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Based on the method developed by the authors for quantifying the severity of patients with acute pancreatitis, a method for calculating the duration of therapeutic fasting in a particular patient has been created. We studied the medical histories of 500 patients with acute pancreatitis who were in two medical hospitals from 2010 to 2021. They underwent complex therapy of acute pancreatitis. Based on the dependence found using multivariate regression analysis using the universal statistical software package StatSoft Statistica for OC Windows, the authors previously developed and published a method for calculating the severity of a patient's condition with acute pancreatitis in the enzymatic toxemia phase. This method in the process of practical application was significantly improved by the authors and called the IDAP scale (ACUTE PANCREATITIS HAZARD INDEX). The advantages of this method: the calculation of the severity of the patient's condition can be made at any time of interest, the indicators are included in the Medical and Economic standards of the Russian Federation for acute pancreatitis, it is enough to use the standard office program MS Excel, which is available to any practicing physician. When comparing the results of assessing the severity of patients on the IDAP and APACH II scales, no discrepancies of more than 15% were found in 640 measurements in 50 patients, which allowed us to use the IDAP system in our study on a par with the generally accepted APACH II. At the second stage of the study, as a result of the analysis of 86 clinical observations using the technique of multidimensional regression analysis, a relationship was found between the clinical severity of the patient upon admission to the hospital for treatment, the severity at a given time and the required duration of therapeutic fasting (in days). At the second stage of the study, as a result of the analysis of 86 clinical observations using the technique of multidimensional regression analysis, a relationship was found between the clinical severity of the patient upon admission to the hospital for treatment, the severity at a given time and the required duration of therapeutic fasting (in days). When using this method of calculating the duration of fasting, only 7 (8%) patients had an exacerbation of the process after the start of feeding them through the mouth. Thus, taking into account the coefficient of severity of the patient's condition with acute pancreatitis, it is possible to reliably determine the timing of therapeutic fasting in this disease.

Medical care organization for older patients in geriatric centers is of particular interest due to the increase proportion of older population in Russian Federation. Geriatric patients experience cognitive, neurological, sensory changes, including decreased vision, hearing, rate of reaction, as well as increased time for assimilation of new information. Patients with age-related characteristics may encounter various problems during examination in radiology departments. This article presents methodological recommendations for examination of older patients based on personal experience and analyzed literature.

Purpose. The purpose of this work is to study the process of thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) of two samples of a hybrid organic-inorganic (OIH) heat-insulating material based on data obtained by thermogravimetric analysis and IR-Fourier spectrometry.The goal set predetermined the following research tasks: to find out the basic chemical structure of the OIH samples (by functional groups), to study the order of processes in materials when heated in nitrogen, to calculate the activation energy, the pre-exponential factor, to determine the pyrolysis mechanism.Methods. The methods of thermogravimetric analysis and IR-Fourier spectrometry were used in the work. Samples for spectrometric analysis were prepared in the process of thermogravimetric tests using the “freezing” experiment method.Results and discussion. The paper studies the structural features of two samples of hybrid polyurethane inorganic (OIH) thermal insulation material and traces the physicochemical processes that occur when they are heated under dynamic conditions in a nitrogen atmosphere up to 750 °C.The multi-stage nature of the pyrolysis of the OIH material is shown. The pyrolysis of the first sample is a threestage process. For the second sample, decomposition proceeds in two stages. All stages are endothermic. This indicates the predominance of energy costs for breaking bonds between the organic and inorganic parts and other conclusions.It has been established that the pyrolysis of OIH samples at all stages is carried out according to the mechanism of nucleation and the growth of nuclei (active centers of destruction). Analysis of the IR spectra of the samples showed that both samples were prepared using Desmodur aliphatic isocyanates.Conclusions. The paper studies the chemical structure and physicochemical changes when heating the new group of materials — hybrid organic-inorganic (OIH) heat-insulating materials. The article is a continuation of a team of authors systematic study of a thermal behavior of modern types of polymer thermal insulation.

Penetrating wounds of the vertebral artery is an extremely rare pathology; its weight is not large even among the damages of the cervical vessels. This life-threatening state due to its rarity is not always diagnosed in time, and in case of a timely diagnostics, it is a complicated task for a surgeon. The paper presents the data regarding prevalence of penetrating damages of the vertebral arteries, anatomy and development of these vessels, methods of diagnostics and treatment of these wounds as well as complications and outcomes.

