature and severity of the aspirin-induced gastroduodenopathy. The patients with coronary heart disease and aspirin-induced gastroduodenopathy were divided in two groups. In the first group of patients there was applied rebamipide therapy (in a single daily dose 300 mg) in combination with the proton pump inhibitor (PPI) — pantoprazole. In the second group there was applied only pantoprazole therapy. For the purpose of specification of AIG pathogenetic mechanisms development, all the examined chronic coronary heart disease cases were tested on the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level in blood serum before the therapy beginning and after the treatment. The control group was formed of chronic coronary heart disease patients showing no AIG evidence. Statistical processing of the received data was fulfilled with the program «Statistika 10.0». Results. AIG was registered in 15% out of 340 chronic coronary heart disease patients. According to the endoscopic examination erosive disease of the body and antrum prevailed among the patients. The PGE2 level in the blood serum was significantly lower (р = 0,00087) in these patients in comparison with the control group. In association with PPI and rebamipide mixed therapy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy results showed no pathological findings in gastrointestinal mucosa and statistically significant (р = 0,00067) blood serum PGE2 level growing in all the treated patients. As a result of exclusive PPI therapy there was marked positive dynamics in endoscopic view in 19 out of 25 patients and a tendency to normalization of PGE2 level in the blood serum. However, PGE2 level growing was insignificant. Conclusion. The presented research demonstrates the possibility of AIG treatment with the use of internal endogenous prostaglandins stimulant — rebamipide in complex with proton pump inhibitor PPI therapy.

Introduction.Anemic syndrome (AS) is a common pathological condition in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and is recognized as an independent predictor of poor prognosis. A particular role is played by pathogenetically associated with CHF anemia. Mechanisms of its occurrence are being studied. An important role belongs to systemic inflammation, which is involved in the pathogenesis of anemia of chronic diseases (ACD). However, the contribution of cytokine-induced inflammation in patients with heart failure has not yet been fully investigated.Material and methods.A total of 873 cases of patients with CHF were prospectively analyzed on the basis of the cardiology department of the SBHCI NNR «Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Hospital n.a. N.A. Semashko». The main group consisted of patients with anemia pathogenetically associated with heart failure (n = 96), the control group (CG) (n = 35) patients with heart failure without anemia. The indicators of ferrokinetics were assessed and the systemic inflammation was compared by indicators of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and serum hepсidin.Results.Patients of the main group had signs of functional iron deficiency (ID) and significantly higher values of cytokines and hepsidin compared with the CG. The relationship between the level of cytokines and hepsidin with the severity of CHF, hemogobin and chronic kidney disease was revealed.Conclusion.An increase in the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines and hepcidin in patients with AS with decompensation of CHF is interrelated with functional ID and a decrease in hemoglobin level. This shows the role of cytokine-induced inflammation in the genesis of anemia in heart failure. The functional state of the kidneys makes a special contribution to these mechanisms. As CKD increases, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and hepcidin in these patients and their relationship with markers (CKD) increase.

Processes that occur inside polar snow cover significantly affect polar atmosphere but they are still poorly understood. Most studies consider photochemistry as the dominant mechanism of chemical transformations but recent field data cannot be interpreted only by such photochemical model. A concept is proposed to consider electric phenomena that are well known to physics but their role was never analyzed by snow chemistry specialists. But there is a question on how to differentiate influences of photo effects and electric phenomena. It can be supposed that these factors are not independent. On the contrary, they reinforce each other and act synergistically.

Received: 03.11.2021. Revised: 16.12.2021. Accepted: 16.12.2021. Available online: 17.12.2021. Chitosan and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composites were synthesized by polymerization with heating and mechanochemical method. The obtained polymer composites were analyzed by the ATR FT-IR spectroscopy method. The presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions in formation of PMMA and chitosan polymer composites was shown. This study was carried out on the experimental equipment of the Sevastopol State University (project PR/807-42/2017).

