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3. Nanostructured 3C-SiC on Si by a network of (111) platelets: a fully textured film generated by intrinsic growth anisotropy

Author

G. M. Vanacore, D. Chrastina, E. Scalise, L. Barbisan, A. Ballabio, M. Mauceri, F. La Via, G. Capitani, D. Crippa, A. Marzegalli, R. Bergamaschini, L. Miglio, Vanacore, G, Chrastina, D, Scalise, E, Barbisan, L, Ballabio, A, Mauceri, M, La Via, F, Capitani, G, Crippa, D, Marzegalli, A, Bergamaschini, R, and Miglio, L

Subjects
General Physics and Astronomy, Chemical vapor deposition, Defects, nanosheet, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 3C-SiC
Abstract

In this paper, we address the unique nature of fully textured, high surface-to-volume 3C-SiC films, as produced by intrinsic growth anisotropy, in turn generated by the high velocity of the stacking fault growth front in two-dimensional (111) platelets. Structural interpretation of high resolution scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy data is carried out for samples grown in a hot-wall low-pressure chemical vapour deposition reactor with trichlorosilane and ethylene precursors, under suitable deposition conditions. By correlating the morphology and the X-ray diffraction analysis we also point out that twinning along (111) planes is very frequent in such materials, which changes the free-platelet configuration.

Published
2022

4. The Imaging X-Ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE): technical overview IV

Author

D. Zachery Allen, Stephen D. Bongiorno, Lee Reedy, M. Ceccanti, Tim Seek, Stephen L. O'Dell, MacKenzie Ferrie, Paolo Sarra, Chet O. Speegle, H.Kyle Byggott, John Rankin, Joseph Footdale, Kevin Ferrant, Carmelo Sgrò, Noah Root, Alessio Nuti, Alda Rubini, Ciro Caporale, Steven D. Pavelitz, Scott C. Mitchell, Maura Pilia, Ettore Delmonte, Toan Nguyen, Marcello Tardiola, S. Castellano, Federico Mosti, Christopher Schroeder, Randy M. Baggett, C. Oppedisano, Simonetta Puccetti, Allyn F. Tennant, Brent Forsyth, Marco Vimercati, Enrico Costa, Alessio Trois, Marco Castronuovo, Giusseppe Di Persio, Grant Hibbard, Elisabetta Cavazutti, Hikmat Nasimi, Nicholas Thomas, Leonardo Orsini, Jeff Bladt, Christopher Boree, Paolo Soffitta, Elisa D'Alba, Francesco Santoli, Eric Kelly, Saverio Citraro, Michele Pinchera, Michelle Foster, Daniele Brienza, Francesco Zanetti, M. Negro, Roger W. Romani, Kalie Sosdian, Riccardo Ferrazzoli, Antonino Tobia, Sergio Fabiani, Darren Osborne, Herman L. Marshall, Elio Mangravati, Michael McEachen, Brian D. Ramsey, Claudia Cardelli, Ajay Ratheesh, Giorgio Matt, Pasqualino Lofredo, Richard Pacheco, Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak, Samantha Johnson, I. Donnarumma, Jeffery Wedmore, Y. Evangelista, Shuichi Gunji, Colin Peterson, Fabio La Monaca, Christina Pentz, Kurtis L. Dietz, Ronaldo Bellazzini, M. Perri, Mauro Centrone, Javier Sánchez, Fabio Borotto, Jason Andersen, Alberto Manfreda, Gloria Spandre, Isaac Nitschke, Mitch Onizuka, Alessandro Brez, Alessandra Marrocchesi, Fabio D'Amico, Shawn Breeding, Jeffrey McCracken, Francesco Massaro, Will Painter, Rafaella Bonino, Michael Head, Shelley Le Roy, Kiranmayee Kilaru, Paolo Mereu, Raffaele Piazzolla, Luca Cavalli, William D. Deininger, Fabrizio Amici, Martin C. Weisskopf, F. Muleri, Cheryl Alexander, S. Maldera, Andrea Sciortino, Primo Attina, Leonardo Lucchesi, David Welch, E. Scalise, Barbara Negri, Angelo Antonelli, Jaganathan Ranganathan, Matteo Bachetti, Benjamin Garelick, Carlo Lefevre, Mattia Barbanera, W. H. Baumgartner, Marco Marengo, Niccolò Di Lalla, Ikuyuki Mitsuishi, William Kalinowski, Stephanie Ruswick, Bruce Weddendorf, Eli Gurnee, Toru Tamagawa, Fei Xie, Amy L. Walden, Robert Valerie, Luca Latronico, Massimo Minuti, David Dolan, Rita Carpentiero, Rondal Mize, David Mauger, Alessandro Profeti, Paolo Lorenzi, Alessandro Paggi, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, Luca Baldini, Alessandro Di Marco, Alfredo Morbidini, Guido Magazzu, Spencer Antoniak, and Tyler Maddox

Subjects
Spacecraft, gas pixel detectors, Computer science, Payload, business.industry, grazing-incidence optics, Detector, Polarimetry, law.invention, Telescope, X-ray polarimetry, law, Observatory, Orbit (dynamics), Focal length, X-ray polarimetry, gas pixel detectors, grazing-incidence optics, business, Remote sensing
Abstract

Scheduled to launch in late 2021 the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) is a Small Explorer Mission designed to open up a new window of investigation -- X-ray polarimetry. The IXPE observatory features 3 identical telescope each consisting of a mirror module assembly with a polarization-sensitive imaging x-ray detector at its focus. An extending beam, deployed on orbit provides the necessary 4 m focal length. The payload sits atop a 3-axis stabilized spacecraft which among other things provides power, attitude determination and control, commanding, and telemetry to the ground. During its 2-year baseline mission, IXPE will conduct precise polarimetry for samples of multiple categories of x-ray sources, with follow-on observations of selected targets. IXPE is a partnership between NASA and the Italian Space Agency (ASI).

Published
2021
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5. The Instrument of the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer

Author

Leonardo Lucchesi, S. Nenonen, Alessandro Brez, Simonetta Puccetti, Luca Latronico, Hans Andersson, Mattia Barbanera, Ciro Caporale, Leonardo Orsini, Luca Baldini, Michele Pinchera, Alessandro Profeti, Federico Mosti, Alessandro Di Marco, M. Perri, M. Ceccanti, Ettore Del Monte, Ajay Ratheesh, Claudia Cardelli, Elisa D'Alba, Antonino Tobia, Paolo Lorenzi, Niccolò Di Lalla, Maura Pilia, Elio Mangraviti, Rita Carpentiero, E. Scalise, Barbara Negri, Daniele Brienza, Matteo Bachetti, Alfredo Morbidini, Carlo Magazzu, Toru Tamagawa, Alessio Trois, Carmelo Sgrò, Fei Xie, Pasqualino Loffredo, Giuseppe Di Persio, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, Sergio Di Cosimo, S. Castellano, John Rankin, Massimo Minuti, Primo Attinà, Riccardo Ferrazzoli, Marco Castronuovo, Marco Marengo, Francesco Santoli, Luca Cavalli, Saverio Citraro, Takao Kitaguchi, Fabrizio Amici, Paolo Mereu, Toshio Nakano, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, Paolo Soffitta, Mauro Centrone, Alberto Manfreda, Asami Hayato, Fabio D'Amico, E. Cavazzuti, Ronaldo Bellazzini, Gloria Spandre, Enrico Costa, Stefano Ciprini, Raffaele Piazzolla, Giorgio Matt, Fabio La Monaca, Alda Rubini, Marcello Tardiola, Alessio Nuti, Marco Vimercati, Sergio Fabiani, Fabio Borotto, S. Maldera, Andrea Sciortino, Carlo Lefevre, Fabio Muleri, Paolo Sarra, Hikmat Nasimi, Soffitta, P., Baldini, L., Bellazzini, R., Costa, E., Latronico, L., Muleri, F., Del Monte, E., Fabiani, S., Minuti, M., Pinchera, M., Sgro', C., Spandre, G., Trois, A., Amici, F., Andersson, H., Attina', P., Bachetti, M., Barbanera, M., Borotto, F., Brez, A., Brienza, D., Caporale, C., Cardelli, C., Carpentiero, R., Castellano, S., Castronuovo, M., Cavalli, L., Cavazzuti, E., Ceccanti, M., Centrone, M., Ciprini, S., Citraro, S., D'Amico, F., D'Alba, E., Di Cosimo, S., Di Lalla, N., Di Marco, A., Di Persio, G., Donnarumma, I., Evangelista, Y., Ferrazzoli, R., Hayato, A., Kitaguchi, T., La Monaca, F., Lefevre, C., Loffredo, P., Lorenzi, P., Lucchesi, L., Magazzu, C., Maldera, S., Manfreda, A., Mangraviti, E., Marengo, M., Matt, G., Mereu, P., Morbidini, A., Mosti, F., Nakano, T., Nasimi, H., Negri, B., Nenonen, S., Nuti, A., Orsini, L., Perri, M., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piazzolla, R., Pilia, M., Profeti, A., Puccetti, S., Rankin, J., Ratheesh, A., Rubini, A., Santoli, F., Sarra, P., Scalise, E., Sciortino, A., Tamagawa, T., Tardiola, M., Tobia, A., Vimercati, M., and Xie, F.

