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At all stages of flowering, a decisive role is played by the family of MADS-domain transcription factors, the combinatorial action of which is described by the ABCDE-model of flower development. The current volume of data suggests a high conservatism of ABCDE genes in angiosperms. The E-proteins SEPALLATA are the central hub of the MADS-complexes, which determine the identity of the floral organs. The only representative of the SEPALLATA3 clade in tomato Solanum lycopersicum L., SlMADS5, is involved in determining the identity of petals, stamens, and carpels; however, data on the functions of the gene are limited. The study was focused on the SlMADS5 functional characterization. Structural and phylogenetic analyses of SlMADS5 confirmed its belonging to the SEP3 clade. An in silico expression analysis revealed the absence of gene transcripts in roots, leaves, and shoot apical meristem, and their presence in flowers, fruits, and seeds at different stages of development. Two-hybrid analysis showed the ability of SlMADS5 to activate transcription of the target gene and interact with TAGL1. Transgenic plants Nicotiana tabacum L. with constitutive overexpression of SlMADS5 cDNA flowered 2.2 times later than the control; plants formed thickened leaves, 2.5–3.0 times thicker stems, 1.5–2.7 times shortened internodes, and 1.9 times fewer flowers and capsules than non-transgenic plants. The flower structure did not differ from the control; however, the corolla petals changed color from light pink to magenta. Analysis of the expression of SlMADS5 and the tobacco genes NtLFY, NtAP1, NtWUS, NtAG, NtPLE, NtSEP1, NtSEP2, and NtSEP3 in leaves and apexes of transgenic and control plants showed that SlMADS5 mRNA is present only in tissues of transgenic lines. The other genes analyzed were highly expressed in the reproductive meristem of control plants. Gene transcripts were absent or were imperceptibly present in the leaves and vegetative apex of the control, as well as in the leaves and apexes of transgenic lines. The results obtained indicate the possible involvement of SlMADS5 in the regulation of flower meristem development and the pathway of anthocyanin biosynthesis in petals.

Experimental development and manufacture of a SCARA-robot prototype for further use in laboratory stands is underway. The description of the experimental prototype, the control principle and the analysis of the results are given.

In the present study, the PSY1 and PSY2 homologous genes were identified in five accessions of three pepper species Capsicum annuum, Capsicum chinense, and Capsicum frutescens, differing in fruit pigmentation pattern. Within the group of studied accessions, the variability of PSY1 and PSY2 genomic and cDNA sequences was determined. The PSY1 and PSY2 sequences were 82% similar and differed in the N- and C-terminal NAGLRYSD and KLTSSSL indels, as well as in the conserved motifs characteristic of the PSY2 and PSY1 homologs. The expression of PSY1 and PSY2 was analyzed in leaves, sepals, petals, and ovaries, as well as in the peel and pulp of the fruits at the three stages of ripening in all five analyzed accessions. The maximum level of PSY1 expression was shown in the petals and in the pericarp of mature fruits of C. annuum and C. frutescens accessions. In the C. chinense cv. Pimenta da Neyde, PSY1 was expressed only in leaves. PSY2 transcripts were found in all analyzed organs of all pepper accessions; the maximum level was in the leaves, and the minimum level was in the fruit pericarp. The obtained data suggest that the PSY1 and PSY2 homologs of pepper species retained conserved key functions in the carotenoid synthesis in fruits (PSY1) and photosynthetic tissues (PSY2).

A comparison of the kinematics used in additive technologies is carried out in order to determine their advantages and disadvantages. The most promising kinematics will be used to create a laboratory stand based on it.

Starch degradation in plants is mediated by amylases, the activity of which is post-translationally regulated by inhibitors. It is assumed that the SbAI amylase inhibitor activity is associated with potato cold stress resistance. The study of possible correlations of the SbAI variability with the cold resistance of potato species will improve the understanding of the starch metabolism regulation during plant development and stress response. In the present study, the genome sequences homologous to SbAI were identified in 12 potato species of section Petota. In total, 36 allelic variants of the gene and 31 variants of the protein were revealed. Comparison with data on S. tuberosum cultivars showed that the SbAI cultivar polymorphism is 1.4–1.7 times higher than the interspecific, but the species possess a larger number of allelic variants. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that, for S. demissum, S. acaule, and S. stoloniferum, each species SbAI allelic variants did not get into one clade. The SbAI gene expression pattern was determined in various organs of the species S. tuberosum (cv. Nadezhda), S. rybinii, S. chacoense, and S. kurtzianum. In leaves, S. chacoense SbAI expression level was 13, 50, and 250 times higher than in S. tuberosum, S. kurtzianum, and S. rybinii, respectively. Varied levels of SbAI expression in the species may be due to different initial contents of both synthesized starch and reducing sugars in the leaves. In tubers, S. tuberosum SbAI expression was 5.2, 8.6, and 430 times higher than in S. kurtzianum, S. chacoense, and S. rybinii. In roots, S. rybinii SbAI expression was 2.4 times higher than in S. chacoense and 42.3 times higher than in S. kurtzianum and S. tuberosum. The absence of correlation between the SbAI expression level and the species cold resistance was shown. The obtained expression data suggest that different potato species and cultivars may differently regulate tuber starch content.

