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The propagation of wireless networks in e-business applications demands efficient and robust anomaly detection techniques to ensure data security and reliable communication. A conventional autoencoder is learned to efficiently compress data as an unsupervised neural network within an encoding process. The autoencoder can learn to rebuild the information from the compact model so that the dissimilarity of the reconstructed to the original data is on least. Conventional wireless communication techniques are developed to deliver consistent data transmit through an impaired channel of the transferred signals. This work presents an autoencoder model for an end-to-end information bits communication system over a wireless channel with reliable transmission. The Autoencoder for energy-efficient wireless networks is defined with a pair of (channel uses number, and input bits number). For both the transmitter (encoder) and receiver (decoder), the developed network architecture includes only two fully connected layers. The transmitter includes two fully connected layers and the input layer allows a vector (one-hot) with M length. Several normalized autoencoders are compared for the learned constellations to unit average power and unit energy. The AWGN channel layer is connected after the transmitter (encoder) layers. The training progress result demonstrated that the validation loss remains slowly declining, while the validation accuracy rapidly achieves a value larger than 92%. The block error rate (BLER) outcome demonstrated that the autoencoders could be trained and learned as a modulation scheme and joint coding in an unsupervised method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction industry has yet to reach significant levels of digitalisation compared to other sectors, which could enhance its processes. Recent building failures globally have eroded public trust in the industry, highlighting issues of compliance. This has prompted the introduction of building regulations, where digitalisation is expected to play a key role in supporting compliance. This paper aims to assess the impact of digitalisation on two key stakeholder groups within the construction industry—designers and builders—across various organisational sizes. A questionnaire survey was conducted with designers and builders in Australia, focusing on information technology (IT) infrastructure, digital capability, training, and research and development. Descriptive statistics were analysed and cross-analyses between designers and builders, as well as across different organisation sizes, were conducted using the Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis H tests. The findings revealed clear differences between designers and builders regarding digitalisation across IT infrastructure, digital capability, training, and R&D. For example, builders primarily rely on cloud storage while designers use a combination of local and cloud storage. Designers allocate a higher percentage of their turnover to IT, whereas builders are twice as likely as designers to lack structured training for digital skills. When organisation size was considered independently, similarities were observed across sizes. These results provide insight into the current digitalisation landscape in construction, offering a foundation to support the adoption of future industry regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the changes in the legal field brought about by digital technology, especially artificial intelligence. Focusing on how these changes have impacted the online business environment. The study wants to analyze how tools such as contract analysis algorithms, virtual legal assistance systems, and other solutions based on artificial intelligence bring new challenges to this field. At the same time, the article highlights the opportunities and challenges brought by these technological developments. Among the most important issues are data security, privacy, legal liability, and how traditional legal systems adapt to new digital requirements. It also examines how legal professionals are prepared to adapt to the changes brought about by the growth of e-commerce. The analysis shows how well artificial intelligence can ease legal processes specific to e-commerce. Access to justice and the costs and time needed to resolve disputes can be significantly reduced with the help of new technologies. The article helps to understand how changes in legal systems are directly influenced by the digitization of the online commerce environment.

The telecommunications industry plays a crucial role in global connectivity and communication. As sustainability concerns become increasingly important, telecom companies must prioritize sustainable practices throughout their supply chains. Information systems have emerged as powerful tools for enhancing supply chain sustainability in this industry. This study utilizes the VIKOR method to analyze the factors that significantly impact information systems on supply chain sustainability in the telecom sector. The analysis demonstrates that real-time data visibility and inventory management are the most influential factors in improving supply chain sustainability in the telecom industry. These factors enable companies to track and optimize inventory levels effectively, minimize waste, and enhance resource utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-commerce has changed the shopping environment in the digital age, bringing with it both new opportunities and challenges for studying customer behavior. Businesses need to examine the cognitive principles underlying the growing trend of consumers making purchases through online platforms. Gaining an understanding of these concepts is crucial to improving customer satisfaction, user experience, and eventually sales. The main cognitive concepts affecting online consumer behavior in e-commerce platforms are examined in this article.

