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1. Mid-infrared Measurements of Ion-irradiated Carbonaceous Meteorites: How to Better Detect Space Weathering Effects

Author

C. Lantz, T. Nakamura, D. Baklouti, R. Brunetto, E. Henault, S. Kobayashi, O. Mivumbi, Z. Djouadi, E. Quirico, M. Zolensky, and T. Hiroi

Subjects
Infrared spectroscopy, Carbonaceous chondrites, Asteroid surfaces, Astronomy, QB1-991
Abstract

Remote sensing study of asteroids will soon enter a new era with an increasing amount of data available thanks to the JWST, especially in the mid-infrared (MIR) range that allows identification of mineral species. It will then be possible to establish a taxonomy, as is currently available in the visible–near-infrared range, based on MIR spectral parameters. It had been previously shown that the MIR range is very sensitive to space weathering (SpWe) effects. Thus, it is crucial to determine which spectral changes are involved to disentangle initial composition from surface aging and provide tools to interpret future remote sensing data of asteroids. We present here MIR measurements of a wide variety of ion-irradiated carbonaceous chondrites as a simulation of the solar wind SpWe component. We evaluate several parameters (the Christiansen feature and Reststrahlen band positions, the width of the main Si–O band) and test different measurement conditions (ion energy and geometry of observation). We highlight a dependency of the spectral changes with the initial composition, as hydrated samples are more affected than anhydrous ones. We confirm the role of the geometry in the detection of SpWe effects as already shown in the near-infrared, with a competition effect between the depth probed by photons and the implantation depth of ions (function of the energy used). We will discuss the results in the framework of future observations and Ryugu’s and Bennu’s samples studied in the laboratory.

Published
2024
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2. Color, Composition, and Thermal Environment of Kuiper Belt Object (486958) Arrokoth

Author

W. M. Grundy, M. K. Bird, D. T. Britt, J. C. Cook, D P Cruikshank, C. J. A. Howett, S Krijt, I R. Linscott, C. B. Olkin, A. H. Parker, S Protopapa, M Ruaud, O M Umurhan, L. A. Young, C M D Ore, J. J. Kavelaars, J T Keane, Y J Pendleton, S. B. Porter, F Scipioni, J R. Spencer, S. A. Stern, A J. Verbiscer, Harold Anthony Weaver, R P. Binzel, M W. Buie, B J Buratti, A Cheng, A. M. Earle, H A Elliott, L Gabasova, G R Gladstone, Matthew E. Hill, M Horanyi, D. E. Jennings, A W Lunsford, D J Mccomas, W B. McKinnon, R L. McNutt, Jr, J. M. Moore, J W Parker, E Quirico, D C Reuter, P M Schenk, B Schmitt, M R Showalter, K N. Singer, G Weigle, and A. M. Zangari

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The New Horizons spacecraft flew past the Kuiper Belt object (486958) Arrokoth (also known as 2014 MU69) in January 2019. Because of the great distance to the outer Solar System and limited bandwidth, it will take until late 2020 to downlink all the spacecraft's observations back to Earth. Three papers in this issue analyze recently downlinked data, including the highest-resolution images taken during the encounter (see the Perspective by Jewitt). Spencer et al. examined Arrokoth's geology and geophysics using stereo imaging, dated the surface using impact craters, and produced a geomorphological map. Grundy et al. investigated the composition of the surface using color imaging and spectroscopic data and assessed Arrokoth's thermal emission using microwave radiometry. McKinnon et al. used simulations to determine how Arrokoth formed: Two gravitationally bound objects gently spiraled together during the formation of the Solar System. Together, these papers determine the age, composition, and formation process of the most pristine object yet visited by a spacecraft.

Published
2020
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3. Initial Results from the New Horizons Exploration of 2014 MU69, a Small Kuiper Belt Object

Author

S. A. Stern, H. A. Weaver, J. R. Spencer, C. B. Olkin, G. R. Gladstone, W. M. Grundy, J. M. Moore, D. P. Cruikshank, H. A. Elliott, W. B. McKinnon, J. Wm. Parker, A. J. Verbiscer, L. A. Young, D. A. Aguilar, J. M. Albers, T. Andert, J. P. Andrews, F. Bagenal, M. E. Banks, B. A. Bauer, J. A. Bauman, K. E. Bechtold, C. B. Beddingfield, N. Behrooz, K. B. Beisser, S. D. Benecchi, E. Bernardoni, R. A. Beyer, S. Bhaskaran, C. J. Bierson, R. P. Binzel, E. M. Birath, M. K. Bird, D. R. Boone, A. F. Bowman, V. J. Bray, D. T. Britt, L. E. Brown, M. R. Buckley, M. W. Buie, B. J. Buratti, L. M. Burke, S. S. Bushman, B. Carcich, A. L. Chaikin, C. L. Chavez, A. F. Cheng, E. J. Colwell, S. J. Conard, M. P. Conner, C. A. Conrad, J. C. Cook, S. B. Cooper, O. S. Custodio, C. M. Dalle Ore, C. C. DeBoy, P. Dharmavaram, R. D. Dhingra, G. F. Dunn, A. M. Earle, A. F. Egan, J. Eisig, M. R. El-Maarry, C. Engelbrecht, B. L. Enke, C. J. Ercol, E. D. Fattig, C. L. Ferrell, T. J. Finley, J. Firer, J. Fischetti, W. M. Folkner, M. N. Fosbury, G. H. Fountain, J. M. Freeze, L. Gabasova, L. S. Glaze, J. L. Green, G. A. Griffith, Y. Guo, M. Hahn, D. W. Hals, D. P. Hamilton, S. A. Hamilton, J. J. Hanley, A. Harch, K. A. Harmon, H. M. Hart, J. Hayes, C. B. Hersman, M. E. Hill, T. A. Hill, J. D. Hofgartner, M. E. Holdridge, M. Horanyi, A. Hosadurga, A. D. Howard, C. J. A. Howett, S. E. Jaskulek, D. E. Jennings, J. R. Jensen, M. R. Jones, H. K. Kang, D. J. Katz, D. E. Kaufmann, J. J. Kavelaars, J. T. Keane, G. P. Keleher, M. Kinczyk, M. C. Kochte, P. Kollmann, S. M. Krimigis, G. L. Kruizinga, D. Y. Kusnierkiewicz, M. S. Lahr, T. R. Lauer, G. B. Lawrence, J. E Lee, E. J. Lessac-Chenen, I. R. Linscott, C. M. Lisse, A. W. Lunsford, D. M. Mages, V. A. Mallder, N. P. Martin, B. H. May, D. J. McComas, R. L. McNutt, Jr, D. S. Mehoke, T. S. Mehoke, D. S. Nelson, H. D. Nguyen, J. I. Nunez, A. C. Ocampo, W. M. Owen, G. K. Oxton, A. H. Parker, M. Paetzold, J. Y. Pelgrift, F. J. Pelletier, J. P. Pineau, M. R. Piquette, S. B. Porter, S. Protopapa, E. Quirico, J. A. Redfern, A. L. Regiec, H. J. Reitsema, D. C. Reuter, D. C. Richardson, J. E. Riedel, M. A. Ritterbush, S. J. Robbins, D. J. Rodgers, G. D. Rogers, D. M. Rose, P. E. Rosendall, K. D. Runyon, M. G. Ryschkewitsch, M. M. Saina, M. J. Salinas, P. M. Schenk, J. R. Scherrer, W. R. Schlei, B. Schmitt, D. J. Schultz, D. C. Schurr, F. Scipioni, R. L. Sepan, R. G. Shelton, M. R. Showalter, M. Simon, K. N. Singer, E. W. Stahlheber, D. R. Stanbridge, J. A. Stansberry, A. J. Steffl, D. F. Strobel, M. M. Stothoff, T. Stryk, J. R. Stuart, M. E. Summers, M. B. Tapley, A. Taylor, H. W. Taylor, R. M. Tedford, H. B. Throop, L. S. Turner, O. M. Umurhan, J. Van Eck, D. Velez, M. H. Versteeg, M. A. Vincent, R. W. Webbert, S. E. Weidner, G. E. Weigle, II, J. R. Wendel, O. L. White, K. E. Whittenburg, B. G. Williams, K. E. Williams, S. P. Williams, H. L. Winters, A. M. Zangari, and T. H. Zurbuchen

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The Kuiper Belt is a broad, torus-shaped region in the outer Solar System beyond Neptune’s orbit. It contains primordial planetary building blocks and dwarf planets. NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft conducted a flyby of Pluto and its system of moons on 14 July 2015. New Horizons then continued farther into the Kuiper Belt, adjusting its trajectory to fly close to the small Kuiper Belt object (486958) 2014 MU69 (henceforth MU69; also informally known as Ultima Thule). Stellar occultation observations in 2017 showed that MU69 was ~25 to 35 km in diameter, and therefore smaller than the diameter of Pluto (2375 km) by a factor of ~100 and less massive than Pluto by a factor of ~106. MU69 is located about 1.6 billion kilometers farther from the Sun than Pluto was at the time of the New Horizons flyby. MU69’s orbit indicates that it is a “cold classical” Kuiper Belt object, thought to be the least dynamically evolved population in the Solar System. A major goal of flying past this target is to investigate accretion processes in the outer Solar System and how those processes led to the formation of the planets. Because no small Kuiper Belt object had previously been explored by spacecraft, we also sought to provide a close-up look at such a body’s geology and composition, and to search for satellites, rings, and evidence of present or past atmosphere. We report initial scientific results and interpretations from that flyby.

Published
2019
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4. Volatile exposures on the 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko nucleus

Author

S. Fornasier, H. V. Hoang, M. Fulle, E. Quirico, and M. Ciarniello

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Space and Planetary Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the most extensive catalog of exposures of volatiles on the 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko nucleus generated from observations acquired with the OSIRIS cameras on board the Rosetta mission. We identified more than 600 volatile exposures on the comet. Bright spots are found isolated on the nucleus or grouped in clusters, usually at the bottom of cliffs, and most of them are small, typically a few square meters or smaller. Several of them are clearly correlated with the cometary activity. We note a number of peculiar exposures of volatiles with negative spectral slope values in the high-resolution post-perihelion images, which we interpret as the presence of large ice grains ($>$ 1000 $μ$m) or local frosts condensation. We observe a clear difference both in the spectral slope and in the area distributions of the bright spots pre- and post-perihelion, with these last having lower average spectral slope values and a smaller size, with a median surface of 0.7 m$^2$, even if the size difference is mainly due to the higher resolution achieved post-perihelion. The minimum duration of the bright spots shows three clusters: an area-independent cluster dominated by short-lifetime frosts; an area-independent cluster with lifetime of 0.5--2 days, probably associated with the seasonal fallout of dehydrated chunks; and an area-dependent cluster with lifetime longer than 2 days consistent with water-driven erosion of the nucleus. Even if numerous bright spots are detected, the total surface of exposed water ice is less than 0.1% of the total 67P nucleus surface, confirming that the 67P surface is dominated by refractory dark terrains, while exposed ice occupies only a tiny fraction. Moreover, the abundance of volatile exposures is six times less in the small lobe than in the big lobe, adding additional evidence to the hypothesis that comet 67P is composed of two distinct bodies., 24 pages, 19 Figures; paper accepted for publication in Astron. and Astrophysics on February 2023

Published
2023
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6. Organic detection in the near-infrared spectral Phobos regolith laboratory analogue in preparation for the Martian Moon eXploration mission

Author

A. Wargnier, T. Gautier, O. Poch, P. Beck, E. Quirico, A. Buch, T. Drant, Z. Perrin, and A. Doressoundiram

Subjects
Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Abstract

Context.The Martian Moon eXploration mission (MMX) of the Japanese space agency (JAXA) is scheduled to take off in September 2024 to explore Phobos and Deimos – the two martian moons – by in situ observations, but also by a sampling and returning regolith samples to Earth. The origins of Phobos and Deimos are still unknown and their understanding is one of the main goals of the MMX mission. In one scenario, Phobos could be a captured asteroid, as the Phobos spectrum is similar to dark D-type asteroids.Aims.For the present work, we considered the hypothesis of Phobos being a captured D-type asteroid, and we investigated the detectability of organics on Phobos using laboratory spectral analogues.Methods.We synthesised a near-infrared spectral analogue of Phobos composed of olivine (77 vol.%, 50–125 µm), hyperfine anthracite (20 vol.%, N-Hbands stretching modes absorption due to the amine function in the tholins, so as to assess the detectability of the NH-rich organics on Phobos.Results.We have demonstrated that the organic compounds become detectable for more than 5 vol.% in the mixture. We further studied the observation geometry effects on the absorption band depth and found no significant effect except at large phase angles (>80º). These results will be useful to interpret the data of the MMX Infrared Spectrometer (MIRS) onboard the MMX spacecraft, which will measure the spectral reflectance of Phobos from 0.9 to 3.6 µm.