Schneider S. A., Suslova O. V., Saveleva N. N., Gorohivsky V. N., Tkachenko E. K. The influence of 1-α-oxycholesterol with antioxidants and calcium phosphate on the development of experimental periodontitis in rats. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2020;10(7):87-91. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.07.008 https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2020.10.07.008 https://zenodo.org/record/3946760 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2020; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.07.2020. Revised: 09.07.2020. Accepted: 15.07.2020. THE INFLUENCE OF 1- α -OXYCHOLESTEROL WITH ANTIOXIDANTS AND CALCIUM PHOSPHATE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL PERIODONTITIS IN RATS S. A. Schneider1, O. V. Suslova2, N. N. Saveleva3, V. N. Gorohivsky1, E. K. Tkachenko1 1State Establishment "Institute of Stomatology and Maxillo-facial Surgery of NAMS of Ukraine" 2Odessa National Medical University 3Kharkiv National Medical University Abstract In experiments on 26 rats the influence of complex 1-α-oxycholesterol with antioxidants and calcium phosphate. The study was conducted on the background modeling of periodontal disease through a combination of prooxidants delagila and etilendiaminova acid chelating agent (EDTA). Key words: simulation; antioxidants; 1-α-oxycholesterol; rats.

Modern approaches to the organization of diagnosis and treatment of elderly and senile patients with malignant tumors allow to maintain the necessary level of health, improve the quality of life and increase life expectancy. Assessment of geriatric status in Oncology allows: to predict complications during the complex treatment, including drug treatment; to modify treatment to reduce the risk factors of adverse outcomes; to select patients for specialized treatment using standard schemes. So, timely assessment of geriatric syndromes and their correction can expand the indications for specialized treatment of elderly and senile patients.Современные подходы к организации диагностики и лечения больных пожилого и старческого возраста со злокачественными новообразованиями позволяют улучшать качество жизни и увеличивать продолжительность жизни. Оценка гериатрического статуса в онкологии позволяет прогнозировать осложнения в процессе комплексного лечения, в том числе лекарственного, модифицировать терапию для уменьшения факторов риска неблагоприятных исходов, осуществлять отбор пациентов на специализированное лечение с использованием стандартных схем. Таким образом, своевременная оценка гериатрических синдромов и их коррекция способна расширить показания к специализированному лечению больных пожилого и старческого возраста.

The problem of cognitive dysfunction in modern gerontological aid goes to the leading positions, complicating treatment and rehabilitation of concomitant motor disorders. The current trend in recent years is the search and development of models of cognitive rehabilitation of elderly patients on the basis of digital technology with the ability to transfer the effect on the motor and mental sphere. The literature sources of the last 5-7 years describe dozens of methods of cognitive rehabilitation, including on the basis of computer games, which demonstrate the importance of these techniques not only in improving the cognitive abilities of patients, but also in Preservation of social adaptation and daily functioning. At the same time negligible attention is paid to the problem of application of digital technologies in rehabilitation of cognitive disorders in patients with motor disorders and possible transfer of effect between spheres. This study shows the application of the algorithm of action with the participation of electronic devices as cognitive rehabilitation with compensatory mechanism in comorbid patients with motor and moderate cognitive impairment.Проблема когнитивной дисфункции в современной геронтологической помощи выходит на лидирующие позиции, затрудняя лечение и реабилитацию сопутствующих двигательных нарушений. Актуальным направлением в последние годы становится поиск и разработка моделей когнитивной реабилитации пациентов пожилого возраста на базе цифровых технологий с возможностью переноса эффекта на двигательную и психическую сферы. В литературных источниках последних 5–7 лет описаны десятки методик когнитивной реабилитации, в том числе и на основе компьютерных игр, в которых демонстрируется значимость данных методик не только в улучшении когнитивных способностей пациентов, но и в сохранении социальной адаптации и повседневного функционирования. При этом ничтожно малое внимание уделено проблеме применения цифровых технологий в реабилитации когнитивных нарушений у пациентов с двигательными нарушениями и возможному переносу эффекта между сферами. В настоящем исследовании показано применение алгоритма действия с участием электронных устройств как когнитивной реабилитации с компенсаторным механизмом у коморбидных пациентов с двигательными и умеренными когнитивными нарушениями.