National security is that state of equilibrium, legality, economic, social and political stability that guarantees the existence and development of the sovereign, unitary, independent indivisible state, through order, rights and civil liberties. National security leads to the achievement of continuously evolving values, guided by constitutional-democratic principles. The national interest becoming the fundamental thesis in applied foreign policy. Security policy is represented in the longterm organization, and ensuring safety change and innovation. Security strategies, thus succeeding in the adoption of measures that counteract the threats that evade the security state. A strong nation is built through shared norms and values, goals and aspirations, of greater importance than individual interests. The protection of the citizen represents a vision, an integral and important part of the National Strategy for the Defense of the Country. Since ancient times, networks have provided basic structures for the development of the economic-social system in various areas of the world. In the 20th century, telecommunications networks were added to them, which allow overcoming several barriers of time and space, as well as access to new frontiers of human interaction. Focusing on prevention and preventive mechanisms in the sphere of national security and defense of the country, respectively better anticipation, knowledge, but also the achievement of an integrated, balanced, flexible and agile reaction capacity. In the current context, in addition to knowing the risks and threats, under all aspects - sources, forms of manifestation, means, techniques - the development of the ability to anticipate, based on knowledge and education, is fundamental. For this purpose, the development of appropriate systems for the timely discovery of dangers, risks and threats, in the perspective of preventing their occurrence, through the combined use of both military means and civilian instruments, is mandatory, as well as the allocation of resources through a integrated, continuous, multi-annual and rigorous planning process, capable of meeting both the new inter-institutional planning requirements, at the national level, and the rigors of the multi-annual budgetary planning principles specific to the North Atlantic Alliance and the European Union.

Purpose: The paper discusses the application of outsourcing in logistics in companies operating online. Companies operating in the global market are constantly seeking new solutions that will enable them to gain and maintain a competitive advantage. One of the solutions used to increase the efficiency of an organisation is outsourcing. The main objective is to identify the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing in the online market. The application of outsourcing tools in business activities, such as using external companies for the distribution of goods, influences the increase in the competitiveness of companies in the online market through the rapid delivery of products. The use of external logistics operators increases the capacity of companies and helps them strengthen their competitive position in the market. Design/methodology/approach: The objective of the paper was achieved through the theoretical and empirical analysis of the research presented. The paper presents the results of research into online sales behaviour and identifies the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing. The optimal solution to satisfy customer needs is the use of outsourcing, which is characterised by the high quality of services offered by external entities supporting the operation of companies. Findings: Nowadays, an organisation's success factor is increasingly the ability to manage relationships with customers and suppliers, which refers to both the level of customer service and cooperation with contractors. Many companies, including those operating online, are considering using special logistics outsourcing, the aim of which is to reduce costs and limit unnecessary investments. For example, using courier companies is a good practice of modern companies. This means they do not need to have their own transport, which often generates considerable costs. Research limitations/implications: The topic discussed in the paper is very important in the modern context due to the significant development of online sales. To meet public expectations, cooperation with suppliers is a must. Companies, by signing contracts with external operators, can ensure the quick delivery of shipments without the need to have their own transport. During the research, certain limitations were observed in accessing information, both domestic and international, which could have facilitated a more thorough analysis. Another limitation is finding a larger group of respondents willing to participate in the research. Despite these limitations, the author plans to continue research in this area. Practical implications: Outsourcing is currently used in most industries, regardless of their specifics, which gives this tool a universal character. Companies deciding to use outsourcing should be aware that its implementation requires the execution of many complex actions and detailed analyses, often preceded by significant changes in the organisation's operations. Nowadays, cooperation with contractors is one of the most important factors determining the success of an organisation. Social implications: The paper raises public awareness regarding the use of outsourcing in logistics. The described issues enable the audience to seek new solutions in the activities of various industries. Despite the widespread use of outsourcing, many relationships based on this type of cooperation do not end in success. Originality/value: The added value of the article is to increase the efficiency of companies through the introduction of outsourcing. The issues presented make it possible to increase competitive advantage in a dynamic market. Many companies are considering the use of special logistics outsourcing to reduce costs and unnecessary investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurship has attracted much attention to both research and practice in the last two decades. Particularly, with the advent of new information and communication technologies, research into electronic entrepreneurship (e-entrepreneurship) is experiencing much interest. For instance, social media platforms have introduced new market dynamics as a result of new social interaction for communicating