Published
2023
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7. The organic-rich surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko as seen by VIRTIS/Rosetta

Author

F. Capaccioni, A. Coradini, G. Filacchione, S. Erard, G. Arnold, P. Drossart, M. C. De Sanctis, D. Bockelee-Morvan, M. T. Capria, F. Tosi, C. Leyrat, B. Schmitt, E. Quirico, P. Cerroni, V. Mennella, A. Raponi, M. Ciarniello, T. McCord, L. Moroz, E. Palomba, E. Ammannito, M. A. Barucci, G. Bellucci, J. Benkhoff, J. P. Bibring, A. Blanco, M. Blecka, R. Carlson, U. Carsenty, L. Colangeli, M. Combes, M. Combi, J. Crovisier, T. Encrenaz, C. Federico, U. Fink, S. Fonti, W. H. Ip, P. Irwin, R. Jaumann, E. Kuehrt, Y. Langevin, G. Magni, S. Mottola, V. Orofino, P. Palumbo, G. Piccioni, U. Schade, F. Taylor, D. Tiphene, G. P. Tozzi, P. Beck, N. Biver, L. Bonal, J.-Ph. Combe, D. Despan, E. Flamini, S. Fornasier, A. Frigeri, D. Grassi, M. Gudipati, A. Longobardo, K. Markus, F. Merlin, R. Orosei, G. Rinaldi, K. Stephan, M. Cartacci, A. Cicchetti, S. Giuppi, Y. Hello, F. Henry, S. Jacquinod, R. Noschese, G. Peter, R. Politi, J. M. Reess, and A. Semery

Published
2015
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8. Erratum: Comet 67P outbursts and quiescent coma at 1.3 au from the Sun: dust properties from Rosetta/VIRTIS-H observations

Author

Dominique Bockelée-Morvan, G Rinaldi, S Erard, C Leyrat, F Capaccioni, P Drossart, G Filacchione, A Migliorini, E Quirico, S Mottola, G Tozzi, G Arnold, N Biver, M Combes, J Crovisier, A Longobardo, M Blecka, M-T Capria, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IASI (IASI), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto Fisica Spazio Interplanetario, Dysoxie, suractivité : aspects cellulaires et intégratifs thérapeutiques (DS-ACI / UMR MD2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and bibliotheque, la.

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Asteroiden und Kometen, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, comets: general, Leitungsbereich PF, comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS] Physics [physics], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], infrared: planetary systems, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, addenda, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, errata, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The paper 'Comet 67P outbursts and quiescent coma at 1.3 AU from the Sun: dust properties from Rosetta/VIRTIS-H observations' was published in MNRAS 469, S443 (2017). While performing a follow-up investigation, we discovered a numerical error in the algorithms that were developed to model the infrared continuum emission from a population of dust particles. The results of the scattering models for compact or moderately porous grains (Mie theory) and fluffy grains (Rayleigh-Gans-Debye theory, RGD) are both affected. Though the general conclusions of the paper are unchanged, the quantitative constraints obtained on the dust size distribution in the quiescent coma are slightly different.

Published
2018
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9. Acupuncture in cluster headache: four cases and review of the literature

Author

Chiara Benedetto, Gianni Allais, Paola Borgogno, Luisa Fofi, P. E. Quirico, Piero Barbanti, and Sara Rolando

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, Vasodilator Agents, Acupuncture Therapy, Cluster Headache, Dermatology, Traditional Chinese medicine, Zusanli, Young Adult, Acupuncture, medicine, Humans, Acupoints, Cluster headache, Preventive treatment, business.industry, General Medicine, Acupuncture treatment, medicine.disease, Combined Modality Therapy, Surgery, Psychiatry and Mental health, Verapamil, Anesthesia, Female, Neurology (clinical), Neurosurgery, business, Acupuncture Points, medicine.drug
Abstract

Although cluster headache (CH) is the most disabling form of primary headache, little evidences regarding alternative and complementary therapies are available. Only few dated studies and some isolated cases are described. We describe four patients with CH treated with acupuncture as a preventive treatment, combined with verapamil or alone. All patients received acupuncture treatment twice/week for 2 weeks, then once/week for 8 weeks, and then once/alternate weeks for 2 weeks. According to Traditional Chinese Medicine the acupoints selected were: Ex HN-5 Taiyang, GB 14 Yangbai (both only on the affected side), GB 20 Fengchi (on both sides), LI 4 Hegu, LR 2 Xingjiang, SP 6 Sanyinjiao, ST 36 Zusanli (all on both sides). At each point, after the insertion of the needle, the feeling of "De Qi" was evoked; after obtaining this sensation the acupoints were not further stimulated for a period of 20 min, until their extraction. In all patients an interruption of cluster attacks was obtained. To our knowledge, this is the first report concerning acupuncture in CH patients which details the protocol approach, acupoints and duration of the treatment. Our results offer the opportunity to discuss the emerging role of acupuncture in the therapy of CH, assuming a possible influence on opioid system.

Published
2014
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11. The formation of Charon's red poles from seasonally cold-trapped volatiles

Author

W M, Grundy, D P, Cruikshank, G R, Gladstone, C J A, Howett, T R, Lauer, J R, Spencer, M E, Summers, M W, Buie, A M, Earle, K, Ennico, J Wm, Parker, S B, Porter, K N, Singer, S A, Stern, A J, Verbiscer, R A, Beyer, R P, Binzel, B J, Buratti, J C, Cook, C M, Dalle Ore, C B, Olkin, A H, Parker, S, Protopapa, E, Quirico, K D, Retherford, S J, Robbins, B, Schmitt, J A, Stansberry, O M, Umurhan, H A, Weaver, L A, Young, A M, Zangari, V J, Bray, A F, Cheng, W B, McKinnon, R L, McNutt, J M, Moore, F, Nimmo, D C, Reuter, and P M, Schenk

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Multidisciplinary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Northern Hemisphere, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Pluto, Atmosphere, Complex chemistry, Asteroid, 0103 physical sciences, Polar, Polar cap, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Southern Hemisphere, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

A unique feature of Pluto's large satellite Charon is its dark red northern polar cap. Similar colours on Pluto's surface have been attributed to tholin-like organic macromolecules produced by energetic radiation processing of hydrocarbons. The polar location on Charon implicates the temperature extremes that result from Charon's high obliquity and long seasons in the production of this material. The escape of Pluto's atmosphere provides a potential feedstock for a complex chemistry. Gas from Pluto that is transiently cold-trapped and processed at Charon's winter pole was proposed as an explanation for the dark coloration on the basis of an image of Charon's northern hemisphere, but not modelled quantitatively. Here we report images of the southern hemisphere illuminated by Pluto-shine and also images taken during the approach phase that show the northern polar cap over a range of longitudes. We model the surface thermal environment on Charon and the supply and temporary cold-trapping of material escaping from Pluto, as well as the photolytic processing of this material into more complex and less volatile molecules while cold-trapped. The model results are consistent with the proposed mechanism for producing the observed colour pattern on Charon.

Published
2016

12. Cometary science. The organic-rich surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko as seen by VIRTIS/Rosetta

Author

F, Capaccioni, A, Coradini, G, Filacchione, S, Erard, G, Arnold, P, Drossart, M C, De Sanctis, D, Bockelee-Morvan, M T, Capria, F, Tosi, C, Leyrat, B, Schmitt, E, Quirico, P, Cerroni, V, Mennella, A, Raponi, M, Ciarniello, T, McCord, L, Moroz, E, Palomba, E, Ammannito, M A, Barucci, G, Bellucci, J, Benkhoff, J P, Bibring, A, Blanco, M, Blecka, R, Carlson, U, Carsenty, L, Colangeli, M, Combes, M, Combi, J, Crovisier, T, Encrenaz, C, Federico, U, Fink, S, Fonti, W H, Ip, P, Irwin, R, Jaumann, E, Kuehrt, Y, Langevin, G, Magni, S, Mottola, V, Orofino, P, Palumbo, G, Piccioni, U, Schade, F, Taylor, D, Tiphene, G P, Tozzi, P, Beck, N, Biver, L, Bonal, J-Ph, Combe, D, Despan, E, Flamini, S, Fornasier, A, Frigeri, D, Grassi, M, Gudipati, A, Longobardo, K, Markus, F, Merlin, R, Orosei, G, Rinaldi, K, Stephan, M, Cartacci, A, Cicchetti, S, Giuppi, Y, Hello, F, Henry, S, Jacquinod, R, Noschese, G, Peter, R, Politi, J M, Reess, and A, Semery

Abstract

The VIRTIS (Visible, Infrared and Thermal Imaging Spectrometer) instrument on board the Rosetta spacecraft has provided evidence of carbon-bearing compounds on the nucleus of the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The very low reflectance of the nucleus (normal albedo of 0.060 ± 0.003 at 0.55 micrometers), the spectral slopes in visible and infrared ranges (5 to 25 and 1.5 to 5% kÅ(-1)), and the broad absorption feature in the 2.9-to-3.6-micrometer range present across the entire illuminated surface are compatible with opaque minerals associated with nonvolatile organic macromolecular materials: a complex mixture of various types of carbon-hydrogen and/or oxygen-hydrogen chemical groups, with little contribution of nitrogen-hydrogen groups. In active areas, the changes in spectral slope and absorption feature width may suggest small amounts of water-ice. However, no ice-rich patches are observed, indicating a generally dehydrated nature for the surface currently illuminated by the Sun.

