Search

The global pandemic opened a portal for a different paradigm of educational leadership to emerge. Reaching beyond only critique of the Conversations in Urban Educationentional, color-evasive leadership research and practice, we share how our leadership of a systems-focused preparation program turned to ancestral knowledges, relationality, and cultural practices embedded in Indigenous, Black and other communities of color to lead possible transformative futures with the youth and families owed a profound educational debt. The program shift enabled the practitioner leadership students to take up their leadership as a humanizing, liberatory practice that works toward familial relations with their students and families. We frame this journey "through the portal" and share exceResearch Perspectivests from the public pedagogy of two students as they build from their own Expressions in Urban Educationeriences as Black leaders who do not simply resist or fight unjust systems, but who also dream and live justice with young people and their families through education.

The precisions of existing gravitational calibrators for gravitational wave observatories are limited by their dependence on the relative position between the calibrators and the observatory's test masses. Here we present a novel geometry consisting of four quadrupole rotors placed at the vertices of a rectangle centered on the test mass. The phases and rotation directions are selected to produce a pseudo plane-wave sinusoidal gravitational acceleration with amplitude of ~ 100 fm/s^2. We show that this acceleration only has minimal dependence on the test mass position relative to the rotor array and can yield 0.15% acceleration amplitude uncertainty while tolerating a 1-cm test mass position uncertainty. The acceleration can be directed precisely along the optical axis of the interferometer arm and applies no torque on the test mass. In addition, the small size of the rotors has significant engineering and safety benefits.

Developing an effective automatic classifier to separate genuine sources from artifacts is essential for transient follow-ups in wide-field optical surveys. The identification of transient detections from the subtraction artifacts after the image differencing process is a key step in such classifiers, known as real-bogus classification problem. We apply a self-supervised machine learning model, the deep-embedded self-organizing map (DESOM) to this ‘real-bogus’ classification problem. DESOM combines an autoencoder and a self-organizing map to perform clustering in order to distinguish between real and bogus detections, based on their dimensionality-reduced representations. We use 32 × 32 normalized detection thumbnails as the input of DESOM. We demonstrate different model training approaches, and find that our best DESOM classifier shows a missed detection rate of $6.6{{\ \rm per\,cent}}$ with a false-positive rate of $1.5{{\ \rm per\,cent}}$. DESOM offers a more nuanced way to fine-tune the decision boundary identifying likely real detections when used in combination with other types of classifiers, e.g. built on neural networks or decision trees. We also discuss other potential usages of DESOM and its limitations.

The Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO) is an array of wide-field optical telescopes, designed to exploit new discoveries from the next generation of gravitational wave detectors (LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA), study rapidly evolving transients, and exploit multi-messenger opportunities arising from neutrino and very high energy gamma-ray triggers. In addition to a rapid response mode, the array will also perform a sensitive, all-sky transient survey with few day cadence. The facility features a novel, modular design with multiple 40-cm wide-field reflectors on a single mount. In June 2017 the GOTO collaboration deployed the initial project prototype, with 4 telescope units, at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory (ORM), La Palma, Canary Islands. Here we describe the deployment, commissioning, and performance of the prototype hardware, and discuss the impact of these findings on the final GOTO design. We also offer an initial assessment of the science prospects for the full GOTO facility that employs 32 telescope units across two sites., 19 pages, 16 Figures, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Phase Locked Loops are provided as a manner of assessing, monitoring and forecasting with seasonal or cyclical data. Phase Locked Loops using adaptive filtering were initially utilized for gravitational wave data analysis. In this paper we examine this implementation as an alternative approach for identifying the presence of one or more cycles in environmental data. Unlike most techniques for assessing seasonality phase lock loops can identify the presence of cycles without prior suspicion of their nature and existence. This is important for identifying either the initiation of new cycles or changes in existing cycles. As environmental data can be impacted by the presence of numerous cyclical phenomena and these cycles can change over time, this is a suitable and valuable technique. The technique can be used on existing data sets or assessing data streams. Phase Locked Loops are advantageous over many currently as the presence of multiple different cycles can be identified without prior suspicion and specification of the nature of the cyclicality of the data. The speed and parsimonious nature of the technique makes Phase Lock Loops ideal for Big Data and data flows that are so large that they must be assessed on a real time basis. The technique can manage and advise of changes in frequency, amplitude and phase shifts. The technique is illustrated utilizing weather data.