Subjects
Physics, X-ray astronomy, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, X-ray, Polarimetry, X-ray detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Optics, Space and Planetary Science, X-ray, Polarimetry — Instrumentation, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

While X-ray Spectroscopy, Timing and Imaging have improved verymuch since 1962, when the first astronomical non-solar source was discovered, especially with the launch of Newton/X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission, Rossi/X-ray Timing Explorer and Chandra/Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility, the progress of X-ray polarimetry has been meager. This is in part due to the lack of sensitive polarization detectors, in part due to the fate of approved missions and in part because the celestial X-ray sources appeared less polarized than expected. Only one positive measurement has been available until now. Indeed the eight Orbiting Solar Observatory measured the polarization of the Crab nebula in the 70s. The advent of techniques of microelectronics allowed for designing a detector based on the photoelectric effect in gas in an energy range where the optics are efficient in focusing X-rays. Herewe describe the Instrument, which is the major contribution of the Italian collaboration to the SmallExplorer mission called IXPE, the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer, which will be flown in late 2021. The instrument, is composed of three Detector Units, based on this technique, and a Detector Service Unit. Three Mirror Modules provided by Marshall Space Flight Center focus X-rays onto the detectors. In the following we will show the technological choices, their scientific motivation and the results from the calibration of the Instrument. IXPE will perform imaging, timing and energy resolved polarimetry in the 2-8 keV energy band opening this window of X-ray astronomy to tens of celestial sources of almost all classes., 25 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables (accepted for publication in Astronomical Journal)

Published
2021

6. IXPE DU-FM ions-UV filters characterization

Author

Francesco Santoli, Sergio Fabiani, Riccardo Ferrazzoli, Y. Evangelista, Pasqualino Loffredo, John Rankin, Fabio La Monaca, Fabrizio Amici, Alessandro Di Marco, Fabio Muleri, Raffaele Piazzolla, Sergio Di Cosimo, Paolo Soffitta, Ben Zeiger, Alessio Trois, Carlo Lefevre, Ajay Ratheesh, Primo Attina, Alfredo Morbidini, E. Scalise, Alda Rubini, Fei Xie, Enrico Costa, Daniele Brienza, Giuseppe Di Persio, Antonino Tobia, ITA, and USA

Subjects
Physics, X-Ray polarimetry, business.industry, Detector, X-ray, Polarimetry, Polarimeter, Collimator, law.invention, Optics, Filter (video), law, GPD, Calibration, X-Ray, IXPE, Monochromatic color, business, IXPE, X-Ray, X-Ray polarimetry, ions-UV filter, GPD, ions-UV filter
Abstract

IXPE (Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer) is a NASA SMEX in a partnership with ASI. The focal plane Detector Units (DUs) and the Detector Service Unit (DSU) were developed by the Italian research Institutes INAF-IAPS and INFN and were manufactured by OHB-I. IXPE will investigate X-ray polarimetry in the 2-8 keV energy band. The payload comprises three identical telescopes, each composed of a mirror and a detector unit with an X-ray polarimeter based on the Gas Pixel Detector (GPD). A stray-light collimator (SLC) is mounted on the top of the DU to shield the GPD from background X-rays not coming from the optics. At the bottom of the SLC, an ions-UV filter is mounted to reduce the thermal load and to prevent ions and UV from entering the DU. The ions-UV filters consist mainly of 1 um LUXFilm (based on polyimide). During on-ground calibration activities of the IXPE DUs, X-ray transparency of DU-FM ions-UV filters was measured with monochromatic X-ray at 2.7 keV and 6.4 keV at INAF-IAPS.

Published
2021

7. Design, construction, and test of the Gas Pixel Detectors for the IXPE mission

Author

Carlo Magazzu, E. Del Monte, Paolo Sarra, Alessandro Brez, Alessandra Marrocchesi, Elisa D'Alba, A. Rubini, Rita Carpentiero, Takao Kitaguchi, Luca Cavalli, Guido Magazzu, John Rankin, Alfredo Morbidini, S. Nenonen, E. Cavazzuti, Fabio Borotto, C. Oppedisano, Marco Marengo, Gloria Spandre, Federico Mosti, Francesco Zanetti, Primo Attina, Sergio Fabiani, E. Scalise, Barbara Negri, Michele Pinchera, Francesco Santoli, Simonetta Puccetti, Ciro Caporale, F. La Monaca, Saverio Citraro, R. Bonino, Fabrizio Amici, Fei Xie, F. Muleri, Paolo Lorenzi, Luca Latronico, Leonardo Orsini, Marcello Tardiola, Antonino Tobia, Matteo Bachetti, Mauro Centrone, Allyn F. Tennant, Alessandro Profeti, Claudia Cardelli, Alberto Manfreda, S. Di Cosimo, P. Soffitta, Daniele Brienza, Raffaele Piazzolla, Wayne H. Baumgartner, S. Maldera, Andrea Sciortino, M. Perri, Carlo Lefevre, Ajay Ratheesh, Steve O'Dell, N. Di Lalla, Luca Baldini, Maura Pilia, Elio Mangraviti, Marco Castronuovo, Alessio Trois, Fabio D'Amico, Alessio Nuti, Paolo Mereu, A. Di Marco, K. Uchiyama, Leonardo Lucchesi, D. Zanetti, Giorgio Matt, Enrico Costa, Martin C. Weisskopf, Y. Zhou, Toshio Nakano, Marco Vimercati, S. Pieraccini, Ronaldo Bellazzini, R. Ferrazzoli, T. Meilahti, Toru Tamagawa, Pasqualino Loffredo, Massimo Minuti, G. Di Persio, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, Carmelo Sgrò, S. Castellano, Hikmat Nasimi, Hans Andersson, Brian D. Ramsey, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, M. Ceccanti, M. Barbanera, Baldini, L., Barbanera, M., Bellazzini, R., Bonino, R., Borotto, F., Brez, A., Caporale, C., Cardelli, C., Castellano, S., Ceccanti, M., Citraro, S., Di Lalla, N., Latronico, L., Lucchesi, L., Magazzu, C., Magazzu, G., Maldera, S., Manfreda, A., Marengo, M., Marrocchesi, A., Mereu, P., Minuti, M., Mosti, F., Nasimi, H., Nuti, A., Oppedisano, C., Orsini, L., Pesce-Rollins, M., Pinchera, M., Profeti, A., Sgro, C., Spandre, G., Tardiola, M., Zanetti, D., Amici, F., Andersson, H., Attina, P., Bachetti, M., Baumgartner, W., Brienza, D., Carpentiero, R., Castronuovo, M., Cavalli, L., Cavazzuti, E., Centrone, M., Costa, E., D'Alba, E., D'Amico, F., Del Monte, E., Di Cosimo, S., Di Marco, A., Di Persio, G., Donnarumma, I., Evangelista, Y., Fabiani, S., Ferrazzoli, R., Kitaguchi, T., La Monaca, F., Lefevre, C., Loffredo, P., Lorenzi, P., Mangraviti, E., Matt, G., Meilahti, T., Morbidini, A., Muleri, F., Nakano, T., Negri, B., Nenonen, S., O'Dell, S. L., Perri, M., Piazzolla, R., Pieraccini, S., Pilia, M., Puccetti, S., Ramsey, B. D., Rankin, J., Ratheesh, A., Rubini, A., Santoli, F., Sarra, P., Scalise, E., Sciortino, A., Soffitta, P., Tamagawa, T., Tennant, A. F., Tobia, A., Trois, A., Uchiyama, K., Vimercati, M., Weisskopf, M. C., Xie, F., Zanetti, F., and Zhou, Y.

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Pixel, Emphasis (telecommunications), Detector, Gas detectors, X-ray polarimetry, Polarimetry, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Dead time, X-ray polarimetry Gas detectors, Noise (electronics), Cardinal point, Application-specific integrated circuit, Gas detector, Electronic engineering, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

Due to be launched in late 2021, the Imaging X-Ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) is a NASA Small Explorer mission designed to perform polarization measurements in the 2-8 keV band, complemented with imaging, spectroscopy and timing capabilities. At the heart of the focal plane is a set of three polarization-sensitive Gas Pixel Detectors (GPD), each based on a custom ASIC acting as a charge-collecting anode. In this paper we shall review the design, manufacturing, and test of the IXPE focal-plane detectors, with particular emphasis on the connection between the science drivers, the performance metrics and the operational aspects. We shall present a thorough characterization of the GPDs in terms of effective noise, trigger efficiency, dead time, uniformity of response, and spectral and polarimetric performance. In addition, we shall discuss in detail a number of instrumental effects that are relevant for high-level science analysis -- particularly as far as the response to unpolarized radiation and the stability in time are concerned., Comment: To be published in Astroparticle Physics

Published
2021

8. The IXPE Instrument Calibration Equipment

Author

Maura Pilia, Pasqualino Loffredo, Alessio Trois, Paolo Soffitta, Ettore Del Monte, Y. Evangelista, Carlo Lefevre, Alessandro Di Marco, Sergio Di Cosimo, Alfredo Morbidini, Matteo Bachetti, Sergio Fabiani, Enrico Costa, Alda Rubini, Primo Attina, E. Scalise, Antonino Tobia, Fabrizio Amici, Francesco Santoli, M. Perri, Fei Xie, Fabio Muleri, Mauro Centrone, Giuseppe Di Persio, Simonetta Puccetti, Ajay Ratheesh, R. Ferrazzoli, John Rankin, Daniele Brienza, Raffaele Piazzolla, and Fabio La Monaca

Subjects
Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Payload, Detector, Polarimetry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, X-rays Polarimetry Calibration Space missions, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Polarization (waves), Space exploration, Cardinal point, Calibration, Sensitivity (control systems), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Remote sensing
Abstract

The Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer is a mission dedicated to the measurement of X-ray polarization from tens of astrophysical sources belonging to different classes. Expected to be launched at the end of 2021, the payload comprises three mirrors and three focal plane imaging polarimeters, the latter being designed and built in Italy. While calibration is always an essential phase in the development of high-energy space missions, for IXPE it has been particularly extensive both to calibrate the response to polarization, which is peculiar to IXPE, and to achieve a statistical uncertainty below the expected sensitivity. In this paper we present the calibration equipment that was designed and built at INAF-IAPS in Rome, Italy, for the calibration of the polarization-sensitive focal plane detectors on-board IXPE. Equipment includes calibration sources, both polarized and unpolarized, stages to align and move the beam, test detectors and their mechanical assembly. While all these equipments were designed to fit the specific needs of the IXPE Instrument calibration, their versatility could also be used in the future for other projects., Comment: 17 pages, 25 figures

Published
2021
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13. Study of the γ-ray source 1AGL J2022+4032 in the Cygnus region