Background: Epidemiological studies performed in different countries have identified a number of trends that allow to predict the problems related to the prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), their severity and healthcare resources utilization. Aim: To present comparative results of two large epidemiological studies of IBD in the Russian Federation (RF), i.e. ESCApe and ESCApe-2. Materials and methods: Two multicenter cross-sectional cohort studies with a similar design were performed at three-year interval. The studies had the common aim: to identify social and demographic and clinical particulars of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) in RF, as well as treatment options. Twenty (20) centers of gastroenterology from 17 RF regions participated in the ESCApe (2010–2011) and 8 centers from 7 RF regions in the ESCApe-2 study (2013–2014). Results: The ESCApe study included 1797 patients (1254 UC and 543 CD), whereas the ESCApe-2 included 1000 patients (667 UC and 333 CD). Patient demographic and social characteristics: In both studies, female: male ratio was similar in UC and CD. Patients’ age was almost identical: in UC, median age was 38 years and 40 years in ESCApe and ESCApe-2, respectively; in CD the corresponding values were 36 and 35 years. In ESCApe, the peak UC onset was at the age of 21 to 40 years, whereas in CD it was shifted towards younger age (22.5% of the patients manifested before 20 years) and the peak incidence was in three age groups (below 20 years, 21 to 30 and 31 to 40 years). A statistically significant difference between CD and UC was found only in the age group of 11 to 20 years (22.5% vs. 13.6%, respectively, p < 0.01). In ESCApe-2, median age of disease onset in UC and CD was approximately 30 years. In both studies, urban:rural ratio for UC and CD was 4:1. In ESCApe, the proportion of current smokers among CD patients was almost two-fold higher than among those with UC (15.6 and 8.8%, respectively, p < 0.001); the same trend was found in ESCApe-2 (15 and 7.3%, p < 0.001). Socioeconomic characteristics of patients in both studies were similar: 50 to 60% were at work (professional occupation and income levels were not studied); in ESCApe 30.9% of UC patients and 40.9% of CD patients had legal disability due to various reasons (including that related to UC and CD in 12,6 and 14.9%, respectively), whereas in ESCApe-2 the respective proportions were 35.7 and 51.1%. Clinical characteristics of patients: The time from the first UC symptoms to diagnosis was similar in both studies (median, 5 months in ESCApe and 4 months in ESCApe-2); in CD patients these parameters were significantly different in both studies (12 vs. 1 month). As for the severity of the disease, the UC patients in ESCApe had mild disease in 16%, moderate in 53%, and severe in 31%, whereas the respective proportions among the CD patients were 21, 44, and 35%. In ESCApe-2, there were no patients with severe disease; mild and moderate UC were diagnosed in 51.3 and 46.6% of the patients, respectively, and mild and moderate CD, in 52.3 and 47.3%. The frequency of left-side UC was similar: 38% in ESCApе and 34% in ESCApе-2. Proctitis was more frequent in the first study (33 vs. 11%, p < 0.01), and total UC was more frequent in the second study (29 vs. 55%, p < 0.02). There were no significant differences between ESCApe and ESCApe-2 in the main CD localizations: terminal ileitis was seen in 31.3 and 35.4% of the patients, respectively, ileocolitis in 33.4 and 37.8%, colitis in 25.6 and 32.1%. The upper gastrointestinal involvement In ESCApе was found 4.4%, and mixed involvement in 5.3%. In both studies, extra-intestinal manifestations were more frequent in CD, than in UC: in ESCApe, 33.1% and 23% (р < 0.05), and in ESCApe-2 in 41.7 and 29.4%, respectively (р < 0.05). Peripheral arthropathies were most frequent. Ankylosing spondylitis was found in CD only, and primary sclerosing cholangitis, only in UC. Aphthous stomatitis was significantly more prevalent in CD in both studies. There were no significant differences in all other extra-intestinal symptoms (eye and skin involvement). Treatment characteristics: Treatment options before the study entry, as well as at the study inclusion visit were analyzed. In ESCApe, the majority of the patients had not been given any treatment before the study entry (49.1% with UC and 40.5% with CD). Three years later the situation was changing: in ESCApe-2, the proportion of treatment-naïve patients was 2.5 to 3-fold lower (15.3% with UC and 14.4% with CD), which was most probably related to increasing awareness of physicians. Before the study entry, most patients (40 to 70%) had been treated with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). Before the second study, the patients were more frequently treated with glucocorticosteroids (GCS), immunosuppressors and genetically engineered biological agents (GEBA), but with no significant differences from the first study. 5-ASA prevailed also among the agents that were administered during the inclusion visits in both studies (80 to 90% UC patients and about 70% of CD patients). Compared to ESCApe, in ESCApe-2 there was a trend towards lower rate of GCS administration in UC and CD, but the differences did not reach the significance level. It may be explained by the absence of severe IBD types in ESCApe-2. In ESCApe, immunosuppressors were rarely used (in 14.4% of the UC patients and in 26.8% of the CD patients); however, in ESCApe-2 there were administered more frequently: up to 35.9% of the UC patients and 55.1% of the CD patients (р < 0.01 for both cases). It was unknown if immunosuppressors were used as monotherapy or in combination with GCS. Three years later, the rate of GEBA administration was also higher, but this increase was significant only in CD: 28.3% in ESCApe-2 vs. 9.2% in ESCApe (р < 0.01). According to the results of ESCApe, in the UC patients steroid resistance was seen in 23% and steroid dependency in 21%, whereas in the CD patients these values were 24 and 27%, respectively. In ESCApe-2 these parameters were not assessed. Conclusion: Both studies showed a number of patterns coinciding with the world trends, such as age and gender distribution of UC and CD patients, age at manifestation, the proportion of urban to rural residents, smoking status, prevalence and types of extra-intestinal symptoms. Unlike in European countries, moderate and severe forms of UC with extensive involvement are prevalent in RF. Low prevalence of mild and limited types of IBD is to be explained by underdiagnosis. Of note is the high proportion of patients with UC and CD treated with 5-ASA, although in CD these agents have demonstrated low efficacy. The rates of immunosuppressors and GEBA administration significantly increased in the second study, most likely, due to the implementation of a system of educational measures. Nevertheless, the rate of GEBA use in IBD remains low, which is to be related to their insufficient availability. In total, steroid resistance / steroid dependency rate amount to almost half of UC and CD cases. In general, some positive changes in the patient management are obvious in the second study. However, monitoring these changes over time could only be possible if similar studies would be performed at regular intervals.