A rare clinical observation of using hyperthermic isolated hepatic chemoperfusion is considered in the setting of a pathologically altered hepatic arterial blood flow in focal hepatic lesions caused by uveal melanoma metastases. The technical feasibility and safety of performing hyperthermic isolated hepatic chemoperfusion through the portal vein against the background of the altered hepatic arterial bed were demonstrated.

Introduction. The article presents the results of a research on the two stages of thermal decomposition of timber. The first stage of thermal decomposition is flame combustion, which is followed by a transition to flameless combustion due to the formation of a char layer on the surface of wood. The flameless process is accompanied not only by heterogeneous combustion, but, at least, three reactions: pyrolysis, thermal oxidative destruction of wood and oxidation of resulting coke.Goals and objectives. The goal is to identify the criteria of charring and heat release under the influence of an external radiative heat flux on samples of coniferous and deciduous species of wood using a standard flowthrough calorimeter with a focus on flameless combustion. Methods. A standard OSU flow-through calorimeter, produced by Atlas (USA), was used to identify heat release characteristics under the influence of external radiative heat fluxes that had the density of 20, 35 and 52 kW/m2. The lower limit of heat, released in the complete combustion of samples, that had a char layer, was identified using bomb calorimeter C-5000.Results. The co-authors analyzed the charring process and characteristics of heat release using samples of wood species that were 10 and 25 cm thick. Wood samples were exposed to combustion under the influence of an external radiative heat flux that had the density of 20, 35 and 52 kW/m2 subsequent to the results of tests, conducted using the OSU calorimeter. The co-authors evaluated the charring velocity and the coke layer thickness for the cases of flame and flameless combustion; efficient combustion heat release and the combustion completeness coefficient, as well as the sample shrinkage. The co-authors demonstrated that a transition from flame combustion to heterogeneous combustion occurs upon completion of the quasi-neutral burning of wood samples, which corresponds to the final point of heat release velocity curves and marks a transition from the behaviour of a thermally thick material to that of a thermally thin material.Conclusion. The obtained experimental data allow to forecast a change in the physical and heat engineering properties, characteristics of heat release in the processes of flame and flameless combustion of different wood species with account taken of the char layer formed on its surface under the influence of various heat fluxes.

The increasing prevalence of urolithiasis is a growing concern. Minimally invasive surgery seems to be nowadays the procedure of choice in treating urolithiasis. Quite frequently, an access to calculus can be complicated by concomitant pathology. The article provides a clinical case of urolithiasis preoperative diagnosis with concomitant hepatomegaly in a 67-year-old patient. An example of an interdisciplinary approach to surgical procedure planning is given in this research. Multispiral computed tomography was applied using multi-planar reconstructions, cutaneous radiopaque markers, and body positioning. The described observation allowed to reduce the surgical risks.

The changes in the adhesive and physico-mechanical characteristics of aramid and carbon fibers treated with plasma of a highfrequency capacitive gas discharge of reduced pressure are considered. An increase of ~ 30% in the wettability of the surface of aramid and carbon fibers is shown. It was found that the strength of plastics made on the basis of aramid and carbon fibers treated with a plasma flow increases by ~ 26%.

The paper presents the results of processing of data on the soft X-ray solar radiation obtained by the PINGVIN-M instrument aboard the KORONAS-FOTON spacecraft in July 2009. The high sensitivity of the device, combined with effective compensation for the magnetospheric background over most of the orbit, made it possible to study in detail the evolution of X-ray radiation from the active region and its X-ray bursts—from microflares to class-C bursts. The analyzed data refer to the period of deep minimum solar activity, during which there was only one active region emitting in the soft X-ray range on the solar disk. This made it possible to study the characteristics of soft X-ray radiation in this region without additional background with a device that records radiation from the entire solar disk, which significantly increases the reliability of the estimates of the parameters of the time and energy spectra of X-ray radiation derived from experimental data.

This paper is devoted to the topological classification of structurally stable diffeomorphisms of the two-dimensional torus whose nonwandering set consists of an orientable one-dimensional attractor and finitely many isolated source and saddle periodic points, under the assumption that the closure of the union of the stable manifolds of isolated periodic points consists of simple pairwise nonintersecting arcs. The classification of one-dimensional basis sets on surfaces has been exhaustively obtained in papers by V. Grines. He also obtained a classification of some classes of structurally stable diffeomorphisms of surfaces using combined algebra-geometric invariants. In this paper, we distinguish a class of diffeomorphisms that admit purely algebraic differentiating invariants.