Author

F. Longo, Elsa Beatriz Giacani, G. Piano, Arnaud Ferrari, A. Zambra, F. D'Ammando, C. Pittori, M. Feroci, M. Fiorini, P. Picozza, M. Rapisarda, G. De Paris, Gloria Mabel Dubner, A. Pellizzoni, E. Costa, E. Del Monte, G. Pucella, V. Vittorini, F. Perotti, A. Trois, M. Trifoglio, A. Morselli, M. Tavani, E. Vallazza, F. Gianotti, P. A. Caraveo, A. Argan, M. Pilia, A. Giuliani, Francesco Lucarelli, P. Soffitta, Andrea Bulgarelli, F. Lazzarotto, F. Fuschino, S. Vercellone, P. Lipari, P. Santolamazza, A. Rappoldi, E. Scalise, E. Striani, M. Giusti, L. Pacciani, P. W. Cattaneo, A. W. Chen, L. A. Antonelli, M. Galli, F. Verrecchia, M. Prest, S. Sabatini, P. Giommi, E. Moretti, Claudio Labanti, L. Salotti, D. Zanello, G. Di Cocco, Sandro Mereghetti, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, S. Colafrancesco, Martino Marisaldi, G. Barbiellini, A. W., Chen, G., Piano, M., Tavani, A., Troi, G., Dubner, E., Giacani, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, A., Bulgarelli, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, E., Costa, F., D'Ammando, Paris, G., Monte, E., Cocco, G., I., Donnarumma, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, A., Ferrari, M., Fiorini, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, A., Giuliani, M., Giusti, C., Labanti, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, S., Mereghetti, E., Moretti, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, M., Prest, G., Pucella, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, S., Sabatini, E., Scalise, P., Soffitta, E., Striani, M., Trifoglio, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, V., Vittorini, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, C., Pittori, P., Giommi, F., Verrecchia, F., Lucarelli, P., Santolamazza, S., Colafrancesco, L. A., Antonelli, L., Salotti, Chen AW, Piano G, Tavani M, Trois A, Dubner G, Giacani E, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Bulgarelli A, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Costa E, DAmmando F, De Paris G, Del Monte E, Di Cocco G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Ferrari A, Fiorini M, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Giuliani A, Giusti M, Labanti C, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Marisaldi M, Mereghetti S, Moretti E, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Picozza P, Pilia M, Prest M, Pucella G, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Sabatini S, Scalise E, Soffitta P, Striani E, Trifoglio M, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, Pittori C, Giommi P, Verrecchia F, Lucarelli F, Santolamazza P, Colafrancesco S, Antonelli LA, and Salotti L

Subjects
pulsars: individual: 1FGL J2021.5+4026, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Ciencias Físicas, pulsars: individual: 1AGL J2022+4032, gamma rays: stars, pulsars: individual: LAT PSR J2021+4026, pulsars: individual: 3EG J2020+4017, individual: LAT PSR J2021+4026 [pulsars], Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, star [gamma rays], law.invention, Telescope, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Pulsar, law, Blazar, Supernova remnant, individual: 1FGL J2021.5+4026 [pulsars], Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, individual: 3EG J2020+4017 [pulsars], purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], Light curve, stars [gamma rays], Astronomía, gamma ray, Space and Planetary Science, AGILE satellite, galactic source, supernova remnant Gamma Cygni, individual: 1AGL J2022+4032 [pulsars], pulsars: individual: 1AGL J2022+4032 / gamma rays: stars / pulsars: individual: 1FGL J2021.5+4026 / pulsars: individual: LAT PSR J2021+4026 / pulsars: individual: 3EG J2020+4017, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract

Identification of gamma-ray-emitting Galactic sources is a long-standing problem in astrophysics. One such source, 1AGL J2022+4032, coincident with the interior of the radio shell of the supernova remnant Gamma Cygni (SNR G78.2+2.1) in the Cygnus Region, has recently been identified by Fermi as a gamma-ray pulsar, LAT PSR J2021+4026. We present long-term observations of 1AGL J2022+4032 with the AGILE gamma-ray telescope, measuring its flux and light curve. We compare the light curve of 1AGL J2022+4032 with that of 1AGL J2021+3652 (PSR J2021+3651), showing that the flux variability of 1AGL J2022+4032 appears to be greater than the level predicted from statistical and systematic effects and producing detailed simulations to estimate the probability of the apparent observed variability. We evaluate the possibility that the gamma-ray emission may be due to the superposition of two or more point sources, some of which may be variable, considering a number of possible counterparts. We consider the possibility of a nearby X-ray quiet microquasar contributing to the flux of 1AGL J2022+4032 to be more likely than the hypotheses of a background blazar or intrinsic gamma-ray variabilty of LAT PSR J2021+4026., 7 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

Published
2010

14. Direct Evidence for Hadronic Cosmic-Ray Acceleration in the Supernova Renmant IC 443

Author

C. Pittori, Marco Feroci, F. Fuschino, Luigi Pacciani, Paolo Soffitta, G. De Paris, A. Giuliani, E. Scalise, Filippo D'Ammando, V. Cocco, M. Mastropietro, E. Del Monte, V. Vittorini, Arnaud Ferrari, Paolo Lipari, M. Trifoglio, Y. Evangelista, S. Vercellone, F. Perotti, Francesco Lazzarotto, P. Santolamazza, A. Zambra, A. Pellizzoni, G. Di Cocco, E. Striani, I. Lapshov, Fulvio Gianotti, I. Donnarumma, Martino Marisaldi, L. Salotti, Elena Moretti, Alda Rubini, P. W. Cattaneo, A. Rappoldi, A. W. Chen, P. Picozza, P. Giommi, Massimo Rapisarda, G. Pucella, F. Longo, D. Zanello, A. Argan, Andrea Bulgarelli, T. Contessi, Enrico Costa, Claudio Labanti, L. A. Antonelli, G. Piano, P. A. Caraveo, M. Galli, F. Verrecchia, Sandro Mereghetti, A. Morselli, S. Colafrancesco, M. Prest, Alessio Trois, M. Pilia, Marco Tavani, S. Sabatini, Ennio Morelli, G. Barbiellini, E. Vallazza, M., Tavani, A., Giuliani, A. W., Chen, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, A., Bulgarelli, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, V., Cocco, T., Contessi, F., D'Ammando, E., Costa, G. D., Pari, E. D., Monte, G. D., Cocco, I., Donnarumma, Y., Evangelista, A., Ferrari, M., Feroci, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, M., Mastropietro, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, E., Moretti, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, G., Piano, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, G., Pucella, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, E., Scalise, A., Rubini, S., Sabatini, E., Striani, P., Soffitta, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, V., Vittorini, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, C., Pittori, F., Verrecchia, P., Santolamazza, P., Giommi, S., Colafrancesco, L. A., Antonelli, L., Salotti, Tavani M, Giuliani A, Chen AW, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Bulgarelli A, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Cocco V, Contessi T, DAmmando F, Costa E, De Paris G, Del Monte E, Di Cocco G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Ferrari A, Feroci M, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Marisaldi M, Mastropietro M, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Moretti E, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Piano G, Picozza P, Pilia M, Pucella G, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Scalise E, Rubini A, Sabatini S, Striani E, Soffitta P, Trifoglio M, Trois A, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Santolamazza P, Giommi P, Colafrancesco S, Antonelli LA, and Salotti L

Subjects
Agile, Photon, Supernova Remnants, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Electron, Astrophysics, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, gamma ray production, supernova, Supernova remnant, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Molecular cloud, AGILE satellite, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Supernova, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, cosmic rays – gamma rays: general – ISM: supernova remnants – supernovae: general – supernovae: individual (IC 443)
Abstract

The Supernova Remnant (SNR) IC 443 is an intermediate-age remnant well known for its radio, optical, X-ray and gamma-ray energy emissions. In this Letter we study the gamma-ray emission above 100 MeV from IC 443 as obtained by the AGILE satellite. A distinct pattern of diffuse emission in the energy range 100 MeV-3 GeV is detected across the SNR with its prominent maximum (source "A") localized in the Northeastern shell with a flux F = (47 \pm 10) 10^{-8} photons cm^{-2} s^{-1} above 100 MeV. This location is the site of the strongest shock interaction between the SNR blast wave and the dense circumstellar medium. Source "A" is not coincident with the TeV source located 0.4 degree away and associated with a dense molecular cloud complex in the SNR central region. From our observations, and from the lack of detectable diffuse TeV emission from its Northeastern rim, we demonstrate that electrons cannot be the main emitters of gamma-rays in the range 0.1-10 GeV at the site of the strongest SNR shock. The intensity, spectral characteristics, and location of the most prominent gamma-ray emission together with the absence of co-spatial detectable TeV emission are consistent only with a hadronic model of cosmic-ray acceleration in the SNR. A high-density molecular cloud (cloud "E") provides a remarkable "target" for nucleonic interactions of accelerated hadrons: our results show enhanced gamma-ray production near the molecular cloud/shocked shell interaction site. IC 443 provides the first unambiguous evidence of cosmic-ray acceleration by SNRs., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures; accepted by ApJLetters on Jan 21, 2010

Published
2010
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15. The Extraordinary Gamma-Ray Flare Of The Blazar 3c 454.3

Author

E. Striani, S. Vercellone, M. Tavani, V. Vittorini, F. D’Ammando, I. Donnarumma, L. Pacciani, G. Pucella, A. Bulgarelli, M. Trifoglio, F. Gianotti, P. Giommi, A. Argan, G. Barbiellini, P. Caraveo, P. W. Cattaneo, A. W. Chen, E. Costa, G. De Paris, E. Del Monte, G. Di Cocco, Y. Evangelista, M. Feroci, A. Ferrari, M. Fiorini, F. Fuschino, M. Galli, A. Giuliani, M. Giusti, C. Labanti, F. Lazzarotto, P. Lipari, F. Longo, M. Marisaldi, S. Mereghetti, E. Morelli, E. Moretti, A. Morselli, A. Pellizzoni, F. Perotti, G. Piano, P. Picozza, M. Pilia, M. Prest, M. Rapisarda, A. Rappoldi, S. Sabatini, E. Scalise, P. Soffitta, A. Trois, E. Vallazza, A. Zambra, D. Zanello, C. Pittori, F. Verrecchia, P. Santolamazza, F. Lucarelli, S. Colafrancesco, L. A. Antonelli, L. Salotti, E., Striani, S., Vercellone, M., Tavani, V., Vittorini, F., D'Ammando, I., Donnarumma, L., Pacciani, G., Pucella, A., Bulgarelli, M., Trifoglio, F., Gianotti, P., Giommi, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, A. W., Chen, E., Costa, G. D., Pari, E. D., Monte, G. D., Cocco, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, A., Ferrari, M., Fiorini, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, A., Giuliani, M., Giusti, C., Labanti, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, E., Moretti, A., Morselli, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, G., Piano, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, S., Sabatini, E., Scalise, P., Soffitta, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, C., Pittori, F., Verrecchia, P., Santolamazza, F., Lucarelli, S., Colafrancesco, L. A., Antonelli, L., Salotti, Striani E, Vercellone S, Tavani M, Vittorini V, DAmmando F, Donnarumma I, Pacciani L, Pucella G, Bulgarelli A, Trifoglio M, Gianotti F, Giommi P, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Chen AW, Costa E, De Paris G, Del Monte E, Di Cocco G, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Ferrari A, Fiorini M, Fuschino F, Galli M, Giuliani A, Giusti M, Labanti C, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Marisaldi M, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Moretti E, Morselli A, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Piano G, Picozza P, Pilia M, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Sabatini S, Scalise E, Soffitta P, Trois A, Vallazza E, Zambra A, Zanello D, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Santolamazza P, Lucarelli F, Colafrancesco S, Antonelli LA, and Salotti L