Effects of individual protein sources or blends on microstructure and melt-down rates of ice cream were investigated. Ice creams were formulated with non-fat dry milk (NFDM), milk protein concentrate, whey protein isolate (WPI), or procream to total protein concentrations of 4–10%. Ice creams were also made with protein blends containing 4% protein from NFDM with additional WPI or procream to total protein concentrations of 6–10%. Mean ice crystal and air cell sizes and overrun were not significantly impacted by protein source, blend, or concentration. Partially-coalesced fat decreased with increasing protein content, except in ice creams made with only NFDM. Melt rate tended to increase with protein content, with the exception of ice creams made with procream, which gave rapid melt rates at all protein concentrations. Protein type, blend and concentration were hypothesized to affect the properties of the emulsion interface, leading to differences in partial coalescence and melt-down rates.

Supplementary Materials. (PDF 1024 kb)

This study investigated the effects of combined titanium nano-/micron-scale roughness, induced by hydrogen peroxide pre-treatments, on bone marrow stromal cell responses and Porphyromonas gingivalis adherence in vitro. Untreated surfaces exhibited nano-scale features, while hydrogen peroxide treatments promoted increased nano-/micron-scale roughness. Bone marrow stromal cell attachment and proliferation were maintained with 6 h and 24 h treatments, but significantly decreased on 1-week and 4-week-treated surfaces. Bone marrow stromal cells on 6 h-4 week-treated titanium demonstrated enhanced osteogenic differentiation versus untreated surfaces. P. gingivalis adherence was significantly increased on 24 h–4 week surfaces. Results suggest that 6 h but less than 24 h treatments maintain or promote bone marrow stromal cell responses while minimizing microbial adherence, potentially enhancing titanium surface bio-activation for osseointegration.

Background: Researchers have attempted to enhance titanium osseointegration by modifying its surface properties, including via H2O2 pre-treatment, with reported treatment regimes varying from minutes/hours, to weeks. Objective: This study examined the effects of various H2O2 treatments on titanium surface topography/roughness, chemical composition/oxide thickness, hydrophilicity and plasma protein adsorption. Materials and methods: Titanium discs were treated with 30% H2O2 for 0–24 h or 1–4 weeks and subjected to atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), profilometry, X-ray photon spectroscopy and contact angle analysis. For protein adsorption, whole plasma and FITC-conjugated serum albumin were added to 0–24 h and 1–4 week H2O2-treated discs and examined by SEM and fluorescence microscopy, respectively. Results: AFM, SEM and profilometry demonstrated that 1–6 h H2O2-treated discs exhibited subtle alterations in surface topography/roughness at the nanometre scale, although 24 h and 1–4 week H2O2-treated discs exhibited much greater increases in surface roughness, in the micrometre range. Maximal increases in surface oxide thickness and chemical modification were identified between 1 h–4 weeks and 3 h–4 weeks, respectively, although no increases in oxygen/titanium (O1s : Ti2p) molar ratio or in hydrophilicity were evident. Plasma and serum albumin adsorption increased on 1–24 h H2O2-treated discs, with further increases on 1–4 week H2O2-treated discs. Conclusions: Based upon the present data and previous findings, this study supports the concept that surface topography/roughness and oxide composition/thickness, are more significantly modified by H2O2 treatment and more influential to protein adsorption than hydrophilicity. Additionally, it can be hypothesized that the 24 h H2O2 treatment of titanium surfaces, which induced micrometre scale changes in roughness and protein adsorption, to those associated with enhanced osteoblast attachment/behaviour, mineralisation and subsequent implant osseointegration, would be most beneficial.