Renal cell cancer or renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults. In Russia (2017 year) it accounts for approximately 3.7% of adult malignancies.Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) now is a gold standard in treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the world. In Russia laparoscopic nephrectomy (radical and partial) have been commonly performed at a large multicenter hospitals with the large number of patients and relatively rare at single regional cancer centers. Implementation of laparoscopic approach in a renal cell cancer surgery in a safe and timely manner will improve quality and accessibility of minimally invasive surgery in a regional cancer centers. Aims: evaluate complication rate, surgical operation time, mortality rate implementing minimally invasive surgical technique in renal cell cancer surgery - a single cancer’s center experience. Summary: 174 patients underwent surgery using laparoscopic technique for renal cell cancer. All patients were divided on 2 equal groups, depending on the time required to master laparoscopic technique. Outcome measures included operation time, conversion rate, blood loss, mortality rate, readmission and postoperative complication rates and time of impatient care. Result: Main outcome variables(operation time, conversion rate, time of impatient care, mortality rates, postoperative complication rates) reach a plateau in the learning curve after 94 operation. It is important to mention that during the whole period of implementing laparoscopic technique for renal cell cancer postoperative complication rates, mortality rates and operation time were comparable with the data available in the literature. Conclusion: It is shown that the introduction of minimally invasive technologies into a renal cell cancer surgery is relatively safe and possible under the given conditions, while the time of mastering laparoscopic technique in regional cancer center is comparable with the data available in the literature.

Effective kinetic parameters and a physical mechanism of the thermal and thermo-oxidative decomposition are determined for the new insulating polymeric material Penocom (ρ = 140 kg/m3) upon heating to 800°C at a constant rate from 5 to 20°C/min in an atmosphere of nitrogen and air. It is shown that the thermal decomposition of the foamed composite proceeds in two stages, each of them occurring according to a first-order kinetic law and a random nucleation mechanism. It is found experimentally that thermooxidative decomposition of the foamed composite occurs according to a diffusion mechanism D3 (n = 1/3) at all stages of the process. The DTG curves allow one to distinguish four stages of the mass loss rate in the form of overlapping Gaussians.

International audience; The Interhelioprobe mission aims to investigate the inner heliosphere and the Sun from close distances (up to 0.3 AU) and from out of the ecliptic plane (up to 30°). In this paper we present the relevance of the mission and its main scientific objectives, describe the scientific payload, ballistic scenario and orbits of the spacecraft. Possibilities of scientific cooperation with other solar and heliospheric space missions are also mentioned.

The work is devoted to the study of the characteristics of the PING-M hard x-ray polarimeter using its physical model (PING-P FM). The PING-M instrument is developed jointly by the Moscow Engineering Physical Iinstitute and the Ioffe Institute for the mission “Interhelioprobe”. The operation of the device is based on Compton scattering. The degree and direction of linear polarization are determined by measuring the asymmetry of the scattered radiation field. The device uses active scatterers that register the Compton recoil electron. A useful event is the case when two impulses in the detector-scatterer and in the detector-receiver of scattered radiation coincide. The physical model represents the detector part of the polarimeter. It contains three scatterers and six receivers of scattered radiation – a total of 18 pairs of detectors oriented at different azimuthal angles. As a result of the experiments, the dependences of counting rates in pairs of detectors on the positional angle of the polarization plane of the incident radiation were measured. The modulation depth of this dependence determines the sensitivity of the device to the polarization degree. The sensitivity of the device is estimated.

The paper describes the physical model of the PING-P polarimetry unit of the PING-M X-ray polarimeter. The polarimeter is developed jointly by the Ioffe Institute and the Institute of Astrophysics of the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute for the Interhelioprobe mission. The model (PING-P-FM), made by the Ioffe Institute, represents the detector part of the polarimeter. The polarization degree is determined by the measurement of the asymmetry of the scattered radiation field. The device uses active scatterers based on paraterphenyl crystals for detecting the events of Compton scattering. A useful signal is the coincidence of pulses from one of the active scatterers (detector-scatterer) and one detector-receiver of scattered radiation. The polarimetry unit contains 3 detector-scatterers and 6 detector-receivers, thus resulting in 18 measurement channels. The requirements for instrument symmetry and stability of the measuring channels are high. The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the parameters of the measuring channels of the PING-P-FM model and their calibrations at different X-ray energies using Cd-109, Am-241, and Ba-133 isotope sources.