Subjects
Agile, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), blazar, gamma detection, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Type (model theory), Vela, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, AGILE satellite, Active Galactic Nuclei, law.invention, Pulsar, law, Blazar, Physics, gamma rays: galaxies – quasars: individual (3C 454.3), Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Flare
Abstract

We present the gamma-ray data of the extraordinary flaring activity above 100 MeV from the flat spectrum radio quasar 3C 454.3 detected by AGILE during the month of December 2009. 3C 454.3, that has been among the most active blazars of the FSRQ type since 2007, was detected in the gamma-ray range with a progressively rising flux since November 10, 2009. The gamma-ray flux reached a value comparable with that of the Vela pulsar on December 2, 2009. Remarkably, between December 2 and 3, 2009 the source more than doubled its gamma-ray emission and became the brightest gamma-ray source in the sky with a peak flux of F_{\gamma,p} = (2000 \pm 400) x 10^-8 ph cm^-2 s^-1 for a 1-day integration above 100 MeV. The gamma-ray intensity decreased in the following days with the source flux remaining at large values near F \simeq (1000 \pm 200) x 10^-8 ph cm^-2 s^-1 for more than a week. This exceptional gamma-ray flare dissipated among the largest ever detected intrinsic radiated power in gamma-rays above 100 MeV (L_{\gamma, source, peak} \simeq 3 x 10^46 erg s^-1, for a relativistic Doppler factor of {\delta} \simeq 30). The total isotropic irradiated energy of the month-long episode in the range 100 MeV - 3 GeV is E_{\gamma,iso} \simeq 10^56 erg. We report the intensity and spectral evolution of the gamma-ray emission across the flaring episode. We briefly discuss the important theoretical implications of our detection., Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures, ApJ accepted

Published
2010

16. Episodic Transient Gamma-Ray Emission From The Microquasar Cygnus X-1

Author

E. Moretti, V. Vittorini, Claudio Labanti, A. Giuliani, M. Trifoglio, C. Pittori, Francesco Lazzarotto, Paolo Lipari, Martino Marisaldi, Attilio Ferrari, Guido Barbiellini, P. Santolamazza, A. Pellizzoni, F. Perotti, S. Vercellone, M. Galli, Piergiorgio Picozza, E. Striani, Y. Evangelista, M. Giusti, Francesco Longo, Alda Rubini, F. Verrecchia, Ennio Morelli, Paolo Giommi, G. De Paris, Massimiliano Fiorini, Marco Tavani, F. Fuschino, G. Di Cocco, A. Rappoldi, E. Vallazza, S. Sabatini, Sergio Colafrancesco, Fulvio Gianotti, A. Argan, Sandro Mereghetti, P. W. Cattaneo, Andrea Bulgarelli, A. Morselli, I. Donnarumma, Enrico Costa, Filippo D'Ammando, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, M. Prest, Paolo Soffitta, L. A. Antonelli, A. W. Chen, E. Del Monte, Massimo Rapisarda, G. Piano, P. A. Caraveo, Maura Pilia, D. Zanello, G. Pucella, Alessio Trois, E. Scalise, L. Salotti, A. Zambra, F. de Pasquale, Sabatini S, Tavani M, Striani E, Bulgarelli A, Vittorini V, Piano G, Del Monte E, Feroci M, de Pasquale F, Trifoglio M, Gianotti F, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Chen AW, DAmmando F, Costa E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Ferrari A, Fiorini M, Fuschino F, Galli M, Giuliani A, Giusti M, Labanti C, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Marisaldi M, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Moretti E, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Picozza P, Pilia M, Pucella G, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rubini A, Scalise E, Soffitta P, Trois A, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Zambra A, Zanello D, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Santolamazza P, Giommi P, Colafrancesco S, Antonelli LA, Salotti L, S., Sabatini, M., Tavani, E., Striani, A., Bulgarelli, V., Vittorini, G., Piano, E. D., Monte, M., Feroci, F. d., Pasquale, M., Trifoglio, F., Gianotti, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, A. W., Chen, F., D'Ammando, E., Costa, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, I., Donnarumma, Y., Evangelista, A., Ferrari, M., Fiorini, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, A., Giuliani, M., Giusti, C., Labanti, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, E., Moretti, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, G., Pucella, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, A., Rubini, E., Scalise, P., Soffitta, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, C., Pittori, F., Verrecchia, P., Santolamazza, P., Giommi, S., Colafrancesco, L. A., Antonelli, and L., Salotti

Subjects
Agile, Black Holes, transient gamma-ray emission, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Astrophysics, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, X-rays: binaries, Cutoff, Cygnus X-1, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Range (particle radiation), Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, gamma rays: general, stars: individual (Cygnus X-1), Galaxy, Black hole, Space and Planetary Science, AGILE satellite, Transient (oscillation), Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

Cygnus X-1 is the archetypal black hole (BH) binary system in our Galaxy. We report the main results of an extensive search for transient gamma-ray emission from Cygnus X-1 carried out in the energy range 100 MeV - 3 GeV by the AGILE satellite, during the period 2007 July - 2009 October. The total exposure time is about 300 days, during which the source was in the "hard" X-ray spectral state. We divided the observing intervals in 2 or 4 week periods, and searched for transient and persistent emission. We report an episode of significant transient gamma-ray emission detected on 2009, October 16 in a position compatible with Cygnus X-1 optical position. This episode, occurred during a hard spectral state of Cygnus X-1, shows that a 1-2 day time variable emission above 100 MeV can be produced during hard spectral states, having important theoretical implications for current Comptonization models for Cygnus X-1 and other microquasars. Except for this one short timescale episode, no significant gamma-ray emission was detected by AGILE. By integrating all available data we obtain a 2$\sigma$ upper limit for the total integrated flux of $F_{\gamma,U.L.} = 3 \times 10^{-8} \rm ph cm^{-2} s^{-1}$ in the energy range 100 MeV - 3 GeV. We then clearly establish the existence of a spectral cutoff in the energy range 1-100 MeV that applies to the typical hard state outside the flaring period and that confirms the historically known spectral cutoff above 1 MeV., Comment: Accepted for publication by ApJ on the 9th of Feb 2010, 5 pages, 3 figures

Published
2010

17. Extreme particle acceleration in the microquasar Cygnus X-3

Author

Francesco Longo, Martino Marisaldi, C. Pittori, Paolo Lipari, Arnaud Ferrari, M. Prest, Sandro Mereghetti, P. W. Cattaneo, S. Sabatini, A. Pellizzoni, E. Striani, I. Lapshov, F. Perotti, S. Colafrancesco, Fulvio Gianotti, Francesco Lazzarotto, A. Giuliani, E. Rossi, Ennio Morelli, Karri I. I. Koljonen, Marco Tavani, E. Scalise, Y. Evangelista, Maura Pilia, Guy G. Pooley, M. Galli, F. Fuschino, Alessio Trois, I. Donnarumma, Massimo Rapisarda, F. Verrecchia, N. A. Nizhelskij, P. A. Caraveo, E. Del Monte, D. Zanello, L. Salotti, V. Cocco, M. Trifoglio, G. Pucella, A. Mauri, A. Rappoldi, E. Vallazza, G. De Paris, T. Contessi, G. Piano, A. W. Chen, P. Giommi, A. Argan, Andrea Bulgarelli, Enrico Costa, G. Di Persio, A. Morselli, Filippo D'Ammando, Paolo Soffitta, S. Vercellone, Michael L. McCollough, P. Picozza, P. Santolamazza, Alda Rubini, Sergei A. Trushkin, A. Zambra, M. Mastropietro, Guido Barbiellini, V. Vittorini, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, Angelo Antonelli, E. Mattaini, G. Di Cocco, Claudio Labanti, M., Tavani, A., Bulgarelli, G., Piano, S., Sabatini, E., Striani, Y., Evangelista, A., Troi, G., Pooley, S., Trushkin, N. A., Nizhelskij, M., Mccollough, K. I. I., Koljonen, G., Pucella, A., Giuliani, A. W., Chen, E., Costa, V., Vittorini, M., Trifoglio, F., Gianotti, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, V., Cocco, T., Contessi, F., D'Ammando, E. D., Monte, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, G. D., Persio, I., Donnarumma, M., Feroci, A., Ferrari, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, E., Mattaini, M., Marisaldi, M., Mastropietro, A., Mauri, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, E., Rossi, A., Rubini, E., Scalise, P., Soffitta, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, C., Pittori, F., Verrecchia, P., Giommi, S., Colafrancesco, P., Santolamazza, A., Antonelli, L., Salotti, Tavani M, Bulgarelli A, Piano G, Sabatini S, Striani E, Evangelista Y, Trois A, Pooley G, Trushkin S, Nizhelskij NA, McCollough M, Koljonen KII, Pucella G, Giuliani A, Chen AW, Costa E, Vittorini V, Trifoglio M, Gianotti F, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Cocco V, Contessi T, DAmmando F, Del Monte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Di Persio G, Donnarumma I, Feroci M, Ferrari A, Fuschino F, Galli M, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Mattaini E, Marisaldi M, Mastropietro M, Mauri A, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Picozza P, Pilia M, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rossi E, Rubini A, Scalise E, Soffitta P, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Zambra A, Zanello D, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Giommi P, Colafrancesco S, Santolamazza P, Antonelli A, and Salotti L