information, knowledge, values and ethics relevant to products and services. Grounded in the social cognition theory, this research focuses on how certain factors (e.g., entrepreneurial passion, entrepreneurial role model, and entrepreneurial self-perceived creativity) influence e-entrepreneurship intention and whether social media usage augments the positive effects of these factors on the e-entrepreneurship intention. The proposed model and its associated hypotheses were tested by using Partial Least Squares (PLS) structural equation modelling (SEM). The study draws on a sample of 354 students at Iraqi universities. Findings revealed that entrepreneurial passion, role models, and self-perceived creativity significantly influence e-entrepreneurship intention. Furthermore, the positive impacts of entrepreneurial passion and self-perceived creativity on e-entrepreneurship intention are greater among entrepreneurs who intend to apply social media in their future businesses. The main conclusions of this work can be valuable to entrepreneurs that intend to explore or seize opportunities in the digital economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supply chains (SCs) serve many sectors that are, in turn, affected by e-commerce which rely on the make-to-order (MTO) system to avoid a risk in following the make-to-stoke (MTS) policy due to poor forecasting demand, which will be difficult if the products have short shelf life (e.g., refrigeration foodstuffs). The weak forecasting negatively impacts SC sectors such as production, inventory tracking, circular economy, market demands, transportation and distribution, and procurement. The forecasting obstacles are in e-commerce data types that are massive, imbalanced, and chaotic. Using machine learning (ML) algorithms to solve the problem works well because they quickly classify things, which makes accurate forecasting possible. However, it was found that the accuracy of ML algorithms varies depending on the SC data sectors. Therefore, the presented conceptual framework discusses the relations among ML algorithms, the most related sectors, and the effective scope of tackling their data, which enables the companies to guarantee continuity and competitiveness by reducing shortages and return costs. The data supplied show the e-commerce sales that were made at 47 different online stores in Egypt and the KSA during 413 days. The article proposes a novel mechanism that hybridizes the CatBoost algorithm with Dingo Optimization (Cat-DO), to obtain precise forecasting. The Cat-DO has been compared with other six ML algorithms to check its superiority over autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), long short-term memory (LSTM), deep neural network (DNN), categorical data boost (CatBoost), support vector machine (SVM), and LSTM-CatBoost by 0.52, 0.73, 1.43, 8.27, 15.94, and 13.12%, respectively. Transportation costs were reduced by 6.67%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National security is that state of equilibrium, legality, economic, social and political stability that guarantees the existence and development of the sovereign, unitary, independent indivisible state, through order, rights and civil liberties. National security leads to the achievement of continuously evolving values, guided by constitutional-democratic principles. The national interest becoming the fundamental thesis in applied foreign policy. Security policy is represented in the longterm organization, and ensuring safety change and innovation. Security strategies, thus succeeding in the adoption of measures that counteract the threats that evade the security state. A strong nation is built through shared norms and values, goals and aspirations, of greater importance than individual interests. The protection of the citizen represents a vision, an integral and important part of the National Strategy for the Defense of the Country. Since ancient times, networks have provided basic structures for the development of the economic-social system in various areas of the world. In the 20th century, telecommunications networks were added to them, which allow overcoming several barriers of time and space, as well as access to new frontiers of human interaction. Focusing on prevention and preventive mechanisms in the sphere of national security and defense of the country, respectively better anticipation, knowledge, but also the achievement of an integrated, balanced, flexible and agile reaction capacity. In the current context, in addition to knowing the risks and threats, under all aspects - sources, forms of manifestation, means, techniques - the development of the ability to anticipate, based on knowledge and education, is fundamental. For this purpose, the development of appropriate systems for the timely discovery of dangers, risks and threats, in the perspective of preventing their occurrence, through the combined use of both military means and civilian instruments, is mandatory, as well as the allocation of resources through a integrated, continuous, multi-annual and rigorous planning process, capable of meeting both the new inter-institutional planning requirements, at the national level, and the rigors of the multi-annual budgetary planning principles specific to the North Atlantic Alliance and the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of E-wallets in the Philippines experienced remarkable growth in recent years. This study investigated the key factors influencing the intention to use E-wallets among Generation Z and Millennials in the country, employing an extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) framework. A total of 500 respondents from these demographic groups participated in an online survey featuring 24 indicators, selected through a stratified sampling method. Using Partial Least Square - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the analysis revealed that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, social influence, attractiveness of alternatives, perceived trust, perceived security, and perceived value significantly influenced users' intention to adopt E-wallets. Notably, perceived trust emerged as a stronger predictor than perceived value. This research provided valuable insights into the factors shaping user intentions and consumer satisfaction, enhancing the understanding of E-wallet adoption in the industry. Furthermore, the incorporation of the extended TAM strengthened the theoretical framework for studying E-wallet adoption in developing countries like the Philippines.