Background. Plant chloroplast genome have conservative structure, but its nucleotide sequence is polymorphous due to which cpDNA fragments are often used in taxonomic and phylogenetic studies. Despite the widespread distribution and use of Fabeae species, mainly peas ( Pisum ), data on the intraspecific diversity of cpDNA fragments are almost absent. The aim of the work was to analyze the intraspecific variability of three cpDNA spacers in Pisum. Materials and methods. As a result of the work, intergenic spacers trnY – trnT , trnH – psbA and rpoB – trnC in 38 accessions of the Pisum and related Fabeae species were sequenced. Despite the fact that the selected chloroplast fragments are generally considered to be sufficiently variable in plants and are often used for phylogenetic studies, Pisum accessions have been found to have no intraspecific differences in two of the three spacers sequences analyzed. Results and conclusion. A total 97 SNPs were detected in Pisum accessions, seven of them distinguished P. sativum from P. fulvum . The most variable of the analyzed fragments was the intergenic spacer rpoB–trnC . Based on rpoB–trnC sequence 17 haplotypes in P. sativum and four haplotypes in P. fulvum were revealed. The cpDNA sequencing data were used for a phylogenetic analysis. On the obtained tree Vavilovia formosa accession formed a separate branch from pea accessions. All Pisum accessions fall in one cluster, split into distinct P. sativum and P. fulvum subclusters (BI = 99%).

Genes homologous to PSY1 and PSY2 that encode phytoene synthase isoforms in Capsicum species C. baccatum, C. chinense, C. frutescens, C. tovarii, C. eximium, and C. chacoense were identified. High conservatism of functionally significant sites of phytoene synthases of the analyzed accessions was revealed. It was found that only PSY1-based clustering of pepper species corresponds to the traditional Capsicum phylogeny; C. eximium was a part of the Purple corolla complex, and C. chacoense was equidistant from Annuum and Baccatum clades. The absence of significant differences between PSY1 and PSY2 of yellow-fruited C. chinense and red-fruited pepper accessions was shown. The yellow color of C. chinense fruit may be the result of both decreased PSY1 expression and increased PSY2 transcription. Thus, it was demonstrated that the acquired fruit pigmentation retains strict phylogenetic limitations, which, however, can be overcome using artificial selection for the activity of phytoene synthase PSY1.

New TOMATO MADS 5 (TM5) homologous genes were identified in evolutionarily recent, red-fruited and more ancient, wild green-fruited tomato species. It was shown that the identified TM5 homologs belong to the SEPALLATA3 clade; thus, the SEP subfamily diversification was characterized. For the first time, the TM5 and RIN co-expression pattern was determined in flowers, immature green fruits, and ripe fruits of Solanum lycopersicum and in five wild tomato species. It was shown that, regardless of the species, the level of TM5 transcription in flowers was higher than that of RIN, whereas in fruits it was lower than the level of RIN transcription. The data obtained suggest that TM5, together with other transcription factors RIN and SlCMB1, is involved in the regulation of fruit development and ripening.

An experimental study of the effect of temperature control of the working area of the FFF / FDM 3D printer on the mechanical properties of the products was carried out. Materials and methods of research and analysis of results were presented.