Subjects
Active galactic nucleus, Black Holes, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, super massive black holes, X-ray binary, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Relativistic particle, AGILE, Astrophysical jet, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, Supermassive black hole, Cygnus, Multidisciplinary, particle acceleration, microquasar, Cygnus X-3, Astronomy, X-ray emission, Particle acceleration, Black hole, Neutron star, AGILE satellite
Abstract

Galactic microquasars are binaries with a neutron star or stellar-mass black hole accreting gas from a companion star. They can accelerate particles to relativistic energies and emit radio flares, but the mechanism of jet energization is not known. A survey of the Cygnus region between mid-2007 and mid-2009 has detected four major γ-ray flaring episodes with energies over 100 MeV, each lasting 1 or 2 days, emanating from the microquasar Cygnus X-3. There is a clear pattern of temporal correlation between the γ-ray flares and transitional spectral states of radio and X-ray emission. Particle acceleration occurred a few days before radio jet ejections for two of the flares, suggesting that jet formation involves the production of highly energetic particles. Super-massive black holes in active galaxies can accelerate particles to relativistic energies, producing jets with associated γ-ray emission. Galactic 'microquasars' also produce relativistic jets; however, apart from an isolated event detected in Cygnus X-1, there has hitherto been no systematic evidence for the acceleration of particles to gigaelectronvolt or higher energies in a microquasar. Here, a report of four γ-ray flares with energies above 100 MeV from the microquasar Cygnus X-3 illuminates this important problem. Super-massive black holes in active galaxies can accelerate particles to relativistic energies1, producing jets with associated γ-ray emission. Galactic ‘microquasars’, which are binary systems consisting of a neutron star or stellar-mass black hole accreting gas from a companion star, also produce relativistic jets, generally together with radio flares2. Apart from an isolated event detected3 in Cygnus X-1, there has hitherto been no systematic evidence for the acceleration of particles to gigaelectronvolt or higher energies in a microquasar, with the consequence that we are as yet unsure about the mechanism of jet energization. Here we report four γ-ray flares with energies above 100 MeV from the microquasar Cygnus X-3 (an exceptional X-ray binary4,5,6 that sporadically produces radio jets7,8,9). There is a clear pattern of temporal correlations between the γ-ray flares and transitional spectral states of the radio-frequency and X-ray emission. Particle acceleration occurred a few days before radio-jet ejections for two of the four flares, meaning that the process of jet formation implies the production of very energetic particles. In Cygnus X-3, particle energies during the flares can be thousands of times higher than during quiescent states.

Published
2009

18. First AGILE catalog of high-confidence gamma-ray sources

Author

Dario Gasparrini, I. Donnarumma, F. Mauri, E. Scalise, E. Mattaini, G. Di Cocco, E. Del Monte, E. Rossi, Geiland Porrovecchio, Fulvio Gianotti, F. Fornari, A. Morselli, G. De Paris, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, G. Di Persio, S. Cutini, A. W. Chen, Sandro Mereghetti, F. Boffelli, P. W. Cattaneo, S. Stellato, Francesco Longo, Massimo Rapisarda, R. Primavera, A. Antonelli, Filippo D'Ammando, M. Galli, Piergiorgio Picozza, F. Tamburelli, C. Pittori, L. Salotti, Paolo Soffitta, F. Verrecchia, A. Zambra, T. Froysland, B. Preger, P. Santolamazza, D. Zanello, V. Vittorini, G. Fanari, F. Fuschino, F. Perotti, Martino Marisaldi, A. Pellizzoni, Marcello Mastropietro, Francesco Lazzarotto, M. Trifoglio, A. Argan, Massimo Frutti, Andrea Bulgarelli, Maura Pilia, P. A. Caraveo, Enrico Costa, Alessio Trois, F. Liello, Claudio Labanti, Alda Rubini, E. Striani, Marco Tavani, S. Vercellone, S. Sabatini, Sergio Colafrancesco, I. Lapshov, Paolo Giommi, Ennio Morelli, M. Prest, Massimiliano Fiorini, P. Lipari, Attilio Ferrari, Guido Barbiellini, Elena Moretti, G. Pucella, A. Mauri, A. Rappoldi, E. Vallazza, Alessandro Traci, V. Cocco, A. Giuliani, Y. Evangelista, T. Contessi, G. Piano, C. Pontoni, C., Pittori, F., Verrecchia, A. W., Chen, A., Bulgarelli, A., Pellizzoni, A., Giuliani, S., Vercellone, Longo, Francesco, M., Tavani, P., Giommi, G., Barbiellini, M., Trifoglio, F., Gianotti, A., Argan, A., Antonelli, F., Boffelli, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, V., Cocco, S., Colafrancesco, T., Contessi, E., Costa, S., Cutini, F., D'Ammando, E. D., Monte, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, G. D., Persio, I., Donnarumma, Y., Evangelista, G., Fanari, M., Feroci, A., Ferrari, M., Fiorini, F., Fornari, F., Fuschino, T., Froysland, M., Frutti, M., Galli, D., Gasparrini, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, F., Liello, P., Lipari, E., Mattaini, M., Marisaldi, M., Mastropietro, A., Mauri, F., Mauri, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, Moretti, Elena, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, F., Perotti, G., Piano, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, C., Pontoni, G., Porrovecchio, B., Preger, M., Prest, R., Primavera, G., Pucella, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, E., Rossi, A., Rubini, S., Sabatini, P., Santolamazza, E., Scalise, P., Soffitta, S., Stellato, E., Striani, F., Tamburelli, A., Traci, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, V., Vittorini, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, L., Salotti, Pittori C, Verrecchia F, Chen AW, Bulgarelli A, Pellizzoni A, Giuliani A, Vercellone S, Longo F, Tavani M, Giommi P, Barbiellini G, Trifoglio M, Gianotti F, Argan A, Antonelli A, Boffelli F, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Cocco V, Colafrancesco S, Contessi T, Costa E, Cutini S, DAmmando F, Del Monte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Di Persio G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Fanari G, Feroci M, Ferrari A, Fiorini M, Fornari F, Fuschino F, Froysland T, Frutti M, Galli M, Gasparrini D, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Liello F, Lipari P, Mattaini E, Marisaldi M, Mastropietro M, Mauri A, Mauri F, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Moretti E, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Perotti F, Piano G, Picozza P, Pilia M, Pontoni C, Porrovecchio G, Preger B, Prest M, Primavera R, Pucella G, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rossi E, Rubini A, Sabatini S, Santolamazza P, Scalise E, Soffitta P, Stellato S, Striani E, Tamburelli F, Traci A, Trois A, Vallazza E, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, and Salotti L

Subjects
Agile, catalog, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Field of view, Astrophysics, gamma-ray source, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, Pulsar, X and gamma detection, Blazar, media_common, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Detector, Gamma ray, gamma rays: observations, catalogs, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Radius, AGILE satellite, Catalogs, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Satellite, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present the first catalog of high-confidence gamma-ray sources detected by the AGILE satellite during observations performed from July 9, 2007 to June 30, 2008. Catalogued sources are detected by merging all the available data over the entire time period. AGILE, launched in April 2007, is an ASI mission devoted to gamma-ray observations in the 30 MeV - 50 GeV energy range, with simultaneous X-ray imaging capability in the 18-60 keV band. This catalog is based on Gamma-Ray Imaging Detector (GRID) data for energies greater than 100 MeV. For the first AGILE catalog we adopted a conservative analysis, with a high-quality event filter optimized to select gamma-ray events within the central zone of the instrument Field of View (radius of 40 degrees). This is a significance-limited (4 sigma) catalog, and it is not a complete flux-limited sample due to the non-uniform first year AGILE sky coverage. The catalog includes 47 sources, 21 of which are associated with confirmed or candidate pulsars, 13 with Blazars (7 FSRQ, 4 BL Lacs, 2 unknown type), 2 with HMXRBs, 2 with SNRs, 1 with a colliding-wind binary system, 8 with unidentified sources., Revised version, 15 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables. To be published in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Text improved and clarified. Refined analysis of complex regions of the Galactic plane yields a new list of high-confidence sources including 47 sources (compared with the 40 sources appearing in the first version)

Published
2009

19. Multiwavelength Observations Of 3c 454.3. Ii. The Agile 2007 December Campaign

Author

I. Donnarumma, G. Pucella, V. Vittorini, F. D'Ammando, S. Vercellone, C. M. Raiteri, M. Villata, M. Perri, W. P. Chen, R. L. Smart, J. Kataoka, N. Kawai, Y. Mori, G. Tosti, D. Impiombato, T. Takahashi, R. Sato, M. Tavani, A. Bulgarelli, A. W. Chen, A. Giuliani, F. Longo, L. Pacciani, A. Argan, G. Barbiellini, F. Boffelli, P. Caraveo, P. W. Cattaneo, V. Cocco, T. Contessi, E. Costa, E. Del Monte, G. De Paris, G. Di Cocco, Y. Evangelista, M. Feroci, A. Ferrari, M. Fiorini, T. Froysland, M. Frutti, F. Fuschino, M. Galli, F. Gianotti, C. Labanti, I. Lapshov, F. Lazzarotto, P. Lipari, M. Marisaldi, M. Mastropietro, S. Mereghetti, E. Morelli, E. Moretti, A. Morselli, A. Pellizzoni, F. Perotti, G. Piano, P. Picozza, M. Pilia, G. Porrovecchio, M. Prest, M. Rapisarda, A. Rappoldi, A. Rubini, S. Sabatini, E. Scalise, P. Soffitta, E. Striani, M. Trifoglio, A. Trois, E. Vallazza, A. Zambra, D. Zanello, C. Pittori, P. Santolamazza, F. Verrecchia, P. Giommi, L. A. Antonelli, S. Colafrancesco, L. Salotti, Donnarumma I, Pucella G, Vittorini V, DAmmando F, Vercellone S, Raiteri CM, Villata M, Perri M, Chen WP, Smart RL, Kataoka J, Kawai N, Mori Y, Tosti G, Impiombato D, Takahashi T, Sato R, Tavani M, Bulgarelli A, Chen AW, Giuliani A, Longo F, Pacciani L, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Boffelli F, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Cocco V, Contessi T, Costa E, Del Monte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Ferrari A, Fiorini M, Froysland T, Frutti M, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Marisaldi M, Mastropietro M, Mereghetti S, Morelli E, Moretti E, Morselli A, Pellizzoni A, Perotti F, Piano G, Picozza P, Pilia M, Porrovecchio G, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rubini A, Sabatini S, Scalise E, Soffitta P, Striani E, Trifoglio M, Trois A, Vallazza E, Zambra A, Zanello D, Pittori C, Santolamazza P, Verrecchia F, Giommi P, Antonelli A, Colafrancesco S, Salotti L, I., Donnarumma, G., Pucella, V., Vittorini, F., D'Ammando, S., Vercellone, C. M., Raiteri, M., Villata, M., Perri, W. P., Chen, R. L., Smart, J., Kataoka, N., Kawai, Y., Mori, G., Tosti, D., Impiombato, T., Takahashi, R., Sato, M., Tavani, A., Bulgarelli, A. W., Chen, A., Giuliani, Longo, Francesco, L., Pacciani, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, F., Boffelli, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, V., Cocco, T., Contessi, E., Costa, E. D., Monte, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, A., Ferrari, M., Fiorini, T., Froysland, M., Frutti, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, M., Marisaldi, M., Mastropietro, S., Mereghetti, E., Morelli, E., Moretti, A., Morselli, A., Pellizzoni, F., Perotti, G., Piano, P., Picozza, M., Pilia, G., Porrovecchio, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, A., Rubini, S., Sabatini, E., Scalise, P., Soffitta, E., Striani, M., Trifoglio, A., Troi, E., Vallazza, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, C., Pittori, P., Santolamazza, F., Verrecchia, P., Giommi, A., Antonelli, S., Colafrancesco, and L., Salotti