Aim. To perform medical and social characterization of families raising children with cerebral palsy. Methods. The study was performed among families raising children with cerebral palsy and living in Omsk. It is a cross-sectional epidemiologic study. Survey of parents based on our developed questionnaire was performed. A total of 324 families took part in the study. The following factors were evaluated: family structure, character of relationship between members, social and living conditions, satisfaction with the quality of medical care. Results. Medical and social characterization was performed in families raising children with cerebral palsy. In 77% of cases a child was brought up in a traditional family (but in about half of the families after developing apparent abnormalities in a child and making a diagnosis of cerebral palsy, worsening of family relationships occurs). Due to necessity for taking care of the child with cerebral palsy, most of mothers are forced to quit their job that negatively affects the level of material wealth. Availability of their own accommodation was revealed in 64% of responders. Mother’s age at the time of birth of a child with cerebral palsy was primarily in the range from 25 to 29 years. A number of factors adversely affecting the health of children, both in the period of prenatal development and the newborn period: pregnancy with complications, acute respiratory viral infection during pregnancy, smoking during early pregnancy. Role of these factors in developing cerebral palsy was detected by a number of researchers. A number of difficulties met by the family members after bearing a child with developmental disabilities were identified (deterioration of family relationships, decline in material wealth, dissatisfaction with the quality of medical care). Conclusion. After making a diagnosis, family relationships worsen; most families have houses not adapted for defects of a child with cerebral palsy; some features of medical organizations service are revealed that might negatively affect the quality of medical care for children with cerebral palsy.