Background. The increase of public satisfaction with the quality of medical care is one of the Russian healthcare issues. A method for increasing public satisfaction lies in modernizing the model of medical care, i.e. a shift from the paternalistic approach to the patient-oriented one in medical counseling. For its successful implementation, the image of the patient in the attending physician is of great importance. Objective. We hypothesized that targeted doctor training in professional communication skills will cause a qualitatively-quantitative change in the semantic content of the patient’s image. Therefore, the objective is studying changes of the patient’s image in medical students in the course of their participation in quasi-professional activities. Design. In order to test the hypothesis, we conducted an experimental study that included 250 (78.2% females, 21.8% males) first-year students of the Faculty of Medicine and Prevention, the Ural State Medical University. The average age of the participants is 18.8 years. To eliminate distortions in the responses of the participants, the patient’s image was studied from the perspective of a psychosemantic research approach. An important criterion in choosing an approach and a research method was the desire to identify implicit and in most cases indirect characteristics of the patient’s image. To study the subjective semantic spaces representing a set of subjective systems of meanings in relation to a patient, the method of bipolar and unipolar personality semantic differential was used Results. The results of factorial and comparative analysis (T-Student) by the methodology “Bipolar and unipolar personality semantic differential” showed that the content of the patient’s image as a semantic space of the world’s image of doctors with targeted training in professional communication skills tends to change when performing educational and professional tasks of clinical practice. Conclusion. The contents of the semantic category “patient image” is significantly expanding filled with various semantic meanings. Accordingly, various changes in the behaviour of future doctors turn to be possible. The results of the study can serve as the basis for integrating a targeted training of professional communication skills into the medical educational programs, which will increase the quality of doctors’ preparedness for practical activities and help increase public satisfaction with the quality of medical care.

A study of the specific time of 3D printing using the FFF technology of one gram of material is being carried out. It describes the methodology of the study, using software, and configure it in a study, an analysis of the data and the final results.

The sequences of the apoplastic invertase inhibitor gene INVINH1 were identified in 71 maize accessions from the collection of the Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). In total, 35 INVINH1 allelic variants were found. In 21 maize accessions, at position –95 from the start codon, INVINH1 contained an extended insertion (143, 190, 192, or 210 bp). In INVINH1 proteins, 21 amino acid substitutions were identified, six of which (A49V, A49G, A65P, S97I, C99R, and D108Y), predicted to be radical, were localized in the PMEI functional domain.

At all stages of f lowering, a decisive role is played by the family of MADS-domain transcription factors, the combinatorial action of which is described by the ABCDE-model of f lower development. The current volume of data suggests a high conservatism of ABCDE genes in angiosperms. The E-proteins SEPALLATA are the central hub of the MADS-complexes, which determine the identity of the f loral organs. The only representative of the SEPALLATA3 clade in tomato Solanum lycopersicum L., SlMADS5, is involved in determining the identity of petals, stamens, and carpels; however, data on the functions of the gene are limited. The study was focused on the SlMADS5 functional characterization. Structural and phylogenetic analyses of SlMADS5 conf irmed its belonging to the SEP3 clade. An in silico expression analysis revealed the absence of gene transcripts in roots, leaves, and shoot apical meristem, and their presence in f lowers, fruits, and seeds at different stages of development. Two-hybrid analysis showed the ability of SlMADS5 to activate transcription of the target gene and interact with TAGL1. Transgenic plants Nicotiana tabacum L. with constitutive overexpression of SlMADS5 cDNA f lowered 2.2 times later than the control; plants formed thickened leaves, 2.5-3.0 times thicker stems, 1.5-2.7 times shortened internodes, and 1.9 times fewer f lowers and capsules than non-transgenic plants. The f lower structure did not differ from the control; however, the corolla petals changed color from light pink to magenta. Analysis of the expression of SlMADS5 and the tobacco genes NtLFY, NtAP1, NtWUS, NtAG, NtPLE, NtSEP1, NtSEP2, and NtSEP3 in leaves and apexes of transgenic and control plants showed that SlMADS5 mRNA is present only in tissues of transgenic lines. The other genes analyzed were highly expressed in the reproductive meristem of control plants. Gene transcripts were absent or were imperceptibly present in the leaves and vegetative apex of the control, as well as in the leaves and apexes of transgenic lines. The results obtained indicate the possible involvement of SlMADS5 in the regulation of f lower meristem development and the pathway of anthocyanin biosynthesis in petals.На всех этапах цветения решающую роль играет семейство MADS-доменных транскрипцион- ных факторов, комбинаторное действие которых описывается ABCDE-моделью развития цветка. Современ- ный объем данных позволяет говорить о высоком консерватизме ABCDE-генов у покрытосеменных. Е-белки SEPALLATA являются центральным звеном MADS-комплексов, определяющих идентичность цветковых органов. Единственный представитель клады SEPALLATA3 томата Solanum lycopersicum L., SlMADS5, участвует в определении идентичности лепестков, тычинок и плодолистиков, однако данные о функциях гена ограни- чены. Целью работы стала функциональная характеристика SlMADS5. Структурно-филогенетический анализ SlMADS5 подтвердил его принадлежность к SEP3-кладе. Экспрессионный анализ in silico выявил отсутствие транскриптов гена в корнях, листьях и апикальной меристеме побега и их присутствие в цветках, плодах и се- менах на разных стадиях развития. Двугибридный анализ показал способность белка SlMADS5 активировать транскрипцию гена-мишени и взаимодействовать с белком TAGL1. Трансгенные растения Nicotiana tabacum L. с конститутивной сверхэкспрессией кДНК SlMADS5 цвели в 2.2 раза позже и формировали утолщенные ли- стья, имели в 2.5–3.0 раза более толстый стебель, в 1.5–2.7 раза укороченные междоузлия и в 1.9 раза меньше цветков и коробочек, чем нетрансгенные растения. Строение цветков от контроля не отличалось, однако ле- пестки венчика сменили окраску со светло-розовой на мадженту. Анализ экспрессии SlMADS5 и генов табака NtLFY, NtAP1, NtWUS, NtAG, NtPLE, NtSEP1, NtSEP2 и NtSEP3 в тканях листьев и апексов трансгенных и контроль- ных растений показал, что мРНК SlMADS5 присутствует только в тканях трансгенных линий. Остальные ана- лизируемые гены высоко экспрессировались в репродуктивной меристеме контрольных растений. Транс- крипты данных генов отсутствовали или присутствовали в следовых количествах в листьях и вегетативном апексе контроля, а также в листьях и апексах трансгенных линий. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о возможном участии гена SlMADS5 в регуляции развития меристемы цветка и пути биосинтеза антоцианов в лепестках.