The purpose of the article is to assess the level of sustainable development in individual countries in one of the regions of the Earth. The object of the study is the development in the Middle East and the e-commerce system. At the same time, the scientific task will be to form a system for an integral assessment of information and e-commerce in these countries in order to understand which countries are ready for the era of Industry 5.0 and which are not. We have determined that sustainable development is a long-term phenomenon in which countries must be prepared both from a technological and legal point of view for the new era of Industry 5.0. The research methodology involves the use of an integral assessment method to determine the level of sustainable development in the countries of the Middle East, and a standardization method to normalize selected indicators. As a result of the study, a methodological approach to assessing the level of sustainable development based on performance indicators of commercial activities in the region was presented. We selected several countries in the Middle East and determined their level of sustainable development based on indicators of commercial activity in the regions in order to understand which are ready for the era of Industry 5.0 and which are not. The study has a limitation by not taking into account all countries in the selected region of the Earth. Prospects for further research will be aimed at expanding the system for assessing the level of sustainable development for a larger number of countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an automated irrigation system developed for the needs of private farms and non-profit organizations in the Balkans. Specific hardware and software components are combined for its construction and efficient management. The system is undergoing trials and test implementation among selected groups of customers. For the convenience of users, with the aim of saving time and costs, as well as for continuous remote access to the system, a mobile application has been developed for monitoring work processes, climatic conditions and water supplies. The methodology for the design and implementation of the proposed system and the mobile application for its control included preliminary test studies and discussions with potential customers in need of remotely controlled irrigation systems, including difficult-to-access areas. The authors of the paper present implemented solutions in the mobile application. This paper describes the basic processes of building the system, available hardware components, software management and user interface of the mobile application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of electronic business evolution in the system of selling products, goods, and services. It is proved in the article that e-business is a prerequisite for economic growth in Ukraine in the context of ongoing military operations despite the reduction in consumption of some goods and services. It is shown that due to the adaptation of sales mechanisms a number of advantages in e-business are formed in comparison with traditional methods of organizing trade and services. It is proved that the formation of new mechanisms for selling goods and rendering services provides alternative sources of economic growth. The article demonstrates that Ukraine underwent a military economic correction, during which business was initially disoriented, but within two years it began to recover to a level that would ensure a basic level of business activity for all operating enterprises. The resumption of business activity calls for the use of modern and special forms and methods of organizing e-business, which will serve to meet the growing demand of enterprises for the supply of components, as well as for various information, marketing, financial, educational and other services. Business also needs new methods of protecting and ensuring stable operations by both government agencies and IT companies, which themselves are a form of e-business. The article proves that one of the factors of enterprise revenue growth is the intensification of e-business, in particular by expanding to other places for distributing goods and services. In modern conditions, the demand from the public and enterprises for goods and services, which are often inaccessible due to infrastructure facilities, is growing again. The e-business forecast shows that this segment will develop rapidly and meet the growing demand for goods and services that are often inaccessible due to the destruction of infrastructure. In the face of threats to e-business, the potential for its development is growing significantly due to the specifics of using infrastructure, payment systems, and marketing systems. Economic growth in the postwar period is closely related to the development of e-business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-commerce has changed the shopping environment in the digital age, bringing with it both new opportunities and challenges for studying customer behavior. Businesses need to examine the cognitive principles underlying the growing trend of consumers making purchases through online platforms. Gaining an understanding of these concepts is crucial to improving customer satisfaction, user experience, and eventually sales. The main cognitive concepts affecting online consumer behavior in e-commerce platforms are examined in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancements in digital