Published
2015

13. Effects of the acupoints PC 6 Neiguan and LR 3 Taichong on cerebral blood flow in normal subjects and in migraine patients

Author

C. De Lorenzo, Chiara Burzio, Chiara Benedetto, Gianni Allais, P. E. Quirico, Fabiola Bergandi, M. Ferrando, Paola Schiapparelli, and Sara Rolando

Subjects
Migraine without Aura, Middle Cerebral Artery, Aura, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial, Dermatology, medicine.artery, Acupuncture, Medicine, Humans, Migraine, Acupoints, business.industry, Foot, Transcranial Doppler, General Medicine, Blood flow, Cerebral blood flow, medicine.disease, Hand, Psychiatry and Mental health, Anesthesia, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Middle cerebral artery, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, Acupuncture Points, Vasoconstriction
Abstract

Acupuncture has been proven to be effective in the treatment of various cardiovascular disorders; it acts both on the peripheral flow and on the cerebral flow. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of the insertion of PC 6 Neiguan and LR 3 Taichong acupoints on the cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA). These effects were measured in a group of patients suffering from migraine without aura (Group M) and in a healthy control group (Group C). In the study, we included 16 patients suffering from migraine without aura, classified according to the criteria of the International Headache Society, and 14 healthy subjects as a control group. The subjects took part in the study on two different days, and on each day, the effect of a single acupoint was evaluated. Transcranial Doppler was used to measure the blood flow velocity (BFV) in the MCA. Our study showed that the stimulation of PC 6 Neiguan in both groups results in a significant and longlasting reduction in the average BFV in the MCA. After pricking LR 3 Taichong, instead, the average BFV undergoes a very sudden and marked increase; subsequently, it decreases and tends to stabilize at a slightly higher level compared with the baseline, recorded before needle insertion. Our data seem to suggest that these two acupoints have very different effects on CBF. The insertion of PC 6 Neiguan probably triggers a vasodilation in MCA, while the pricking of LR 3 Taichong determines a rapid and marked vasoconstriction.

Published
2014

14. Use of a lipid-lowering food supplement in patients on hormone therapy following breast cancer

Author

M, Zanardi, E, Quirico, C, Benvenuti, and A, Pezzana

Subjects
Biological Products, Tamoxifen, Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal, Berberine, Aromatase Inhibitors, Dietary Supplements, Humans, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Hyperlipidemias, Pilot Projects, Middle Aged
Abstract

The aim of this paper was to determine the activity of a natural nutraceuticals combination (AP=Berberine+Red Yeast Rice) on dyslipidemia which frequently persists after life style changes in patients on hormone-therapy following breast cancer (HT-BC).Twenty-one HT-BC patients, free of tumor, mean age 59.9 years, BMI 28,9 kg/m2, waist circumference 95.9 cm, with altered lipid profile (total cholesterol 269.0 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol 54.9 mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol 184.0 mg/dL, and triglycerides 263.3 mg/dL) were recruited. They were recommended a 3-month period of diet followed by a 3-month period of treatment with AP 1 tablet/day. AP tablets contain berberine 500 mg, red yeast rice extract 200 mg (equivalent to 3 mg monacolins), policosanol 10 mg, folic acid 0.2 mg, coenzyme Q10 2 mg, and asthaxantin 0.5 mg.The lipid profile was significantly improved by AP vs. diet: 1.8% decrease in total cholesterol on diet and a further 15.3% decrease with AP vs. diet (P0.001); a 3.1% decrease in LDL cholesterol after diet and an 18.9% decrease after AP treatment vs diet alone (P0.01); a 2.3% decrease in triglycerides after diet alone and a 36.5% decrease after AP vs. diet (P0.05).Adequate life style therapy is effective in reducing, but not in normalizing, the lipid profile in patients on hormone-therapy following breast cancer. The use of natural nutraceuticals as AP, combined with diet, leads to a good therapeutic response and optimal acceptance by the patients.

Published
2012

15. [The role of food in the workplace for health promotion and education to the future]

Author

A, Pezzana, M, Sillano, E, Quirico, V, Cometti, and M, Zanardi

Subjects
Food, Humans, Health Promotion, Workplace, Health Education, Occupational Health, Diet, Forecasting
Abstract

Health promotion and education to the future and sustainability are a new potential approach in order to try to reduce diet- and lifestyle-related diseases (cancer, metabolic disorders, obesity, neurodegenerative diseases). Inclusion of educational pathways associated to food consumption out of the home, especially in the workplace, may represent a brand new strategy of intervention, an alternative to the disappointing results of more traditional information-educational strategies implemented so far.

Published
2011

16. Physical and chemical properties of dust produced in a N2-CH4 RF plasma discharge

Author

F. Ouni, G. Adande, R. Thissen, G. Alcouffe, C. Szopa, I. Schmitz-Afonso, O. Laprévote, E. Quirico, O. Brissaud, N. Carrasco, G. Cernogora, José Tito Mendonça, David P. Resendes, Padma K. Shukla, Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie de Grenoble (LPG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), J.T. Mendonça, D.P. Resendes and P.K. Shukla, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Analytical chemistry, Infrared spectroscopy, plasma radiofrequency heating, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Fourier transform spectroscopy, symbols.namesake, plasma chemistry, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Capacitively coupled plasma, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, dusty plasmas, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chemistry, Plasma, 13. Climate action, Atmospheric chemistry, symbols, Titan (rocket family), aerosols, polymerisation
Abstract

Titan’s atmospheric chemistry is simulated using a Capacitively Coupled Plasma discharge produced in a N2‐CH4 mixture. The produced solid particles are analysed ex‐situ. Chemical properties are deduced from: elemental composition, FTIR and LTQ‐Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Optical properties are deduced from reflectivity in visible and IR range.

Published
2008
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18. Acupuncture in the prophylactic treatment of migraine without aura: a comparison with flunarizine

Author

Giampiero Tolardo, Gianni Allais, Chiara Benedetto, Ornella Mana, Piero E. Quirico, Gisella Airola, and Cristina De Lorenzo

Subjects
Adult, Migraine without Aura, Randomization, Adolescent, Vasodilator Agents, Analgesic, Acupuncture Therapy, Zusanli, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, law, Acupuncture, medicine, Humans, migraine, Flunarizine, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, acupuncture, flunarizine, prophylaxis, randomized controlled trial, Treatment Outcome, Neurology, Tolerability, Migraine, Anesthesia, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Objectives.—In a randomized controlled trial extending over 6 months, we evaluated the effectiveness of acupuncture versus flunarizine in the prophylactic treatment of migraine without aura. Methods.—One hundred sixty women with migraines were randomly assigned to acupuncture treatment (group A, n � 80) or to an oral therapy with flunarizine (group F, n � 80). In group A, acupuncture was carried out in weekly sessions for the first 2 months and then once a month for the next 4 months. The same acupoints were used at each treatment: LR3 Taichong , SP6 Sanyinjiao , ST36 Zusanli , CV12 Zhongwan , LI4 Hegu , PC6 Neiguan , GB20 Fengchi , GB14 Yangbai , EX-HN5 Taiyang , GV20 Baihui. In group F, 10 mg flunarizine were given daily for the first 2 months and then for 20 days per month for the next 4 months. Results.—The frequency of attacks and use of symptomatic drugs significantly decreased during treatment in both groups. The number of attacks after 2 and 4 months of therapy was significantly lower in group A than in group F, and analgesic consumption was significantly lower in group A at 2 months of treatment. At 6 months no such differences existed between the two treatment groups. Pain intensity was significantly reduced only by acupuncture treatment. Side effects were significantly less frequent in group A. Conclusions.—Acupuncture proved to be adequate for migraine prophylaxis. Relative to flunarizine, acupuncture treatment exhibited greater effectiveness in the first months of therapy and superior tolerability.

Published
2002

26. Non-pharmacological approaches to chronic headaches: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, lasertherapy and acupuncture in transformed migraine treatment

Author

P. E. Quirico, Chiara Benedetto, Gianni Allais, C. De Lorenzo, G. Lupi, Gisella Airola, and Ornella Mana

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Adolescent, Headache Disorders, Migraine Disorders, Acupuncture Therapy, Electric Stimulation Therapy, Dermatology, Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, Transformed migraine, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, law, medicine, Acupuncture, Humans, Non pharmacological, Analysis of Variance, business.industry, General Medicine, Lasertherapy, Randomized trial, Middle Aged, Surgery, Tens units, Psychiatry and Mental health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Anesthesia, Scalp, Chronic headaches, Female, Neurology (clinical), Laser Therapy, business
Abstract

In an open, randomized trial, we evaluated transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), infrared lasertherapy and acupuncture in the treatment of transformed migraine, over a 4-month period free of prophylactic drugs. Sixty women suffering from transformed migraine were assigned, after a one month run-in period, to three different treatments: TENS (Group T; n=20), infrared lasertherapy (Group L; n=20) or acupuncture (Group A; n=20). In each group the patients underwent ten sessions of treatment and monthly control visits. In Group T patients were treated for two weeks (5 days/week) simultaneously with three TENS units with different stimulation parameters (I: pulse rate = 80 Hz, pulse width = 120 micros; II: 120 Hz, 90 micros; III: 4 Hz, 200 micros). In Group L an infrared diode laser (27 mW, 904 nm) was applied every other day on tender scalp spots. In Group A acupuncture was carried out twice a week in the first two weeks and weekly in the next 6 weeks. A basic formula (LR3, SP6, LI4, GB20, GV20 and Ex-HN5) was always employed; additional points were selected according to each patient's symptomatology. The number of days with headache per month significantly decreased during treatment in all groups. The response in the groups differed over time, probably due to the different timing of applications of the three methods. TENS, lasertherapy and acupuncture proved to be effective in reducing the frequency of headache attacks. Acupuncture showed the best effectiveness over time.

27. Refractory and semi-volatile organics at the surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko: Insights from the VIRTIS/Rosetta imaging spectrometer

Author

Quirico, E, Moroz, LV, Schmitt, B, Arnold, G, Faure, M, Beck, P, Bonal, L, Ciarniello, M, Capaccioni, F, Filacchione, G, Erard, S, Leyrat, C, Bockelee-Morvan, D, Zinzi, A, Palomba, E, Drossart, P, Tosi, F, Capria, MT, De Sanctis, MC, Raponi, A, Fonti, S, Mancarella, F, Orofino, V, Barucci, A, Blecka, MI, Carlson, R, Despan, D, Faure, A, Fornasier, S, Gudipati, MS, Longobardo, A, Markus, K, Mennella, V, Merlin, F, Piccioni, G, Rousseau, B, Taylor, F, Team, Rosetta VIRTIS, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Centre de physique moléculaire optique et hertzienne (CPMOH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica - Roma (IASF-Roma), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Lecce, Department of Physics [Lecce], Università del Salento [Lecce], Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique UMR6112 (LPG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA), JDS Uniphase/Cronos, USA, JDS Uniphase/Cronos, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), E., Quirico, L. V., Moroz, B., Schmitt, G., Arnold, M., Faure, P., Beck, L., Bonal, M., Ciarniello, F., Capaccioni, G., Filacchione, S., Erard, C., Leyrat, D., Bockelée Morvan, A., Zinzi, E., Palomba, P., Drossart, F., Tosi, M. T., Capria, M. C., De Sancti, A., Raponi, Fonti, Sergio, Mancarella, Francesca, Orofino, Vincenzo, A., Barucci, M. I., Blecka, R., Carlson, D., Despan, A., Faure, S., Fornasier, M. S., Gudipati, A., Longobardo, K., Marku, V., Mennella, F., Merlin, G., Piccioni, B., Rousseau, F., Taylor, ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, DEU, and POL

Subjects
Solar System, Institut für Erd- und Umweltwissenschaften, Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Infrared, Comet, Imaging spectrometer, Organic chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Astrobiology, Chondrite, 0103 physical sciences, Comets, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Infrared observations, Interstellar ice, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Spectrophotometry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Absorption band, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Meteorites
Abstract