Subjects
Agile, Photon, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, galaxies: active, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, AGILE satellite, Active Galactic Nuclei, blazar, law.invention, law, Target of opportunity, quasars: general, multiwavelength campaign, Blazar, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Line (formation), Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), We report on the second Astrorivelatore Gamma a Immagini Leggero (AGILE) multiwavelength campaign of the blazar 3C 454.3 during the first half of 2007 December. This campaign involved AGILE, Spitzer, Swift, Suzaku, the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) consortium, the Rapid Eye Mount (REM), and the Multicolor Imaging Telescopes for Survey and Monstrous Explosions (MITSuME) telescopes, offering a broadband coverage that allowed for a simultaneous sampling of the synchrotron and inverse Compton (IC) emissions. The two-week AGILE monitoring was accompanied by radio to optical monitoring by WEBT and REM, and by sparse observations in mid-infrared and soft/hard X-ray energy bands performed by means of Target of Opportunity observations by Spitzer, Swift, and Suzaku, respectively. The source was detected with an average flux of ~250 × 10^-8 photons cm^-2 s^-1 above 100 MeV, typical of its flaring states. The simultaneous optical and γ-ray monitoring allowed us to study the time lag associated with the variability in the two energy bands, resulting in a possible lsimone-day delay of the γ-ray emission with respect to the optical one. From the simultaneous optical and γ-ray fast flare detected on December 12, we can constrain the delay between the γ-ray and optical emissions within 12 hr. Moreover, we obtain three spectral energy distributions (SEDs) with simultaneous data for 2007 December 5, 13, and 15, characterized by the widest multifrequency coverage. We found that a model with an external Compton on seed photons by a standard disk and reprocessed by the broad-line regions does not describe in a satisfactory way the SEDs of 2007 December 5, 13, and 15. An additional contribution, possibly from the hot corona with T = 106 K surrounding the jet, is required to account simultaneously for the softness of the synchrotron and the hardness of the IC emissions during those epochs, Astronomy and Astrophysics, galaxies: jets, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Corona, Synchrotron, Space and Planetary Science, galaxies: individual: 3C 454.3, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, gamma rays: observations, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Flare
Abstract

著者人数：79名, Accepted: 2009-10-29, 資料番号: SA1000754000

Published
2009

20. Detection of Gamma-Ray Emission from the Vela Pulsar Wind Nebula with AGILE

Author

A. Pellizzoni, M. Galli, A. Giuliani, F. Verrecchia, Francesco Lazzarotto, E. Vallazza, C. Pittori, T. Contessi, N. D'Amico, G. Piano, G. De Paris, A. Argan, Sandro Mereghetti, E. Rossi, E. Scalise, A. Morselli, Arnaud Ferrari, E. Striani, P. Santolamazza, Andrea Bulgarelli, F. Fuschino, I. Lapshov, S. Colafrancesco, L. Salotti, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, Massimo Rapisarda, G. Di Cocco, A. Possenti, Enrico Costa, S. Sabatini, Alda Rubini, P. W. Cattaneo, G. Pucella, P. Picozza, Marco Tavani, G. Barbiellini, Elena Moretti, Martino Marisaldi, A. Rappoldi, D. Zanello, M. Prest, V. Cocco, M. Mastropietro, F. Perotti, M. Burgay, V. Vittorini, A. W. Chen, Claudio Labanti, A. Zambra, Paolo Lipari, P. Giommi, J. Palfreyman, Giovanni F. Bignami, P. A. Caraveo, M. Trifoglio, M. Fiorini, E. Del Monte, Aidan Hotan, F. Longo, Angelo Antonelli, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, Maura Pilia, Alessio Trois, Paolo Esposito, Fulvio Gianotti, G. Di Persio, Filippo D'Ammando, Paolo Soffitta, S. Vercellone, Pellizzoni A, Trois A, Tavani M, Pilia M, Giuliani A, Pucella G, Esposito P, Sabatini S, Piano G, Argan A, Barbiellini G, Bulgarelli A, Burgay M, Caraveo P, Cattaneo PW, Chen AW, Cocco V, Contessi T, Costa E, DAmmando F, Del Monte E, De Paris G, Di Cocco G, Di Persio G, Donnarumma I, Evangelista Y, Feroci M, Ferrari A, Fiorini M, Fuschino F, Galli M, Gianotti F, Hotan A, Labanti C, Lapshov I, Lazzarotto F, Lipari P, Longo F, Marisaldi M, Mastropietro M, Mereghetti S, Moretti E, Morselli A, Pacciani L, Palfreyman J, Perotti F, Picozza P, Pittori C, Possenti A, Prest M, Rapisarda M, Rappoldi A, Rossi E, Rubini A, Santolamazza P, Scalise E, Soffitta P, Striani E, Trifoglio M, Vallazza E, Vercellone S, Verrecchia F, Vittorini V, Zambra A, Zanello D, Giommi P, Colafrancesco S, Antonelli A, Salotti L, D'Amico N, Bignami GF, A., Pellizzoni, A., Troi, M., Tavani, M., Pilia, A., Giuliani, G., Pucella, P., Esposito, S., Sabatini, G., Piano, A., Argan, G., Barbiellini, A., Bulgarelli, M., Burgay, P., Caraveo, P. W., Cattaneo, A. W., Chen, V., Cocco, T., Contessi, E., Costa, F., D'Ammando, E. D., Monte, G. D., Pari, G. D., Cocco, G. D., Persio, I., Donnarumma, Y., Evangelista, M., Feroci, A., Ferrari, M., Fiorini, F., Fuschino, M., Galli, F., Gianotti, A., Hotan, C., Labanti, I., Lapshov, F., Lazzarotto, P., Lipari, Longo, Francesco, M., Marisaldi, M., Mastropietro, S., Mereghetti, E., Moretti, A., Morselli, L., Pacciani, J., Palfreyman, F., Perotti, P., Picozza, C., Pittori, A., Possenti, M., Prest, M., Rapisarda, A., Rappoldi, E., Rossi, A., Rubini, P., Santolamazza, E., Scalise, P., Soffitta, E., Striani, M., Trifoglio, E., Vallazza, S., Vercellone, F., Verrecchia, V., Vittorini, A., Zambra, D., Zanello, P., Giommi, S., Colafrancesco, A., Antonelli, L., Salotti, N., D'Amico, and G. F., Bignami

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Vela, Pulsar wind nebula, High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy, gamma detection, Relativistic particle, AGILE, Pulsar Wind Nebulae, Pulsar, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, AGILE satellite, education, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, pulsar, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Vela Pulsar Wind Nebula, AGILE, gamma-rays, Gamma ray, Astronomy, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Phenomenology (particle physics), X-ray pulsar
Abstract

Pulsars are known to power winds of relativistic particles that can produce bright nebulae by interacting with the surrounding medium. These pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are observed in the radio, optical, x-rays and, in some cases, also at TeV energies, but the lack of information in the gamma-ray band prevents from drawing a comprehensive multiwavelength picture of their phenomenology and emission mechanisms. Using data from the AGILE satellite, we detected the Vela pulsar wind nebula in the energy range from 100 MeV to 3 GeV. This result constrains the particle population responsible for the GeV emission, probing multivavelength PWN models, and establishes a class of gamma-ray emitters that could account for a fraction of the unidentified Galactic gamma-ray sources., Comment: Accepted by Science; first published online on December 31, 2009 in Science Express. Science article and Supporting Online Material are available at http://www.sciencemag.org

Published
2009
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21. Preperitoneal, minimally invasive, prosthetic groin hernia repair

Author

Antonio Giuliani, M. Mancuso, G. C. Zotti, S. Navarra, G. Salvo, and E. Scalise

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Groin, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, General surgery, medicine.disease, Hernia repair, Prosthesis, Surgery, Inguinal hernia, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Hernia, Direct Inguinal Hernia, Complication, business, Abdominal surgery
Abstract

The study describes the advantages of using the positioning of the prosthesis in the pre-peritoneal space by a posterior approach in the repair of inguinal hernia. The research was carried out on 388 patients (372 (96%) men and 16 (4%) women), who had undergone hernioplasties with the insertion of a polypropylene prosthesis by a preperitoneal approach, between January 1994 and December 1996. 216 of these patients (56%) had an indirect inguinal hernia, 94 (24%) a direct inguinal hernia and 78 (20%) a double inguinal hernia (direct and indirect). In 21 cases (6%) it was a recurrent hernia. The following clinical parameters were considered: pain, sensitivity of the inguinal region, testicular pathology, wound pathology and recurrence. 384 patients out of 388 (99%) were discharged at latest one day after the operation. On average the patients went back to work 6 days after the operation. All the patients were checked at least three times out of four, with follow-ups at 30 days, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after the operation. In 13 patients (1.8%) there was a minor complication, in 3 patients (0.8%) we found an early recurrence due to technical error. We consider that positioning the prosthesis in the preperitoneal space using this minimally invasive procedure can be carried out easily and with very good clinical results in terms of typical early and/or late complications, which range from 2% to 20% by the anterior approach.