Austenitic stainless suffers from low wear resistance in applications where rubbing against other surfaces is encountered. This drawback can be overcome by surface treatment such as coating by hard materials. Other treatments such as carburization at relatively low temperature become applicable recently to improve hardness and wear resistance. Carburization heat treatment would only be justified if the corrosion resistance is unaffected. In this work samples of 304 stainless steels treated by colossal supersaturation case carburizing (known as Kolsterising) carried out by Bodycote Company was examined for pitting corrosion resistance at room temperature and at 50 °C. Comparison with results obtained for untreated samples in similar testing conditions show that there is no deterioration in the pitting resistance due to the Kolsterising heat treatment. X ray diffraction patterns obtained for Kolsterising sample showed that peaks correspond to the austenite phase has shifted to lower 2θ values compared with those of the untreated sample. The shift is an indication for expansion of austenite unit cells caused by saturation with diffusing carbon atoms. The XRD of Kolsterising samples also revealed additional peaks appeared in the patterns due to formation of carbides in the kolsterised layer. Examination of these additional peaks showed that these peaks are attributed to a type of carbide known as Hagg carbide Fe2C5. The absence of carbides that contain chromium means that no Cr depletion occurred in the layer and the corrosion properties are maintained. Surface hardness measurements showed large increase after Kolsterising heat treatment.

This paper applies the cost–benefit analysis framework to the issue of wild geese conservation in Scotland. Wild goose numbers have risen rapidly over the past 30 years, bringing nature conservationists into conflict with farmers whose crops are damaged. We estimate the costs of damage due to goose grazing to farmers in two goose areas, Strathbeg and Islay. Conservation benefits are estimated using a contingent valuation survey of the Scottish population, and we find that benefits outweigh costs by a very considerable margin. This can be seen as providing support for recent UK government moves to compensate farmers in goose areas in order to further conservation.

As the nation's nuclear energy laboratory, Idaho National Laboratory brings together talented people and specialized nuclear research capability to accomplish our mission. This edition of the Nuclear Fuels and Materials Division Spotlight provides an overview of some of our recent accomplishments in research and capability development. These accomplishments include: • The first identification of silver and palladium migrating through the SiC layer in TRISO fuel • A description of irradiation assisted stress corrosion testing capabilities that support commercial light water reactor life extension • Results of high-temperature safety testing on coated particle fuels irradiated in the ATR • New methods for testing the integrity of irradiated plate-type reactor fuel • Description of a 'Smart Fuel' concept that wirelessly provides real time information about changes in nuclear fuel properties and operating conditions • Development and testing of ultrasonic transducers and real-time flux sensors for use inside reactor cores, and • An example of a capsule irradiation test. Throughout Spotlight, you'll find examples of productive partnerships with academia, industry, and government agencies that deliver high-impact outcomes. The work conducted at Idaho National Laboratory helps to spur innovation in nuclear energy applications that drive economic growth and energy security. We appreciate your interest more » in our work here at INL, and hope that you find this issue informative. « less

This study investigates the familial resemblance of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) based on data from 86 nuclear families of Caucasian descent participating in the HERITAGE Family Study. In the current study, VO2max was measured twice on a cycle ergometer in 429 sedentary individuals (170 parents and 259 of their offspring), aged between 16 and 65 yr. The VO2max was adjusted by regression procedures for the effects of 1) age and sex; 2) age, sex, and body mass; and 3) age, sex, body mass, fat mass, and fat-free mass, as determined by underwater weighing. Evidence for significant familial resemblance was observed for each of the three VO2max phenotypes. Spouse, sibling, and parent-offspring correlations were significant, suggesting that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the familial resemblance for VO2max. Maximal heritability estimates were at least 50%, a value inflated to an undetermined degree by nongenetic factors. The hypothesis of maternal inheritance, with the father's contribution being environmental, was also found to fit the data with estimates of maternal heritability, potentially associated in part with mitochondrial inheritance, reaching about 30%. These results suggest that genetic and nongenetic factors as well as maternal influences contribute to the familial aggregation of VO2max in sedentary individuals.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the reproducibility of anthropometric and body composition measures using the HERITAGE Family Study protocol. DESIGN: Anthropometric and body composition measures were obtained on three separate days within a 3-wk period at each of the four HERITAGE Clinical Centers. SUBJECTS: Sixty men and women representative of the HERITAGE subject population, 15 from each of four Clinical Centers. MEASUREMENTS: Anthropometric measures included eight skinfolds, three girths and one length; and body composition measures included stature, mass, hydrostatic weight, residual volume, and body density, from which relative fat, fat mass and fat-free mass were estimated. RESULTS: Reproducibility as determined by technical error, coefficient of variation, and intraclass correlations was very high for the total sample. For example, intraclass correlations for the total sample generally ranged from 0.95–0.99 for the anthropometric measures, and from 0.97–1.00 for the body composition measures. The results across Clinical Centers were in close agreement with each other and with the pooled data. CONCLUSIONS: The reproducibility of anthropometric and body composition measures using the HERITAGE Family Study protocol is sufficiently high that it should be possible to detect small changes in any of these measures and to determine the genetic basis of these changes consequent to a 20 wk endurance training program.