The VIRTIS (Visible, Infrared and Thermal Imaging Spectrometer) instrument aboard the Rosetta spacecraft has performed extensive spectral mapping of the surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in the range 0.3-5 mu m. The reflectance spectra collected across the surface display a low reflectance factor over the whole spectral range, two spectral slopes in the visible and near-infrared ranges and a broad absorption band centered at 3.2 mu m. The first two of these characteristics are typical of dark small bodies of the Solar System and are difficult to interpret in terms of composition. Moreover, solar wind irradiation may modify the structure and composition of surface materials and there is no unequivocal interpretation of these spectra devoid of vibrational bands. To circumvent these problems, we consider the composition of cometary grains analyzed in the laboratory to constrain the nature of the cometary materials and consider results on surface rejuvenation and solar wind processing provided by the OSIRIS and ROSINA instruments, respectively. Our results lead to five main conclusions: (i) The low albedo of comet 67P/CG is accounted for by a dark refractory polyaromatic carbonaceous component mixed with opaque minerals. VIRTIS data do not provide direct insights into the nature of these opaque minerals. However, according to the composition of cometary grains analyzed in the laboratory, we infer that they consist of Fe-Ni alloys and FeS sulfides. (ii) A semi-volatile component, consisting of a complex mix of low weight molecular species not volatilized at T similar to 220 K, is likely a major carrier of the 3.2 p.m band. Water ice contributes significantly to this feature in the neck region but not in other regions of the comet. COOH in carboxylic acids is the only chemical group that encompasses the broad width of this feature. It appears as a highly plausible candidate along with the NH4+ ion. (iii) Photolytic/thermal residues, produced in the laboratory from interstellar ice analogs, are potentially good spectral analogs. (iv) No hydrated minerals were identified and our data support the lack of genetic links with the CI, CR and CM primitive chondrites. This concerns in particular the Orgueil chondrite, previously suspected to have been of cometary origin. (v) The comparison between fresh and aged terrains revealed no effect of solar wind irradiation on the 3.2 mu m band. This is consistent with the presence of efficient resurfacing processes such as dust transport from the interior to the surface, as revealed by the OSIRIS camera. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Published
2016
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28. Exposed water ice on the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Author

Giancarlo Bellucci, Katrin Stephan, Yves Langevin, Sergio Fonti, G. Peter, Gianrico Filacchione, Ulrich Schade, G. P. Tozzi, Jacques Crovisier, Costanzo Federico, Eleonora Ammannito, M. I. Blecka, S. Jacquinod, Jean-Michel Reess, M. Cartacci, Michael R. Combi, Vito Mennella, Federico Tosi, Marcello Fulchignoni, Armando Blanco, Giuseppe Piccioni, Roberto Orosei, Bernard Schmitt, Andrea Longobardo, Giovanna Rinaldi, Ralf Jaumann, Vincenzo Orofino, Alessandra Migliorini, Andrea Raponi, Pierre Drossart, M. Combes, David Kappel, Mauro Ciarniello, D. Despan, Murthy S. Gudipati, C. Leyrat, T. Encrenaz, Ernesto Palomba, Andrea Cicchetti, Fabrizio Capaccioni, Michelangelo Formisano, Maria Teresa Capria, Romolo Politi, Dominique Bockelée-Morvan, Stefano Mottola, Enrico Flamini, Pierre Beck, L. Moroz, Gianfranco Magni, U. Fink, Eric Quirico, Fredric W. Taylor, Sonia Fornasier, J-Ph. Combe, F. Merlin, Jean-Pierre Bibring, N. Biver, M. C. De Sanctis, Florence Henry, Uri Carsenty, M. A. Barucci, Gabriele Arnold, Y. Hello, Patrick G. J. Irwin, R. W. Carlson, Wing-Huen Ip, E. Kuehrt, Kathrin Markus, Davide Grassi, S. Giuppi, Raffaella Noschese, Alessandro Frigeri, F. Mancarella, Stéphane Erard, Luigi Colangeli, Lydie Bonal, T. B. McCord, J. Benkhoff, D. Tiphene, Priscilla Cerroni, G., Filacchione, M. C., De Sancti, F., Capaccioni, A., Raponi, F., Tosi, M., Ciarniello, P., Cerroni, G., Piccioni, M. T., Capria, E., Palomba, G., Bellucci, S., Erard, D., Bockelee Morvan, C., Leyrat, G., Arnold, M. A., Barucci, M., Fulchignoni, B., Schmitt, E., Quirico, R., Jaumann, K., Stephan, A., Longobardo, V., Mennella, A., Migliorini, E., Ammannito, J., Benkhoff, J. P., Bibring, Blanco, Armando, M. I., Blecka, R., Carlson, U., Carsenty, L., Colangeli, M., Combe, M., Combi, J., Crovisier, P., Drossart, T., Encrenaz, C., Federico, U., Fink, Fonti, Sergio, W. H., Ip, P., Irwin, E., Kuehrt, Y., Langevin, G., Magni, T., Mccord, L., Moroz, S., Mottola, Orofino, Vincenzo, U., Schade, F., Taylor, D., Tiphene, G. P., Tozzi, P., Beck, N., Biver, L., Bonal, Combe, J. P. h., D., Despan, E., Flamini, M., Formisano, S., Fornasier, A., Frigeri, D., Grassi, M. S., Gudipati, D., Kappel, Mancarella, Francesca, K., Marku, F., Merlin, R., Orosei, G., Rinaldi, M., Cartacci, A., Cicchetti, S., Giuppi, Y., Hello, F., Henry, S., Jacquinod, J. M., Ree, R., Noschese, R., Politi, G., Peter, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica - Roma (IASF-Roma), Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (IFSI), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique Textiles (LPMT), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte (OAC), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences [Ann Arbor] (AOSS), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Instituto de Estudos Avançados (IEAV), Institut, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), University of Arizona, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Lecce, Institute of Space Science [Taiwan], National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Department of Physics [Oxford], University of Oxford, Department of Earth and Space Sciences [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], DLR Institute of Planetary Research, Department of Physics [Lecce], Università del Salento [Lecce], INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alenia Aerospazio, DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), JDS Uniphase/Cronos, USA, JDS Uniphase/Cronos, CNR-IASF, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-ENSITM-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Space Agency (ESA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN), University of Oxford [Oxford], Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique UMR6112 (LPG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ENSITM-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Extraterrestrial Environment, Comet, Mineralogy, comet 67P, 01 natural sciences, water ice, Astrobiology, Diffusion, 0103 physical sciences, Rosetta, medicine, Diffusion (business), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Multidisciplinary, Meteoroid, Spectrum Analysis, Ice, food and beverages, Meteoroids, VIRTIS, Debris, Asteroids, Grain growth, medicine.anatomical_structure, 13. Climate action, comets and Kuiper belt Early solar system, Gases, Layering, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Nucleus, Water vapor
Abstract

Although water vapour is the main species observed in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko1, 2 and water is the major constituent of cometary nuclei3, 4, limited evidence for exposed water-ice regions on the surface of the nucleus has been found so far5, 6. The absence of large regions of exposed water ice seems a common finding on the surfaces of many of the comets observed so far7, 8, 9. The nucleus of 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko appears to be fairly uniformly coated with dark, dehydrated, refractory and organic-rich material10. Here we report the identification at infrared wavelengths of water ice on two debris falls in the Imhotep region of the nucleus. The ice has been exposed on the walls of elevated structures and at the base of the walls. A quantitative derivation of the abundance of ice in these regions indicates the presence of millimetre-sized pure water-ice grains, considerably larger than in all previous observations6, 7, 8, 9. Although micrometre-sized water-ice grains are the usual result of vapour recondensation in ice-free layers6, the occurrence of millimetre-sized grains of pure ice as observed in the Imhotep debris falls is best explained by grain growth by vapour diffusion in ice-rich layers, or by sintering. As a consequence of these processes, the nucleus can develop an extended and complex coating in which the outer dehydrated crust10 is superimposed on layers enriched in water ice. The stratigraphy observed on 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko11, 12 is therefore the result of evolutionary processes affecting the uppermost metres of the nucleus and does not necessarily require a global layering to have occurred at the time of the comet’s formation.

Published
2016
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29. The organic-rich surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko as seen by VIRTIS/Rosetta

Author

Gabriele Arnold, Maria Teresa Capria, Y. Hello, Kathrin Markus, Vincenzo Orofino, A. Semery, Romolo Politi, Stéphane Erard, Roberto Orosei, Robert W. Carlson, Davide Grassi, M. Combes, J. Crovisier, Gianfranco Magni, Andrea Raponi, Michael R. Combi, Priscilla Cerroni, Yves Langevin, L. Moroz, Pierre Drossart, Ulrich Schade, G. P. Tozzi, Wing-Huen Ip, Luigi Colangeli, Fredric W. Taylor, Angioletta Coradini, J. Ph. Combe, Raffaella Noschese, Enrico Flamini, Giancarlo Bellucci, Ernesto Palomba, Sonia Fornasier, F. Merlin, Lydie Bonal, Andrea Longobardo, G. Peter, M. Cartacci, Alessandro Frigeri, Giuseppe Piccioni, Bernard Schmitt, Uwe Fink, Ralf Jaumann, Mauro Ciarniello, D. Despan, M. A. Barucci, Giovanna Rinaldi, Pierre Beck, M. C. De Sanctis, S. Giuppi, S. Jacquinod, Uri Carsenty, D. Bockelee-Morvan, Eric Quirico, Stefano Mottola, F. Henry, N. Biver, Jean-Pierre Bibring, Patrick G. J. Irwin, T. Encrenaz, Katrin Stephan, Andrea Cicchetti, Johannes Benkhoff, C. Leyrat, Gianrico Filacchione, D. Tiphene, J. M. Reess, T. B. McCord, Sergio Fonti, Costanzo Federico, Eleonora Ammannito, M. I. Blecka, Pasquale Palumbo, Armando Blanco, M. Gudipati, Fabrizio Capaccioni, Vito Mennella, Federico Tosi, E. Kuehrt, F., Capaccioni, A., Coradini, G., Filacchione, S., Erard, G., Arnold, P., Drossart, M. C., De Sancti, D., Bockelee Morvan, M. T., Capria, F., Tosi, C., Leyrat, B., Schmitt, E., Quirico, P., Cerroni, V., Mennella, A., Raponi, M., Ciarniello, T., Mccord, L., Moroz, E., Palomba, E., Ammannito, M. A., Barucci, G., Bellucci, J., Benkhoff, J. P., Bibring, Blanco, Armando, M., Blecka, R., Carlson, U., Carsenty, L., Colangeli, M., Combe, M., Combi, J., Crovisier, T., Encrenaz, C., Federico, U., Fink, Fonti, Sergio, W. H., Ip, P., Irwin, R., Jaumann, E., Kuehrt, Y., Langevin, G., Magni, S., Mottola, Orofino, Vincenzo, P., Palumbo, G., Piccioni, U., Schade, F., Taylor, D., Tiphene, G. P., Tozzi, P., Beck, N., Biver, L., Bonal, Combe, J. P. h., D., Despan, E., Flamini, S., Fornasier, A., Frigeri, D., Grassi, M., Gudipati, A., Longobardo, K., Marku, F., Merlin, R., Orosei, G., Rinaldi, K., Stephan, M., Cartacci, A., Cicchetti, S., Giuppi, Y., Hello, F., Henry, S., Jacquinod, R., Noschese, G., Peter, R., Politi, J. M., Ree, A., Semery, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica - Roma (IASF-Roma), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth and Space Sciences [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (IFSI), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Department of Physics [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Instituto de Estudos Avançados (IEAV), Institut, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), University of Arizona, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Lecce, Institute of Space Science [Taiwan], National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), University of Oxford [Oxford], DLR Institute of Planetary Research, Department of Physics [Lecce], Università del Salento [Lecce], INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique UMR6112 (LPG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA), Alenia Aerospazio, JDS Uniphase/Cronos, USA, JDS Uniphase/Cronos, CNR-IASF, IASI (IASI), Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), University of Oxford, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, DEU, TWN, NLD, and POL

Subjects
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Opacity, Rosetta mission, VIRTIS, comets, Infrared, Comet, Imaging spectrometer, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, comet, 0103 physical sciences, Spectral slope, Thermal, Rosetta, Rosetta mission, comets, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Multidisciplinary, Chemistry, Albedo, VIRTIS, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], organic-rich
Abstract

The VIRTIS (Visible, Infrared and Thermal Imaging Spectrometer) instrument on board the Rosetta spacecraft has provided evidence of carbon-bearing compounds on the nucleus of the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The very low reflectance of the nucleus (normal albedo of 0.060 ± 0.003 at 0.55 micrometers), the spectral slopes in visible and infrared ranges (5 to 25 and 1.5 to 5% kÅ −1 ), and the broad absorption feature in the 2.9-to-3.6–micrometer range present across the entire illuminated surface are compatible with opaque minerals associated with nonvolatile organic macromolecular materials: a complex mixture of various types of carbon-hydrogen and/or oxygen-hydrogen chemical groups, with little contribution of nitrogen-hydrogen groups. In active areas, the changes in spectral slope and absorption feature width may suggest small amounts of water-ice. However, no ice-rich patches are observed, indicating a generally dehydrated nature for the surface currently illuminated by the Sun.