The main characteristics of the PENGUIN-M instrument are given. The instrument has been operating aboard the CORONAS-PHOTON spacecraft (SC) launched into orbit on January 30, 2009. The instrument includes the PENGUIN-MD detector unit (PMD) and the PENGUIN-ME electronic unit (PMD). The purpose of the experiment is to measure the degree of linear polarization of X-ray radiation from solar flares in the energy range of 20–150 keV and to obtain energy spectra of X-ray radiation from solar flares in the energy range of 2–500 keV. The paper describes the instrument, calibration procedure, and in-flight adjustment, and contains the first results of measurements.

The article focuses on the results of the investigation of peripheral blood lymphocyte morphofunctional status in healthy volunteers and renal allograft recipients for early postoperative period. Working out noninvasive tests for diagnosis of acute renal allograft rejection based on the measuring of cell morphometric parameters by method of coherent phase microscopy (CPM). It was found out that the lymphocyte phase height was proportional cell image density and its geometrical thickness. Our results showed that the variations of immunocompetent cell morphometric indicants can be in advance the dynamics of blood creatine increasing and answer for early criteria of acute renal allograft rejection.

The morphofunctional status of peripheral blood platelets from 16 recipients, 16 optimal and 16 marginal donors renal allograft were investigated by method of vital computer phase morphometry (phase-interference microscope «Cytoscan»). The abnormality of platelet hemostasis was found out in recipients and potential renal allograft donors. Such hemostasis damages can promote the thrombotic complications and failure of microcirculation in renal parenchymatous tissue.

The IMPA-ModFD-2 model of the feedstock mixture for mathematical modeling of selective treatment of deasphalted product was developed and combined with laboratory modeling on real mixtures and allows using the advantages of both methods for developing new and improving existing processes and equipment. A general description of the mixture and its structural-group composition are presented. A special feature of the mixture is the presence of sulfur-containing components. This allows calculating one of the key indexes in treatment of deasphalted product — the sulfur content, which is significantly limited in selective treatment raffinates. The results of the mathematical modeling shows the acceptable agreement with the analytical data.

The PINGVIN-M polarimeter was launched into orbit on January 31, 2009, as a part of the equipment of the KORONAS-FOTON Satellite. We discuss the results from recording solar flares using the PINGVIN-M polarimeter in the year 2009. We also consider the statistical characteristics of the recorded B- and C-class solar flares in terms of time, plasma temperature, and volume of emission.

We describe the main parameters of the PENGUIN-MD detector unit of the PENGUIN-M instrument designed to measure the degree of linear polarization of X-ray radiation from solar flares in the energy range 20–150 keV and the X-ray spectra of solar flares in the energy range 2–500 keV. The method for measuring the X-ray polarization employed in the PENGUIN-MD unit is based on registration of coincidences in an active scatterer and scattered-radiation detectors. This method makes it possible to substantially reduce the background and to increase the sensitivity and reliability of the measurements.

A technological process of removing a complex-shaped ceramic core from the interior of GTE thin-walled blade castings is considered. We propose an aluminium oxide-based method for removing a core by leaching accompanied by process intensification with a carboxylic acid additive.

The twenty-year experience of the surgical treatment of 42 patients with intrathoracic goiters is presented. Roentgenologic methods are the basis of the examination standard program of patients. The treatment of intrathoracic goiters may be only operative. There are indications to the operation: the high probability of the goiter malignancy (15-17%) and the presence of the squeeze syndrome of neck and mediastinum organs. There are surgical accesses: Kokhers cervical incision in substernal localization of the goiter, thoracotomy in the full intrathoracic goiter.

New technologies of diagnostics of post-operative period complications in newborns (measure of procalcitonin level, serum wedge-shaped dehydration method), as well as introduction of discrete plasmopheresis and fiber-optic bronchoscopy via the laringeal mask, present necessery additions to traditinally used methods of treatment in a children's intensive care unit, improving the results of its work.