The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome has progressively increased in recent years and occurs on average in every fifth adult in the population of developed countries. Metabolic syndrome is a multi-structural complex of pathological changes, so the choice of an adequate experimental model is important in the study of this state. The study was carried out on the model of the metabolic syndrome adequate to the modern human diet and is easily reproducible. Purpose of the study. Assessment of the state of the tissues of the oral cavity of rats and blood serum under experimental metabolic syndrome.Material and methods. White male rats aged 1,5-2 months were used. An intact group (7 individuals) received a standard ration of the vivarium. In the experimental group (7 individuals), the metabolic syndrome was modeled by introducing into the diet of the internal pig fat at the rate of 20% of the weight of the feed and 10% fructose ad libitum instead of drinking water. The duration of the experiment was 70 days. The biochemical parameters of blood serum and tissues, the state of the dentoalveolar system, the parameters of the intercellular matrix of the mucous membrane and the bone tissue of the periodontal rats, as well as the mineral metabolism of bone tissue were evaluated.Results. Conclusions. A diet high in saturated fats and simple carbohydrates led to visceral obesity in experimantal animals, hyperglycemia, increased total cholesterol, hyperuricemia in the presence of cholesterol in high-density lipoproteins, an increase in the number and depth of carious lesions, alveolar bone atrophy, partial collagen degradation (oxyproline) glycosaminoglycans and the disruption of the intercellular matrix of the connective tissue of the periodontium, the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and bone tissue.

Head and neck tumors (HNT) include cancers of nasal cavity, oral cavity, larynx, pharynx, cervical esophagus, paranasal sinuses, and salivary glands; in most of the cases HNT are presented by squamous cell carcinoma. Despite the fact that tumors of head and neck are generally available for visual inspection, about 60–70 % of the patients are diagnosed with it at advanced (III or IV) stages of the disease. Unfortunately, optimization of diagnostic algorithms and wide implementation of instrumental diagnostics (ultrasound examination, computed tomography, fiber endoscopy) do not improve the situation. Current trends in HNT incidence and mortality in Russia (increasing of both absolute and relative figures of incidence and mortality over the last 10–12 years) clearly demonstrate its social importance. Available epidemiological data suggests the obvious need for fundamental studies devoted to HNT pathogenesis as well as for development of novel meth ods of pathogenetic therapy. Along with the importance of investigation of typical for HNT genetic abnormalities, we should also stress studying of epigenetic regulation disorders in tumor cells because of its particular practical value. This review is aimed to analyze the relationship between different mechanisms of epigenetic regulation of gene expression, and to evaluate this relationship in squamous cell HNT. In terms of new therapy methods development it is important to understand the complex nature of epigenetic control of gene expression as soon as it allows to create and implement optimal methods of chemotherapy. For instance, the antitumor effect of butyric acid could be theoretically modified or enhanced by the inhibitors of miR-17-92a or miR-31 mimics. In this case one of the drugs can be administrated locally, and the other one – systemically, this possibility can help to reach maximum therapeutic effect in the tumor tissue. The main aim of this review was to present mechanisms, development prospects and application possibilities of HNT epigenetic therapy, which can be soon offered to clinicians.