Published
2015
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30. The diurnal cycle of water ice on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Author

DE SANCTIS, MARIA CRISTINA, CAPACCIONI, FABRIZIO, CIARNIELLO, Mauro, FILACCHIONE, GIANRICO, FORMISANO, Michelangelo, Mottola, S., RAPONI, Andrea, TOSI, Federico, Bockelée-Morvan, D., Erard, S., Leyrat, C., Schmitt, B., Ammannito, E., Arnold, G., Barucci, M. A., Combi, M., Capria, M. T., Cerroni, P., Ip, W. -H., Kuehrt, E., McCord, T. B., PALOMBA, Ernesto, Beck, P., Quirico, E., VIRTIS Team, PICCIONI, GIUSEPPE, BELLUCCI, Giancarlo, Fulchignoni, M., Jaumann, R., Stephan, K., Longobardo, A., MENNELLA, Vito, MIGLIORINI, Alessandra, Benkhoff, J., Bibring, J. P., Blanco, A., Blecka, M., Carlson, R., Carsenty, U., Colangeli, L., Combes, M., Crovisier, J., Drossart, P., Encrenaz, T., Federico, C., Fink, U., Fonti, S., Irwin, P., Langevin, Y., Magni, G., Moroz, L., Orofino, V., Schade, U., Taylor, F., Tiphene, D., Tozzi, G. P., Biver, N., Bonal, L., Combe, J. -Ph., Despan, D., Flamini, E., Fornasier, S., FRIGERI, ALESSANDRO, GRASSI, Davide, Gudipati, M. S., Mancarella, F., Markus, K., Merlin, F., OROSEI, ROBERTO, RINALDI, GIOVANNA, CARTACCI, MARCO, Cicchetti, A., GIUPPI, Stefano, Hello, Y., Henry, F., Jacquinod, S., Rees, J. M., NOSCHESE, RAFFAELLA, POLITI, ROMOLO, Peter, G., M. C., De Sancti, F., Capaccioni, M., Ciarniello, G., Filacchione, M., Formisano, S., Mottola, A., Raponi, F., Tosi, D., Bockele´e Morvan, S., Erard, C., Leyrat, B., Schmitt, E., Ammannito, G., Arnold, M. A., Barucci, M., Combi, M. T., Capria, P., Cerroni, W. H., Ip, E., Kuehrt, T. B., Mccord, E., Palomba, P., Beck, E., Quirico, G., Piccioni, G., Bellucci, M., Fulchignoni, R., Jaumann, K., Stephan, A., Longobardo, V., Mennella, A., Migliorini, J., Benkhoff, J. P., Bibring, Blanco, Armando, M., Blecka, R., Carlson, U., Carsenty, L., Colangeli, M., Combe, J., Crovisier, P., Drossart, T., Encrenaz, C., Federico, U., Fink, Fonti, Sergio, P., Irwin, Y., Langevin, G., Magni, L., Moroz, Orofino, Vincenzo, U., Schade, F., Taylor, D., Tiphene, G. P., Tozzi, N., Biver, L., Bonal, Combe, J. P. h., D., Despan, E., Flamini, S., Fornasier, A., Frigeri, D., Grassi, M. S., Gudipati, Mancarella, Francesca, K., Marku, F., Merlin, R., Orosei, G., Rinaldi, M., Cartacci, A., Cicchetti, S., Giuppi, Y., Hello, F., Henry, S., Jacquinod, J. M., Ree, R., Noschese, R., Politi, G., Peter, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica - Roma (IASF-Roma), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), DLR Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (IFSI), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences [Ann Arbor] (AOSS), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Institute of Astronomy [Taiwan] (IANCU), National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Department of Earth and Space Sciences [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre, ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, DEU, TWN, NLD, POL, and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)

Subjects
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, Time Factors, Extraterrestrial Environment, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Comet, 01 natural sciences, water ice, Astrobiology, comet, Diurnal cycle, 0103 physical sciences, Sunrise, Water cycle, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Multidisciplinary, Meteoroid, Ice, Diurnal temperature variation, Temperature, food and beverages, Meteoroids, Environmental science, Volatilization, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Surface water, cycle of water ice, Water vapor
Abstract

Observations of cometary nuclei have revealed a very limited amount of surface water ice, which is insufficient to explain the observed water outgassing. This was clearly demonstrated on comet 9P/Tempel 1, where the dust jets (driven by volatiles) were only partially correlated with the exposed ice regions. The observations of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko have revealed that activity has a diurnal variation in intensity arising from changing insolation conditions. It was previously concluded that water vapour was generated in ice-rich subsurface layers with a transport mechanism linked to solar illumination, but that has not hitherto been observed. Periodic condensations of water vapour very close to, or on, the surface were suggested to explain short-lived outbursts seen near sunrise on comet 9P/Tempel 1. Here we report observations of water ice on the surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, appearing and disappearing in a cyclic pattern that follows local illumination conditions, providing a source of localized activity. This water cycle appears to be an important process in the evolution of the comet, leading to cyclical modification of the relative abundance of water ice on its surface.

Published
2015
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31. Calibration of MAJIS (Moons And Jupiter Imaging Spectrometer). I. On-ground setup description and characterization.

Author

Vincendon M, Guiot P, Lecomte B, Condamin M, Poulet F, Arondel A, Barbay J, Carter J, De Angelis S, Dumesnil C, Filacchione G, Haffoud P, Hansotte J, Langevin Y, Mayeur PL, Piccioni G, Pilorget C, Quirico E, and Rodriguez S

Abstract

The visible and infrared Moon And Jupiter Imaging Spectrometer (MAJIS), aboard the JUpiter ICy Moons Explorer (JUICE) spacecraft, will characterize the composition of the surfaces and atmospheres of the Jupiter system. Prior to the launch, a campaign was carried out to obtain the measurements needed to calibrate the instrument. The aim was not only to produce data for the calculation of the radiometric, spectral, and spatial transfer functions but also to evaluate MAJIS performance, such as signal-to-noise ratio and amount of straylight, under near-flight conditions. Here, we first describe the setup implemented to obtain these measurements, based on five optical channels. We notably emphasize the concepts used to mitigate thermal infrared emissions generated at ambient temperatures, since the MAJIS spectral range extends up to 5.6 µm. Then, we characterize the performance of the setup by detailing the validation measurements obtained before the campaign. In particular, the radiometric, geometric, and spectral properties of the setup needed for the inversion of collected data and the calculation of the instrument's calibration functions are presented and discussed. Finally, we provide an overview of conducted measurements with MAJIS, and we discuss unforeseen events encountered during the on-ground calibration campaign., (© 2024 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.)

Published
2024
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32. Calibration of MAJIS (Moons and Jupiter Imaging Spectrometer): V. Validation with mineral samples and reference materials.

Author

Rodriguez S, Vincendon M, Haffoud P, Langevin Y, Poulet F, Quirico E, Pilorget C, Filacchione G, Carter J, Brunetto R, Lecomte B, Guiot P, Dumesnil C, and Piccioni G

Abstract

MAJIS (Moons and Jupiter Imaging Spectrometer) is the imaging spectrometer onboard ESA's JUICE (JUpiter and ICy Moons Explorer) spacecraft that operates in the visible and near/mid-infrared between 0.5 and 5.54 μm. Before the launch of JUICE in April 2023, MAJIS underwent a comprehensive on-ground calibration campaign in between August and September 2021 in the IAS (Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay) calibration facilities. Among all the operations, calibration sequences using a set of natural mineral samples and synthetic reference materials were acquired in order to characterize MAJIS performances under conditions assumed to be close to certain future observation configurations. Here, we analyze these calibration measurements using comparison with laboratory reference spectra to quantify MAJIS spectral and spatial performances while observing these solid surfaces. We first assess the MAJIS absolute spectral calibration of the visible and near-infrared channel covering half of the wavelength range. We then quantify spectral performances in terms of global spectral slopes, band detection, band shape, and depth retrievals, over most of the spectral range using six mineral samples. We conclude that for most configurations, the MAJIS instrument demonstrates excellent spectral performances compliant with the requirements. MAJIS can, however, be affected by stray light contributions, notably for wavelengths lower than about 1.2 μm, and some performances of the instrument may then be significantly impacted depending on viewing conditions. In particular, we have identified cases of spectral contrast reduction up to 40%, absolute spectral shifts up to 2-3 nm, and spectral smile variability by +/1 nm. Finally, we used the MAJIS internal scanning mirror to test its ability to construct hyperspectral images of a few samples: we present the first band depth maps derived with MAJIS while observing a serpentine/carbonate sample, as well as an evaluation of MAJIS spatial point spread function. Overall, the analysis of MAJIS behavior while observing samples confirms most MAJIS expected performance requirements, while revealing subtle spectral perturbations that may be related to stray light and viewing conditions. These differences will be further investigated in-flight during the cruise, with a solar reflected target such as the Moon, as well as Jupiter before the JUICE orbital insertion., (© 2024 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.)

Published
2024
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33. Variations of organic functional chemistry in carbonaceous matter from the asteroid 162173 Ryugu.

Author

De Gregorio B, Cody GD, Stroud RM, David Kilcoyne AL, Sandford S, Le Guillou C, Nittler LR, Barosch J, Yabuta H, Martins Z, Kebukawa Y, Okumura T, Hashiguchi M, Yamashita S, Takeichi Y, Takahashi Y, Wakabayashi D, Engrand C, Bejach L, Bonal L, Quirico E, Remusat L, Duprat J, Verdier-Paoletti M, Mostefaoui S, Komatsu M, Mathurin J, Dazzi A, Deniset-Besseau A, Dartois E, Tamenori Y, Suga H, Montagnac G, Kamide K, Shigenaka M, Matsumoto M, Enokido Y, Yoshikawa M, Saiki T, Tanaka S, Terui F, Nakazawa S, Usui T, Abe M, Okada T, Yada T, Nishimura M, Nakato A, Miyazaki A, Yogata K, Yurimoto H, Nakamura T, Noguchi T, Okazaki R, Naraoka H, Sakamoto K, Tachibana S, Watanabe SI, and Tsuda Y

Abstract

Primordial carbon delivered to the early earth by asteroids and meteorites provided a diverse source of extraterrestrial organics from pre-existing simple organic compounds, complex solar-irradiated macromolecules, and macromolecules from extended hydrothermal processing. Surface regolith collected by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft from the carbon-rich asteroid 162173 Ryugu present a unique opportunity to untangle the sources and processing history of carbonaceous matter. Here we show carbonaceous grains in Ryugu can be classified into three main populations defined by spectral shape: Highly aromatic (HA), Alkyl-Aromatic (AA), and IOM-like (IL). These carbon populations may be related to primordial chemistry, since C and N isotopic compositions vary between the three groups. Diffuse carbon is occasionally dominated by molecular carbonate preferentially associated with coarse-grained phyllosilicate minerals. Compared to related carbonaceous meteorites, the greater diversity of organic functional chemistry in Ryugu indicate the pristine condition of these asteroid samples., (© 2024. This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply.)