To study infectious complications in renal transplant recipients receiving mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for prevention of acute transplant rejection or treatment of chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN).A group of renal transplant recipients (n=47) receiving 1.0-2.0 g/day MMF with cyclosporine A (CsA) and steroids as maintaining immunosuppression was compared to a group (n=47) taking triple immunosuppressive therapy which included azathioprine (Aza). Separate group of patients (n=9) received MMF for treatment of CAN. In all groups etiology and incidence of infections were evaluated.During 2 years various posttransplant infections developed in 72.3% patients on MMF and 93.6% on Aza. The incidence of viral infections was 53.2% in MMF and 59.6% in Aza group, the incidence of bacterial infection--55.3 and 70.2%, respectively. Among 9 recipients with CAN the infections occurred in five. There were two cases of active tuberculosis in Aza group, one--in MMF group and one in patients with CAN.We suggest that MMF in the dose 1-2 g/day does not increase infection rates in renal transplant recipients comparing Aza.

Central hemodynamics was studied by integral polyrheography in 24 patients with acute renal failure (ARF) during hemofiltration (HF) and in 18 patients with ARF during peritoneal dialysis. All central hemodynamic parameters improved by the end of HF. However stroke volume decreased by 26.6%, stroke index by 24.4%, minute volume by 25.7%, and cardiac index by 24.8% as early as at the moment of extracorporeal contour filling. This was paralleled by an increase of total peripheral vascular resistance from 1321 +/- 124 to 1586 +/- 106 din/(cm*c-5) (by 16.7%). Hence, clear-cut signs of centralization of circulation were seen during the initial period of HF in patients with ARF. Peritoneal dialysis did not lead to centralization of circulation in patients with ARF; moreover, minute heart volume increased by 9% during some stages of the procedure, stroke volume increased significantly (p0.05), other parameters increased, but total peripheral vascular resistance was virtually unchanged. After removal of dialysis solution from the abdominal cavity all hemodynamic parameters returned to the initial values. Hence, both hemofiltration and peritoneal dialysis ameliorate the central hemodynamics. However peritoneal dialysis does not involve even temporary centralization of circulation, which has a positive impact on the course of acute tubular necrosis.

Selective detoxication of the blood from the portal vein was carried out in 31 patients with peritonitis complicated by multiple organ dysfunction including toxic hepatopathy. Selective extracorporeal detoxication of the blood from the portal vein possesses notable regional hemodynamic advantages in comparison with other variants of vascular approaches and essentially improves the transhepatic bloodflow. The authors emphasize that bifiltration cascade exchange portoplasmapheresis is a method of choice in severe toxic hepatopathy in patients with peritonitis. They recommend alternating bifiltration cascade exchange portoplasmapheresis with portohemofiltration in patients with toxic hepatonephropathy.

A mathematical method for prediction of good cast GTE turbine blade output is presented. The method takes into account a concurrent influence of different factors on the technological process and makes it possible not only to predict the blade quality but also to determine ways of its improvement.

The ecologic and toxicologic studies evaluated pollution of agriculture lands with 2,4-D herbicide, polychlorinated dioxins and furans in 6 regions of Bashkortostan Republic. Soils of exposed and reference objects were proved to be polluted with those chemicals. Concentrations of 2,4-D herbicide and dioxins depend on natural climate and soil conditions, pesticide treatment of agricultural plants. Dioxin and 2,4-D herbicide appeared to have migration ability--penetration to 1 m depth was noted.

Corrosion-resistant steels EI961-Sh (TU 14-1-1239–75), EP479-Sh (TU 14-1-1434–75) and high-speed steel R18 were quenched in vacuum furnaces with cooling in a medium of circulating inert gas (argon) at a pressure of 0.6 105, 105, 5.5 105 Pa. For comparison, the properties of steels EI961-Sh and EP479-Sh were studied after heat treatment in chamber furnaces with an oxidizing medium. The tested specimens of steels EI961-Sh and EP479-Sh were 10, 30, and 50 mm in diameter; the specimens of highspeed steel R18 were 6, 8, 10, and 14 mm in diameter. In order to simulate full charging, the specimens were charged into the furnace together with ballast pieces with the corresponding cross section. The heat treatment regimes are presented in Table 1. In order to estimate the cooling rate in quenching, the control thermocouple was calked in the center of the specimens with maximum cross section. The cooling rate was calculated from the diagram of the control thermocouple in the temperature range of carbide segregation (1000 – 500°C) for steels EI961-Sh, EP479-Sh and at 1000 – 550°C for steel R18. The quality of the treatment was estimated in terms of the mechanical properties r , 0.2 , , , KCU, the HRCe hardness, and the microstructure; fracture surfaces of impact specimens were examined visually.