Published
2000
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22. Masers in Massive Star-forming Regions Associated with the Brightest Steep-Spectrum [ITAL]IRAS[/ITAL] Point Sources

Author

Gordon C. MacLeod, John Galt, Michael J. Gaylard, Sharon Saedt, and E. Scalise

Subjects
Physics, Star formation, Reflection nebula, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Stellar classification, Spectral line, law.invention, Stars, Space and Planetary Science, law, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Maser, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

Twenty-four bright, steep-spectrum far-infrared IRAS point sources, which were originally discussed by Hughes & MacLeod, have been searched for hydroxyl, water, and methanol masers and for formaldehyde absorption features. Distances and spectral types for the stars exciting these masers were estimated using radio continuum, IRAS spectra, and maser velocity data. It is found that 21 of the 24 sources are regions of massive star formation containing stars earlier than type B2. We report the discovery of five new OH masers, one new 6.7 GHz CH3OH maser, and two new 12.2 GHz CH3OH masers toward these IRAS sources. By contrast, no 4.765 GHz excited-OH masers were found toward these sources. This sample contains only star-forming regions; there are no planetary or reflection nebulae or extragalactic sources present, as seen in samples with less extreme IRAS colors.

Published
1998
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24. A new acousto-electro-optic improved resolution deflector for high frequency operation

Author

Nori Beraldo, Gefeson Mendes Pacheco, and E. Scalise

Subjects
Physics, Radiation, Sound transmission class, business.industry, Bandwidth (signal processing), Physics::Optics, Condensed Matter Physics, Electro-optics, Optics, Computer Science::Sound, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Radio frequency, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Instrumentation, Image resolution, Acoustic attenuation, Radio astronomy
Abstract

The two main constrains on the characteristics of the acousto-optic deflector are the acoustic sound attenuation and velocity. These two parameters will determine the resolution and the radio frequency bandwidth.

Published
1993
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25. [Hospital infection surveillance in 5 Roman intensive care units]

Author

G B, Orsi, M, Raponi, G, Sticca, L, Branca, E, Scalise, C, Franchi, M, Venditti, and G M, Fara

Subjects
Adult, Male, Cross Infection, Infection Control, Rome, Age Factors, Length of Stay, Middle Aged, Intensive Care Units, Sex Factors, Risk Factors, Health Care Surveys, Humans, Female, Aged
Abstract

The A.A. carried out a survey on hospital acquired infection (HAI) in the intensive care units (ICU) of five roman hospitals. The study monitored the following site-specific infection rates: pneumonia (PNE), blood stream infections (BSI), urinary tract infections (UTI), surgical site infections (SSI). According to CDC definitions all patients developing infection 48 hours or more after ward admission were included. Furthermore risk factors (i.e. age, sex, SAPS II), invasive procedures (i.e. endotracheal intubation, vascular and urinary catheterisation), microbiological isolates and their antibiotic susceptibility were screened. The overall 503 patients characteristics (i.e., age, length of stay, case-mix...) showed the wards as general ICU's. Although the SAPS II score was similar, mortality (18.2%-42.9%) and general infection rates (15.4%-40.4%) among the five ICU's were considerably variable (p0.05), as HAI episodes distribution by type: PNE (37-88%), BSI (6-42%), UTI (6-24%), SSI (3-7%) (p0.05). Also device-associated infection rates such as Ventilator-associated PNE (11.6-24.6@1000), Vascular catheter-associated BSI (3.4-19.2@1000). Urinary catheter-associated UTI (2.6-14.0@1000) and invasive procedures management were different. Among the infected patients the most commonly isolated microorganisms were P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus spp., which presented a considerable antibiotic resistance. The study showed: 1) sampling (i.e. blood cultures, tracheal aspirate and urine samples) and laboratory methodology indispensable for a correct HAI diagnosis were not standardized in the five ICU's; 2) hospital infection control policy was not carried out in all ICU's. The study showed a lack of standardization which limits the comparability of the general roman ICU's.

Published
2003

26. Millimeter radio astronomical research: acousto-optic spectrometer device and measurement uncertainties

Author

E. Scalise and G.M. Pacheco

Subjects
Physics, Wavelength, Optics, Spectrometer, business.industry, Turbulence, Physics::Optics, Millimeter, business, Acoustic attenuation, Communication channel
Abstract

To overcome the limits imposed by acoustic attenuation and velocity, a low cost acousto-electro-optic interaction configuration with high channel number possibilities is proposed. From the turbulence and temperature effects on the measurement uncertainties, the authors establish the relative importance of those two parameters for radio astronomical observations at millimeter wavelengths.

Published
2002
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28. [Arteriosclerotic aneurysms of the subclavian artery]

Author

M, Porcellini, L, Selvetella, E, Scalise, A, Bauleo, and M, Baldassarre

Subjects
Adult, Male, Time Factors, Arteriosclerosis, Polyethylene Terephthalates, Angiography, Subclavian Artery, Middle Aged, Aneurysm, Blood Vessel Prosthesis, Humans, Female, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color, Polytetrafluoroethylene, Aged, Follow-Up Studies, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

To evaluate diagnostic investigations, operative management and long-term outcome of atherosclerotic aneurysms of the subclavian artery.A retrospective clinical study through a follow-up period of 68 months (8 months to 11 years).Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital.Between 1983 and 1995, 5 patients with atherosclerotic aneurysms of the extrathoracic subclavian artery were reviewed. All patients presented a pulsatile supraclavicular mass. Ultrasonography and angiography confirmed the diagnosis and were useful in planning the operation.Four patients were submitted, through a supraclavicular incision, to resection of the aneurysm and replacement of a prosthetic graft (dacron in 2 cases, PTFE in the remaining 2 cases). In one patient, with a small saccular aneurysm, a tangential aneurysmectomy with a patch angioplasty (PTFE) was performed.All patients recovered after a mean hospital-stay of 9 days and had a valid radial pulsation. During the follow-up period, a dacron graft failure occurred 38 months later in one patient: she remains today asymptomatic.Resection is today recommended for all patients with diagnosed subclavian artery aneurysms. Because of unknown natural history of asymptomatic aneurysms, with an unpredictable risk of complications, more accurate evaluations are required for optimal clinical decision making (early surgery vs watchful waiting?).

Published
1996

29. Acousto-optic spectrometer for radio astronomy research: problems and solutions

Author

E. Scalise and Gefeson Mendes Pacheco

Subjects
Physics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, Spectrometer, chemistry, Turbulence, business.industry, Lithium niobate, Physics::Optics, Point (geometry), business, Acoustic attenuation, Radio astronomy
Abstract

After point out the principles of the acousto-optic spectrometer (AOS) some questions about channels number and the AOS measurements uncertainties are discussed. To overcome the limits imposed by the acoustic attenuation and velocity one low cost LiNbO3 acousto-electro-optic interaction configuration with high channels number possibilities is proposed. Taking the turbulence and temperature effects on measurements uncertainties together it was established a criteria to use the spectroemter during for radio astronomy observations with lower uncertainties and costs.

Published
1994
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30. Water maser bursts in W49M (1989–92)

Author

G. M. Pacheco and E. Scalise

Subjects
Radio telescope, Physics, Star formation, law, Solar luminosity, Astronomy, Emission spectrum, Astrophysics, Maser, Monitoring program, Water vapor, Astronomical spectroscopy, law.invention
Abstract

After an extensive monitoring program of the water vapour emission originated from W49N we were able to detect very strong eruptions at +28 km/s, −61 km/s and −27 km/s. Here we present the results of the monitoring of these explosions and discuss the possible correlated variability of the events recorded at +28 km/s with one of them, not so intense, that appeared at +62 km/s.

Published
1993
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31. Masers in star-forming regions associated with cold, bright IRAS sources

Author

V. A. Hughes, E. Scalise, Gordon C. MacLeod, and Michael J. Gaylard

Subjects
Physics, Free molecular flow, Star formation, Infrared, law, Point source, Astronomy, Outflow, Astrophysics, Maser, Line (formation), law.invention
Abstract

Twenty-four regions of massive star-formation have been searched for OH, H2O, 6.6-GHz and 12.2-GHz CH3OH masers. Chosen from the IRAS Point Source Catalog by their infrared colours, these objects are the coolest objects in the catalog. Masers were detected towards all but two of these IRAS sources. Seven sources were observed in the 12CO (J=1−0) line and all show evidence of molecular outflow. In six of the CO sources we have found maser emission with peaks in both the red and the blue wings of the outflow. We infer that the conditions for masing in these regions are probably produced by the mechanical energy of the outflowing material.

Published
1993
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32. Mass Loss Rates of Three Comets

Author

W. F. Huebner, P. D. Singh, I. Konno, Daniel C. Boice, and E. Scalise

Subjects
Chemistry, Astrophysics, Production rate
Abstract

Emission features of C2 C3, CN, and dust in Comets Thiele (1985m), Hartley-Good (19851), and Giacobini-Zinner (1984e) have been analyzed and their mass loss rates of about 0.5, 1.1, and 0.8 Mg S-1 have been determined.

Published
1992
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33. Results of the Monitoring of a Very Strong Water Maser Event in W49N

Author

A. H. Gomez Balboa, E. Scalise, G. M. Pacheco, and Z. Abraham

Subjects
Antenna temperature, Physics, Radio observatory, law, Rotational transition, Astronomy, Maser, Event (particle physics), Water vapor, law.invention
Abstract

Since the discovery of the 616-523 rotational transition of interstellar water in maser emission, several hundred sources have been discovered. Their profiles are very variable, presenting correlated variability (Gammon, 1976) or anticorrelated variability (Cesaroni, 1990). Several models have been proposed to explain this variabi1ity. Strong Galactic masers, such as W49 and W51 (Kylafis et al. 1991), and also an extremely strong outburst detected by Abraham et al. (1981) in Orion, could not be fully explained based on current models. We have monitored from October 1989 to July 1991 a very strong water vapour eruption in the +28 km s-1 feature, originated from W49N. Here we present the results and discuss the possible correlated variability of this feature with the one that appeared at +62 km s-1.