Published
2024
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34. Reassigning CI chondrite parent bodies based on reflectance spectroscopy of samples from carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu and meteorites.

Author

Amano K, Matsuoka M, Nakamura T, Kagawa E, Fujioka Y, Potin SM, Hiroi T, Tatsumi E, Milliken RE, Quirico E, Beck P, Brunetto R, Uesugi M, Takahashi Y, Kawai T, Yamashita S, Enokido Y, Wada T, Furukawa Y, Zolensky ME, Takir D, Domingue DL, Jaramillo-Correa C, Vilas F, Hendrix AR, Kikuiri M, Morita T, Yurimoto H, Noguchi T, Okazaki R, Yabuta H, Naraoka H, Sakamoto K, Tachibana S, Yada T, Nishimura M, Nakato A, Miyazaki A, Yogata K, Abe M, Okada T, Usui T, Yoshikawa M, Saiki T, Tanaka S, Terui F, Nakazawa S, Watanabe SI, and Tsuda Y

Abstract

The carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu has been explored by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft to elucidate the actual nature of hydrous asteroids. Laboratory analyses revealed that the samples from Ryugu are comparable to unheated CI carbonaceous chondrites; however, reflectance spectra of Ryugu samples and CIs do not coincide. Here, we demonstrate that Ryugu sample spectra are reproduced by heating Orgueil CI chondrite at 300°C under reducing conditions, which caused dehydration of terrestrial weathering products and reduction of iron in phyllosilicates. Terrestrial weathering of CIs accounts for the spectral differences between Ryugu sample and CIs, which is more severe than space weathering that likely explains those between asteroid Ryugu and the collected samples. Previous assignments of CI chondrite parent bodies, i.e., chemically most primitive objects in the solar system, are based on the spectra of CI chondrites. This study indicates that actual spectra of CI parent bodies are much darker and flatter at ultraviolet to visible wavelengths than the spectra of CI chondrites.

Published
2023
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35. Soluble organic matter Molecular atlas of Ryugu reveals cold hydrothermalism on C-type asteroid parent body.

Author

Schmitt-Kopplin P, Hertkorn N, Harir M, Moritz F, Lucio M, Bonal L, Quirico E, Takano Y, Dworkin JP, Naraoka H, Tachibana S, Nakamura T, Noguchi T, Okazaki R, Yabuta H, Yurimoto H, Sakamoto K, Yada T, Nishimura M, Nakato A, Miyazaki A, Yogata K, Abe M, Usui T, Yoshikawa M, Saiki T, Tanaka S, Terui F, Nakazawa S, Okada T, Watanabe SI, and Tsuda Y

Abstract

The sample from the near-Earth carbonaceous asteroid (162173) Ryugu is analyzed in the context of carbonaceous meteorites soluble organic matter. The analysis of soluble molecules of samples collected by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft shines light on an extremely high molecular diversity on the C-type asteroid. Sequential solvent extracts of increasing polarity of Ryugu samples are analyzed using mass spectrometry with complementary ionization methods and structural information confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Here we show a continuum in the molecular size and polarity, and no organomagnesium molecules are detected, reflecting a low temperature and water-rich environment on the parent body approving earlier mineralogical and chemical data. High abundance of sulfidic and nitrogen rich compounds as well as high abundance of ammonium ions confirm the water processing. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are also detected in a structural continuum of carbon saturations and oxidations, implying multiple origins of the observed organic complexity, thus involving generic processes such as earlier carbonization and serpentinization with successive low temperature aqueous alteration., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

Published
2023
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36. Hydrogen peroxide at the poles of Ganymede.

Author

Trumbo SK, Brown ME, Bockelée-Morvan D, de Pater I, Fouchet T, Wong MH, Cazaux S, Fletcher LN, de Kleer K, Lellouch E, Mura A, Poch O, Quirico E, Rodriguez-Ovalle P, Showalter MR, Tiscareno MS, and Tosi F

Abstract

Ganymede is the only satellite in the solar system known to have an intrinsic magnetic field. Interactions between this field and the Jovian magnetosphere are expected to funnel most of the associated impinging charged particles, which radiolytically alter surface chemistry across the Jupiter system, to Ganymede's polar regions. Using observations obtained with JWST as part of the Early Release Science program exploring the Jupiter system, we report the discovery of hydrogen peroxide, a radiolysis product of water ice, specifically constrained to the high latitudes. This detection directly implies radiolytic modification of the polar caps by precipitation of Jovian charged particles along partially open field lines within Ganymede's magnetosphere. Stark contrasts between the spatial distribution of this polar hydrogen peroxide, those of Ganymede's other radiolytic oxidants, and that of hydrogen peroxide on neighboring Europa have important implications for understanding water-ice radiolysis throughout the solar system.

Published
2023
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37. Macromolecular organic matter in samples of the asteroid (162173) Ryugu.

Author

Yabuta H, Cody GD, Engrand C, Kebukawa Y, De Gregorio B, Bonal L, Remusat L, Stroud R, Quirico E, Nittler L, Hashiguchi M, Komatsu M, Okumura T, Mathurin J, Dartois E, Duprat J, Takahashi Y, Takeichi Y, Kilcoyne D, Yamashita S, Dazzi A, Deniset-Besseau A, Sandford S, Martins Z, Tamenori Y, Ohigashi T, Suga H, Wakabayashi D, Verdier-Paoletti M, Mostefaoui S, Montagnac G, Barosch J, Kamide K, Shigenaka M, Bejach L, Matsumoto M, Enokido Y, Noguchi T, Yurimoto H, Nakamura T, Okazaki R, Naraoka H, Sakamoto K, Connolly HC Jr, Lauretta DS, Abe M, Okada T, Yada T, Nishimura M, Yogata K, Nakato A, Yoshitake M, Iwamae A, Furuya S, Hatakeda K, Miyazaki A, Soejima H, Hitomi Y, Kumagai K, Usui T, Hayashi T, Yamamoto D, Fukai R, Sugita S, Kitazato K, Hirata N, Honda R, Morota T, Tatsumi E, Sakatani N, Namiki N, Matsumoto K, Noguchi R, Wada K, Senshu H, Ogawa K, Yokota Y, Ishihara Y, Shimaki Y, Yamada M, Honda C, Michikami T, Matsuoka M, Hirata N, Arakawa M, Okamoto C, Ishiguro M, Jaumann R, Bibring JP, Grott M, Schröder S, Otto K, Pilorget C, Schmitz N, Biele J, Ho TM, Moussi-Soffys A, Miura A, Noda H, Yamada T, Yoshihara K, Kawahara K, Ikeda H, Yamamoto Y, Shirai K, Kikuchi S, Ogawa N, Takeuchi H, Ono G, Mimasu Y, Yoshikawa K, Takei Y, Fujii A, Iijima YI, Nakazawa S, Hosoda S, Iwata T, Hayakawa M, Sawada H, Yano H, Tsukizaki R, Ozaki M, Terui F, Tanaka S, Fujimoto M, Yoshikawa M, Saiki T, Tachibana S, Watanabe SI, and Tsuda Y

Abstract

Samples of the carbonaceous asteroid (162173) Ryugu were collected and brought to Earth by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We investigated the macromolecular organic matter in Ryugu samples and found that it contains aromatic and aliphatic carbon, ketone, and carboxyl functional groups. The spectroscopic features of the organic matter are consistent with those in chemically primitive carbonaceous chondrite meteorites that experienced parent-body aqueous alteration (reactions with liquid water). The morphology of the organic carbon includes nanoglobules and diffuse carbon associated with phyllosilicate and carbonate minerals. Deuterium and/or nitrogen-15 enrichments indicate that the organic matter formed in a cold molecular cloud or the presolar nebula. The diversity of the organic matter indicates variable levels of aqueous alteration on Ryugu's parent body.

Published
2023
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38. Infrared spectroscopy quantification of functional carbon groups in kerogens and coals: A calibration procedure.

Author

Phan VTH, Quirico E, Beck P, Le Brech Y, Jovanovic L, Le Guillou C, Bernard S, Bonal L, Carrasco N, Gautier T, and Raya J

Abstract

The determination of the abundances of the CH x , C = O and aromatic groups in chondritic Insoluble Organic Matter (IOM) and coals by Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a challenging issue due to insufficient knowledge on the absorption cross-sections and their sensitivity to the molecular environment. Here, we report a calibration approach based on a 13 C synthetic model material whose composition was unambiguously determined by Direct-Pulse/Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (DP/MAS NMR). Ratios of the cross-sections of the CH x , C = O and aromatic groups have been determined, and the method has been applied to IOM samples extracted from four chondrites as Orgueil (CI), Murchison (CM), Tagish Lake (C2-ungrouped) and EET 92042 (CR2), and to a series of coals. The estimate of the aliphatic to aromatic carbon ratio (n CHx /n Aro ) in IOM samples from Orgueil, Murchison and Tagish Lake chondrites is in good agreement with Single-Pulse/NMR estimates earlier published, and is lower by a factor of 1.3 in the case of the CR chondrite EET 92042 (but the error bars overlap). In contrast, the aliphatic to carbonyl ratio (n CHx /n C=O ) is overestimated for the four chondrites. These discrepancies are likely due to the control of the absorption cross-section of the C = O and C = C bonds by the local molecular environment. Regarding coals, the use of published NMR analyses has brought to light that the integrated cross-section ratio A CHx /A Aro varies with the vitrinite reflectance over an order of magnitude. Here as well, the local oxygen speciation plays a critical control in A Aro , which decreases with increasing the vitrinite reflectance. We provide an analytical law that links A CHx /A Aro and vitrinite reflectance, which will allow the determination of n CHx /n Aro for any coal sample, provided its vitrinite reflectance is known., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2021
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39. Ammonium salts are a reservoir of nitrogen on a cometary nucleus and possibly on some asteroids.

Author

Poch O, Istiqomah I, Quirico E, Beck P, Schmitt B, Theulé P, Faure A, Hily-Blant P, Bonal L, Raponi A, Ciarniello M, Rousseau B, Potin S, Brissaud O, Flandinet L, Filacchione G, Pommerol A, Thomas N, Kappel D, Mennella V, Moroz L, Vinogradoff V, Arnold G, Erard S, Bockelée-Morvan D, Leyrat C, Capaccioni F, De Sanctis MC, Longobardo A, Mancarella F, Palomba E, and Tosi F

Abstract

The measured nitrogen-to-carbon ratio in comets is lower than for the Sun, a discrepancy which could be alleviated if there is an unknown reservoir of nitrogen in comets. The nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko exhibits an unidentified broad spectral reflectance feature around 3.2 micrometers, which is ubiquitous across its surface. On the basis of laboratory experiments, we attribute this absorption band to ammonium salts mixed with dust on the surface. The depth of the band indicates that semivolatile ammonium salts are a substantial reservoir of nitrogen in the comet, potentially dominating over refractory organic matter and more volatile species. Similar absorption features appear in the spectra of some asteroids, implying a compositional link between asteroids, comets, and the parent interstellar cloud., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.)

Published
2020
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40. Color, composition, and thermal environment of Kuiper Belt object (486958) Arrokoth.