Research shows that bedside communication training (in the workplace) is more effective if trainees have mastered the doctor-patient simulation cycle. The technologies are different: virtual and simulated patients, robotic patients. What learning tasks can they solved? Is it possible to effectively train doctors in professional communication with the involvement of virtual patients and robotic patients?

Genes homologous to PSY1 and PSY2 that encode phytoene synthase isoforms in Capsicum species C. baccatum, C. chinense, C. frutescens, C. tovarii, C. eximium, and C. chacoense were identified. High conservatism of functionally significant sites of phytoene synthases of the analyzed accessions was revealed. It was found that only PSY1-based clustering of pepper species corresponds to the traditional Capsicum phylogeny; C. eximium was a part of the Purple corolla complex, and C. chacoense was equidistant from Annuum and Baccatum clades. The absence of significant differences between PSY1 and PSY2 of yellow-fruited C. chinense and red-fruited pepper accessions was shown. The yellow color of C. chinense fruit may be the result of both decreased PSY1 expression and increased PSY2 transcription. Thus, it was demonstrated that the acquired fruit pigmentation retains strict phylogenetic limitations, which, however, can be overcome using artificial selection for the activity of phytoene synthase PSY1.

Розглянуто організацію виконання робіт при реконструкції та відновленні житлових і громадських будівель шляхом зведення вбудованих систем методом підйому перекриттів в умовах щільної міської забудови. Наведено особливості використання методу підйому перекриттів в умовах реконструкції будівель. Виявлено, що технологія реконструкції з використанням методу підйому перекриттів дозволяє практично відмовитися від використання підйомних кранів та значно (до 50%) зменшити необхідну площу будівельного майданчика порівняно з крановими способами зведення вбудованих конструкцій. Це дозволяє виконувати реконструкцію без обмеження руху транспорту по прилеглих вулицях і здійснювати будівництво в умовах щільної міської забудови.

The assessment of communication skills in the accreditation procedure is carried out in simulated conditions with the participation of a standardized patient (SP). SP is a clinical history simulator. A standardized patient in accreditation is a standard of behavior: the same conditions for all accredited, strict adherence to the clinical scenario, a dosed story of the scenario strictly in accordance with the accredited’ communicative actions (actions according to the checklist). The preparation of a joint venture in Russia at the moment is a continuous complex process. The theses present the results of the work carried out.

The problems of choosing metal-modifier for the surface of graphite electrodes used in voltammetric methods for analysis of a series of elements in solutions are reviewed. The presence of the modifier enhances the sensitivity of determination of elements using the graphite electrode, eliminates the impeding influence of some side processes, and makes it possible to determine elements having no electrooxidation peaks in the voltammograms in the working region of potentials of the graphite electrode.

The formation of a near-wall layer in a bulk material has been studied by computer-aided modeling. Numerical calculation results have been compared with the experimental data.