As part of the Advanced Test Reactor National Scientific User Facility (ATR-NSUF) program, the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has developed in-house capabilities to fabricate, test, and qualify new and enhanced temperature sensors for irradiation testing. Clearly, temperature sensor selection for irradiation tests will be determined based on the irradiation environment and budget. However, temperature sensors now offered by INL include a wide array of melt wires in small capsules, silicon carbide monitors, commercially available thermocouples, and specialized high temperature irradiation resistant thermocouples containing doped molybdenum and niobium alloy thermoelements. In addition, efforts have been initiated to develop and evaluate ultrasonic thermometers for irradiation testing. This array of temperature monitoring options now available to ATR and other Material and Test Reactor (MTR) users fulfills recent customer requests.

The Department of Energy (DOE) designated the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) as a National Scientific User Facility (NSUF) in April 2007 to support U.S. leadership in nuclear science and technology. By attracting new research users - universities, laboratories, and industry - the ATR will support basic and applied nuclear research and development, further advancing the nation's energy security needs. A key component of the ATR NSUF effort is to prove new in-pile instrumentation techniques that are capable of providing real-time measurements of key parameters during irradiation. To address this need, an assessment of instrumentation available and under-development at other test reactors has been completed. Based on this review, recommendations are made with respect to what instrumentation is needed at the ATR and a strategy has been developed for obtaining these sensors. Progress toward implementing this strategy is reported in this document. It is anticipated that this report will be updated on an annual basis.

This document describes the process used at the Idaho National Laboratory’s (INL) High Temperature Test Laboratory (HTTL) for measuring specific heat capacity using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The document is divided into four sections: Approach, in which the technique is described; Setup, in which the physical system is described; Procedure, in which the testing steps are listed and detailed; and Example Test, in which a typical test is outlined following the steps listed in the Procedure section. Example data, results, photos, and curves are provided throughout the document to assist other users of this system.

Experience with Type C thermocouples operating for long periods in the 1400 to 1600 °C temperature range indicate that significant decalibration occurs, often leading to expensive downtime and material waste. As part of an effort to understand the mechanisms causing drift in these thermocouples, the Idaho National Laboratory conducted a long duration test at 1500 °C containing eight Type C thermocouples. As report in this document, results from this long duration test were adversely affected due to oxygen ingress. Nevertheless, results provide key insights about the impact of precipitate formation on thermoelectric response. Post-test examinations indicate that thermocouple signal was not adversely impacted by the precipitates detected after 1,000 hours of heating at 1,500 °C and suggest that the signal would not have been adversely impacted by these precipitates for longer durations (if oxygen ingress had not occurred in this test).

We report on a search for gravitational waves from coalescing compact binary systems in the Milky Way and the Magellanic Clouds. The analysis uses data taken by two of the three LIGO interferometers during the first LIGO science run and illustrates a method of setting upper limits on inspiral event rates using interferometer data. The analysis pipeline is described with particular attention to data selection and coincidence between the two interferometers. We establish an observational upper limit of $\mathcal{R}, Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures

This study determined the reproducibility of cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic responses to submaximal cycle ergometer exercise at two power outputs (50 W and 60% VO2max) on each of two separate days in a sample of 390 subjects (198 men and 192 women) participating in the HERITAGE Family Study. The same protocol was conducted across 3 d in an intracenter quality control substudy which included an additional 55 subjects. Reproducibility estimates included technical error, coefficient of variation, and intraclass correlation for each of the selected variables for both subject populations. Further, since the data were collected across four clinical centers, intraclass correlations were also computed separately by clinical center. Most variables were highly reproducible, with coefficients of variation below 9% and intraclass correlations over 0.80. These results were consistent for both subject populations and across all four clinical centers. Reproducibility indicators were generally better at the higher power output. It is concluded that within-subject day-to-day variation and measurement unreliabilities are generally small compared with the between-subject variance in the response to submaximal exercise at each of the clinical centers of the HERITAGE Family Study.

A review of twin pregnancies in women under 20 years of age at conception showed a ratio of dizygotic twins to monozygotic twins of 3:2. This is at variance with the ratio previously noted in other age groups.

SummarySummaryUsing a retrospective approach, twin deliveries between 1989 and 1994 at this hospital were divided into three groups. 18 cases where prostaglandin had been used to induce labour, 18 controls matched with the first group for various factors where no prostaglandin had been used, and 63 remaining cases.There were few differences in outcome between the groups. Further intervention, in particular, artificial rupture of the membranes, with or without oxytocin, was more common in group 1, 61 per cent, compared with groups 2 and 3, 23-5 per cent (p< 0 01).

SummaryWomen presenting with a threatened abortion with ultrasound evidence of early demise of a second twin were compared with a control group with threatened abortion but but no evidence of a second twin.Eighteen of the 47 surviving twins died in ulero, usually within two weeks after the demise of the first twin.

(1992). Fetus vanescens, fetus compressus and fetus papyraceus. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology: Vol. 12, No. 6, pp. 375-376.

The reproducibility of responses to maximal cycle ergometer testing was determined using data from the HERITAGE Family study at four Clinical Centers in the United States and Canada.Reproducibility was determined from maximal exercise test data obtained a) on 2 d in a sample of 390 subjects (198 men and 192 women), b) across 4 d in an Intracenter Quality Control (ICQC) substudy with 55 subjects who were not part of the main study, and c) across 2 wk in a Traveling Crew Quality Control (TCQC) substudy with the same eight subjects who were tested at each of the four centers. Reproducibility was evaluated using technical errors, coefficients of variation (CV) for repeated measures, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for selected variables obtained on the main cohort, as well as on the ICQC and TCQC substudies.With the exception of systolic and diastolic blood pressures and respiratory exchange ratio, all the other variables (heart rate, ventilation, VO2, and VCO2) were highly reproducible, with CV below 10% and ICC over 0.86. These results were similar to those previously reported on the same subjects at a submaximal power output associated with 60% VO2max. Results were consistent for the main cohort, the ICQC sample, the TCQC sample, and across all four Clinical Centers.Day-to-day variations are small and reproducibility is high for maximal values of heart rate, ventilation, VO2 and VCO2 at each of the four Clinical Centers of the HERITAGE Family Study.

(1993). Episiotomy scar endometriosis. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology: Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 205-205.

(1991). Rupture of the Cervix During Gemeprost Middle Trimester Abortion. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology: Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 295-295.

SummaryA study was undertaken on 6 women undergoing an artificial menopause to determine whether LH levels are an accurate guide to the oestrogenic state. Plasma oestradiol levels would appear to be a more accurate guide in these cases.

SummaryFour varieties of entanglement of twin fetuses during labour are reported, and the literature is reviewed.

SummaryA follow-up study of 17 menopausal patients receiving piperazine oestrone sulphate (‘Harmogen’), the efficiency measured by the effect on plasma oestradiol levels, was conducted in two groups of patients. The first group had undergone an artificial menopause. Clinical relief of symptoms again correlated with the effect of the oestradiol levels, the duration of the effect exceeding the period of therapy by 3 months.

SummaryA clinical trial of piperazine oestrone sulphate (‘Harmogen’), the efficiency measured by the effect on plasma oestradiol levels, was conducted against a placebo in 20 patients who had undergone an artificial menopause. Clinical relief of symptoms correlated with the effect on the oestradiol levels.