Author

Grundy WM, Bird MK, Britt DT, Cook JC, Cruikshank DP, Howett CJA, Krijt S, Linscott IR, Olkin CB, Parker AH, Protopapa S, Ruaud M, Umurhan OM, Young LA, Dalle Ore CM, Kavelaars JJ, Keane JT, Pendleton YJ, Porter SB, Scipioni F, Spencer JR, Stern SA, Verbiscer AJ, Weaver HA, Binzel RP, Buie MW, Buratti BJ, Cheng A, Earle AM, Elliott HA, Gabasova L, Gladstone GR, Hill ME, Horanyi M, Jennings DE, Lunsford AW, McComas DJ, McKinnon WB, McNutt RL Jr, Moore JM, Parker JW, Quirico E, Reuter DC, Schenk PM, Schmitt B, Showalter MR, Singer KN, Weigle GE 2nd, and Zangari AM

Abstract

The outer Solar System object (486958) Arrokoth (provisional designation 2014 MU 69 ) has been largely undisturbed since its formation. We studied its surface composition using data collected by the New Horizons spacecraft. Methanol ice is present along with organic material, which may have formed through irradiation of simple molecules. Water ice was not detected. This composition indicates hydrogenation of carbon monoxide-rich ice and/or energetic processing of methane condensed on water ice grains in the cold, outer edge of the early Solar System. There are only small regional variations in color and spectra across the surface, which suggests that Arrokoth formed from a homogeneous or well-mixed reservoir of solids. Microwave thermal emission from the winter night side is consistent with a mean brightness temperature of 29 ± 5 kelvin., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.)

Published
2020
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41. Initial results from the New Horizons exploration of 2014 MU 69 , a small Kuiper Belt object.

Author

Stern SA, Weaver HA, Spencer JR, Olkin CB, Gladstone GR, Grundy WM, Moore JM, Cruikshank DP, Elliott HA, McKinnon WB, Parker JW, Verbiscer AJ, Young LA, Aguilar DA, Albers JM, Andert T, Andrews JP, Bagenal F, Banks ME, Bauer BA, Bauman JA, Bechtold KE, Beddingfield CB, Behrooz N, Beisser KB, Benecchi SD, Bernardoni E, Beyer RA, Bhaskaran S, Bierson CJ, Binzel RP, Birath EM, Bird MK, Boone DR, Bowman AF, Bray VJ, Britt DT, Brown LE, Buckley MR, Buie MW, Buratti BJ, Burke LM, Bushman SS, Carcich B, Chaikin AL, Chavez CL, Cheng AF, Colwell EJ, Conard SJ, Conner MP, Conrad CA, Cook JC, Cooper SB, Custodio OS, Dalle Ore CM, Deboy CC, Dharmavaram P, Dhingra RD, Dunn GF, Earle AM, Egan AF, Eisig J, El-Maarry MR, Engelbrecht C, Enke BL, Ercol CJ, Fattig ED, Ferrell CL, Finley TJ, Firer J, Fischetti J, Folkner WM, Fosbury MN, Fountain GH, Freeze JM, Gabasova L, Glaze LS, Green JL, Griffith GA, Guo Y, Hahn M, Hals DW, Hamilton DP, Hamilton SA, Hanley JJ, Harch A, Harmon KA, Hart HM, Hayes J, Hersman CB, Hill ME, Hill TA, Hofgartner JD, Holdridge ME, Horányi M, Hosadurga A, Howard AD, Howett CJA, Jaskulek SE, Jennings DE, Jensen JR, Jones MR, Kang HK, Katz DJ, Kaufmann DE, Kavelaars JJ, Keane JT, Keleher GP, Kinczyk M, Kochte MC, Kollmann P, Krimigis SM, Kruizinga GL, Kusnierkiewicz DY, Lahr MS, Lauer TR, Lawrence GB, Lee JE, Lessac-Chenen EJ, Linscott IR, Lisse CM, Lunsford AW, Mages DM, Mallder VA, Martin NP, May BH, McComas DJ, McNutt RL Jr, Mehoke DS, Mehoke TS, Nelson DS, Nguyen HD, Núñez JI, Ocampo AC, Owen WM, Oxton GK, Parker AH, Pätzold M, Pelgrift JY, Pelletier FJ, Pineau JP, Piquette MR, Porter SB, Protopapa S, Quirico E, Redfern JA, Regiec AL, Reitsema HJ, Reuter DC, Richardson DC, Riedel JE, Ritterbush MA, Robbins SJ, Rodgers DJ, Rogers GD, Rose DM, Rosendall PE, Runyon KD, Ryschkewitsch MG, Saina MM, Salinas MJ, Schenk PM, Scherrer JR, Schlei WR, Schmitt B, Schultz DJ, Schurr DC, Scipioni F, Sepan RL, Shelton RG, Showalter MR, Simon M, Singer KN, Stahlheber EW, Stanbridge DR, Stansberry JA, Steffl AJ, Strobel DF, Stothoff MM, Stryk T, Stuart JR, Summers ME, Tapley MB, Taylor A, Taylor HW, Tedford RM, Throop HB, Turner LS, Umurhan OM, Van Eck J, Velez D, Versteeg MH, Vincent MA, Webbert RW, Weidner SE, Weigle GE 2nd, Wendel JR, White OL, Whittenburg KE, Williams BG, Williams KE, Williams SP, Winters HL, Zangari AM, and Zurbuchen TH

Abstract

The Kuiper Belt is a distant region of the outer Solar System. On 1 January 2019, the New Horizons spacecraft flew close to (486958) 2014 MU 69 , a cold classical Kuiper Belt object approximately 30 kilometers in diameter. Such objects have never been substantially heated by the Sun and are therefore well preserved since their formation. We describe initial results from these encounter observations. MU 69 is a bilobed contact binary with a flattened shape, discrete geological units, and noticeable albedo heterogeneity. However, there is little surface color or compositional heterogeneity. No evidence for satellites, rings or other dust structures, a gas coma, or solar wind interactions was detected. MU 69 's origin appears consistent with pebble cloud collapse followed by a low-velocity merger of its two lobes., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.)

Published
2019
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42. Assessing the appropriateness of parenteral nutrition use in hospitalized patients. A comparison on parenteral nutrition bag prescription in different wards and nutritional outcomes.

Author

Ponta ML, Rabbione L, Borgio C, Quirico E, Patrito E, Petrachi MN, Girotto E, Sillano M, Geninatti S, Zanardi M, and Pezzana A

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biomarkers blood, Energy Intake, Female, Guideline Adherence, Humans, Italy, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Assessment, Parenteral Nutrition methods, Parenteral Nutrition standards, Parenteral Nutrition Solutions standards, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Prescriptions, Recommended Dietary Allowances, Retrospective Studies, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Hospital Departments standards, Inpatients, Nutritional Status, Nutritive Value, Parenteral Nutrition instrumentation, Parenteral Nutrition Solutions administration & dosage
Abstract

Purpose: Our aim is to assess parenteral nutrition (PN) bag prescription in hospitalized patients and evaluate clinical outcomes linked to PN therapy., Methods: We performed an observational longitudinal retrospective study on PN prescription in a General Public Hospital in Turin, Italy, on ninety-five patients receiving PN prescribed by the Nutrition Support Team (NST). We described patients' demography and assessed nutritional outcomes, as well as PN bag prescription in different wards. Medians were calculated for several clinical parameters before and after PN therapy. A z-test for proportions has been performed to better understand the impact of various conditions on clinical outcomes and to compare differences between administered nutrients and required amounts., Results: The NST resulted responsible for only 18% of bags prescribed in the geriatrics ward and for 48% in the surgery wards. PN was not able to fulfill nutritional requirements resulting in a median lack of 3.1 calories and 0.23 g of proteins per kilogram of reference body weight per day. Despite this, PN therapy was able to improve total blood proteins and calcium blood levels in our cohort. The NST changed the prescription in 55.8% of the pre-existing PN regimens., Conclusions: More strict adherence to guidelines is needed in order to maximize effectiveness of PN and observe a positive impact on clinical parameters., (Copyright © 2018 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2018
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43. Previously unknown class of metalorganic compounds revealed in meteorites.

Author

Ruf A, Kanawati B, Hertkorn N, Yin QZ, Moritz F, Harir M, Lucio M, Michalke B, Wimpenny J, Shilobreeva S, Bronsky B, Saraykin V, Gabelica Z, Gougeon RD, Quirico E, Ralew S, Jakubowski T, Haack H, Gonsior M, Jenniskens P, Hinman NW, and Schmitt-Kopplin P

Abstract

The rich diversity and complexity of organic matter found in meteorites is rapidly expanding our knowledge and understanding of extreme environments from which the early solar system emerged and evolved. Here, we report the discovery of a hitherto unknown chemical class, dihydroxymagnesium carboxylates [(OH) 2 MgO 2 CR] - , in meteoritic soluble organic matter. High collision energies, which are required for fragmentation, suggest substantial thermal stability of these Mg-metalorganics (CHOMg compounds). This was corroborated by their higher abundance in thermally processed meteorites. CHOMg compounds were found to be present in a set of 61 meteorites of diverse petrological classes. The appearance of this CHOMg chemical class extends the previously investigated, diverse set of CHNOS molecules. A connection between the evolution of organic compounds and minerals is made, as Mg released from minerals gets trapped into organic compounds. These CHOMg metalorganic compounds and their relation to thermal processing in meteorites might shed new light on our understanding of carbon speciation at a molecular level in meteorite parent bodies.

Published
2017
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44. Seasonal exposure of carbon dioxide ice on the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.

Author

Filacchione G, Raponi A, Capaccioni F, Ciarniello M, Tosi F, Capria MT, De Sanctis MC, Migliorini A, Piccioni G, Cerroni P, Barucci MA, Fornasier S, Schmitt B, Quirico E, Erard S, Bockelee-Morvan D, Leyrat C, Arnold G, Mennella V, Ammannito E, Bellucci G, Benkhoff J, Bibring JP, Blanco A, Blecka MI, Carlson R, Carsenty U, Colangeli L, Combes M, Combi M, Crovisier J, Drossart P, Encrenaz T, Federico C, Fink U, Fonti S, Fulchignoni M, Ip WH, Irwin P, Jaumann R, Kuehrt E, Langevin Y, Magni G, McCord T, Moroz L, Mottola S, Palomba E, Schade U, Stephan K, Taylor F, Tiphene D, Tozzi GP, Beck P, Biver N, Bonal L, Combe JP, Despan D, Flamini E, Formisano M, Frigeri A, Grassi D, Gudipati MS, Kappel D, Longobardo A, Mancarella F, Markus K, Merlin F, Orosei R, Rinaldi G, Cartacci M, Cicchetti A, Hello Y, Henry F, Jacquinod S, Reess JM, Noschese R, Politi R, and Peter G

Abstract

Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is one of the most abundant species in cometary nuclei, but because of its high volatility, CO 2 ice is generally only found beneath the surface. We report the infrared spectroscopic identification of a CO 2 ice-rich surface area located in the Anhur region of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Spectral modeling shows that about 0.1% of the 80- by 60-meter area is CO 2 ice. This exposed ice was observed a short time after the comet exited local winter; following the increased illumination, the CO 2 ice completely disappeared over about 3 weeks. We estimate the mass of the sublimated CO 2 ice and the depth of the eroded surface layer. We interpret the presence of CO 2 ice as the result of the extreme seasonal changes induced by the rotation and orbit of the comet., (Copyright © 2016, American Association for the Advancement of Science.)

Published
2016
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45. The formation of Charon's red poles from seasonally cold-trapped volatiles.