Published
1992
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34. G305.8 – 0.2: A Young Object with a Dust And Gas Envelope

Author

G. G. Sanzovo, A. M. Gömez Balboa, G. Mendes Pacheco, E. Scalise, and J. W. S. Vilas Boas

Subjects
Physics, Point source, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Spherical shell, law.invention, law, Bipolar outflow, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Maser, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Line (formation), Envelope (waves)
Abstract

The H2O maser source in G305.8 - 0.2 was first detected by Haynes et al. (1984). Inspection of the Southern Hemisphere radio surveys did not show any strong compact HII region or water maser placed nearby this source. The IRAS point source catalog (2.0) shows a strong source in the direction of the maser. We analysed the temporal variation and line profile of the H2O maser emission and discussed the nature of its associated IRAS source. These source characteristics seem compatible with the hypothesis that the maser is associated with a protostellar disk around an early-type star of spectral type 07 to 09 surrounded by a spherical shell of gas and dust.

Published
1992
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35. Results of the Monitoring of a Very Strong Water Maser Event in W49N

Author

E. Scalise, G. M. Pacheco, A.M. Gómez Balboa, and Z. Abraham

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Since the discovery of the 616-523 rotational transition of interstellar water in maser emission, several hundred sources have been discovered. Their profiles are very variable, presenting correlated variability (Gammon, 1976) or anticorrelated variability (Cesaroni, 1990). Several models have been proposed to explain this variability. Strong Galactic masers, such as W49 and W51 (Kylafis et al. 1991), and also an extremely strong outburst detected by Abraham et al. (1981) in Orion, could not be fully explained based on current models. We have monitored from October 1989 to July 1991 a very strong water vapour eruption in the +28 km s−1 feature, originated from W49N. Here we present the results and discuss the possible correlated variability of this feature with the one that appeared at +62 km s−1.

Published
1992
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36. G305.8 - 0.2: A Young Object with a Dust and Gas Envelope

Author

J.W.S. Vilas Boas, E. Scalise, G.G. Sanzovo, G. Mendes Pacheco, and A.M. Gómez Balboa

Subjects
Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

The H2O maser source in G305.8 - 0.2 was first detected by Haynes et al. (1984). Inspection of the Southern Hemisphere radio surveys did not show any strong compact HII region or water maser placed nearby this source. The IRAS point source catalog (2.0) shows a strong source in the direction of the maser. We analysed the temporal variation and line profile of the H2O maser emission and discussed the nature of its associated IRAS source. These source characteristics seem compatible with the hypothesis that the maser is associated with a protostellar disk around an early-type star of spectral type 07 to 09 surrounded by a spherical shell of gas and dust.

Published
1992
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37. Mass Loss Rates of Three Comets

Author

P.D. Singh, W.F. Huebner, D.C. Boice, I. Konno, and E. Scalise

Abstract

Emission features of C2, C3, CN, and dust in Comets Thiele (1985m), Hartley-Good (1985l), and Giacobini-Zinner (1984e) have been analyzed and their mass loss rates of about 0.5, 1.1, and 0.8 Mg s−1 have been determined.

Published
1992
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38. G305.8 - 0.2 water vapor source - A young object

Author

J. W. S. Vilas Boas, C. G. Sanzovo, and E. Scalise

Subjects
Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Silicon monoxide, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, law, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Protostar, OH/IR star, Maser, Stellar evolution, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Water vapor, Excitation
Abstract

Observations of water vapor and silicon monoxide masers were conducted in the direction of G305.8−0.2. No SiO maser emission above 7 Jy of flux density was detected. The short-time variability of the H 2 O maser together with the absence of compact radio continuum emission suggests that the excitation energy of the maser could originate from an O7-O9 protostar in its earlier evolutionary stages

Published
1991
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39. Observations of ammonia in galacticHii regions

Author

J. W. S. Vilas Boas, E. Scalise, and J. L. Monteiro Do Vale

Subjects
Physics, H II region, Milky Way, Molecular cloud, Hydrogen molecule, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Cosmology, Ammonia, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ammonia emission, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science
Abstract

The ammonia emission associated with southern galacticHii regions have been studied. Some physical parameters, computed for each individual sources, were derived and a brief discussion follows.

Published
1988
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40. Radio Emission of NGC 5128 at = 1.35 cm

Author

P. Marques Dos Santos, Pierre Kaufmann, W. G. Fogarty, and E. Scalise

Subjects
Physics, Luminous infrared galaxy, Radiation flux, X-shaped radio galaxy, Space and Planetary Science, Wave propagation, Radio galaxy, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Astrophysics, Spectral line, Radio astronomy
Published
1974
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41. Aperture efficiency of Itapetinga 45-ft antenna at λ = 3.3 mm

Author

J. Do Vale, E. Scalise, R. E. Schaal, Pierre Kaufmann, Zulema Abraham, and J.V. Boas

Subjects
Power gain, Physics, Radar cross-section, business.industry, Aperture, Reflector (antenna), Condensed Matter Physics, Antenna efficiency, Optics, Surface roughness, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Antenna (radio), business, Image resolution
Abstract

The aperture efficiency at \lambda = 3.3 mm of the 45-ft Itapetinga reflector was found to be of about 25 percent. This radiometric result suggests an equivalent surface accuracy of less than 0.25 mm, root sum square (rss) assuming a Gaussian distribution of errors, which is much smaller than the actual rss estimated for the dish (i.e., 0.37 mm, rss) and, represents a 5 dB improvement in gain. This result confirms that non-Gaussian errors across a smooth surface have negligible effects on the aperture efficiency. It is demonstrated that there is little effect on gain produced by error correlation regions that are small compared to the antenna diameter and that antenna efficiency may be predicted from mechanical measurements when the nature of such errors across the surface is know. It is possible to predict that relatively simple mechanical readjustments of the reflector and subreflector may raise its efficiency to 30 percent.

Published
1987
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42. Radioastronomical observations of comets IRAS-Araki-Alcock (1983d) and Sugano-Saigusa-Fujikawa (1983e)

Author

C. Wade, R. Levreault, C. R. Masson, L. J. Rickard, Dominique Bockelée-Morvan, Alwyn Wootten, Ch. Andersson, F. P. Schloerb, Carl Heiles, Didier Despois, Patrick Palmer, B. E. Turner, M. Perault, W. K. Huchtmeier, Antony A. Stark, John Bally, I. de Pater, Z. Abraham, E. Gerard, W. J. Altenhoff, Jan M. Hollis, Norio Kaifu, L Ekelund, J. Webber, Jacques Crovisier, P. Stumpff, J. Schmidt, M. F. A'Hearn, M. Walmsley, D. A. Swade, Alain Baudry, W. K. Batrla, William M. Irvine, G. Chin, Anders Winnberg, Anneila I. Sargent, E. Scalise, Mark V. Sykes, E. C. Sutton, M. Stevens, and Tetsuo Hasegawa

Subjects
Physics, Space and Planetary Science, Comet, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astronomical spectroscopy, Radio astronomy
Abstract

Continuum and spectral-line radio observations of the comets IRAS-Araki-Alcock and Sugano-Saigusa-Fujikawa obtained at a number of observatories during May and June, 1983, are compiled in tables and briefly characterized. The species NH3, H2O, CO, and HCN are considered in detail; visible-range observations of CN are compared; and the implications of the results and the experience gained in performing and coordinating the observations for the detection of important species in other comets, especially Halley's Comet, are explored.

Published
1984
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43. Search for circular polarized emission from solar hemispheres at microwaves

Author

R. E. Schaal, D. Basu, A. L. Ibanez, Jacques Raymond Daniel Lépine, E. Scalise, and Pierre Kaufmann

Subjects
Physics, Sunspot, business.industry, Northern Hemisphere, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), Physics::Geophysics, Magnetic field, Optics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, business, Southern Hemisphere, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Microwave, Circular polarization
Abstract

Solar mappings with moderate angular resolution at 7 GHz seem to support the hemispherical dependence of the sense of circular polarization being right-handed for the southern hemisphere, and left-handed for the northern hemisphere. One explanation of the effect can be found by taking into account the ‘missing’ fields from active centers, emerging from one hemisphere and immersing into the other.

Published
1973
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45. Changes in coronal condensations emission after solar bursts at microwaves

Author

P. Marques Dos Santos, E. Scalise, and Pierre Kaufmann

Subjects
Physics, Magnetic energy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Coronal loop, Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), Nanoflares, law.invention, Magnetic field, Space and Planetary Science, law, Physics::Space Physics, Coronal mass ejection, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Circular polarization, Flare
Abstract

The amount of circular polarization of the total solar radio emission at 7 GHz present permanent changes after the occurrence of certain radio bursts associated with larger flares. For isolated S-components, associated with such flares the changes of the polarization degree ΔΠsranges between 0.004 to 0.1, and appears to be a function of the flare importance. A semi-qualitative interpretation associates ΔΠswith magnetic field reductions at the S-component, agreeing fairly well with a flare mechanism based on collisionless dissipation of magnetic energy, corresponding to energies in the range of 1030 to 1032 ergs, assuming an average model for the coronal condensations.

Published
1970
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46. Microwave observations of the 4 January, 1973 solar eclipse

Author

R. E. Schaal, P. Marques Dos Santos, R.A.A. Fortunato, E. Scalise, and Pierre Kaufmann

Subjects
Physics, Sunspot, Solar eclipse, Northern Hemisphere, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Radiation, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Microwave, Eclipse
Abstract

The eclipse was observed at two microwave frequencies, 7 GHz and 22.2 GHz, and has shown the presence of polarized regions, suggesting also excess of left-handed polarized radiation from the solar northern hemisphere. Difference in eclipsing times at the two frequencies for an active center near the limb is discussed.

Published
1973
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48. RESULTS IN SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF VARICOSE VEINS

Author

AMATO, BRUNO, B. Bernardo, M. Perrotta, E. Scalise, G.C. Bracale, M. Tesi, G. Agrifoglio, S. Romeo, L. Caramelli, M. Tesi, Amato, Bruno, B., Bernardo, M., Perrotta, E., Scalise, and Bracale, G. C.

Published
1982

50. [Recurrent varices: diagnosis and therapy]

Author

L. Selvetella, B. Bernardo, E. Scalise, F. Mirabile, G. C. Bracale, AMATO, BRUNO, L., Selvetella, B., Bernardo, Amato, Bruno, E., Scalise, F., Mirabile, and G. C., Bracale

Published
1986

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