The dynamic theory of the coherent X-ray radiation of a divergent beam of relativistic electrons generated in a single-crystal wafer under conditions of the multiple scattering of incident particles is developed. Radiation cross sections are averaged over the divergent beam of rectilinear trajectories of electrons. Expressions describing the spectral-angular characteristics of parametric X-ray radiation and diffracted transition radiation under conditions of multiple scattering are obtained. Conditions under which the contribution of diffracted brehmsstrahlung can be disregarded are shown, and the spectral-angular characteristics of parametric X-ray radiation and diffracted transition radiation are calculated numerically for such conditions.

Исследование направлено на изучение социально-биографических и социально-психологических характеристик ребенка, находящегося на попечении детского хосписа, а также социально-биографических характеристик членов его семьи. Обсуждаются особенности сопровождения таких семей и их потребности, связанные с длительным уходом за тяжелобольным ребенком. Выборка: 177 семей, воспитывающих детей с неизлечимыми заболеваниями при отсутствии реабилитационного потенциала, нуждающихся в симптоматической терапии, психосоциальной помощи и длительном постороннем уходе. Для решения задач исследования была разработана «Анкета для родителей детей, нуждающихся в оказании паллиативной медицинской помощи», которая включила в себя четыре блока вопросов: 1) сведения о ребенке; 2) сведения о семье; 3) сведения о потребностях ребенка и членов его семьи (потребность в информационной поддержке; потребность в консультативной помощи специалистов; потребность в решении финансовых (материальных) нужд; потребность в культурно-досуговых услугах). Исследуемые характеристики были условно разделены по блокам: биологические факторы (возраст ребенка, возраст взрослого; характер и длительность заболевания ребенка и др.); макросоциальные условия (город проживания, условия проживания, материальное положение семьи и др.); семейные факторы (семейное положение родителей, наличие других детей и степень родства с болеющим ребенком и др.); субъектно-деятельностные характеристики взрослого (образование, наличие работы и др.). В процессе исследования был определен социально-психологический портрет пациента детского хосписа. Обнаружено, что перечень выявленных характеристик детей, находящихся на попечении учреждения, в среднем описывает широкий круг аномального поведения и затруднений в социальном взаимодействии и коммуникациях. Большинство из них имеют серьезные ограничения жизнедеятельности, связанные с особенностями заболевания (способность к самообслуживанию, способность к самостоятельному передвижению, способность к ориентации, способность к общению, способность контролировать свое поведение, способность к обучению). Лишь у 5,47 % детей не было отмечено никаких социально-психологических особенностей, связанных с негативными эмоциональными реакциями при взаимодействии с внешним миром. У большинства семей ощущение субъективного благополучия жизни находится на среднем уровне или ниже среднего. Текущие задачи, связанные с воспитанием ребенка, воспринимаются как трудно разрешимые и часто непосильные, что свидетельствует об усталости родителей и психологическом истощении. Это выражается также в потребности иметь поддержку в решении основных насущных вопросов, связанных с жизнеобеспечением семьи.

Schneider S. A., Suslova O. V., Tkachenko E. K., Nikolaenko K. V. The selection of the amount of anthracene derivatives from raw materials of plant origin and the study of their influence on the rat periodontal. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(2):532-537. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2620499 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6769 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.02.2019. Revised: 11.01.2019. Accepted: 28.02.2019. UDC 615.32: 547.9 + 543.544 The selection of the amount of anthracene derivatives from raw materials of plant origin and the study of their influence on the rat periodontal S. A. Schneider1, O. V. Suslova2, E. K. Tkachenko1, K. V. Nikolaenko1 1SE "Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery" NAMS of Ukraine 2Odessa National Medical University Аbstract The article presents a new method of ethanol extraction of anthracene derivatives from the herb St. John's wort, the total content of which was evaluated using a calibration graph. The drug improved mineral metabolism, showed anti-inflammatory effects in the bone tissue of the periodontal rats. Key words: laboratory technology, anthracene derivatives, Hypericum perforatum grass, mineral metabolism, ethanol.