The intron located between the first and the second nucleotide of the leucine tRNA anticodon is the only representative of the group I introns in higher plants. In this work, the intron sequence of the plastid trnL gene was for the first time described in 16 legumes species and putative secondary structures of the full-length intron and its functional domains were reconstructed. A high level of polymorphism was detected for this intron in the Fabaceae genera and in the species within a single genus. Single nucleotide polymorphisms, have been found in the sequences of the catalytic center which are considered to be highly conservative.

The choice of antibiotic drug for purulent complications of infectious mononucleosis in children in an outpatient setting is limited by the requirement for oral administration. The clinical observation showed that antibiotic therapy with Sumamed® is comparable with cephalexin in terms of efficacy but has a higher safety profile. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of Sumamed®, lowest-frequency administration and lowest duration of the course may increase patients' adherence to antibiotic therapy.

In this work, a set of pea accessions obtained from the Vavilov Research Institute (VIR) collection comprising 83 P. sativum samples, including representatives of three subspecies, was studied using the AFLP method. Local cultivars for different uses with maximum ecological and geographical diversity (including those from the centers of origin of the species) were predominantly chosen for the study; a number of their morphological and biological characteristics were evaluated. We obtained 382 polymorphic AFLP fragments; each sample was characterized by a unique set of fragments. The genetic diversity of the studied material was evaluated, and a wide range of genetic differences in the investigated samples (0.07–0.27) was demonstrated. The affiliation of the samples to the certain subspecies was not confirmed by the obtained data; the ecogeographical differentiation of the samples was not reflected by the data. Factor analysis allowed us to identify the sample groups of European and Asian origin and the intermediate nature of most of the samples from the studied set of pea accessions.

The problem of purifying a liquid of a fine-disperse fraction of solid particles is solved by computer-aided modeling. The formation of an admixture sediment layer and the effect of admixture particle characteristics on the purification of a liquid are demonstrated. The proposed method of modeling allows us to take into account the phenomena that occur at the level of individual particles and pores and visualize the process of purification, as well as yields data that are difficult to obtain experimentally.

For the first time the sequences of b/c intron of mitochondrial gene Nad1 have been determined in representatives of 13 Vicia species. It is shown that the sequences of the intron of the gene in these species is highly conservative. In total 23 variable sites and 11 indels have been determined with the intron length 1421–1447 b. p. On the basis of the results of pre-m-RNA intron folding the main elements of its secondary structure have been determined as well as the sites of interdomain interactions. The peculiarities of primary and secondary structure of intron Nad1 in Vicia have been characterized.

A four-stage purification procedure including ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose has been elaborated for isolation of isocitrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.1) isoforms from the cotyledons of soybean Glycine max L. Electrophoretically homogeneous preparations of two forms of the enzyme with specific activity of 5.28 and 5.81 U/mg protein have been obtained. Comparison of physicochemical, kinetic, and regulation characteristics of the isoforms obtained revealed fundamental differences between them. Thus, the isoform that migrated quickly in PAAG had a much lower affinity to isocitrate (KM — 50 μM) than the slowly migrating form (KM — 16 μM). It has been shown that the conservation of activity of the isoforms obtained depends on the presence of divalent cations (Mn2+ and Mg2+) in the medium. It is suggested to use the isoforms of isocitrate lyase isolated from soybeans for the development of biosensors for biochemical and kinetic assays.

The statics of process of dehydration and property of synthetic surface-active substance of sulfonol as object of drying is investigated. Are experimentally received and isotherms of sorbtion of sulfonol are mathematical described. As a result of the analysis of curves of sorbtion conclusions are drawn on change of the form of communication of a moisture with a material, recommendations for choice final humidity of a dried up product are made. The analysis of thermodynamics internal mass exchange is carried out at interaction of sulfonol with water.

The kinetics of the infrared drying of the solution of sulfonol in the foam state was studied on the basis of experimental-analytical studies. Curves of dehydration and velocity of drying were get, their mathematical simulation was executed. As a result of the analysis of the curves of the drying speed we made conclusion about the mechanism of the transfer of water inside the product in the process of dehydration.

The discrete element method is applied to model a technology for clarification of industrial waste water containing fine-dispersed solid impurities. The process is analyzed at the level of discrete particles and pores. The effect of filter porosity on the volume fraction of particles has been shown. The degree of clarification of mine water was also calculated depending on the coal slurry particle size, taking into account the adhesion force.

Doctor. Gas. 1903. Nos. 35-36.Having found out with a brief literary sketch that in the question of the role of the liver in infection from the intestine, the meaning of the state of the liver itself in the fight against infection is not sufficiently defended, the author wants the pathological and histological study of the case presented to him to contribute to this issue.