Author

Grundy WM, Cruikshank DP, Gladstone GR, Howett CJ, Lauer TR, Spencer JR, Summers ME, Buie MW, Earle AM, Ennico K, Parker JW, Porter SB, Singer KN, Stern SA, Verbiscer AJ, Beyer RA, Binzel RP, Buratti BJ, Cook JC, Dalle Ore CM, Olkin CB, Parker AH, Protopapa S, Quirico E, Retherford KD, Robbins SJ, Schmitt B, Stansberry JA, Umurhan OM, Weaver HA, Young LA, Zangari AM, Bray VJ, Cheng AF, McKinnon WB, McNutt RL, Moore JM, Nimmo F, Reuter DC, and Schenk PM

Abstract

A unique feature of Pluto's large satellite Charon is its dark red northern polar cap. Similar colours on Pluto's surface have been attributed to tholin-like organic macromolecules produced by energetic radiation processing of hydrocarbons. The polar location on Charon implicates the temperature extremes that result from Charon's high obliquity and long seasons in the production of this material. The escape of Pluto's atmosphere provides a potential feedstock for a complex chemistry. Gas from Pluto that is transiently cold-trapped and processed at Charon's winter pole was proposed as an explanation for the dark coloration on the basis of an image of Charon's northern hemisphere, but not modelled quantitatively. Here we report images of the southern hemisphere illuminated by Pluto-shine and also images taken during the approach phase that show the northern polar cap over a range of longitudes. We model the surface thermal environment on Charon and the supply and temporary cold-trapping of material escaping from Pluto, as well as the photolytic processing of this material into more complex and less volatile molecules while cold-trapped. The model results are consistent with the proposed mechanism for producing the observed colour pattern on Charon.

Published
2016
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46. Surface compositions across Pluto and Charon.

Author

Grundy WM, Binzel RP, Buratti BJ, Cook JC, Cruikshank DP, Dalle Ore CM, Earle AM, Ennico K, Howett CJ, Lunsford AW, Olkin CB, Parker AH, Philippe S, Protopapa S, Quirico E, Reuter DC, Schmitt B, Singer KN, Verbiscer AJ, Beyer RA, Buie MW, Cheng AF, Jennings DE, Linscott IR, Parker JW, Schenk PM, Spencer JR, Stansberry JA, Stern SA, Throop HB, Tsang CC, Weaver HA, Weigle GE 2nd, and Young LA

Abstract

The New Horizons spacecraft mapped colors and infrared spectra across the encounter hemispheres of Pluto and Charon. The volatile methane, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen ices that dominate Pluto's surface have complicated spatial distributions resulting from sublimation, condensation, and glacial flow acting over seasonal and geological time scales. Pluto's water ice "bedrock" was also mapped, with isolated outcrops occurring in a variety of settings. Pluto's surface exhibits complex regional color diversity associated with its distinct provinces. Charon's color pattern is simpler, dominated by neutral low latitudes and a reddish northern polar region. Charon's near-infrared spectra reveal highly localized areas with strong ammonia absorption tied to small craters with relatively fresh-appearing impact ejecta., (Copyright © 2016, American Association for the Advancement of Science.)

Published
2016
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47. Exposed water ice on the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.

Author

Filacchione G, De Sanctis MC, Capaccioni F, Raponi A, Tosi F, Ciarniello M, Cerroni P, Piccioni G, Capria MT, Palomba E, Bellucci G, Erard S, Bockelee-Morvan D, Leyrat C, Arnold G, Barucci MA, Fulchignoni M, Schmitt B, Quirico E, Jaumann R, Stephan K, Longobardo A, Mennella V, Migliorini A, Ammannito E, Benkhoff J, Bibring JP, Blanco A, Blecka MI, Carlson R, Carsenty U, Colangeli L, Combes M, Combi M, Crovisier J, Drossart P, Encrenaz T, Federico C, Fink U, Fonti S, Ip WH, Irwin P, Kuehrt E, Langevin Y, Magni G, McCord T, Moroz L, Mottola S, Orofino V, Schade U, Taylor F, Tiphene D, Tozzi GP, Beck P, Biver N, Bonal L, Combe JP, Despan D, Flamini E, Formisano M, Fornasier S, Frigeri A, Grassi D, Gudipati MS, Kappel D, Mancarella F, Markus K, Merlin F, Orosei R, Rinaldi G, Cartacci M, Cicchetti A, Giuppi S, Hello Y, Henry F, Jacquinod S, Reess JM, Noschese R, Politi R, and Peter G

Subjects
Diffusion, Gases analysis, Gases chemistry, Spectrum Analysis, Extraterrestrial Environment chemistry, Ice analysis, Meteoroids
Abstract

Although water vapour is the main species observed in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and water is the major constituent of cometary nuclei, limited evidence for exposed water-ice regions on the surface of the nucleus has been found so far. The absence of large regions of exposed water ice seems a common finding on the surfaces of many of the comets observed so far. The nucleus of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko appears to be fairly uniformly coated with dark, dehydrated, refractory and organic-rich material. Here we report the identification at infrared wavelengths of water ice on two debris falls in the Imhotep region of the nucleus. The ice has been exposed on the walls of elevated structures and at the base of the walls. A quantitative derivation of the abundance of ice in these regions indicates the presence of millimetre-sized pure water-ice grains, considerably larger than in all previous observations. Although micrometre-sized water-ice grains are the usual result of vapour recondensation in ice-free layers, the occurrence of millimetre-sized grains of pure ice as observed in the Imhotep debris falls is best explained by grain growth by vapour diffusion in ice-rich layers, or by sintering. As a consequence of these processes, the nucleus can develop an extended and complex coating in which the outer dehydrated crust is superimposed on layers enriched in water ice. The stratigraphy observed on 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is therefore the result of evolutionary processes affecting the uppermost metres of the nucleus and does not necessarily require a global layering to have occurred at the time of the comet's formation.

Published
2016
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48. The diurnal cycle of water ice on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.

Author

De Sanctis MC, Capaccioni F, Ciarniello M, Filacchione G, Formisano M, Mottola S, Raponi A, Tosi F, Bockelée-Morvan D, Erard S, Leyrat C, Schmitt B, Ammannito E, Arnold G, Barucci MA, Combi M, Capria MT, Cerroni P, Ip WH, Kuehrt E, McCord TB, Palomba E, Beck P, and Quirico E

Subjects
Temperature, Time Factors, Volatilization, Extraterrestrial Environment chemistry, Ice analysis, Meteoroids
Abstract

Observations of cometary nuclei have revealed a very limited amount of surface water ice, which is insufficient to explain the observed water outgassing. This was clearly demonstrated on comet 9P/Tempel 1, where the dust jets (driven by volatiles) were only partially correlated with the exposed ice regions. The observations of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko have revealed that activity has a diurnal variation in intensity arising from changing insolation conditions. It was previously concluded that water vapour was generated in ice-rich subsurface layers with a transport mechanism linked to solar illumination, but that has not hitherto been observed. Periodic condensations of water vapour very close to, or on, the surface were suggested to explain short-lived outbursts seen near sunrise on comet 9P/Tempel 1. Here we report observations of water ice on the surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, appearing and disappearing in a cyclic pattern that follows local illumination conditions, providing a source of localized activity. This water cycle appears to be an important process in the evolution of the comet, leading to cyclical modification of the relative abundance of water ice on its surface.

Published
2015
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49. Cometary science. The organic-rich surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko as seen by VIRTIS/Rosetta.

Author

Capaccioni F, Coradini A, Filacchione G, Erard S, Arnold G, Drossart P, De Sanctis MC, Bockelee-Morvan D, Capria MT, Tosi F, Leyrat C, Schmitt B, Quirico E, Cerroni P, Mennella V, Raponi A, Ciarniello M, McCord T, Moroz L, Palomba E, Ammannito E, Barucci MA, Bellucci G, Benkhoff J, Bibring JP, Blanco A, Blecka M, Carlson R, Carsenty U, Colangeli L, Combes M, Combi M, Crovisier J, Encrenaz T, Federico C, Fink U, Fonti S, Ip WH, Irwin P, Jaumann R, Kuehrt E, Langevin Y, Magni G, Mottola S, Orofino V, Palumbo P, Piccioni G, Schade U, Taylor F, Tiphene D, Tozzi GP, Beck P, Biver N, Bonal L, Combe JP, Despan D, Flamini E, Fornasier S, Frigeri A, Grassi D, Gudipati M, Longobardo A, Markus K, Merlin F, Orosei R, Rinaldi G, Stephan K, Cartacci M, Cicchetti A, Giuppi S, Hello Y, Henry F, Jacquinod S, Noschese R, Peter G, Politi R, Reess JM, and Semery A

Abstract

The VIRTIS (Visible, Infrared and Thermal Imaging Spectrometer) instrument on board the Rosetta spacecraft has provided evidence of carbon-bearing compounds on the nucleus of the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The very low reflectance of the nucleus (normal albedo of 0.060 ± 0.003 at 0.55 micrometers), the spectral slopes in visible and infrared ranges (5 to 25 and 1.5 to 5% kÅ(-1)), and the broad absorption feature in the 2.9-to-3.6-micrometer range present across the entire illuminated surface are compatible with opaque minerals associated with nonvolatile organic macromolecular materials: a complex mixture of various types of carbon-hydrogen and/or oxygen-hydrogen chemical groups, with little contribution of nitrogen-hydrogen groups. In active areas, the changes in spectral slope and absorption feature width may suggest small amounts of water-ice. However, no ice-rich patches are observed, indicating a generally dehydrated nature for the surface currently illuminated by the Sun., (Copyright © 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science.)

Published
2015
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50. Use of a lipid-lowering food supplement in patients on hormone therapy following breast cancer.

Author

Zanardi M, Quirico E, Benvenuti C, and Pezzana A

Subjects
Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal adverse effects, Aromatase Inhibitors therapeutic use, Breast Neoplasms therapy, Female, Humans, Hyperlipidemias chemically induced, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Tamoxifen adverse effects, Berberine therapeutic use, Biological Products therapeutic use, Dietary Supplements, Hyperlipidemias diet therapy, Hyperlipidemias prevention & control
Abstract

Aim: The aim of this paper was to determine the activity of a natural nutraceuticals combination (AP=Berberine+Red Yeast Rice) on dyslipidemia which frequently persists after life style changes in patients on hormone-therapy following breast cancer (HT-BC)., Methods: Twenty-one HT-BC patients, free of tumor, mean age 59.9 years, BMI 28,9 kg/m2, waist circumference 95.9 cm, with altered lipid profile (total cholesterol 269.0 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol 54.9 mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol 184.0 mg/dL, and triglycerides 263.3 mg/dL) were recruited. They were recommended a 3-month period of diet followed by a 3-month period of treatment with AP 1 tablet/day. AP tablets contain berberine 500 mg, red yeast rice extract 200 mg (equivalent to 3 mg monacolins), policosanol 10 mg, folic acid 0.2 mg, coenzyme Q10 2 mg, and asthaxantin 0.5 mg., Results: The lipid profile was significantly improved by AP vs. diet: 1.8% decrease in total cholesterol on diet and a further 15.3% decrease with AP vs. diet (P<0.001); a 3.1% decrease in LDL cholesterol after diet and an 18.9% decrease after AP treatment vs diet alone (P<0.01); a 2.3% decrease in triglycerides after diet alone and a 36.5% decrease after AP vs. diet (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Adequate life style therapy is effective in reducing, but not in normalizing, the lipid profile in patients on hormone-therapy following breast cancer. The use of natural nutraceuticals as AP, combined with diet, leads to a good therapeutic response and optimal acceptance by the patients.

Published
2012

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