technology necessitate a shift from traditional linear buyer-supplier value chains to a network-centric approach facilitated by digital platforms. Despite digital platforms being a dominant model for transformation, limited research has explored the enablers for incumbent pipeline firms to embrace platformization. To address this gap, this study reviews existing literature on digital transformation, identifying nine enablers for digital platformization: changing client behavior, information technology (IT) capabilities development, structural efficiencies, disruptive competitive forces, scope advantages, economic triggers, disruptive third-party technology, creation of autonomous corporate structures, and regulatory compliance. Case studies of platformization in diverse industries are analyzed using the modified total interpretive structural modeling (m-TISM) approach, resulting in a hierarchical model with five levels. This model delineates interrelationships among trigger events, external enablers, internal organizational enablers, process enablers, and outcome drivers. Furthermore, the study highlights that the creation and extraction of value from digital platforms are operationalized through e-business strategies, contributing insights to e-business literature by discussing the implications of these enablers on dimensions such as commerce, collaboration, communication, connection, and computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supply chains (SCs) serve many sectors that are, in turn, affected by e-commerce which rely on the make-to-order (MTO) system to avoid a risk in following the make-to-stoke (MTS) policy due to poor forecasting demand, which will be difficult if the products have short shelf life (e.g., refrigeration foodstuffs). The weak forecasting negatively impacts SC sectors such as production, inventory tracking, circular economy, market demands, transportation and distribution, and procurement. The forecasting obstacles are in e-commerce data types that are massive, imbalanced, and chaotic. Using machine learning (ML) algorithms to solve the problem works well because they quickly classify things, which makes accurate forecasting possible. However, it was found that the accuracy of ML algorithms varies depending on the SC data sectors. Therefore, the presented conceptual framework discusses the relations among ML algorithms, the most related sectors, and the effective scope of tackling their data, which enables the companies to guarantee continuity and competitiveness by reducing shortages and return costs. The data supplied show the e-commerce sales that were made at 47 different online stores in Egypt and the KSA during 413 days. The article proposes a novel mechanism that hybridizes the CatBoost algorithm with Dingo Optimization (Cat-DO), to obtain precise forecasting. The Cat-DO has been compared with other six ML algorithms to check its superiority over autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), long short-term memory (LSTM), deep neural network (DNN), categorical data boost (CatBoost), support vector machine (SVM), and LSTM-CatBoost by 0.52, 0.73, 1.43, 8.27, 15.94, and 13.12%, respectively. Transportation costs were reduced by 6.67%.

The goal of this paper is an overview of e-business sector in the European Union (EU), the one emphasizing its diversity and complexity in today's digital world. Starting from a simple internet connection - which is the first step in e-business - enteprises proceed to making their own website and using fast internet speed and special software for managing their activities and keeping track of their customers. In this article below we'll look at the concepts, history and evolutions of e-business sector in the EU . Based on Eurostat data and on other international reports and studies, we highlight how many entreprises în EU are in these e-business categories starting from using a simple internet connection and developing own websites to using advanced software for planning activities(ERP) but also to have a management of better customer relations(CRM). Finally, our analysis confirms that digitization comes to be the highest at the large companies – i.e. for their both financial resources and customer public’s size – and limited for the small ones – i.e. at least, on the ERP and CRM usage side, while, though, the on-line presence by web-sites looks about the same level for companies of all sizes.

The construction industry has yet to reach significant levels of digitalisation compared to other sectors, which could enhance its processes. Recent building failures globally have eroded public trust in the industry, highlighting issues of compliance. This has prompted the introduction of building regulations, where digitalisation is expected to play a key role in supporting compliance. This paper aims to assess the impact of digitalisation on two key stakeholder groups within the construction industry—designers and builders—across various organisational sizes. A questionnaire survey was conducted with designers and builders in Australia, focusing on information technology (IT) infrastructure, digital capability, training, and research and development. Descriptive statistics were analysed and cross-analyses between designers and builders, as well as across different organisation sizes, were conducted using the Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis H tests. The findings revealed clear differences between designers and builders regarding digitalisation across IT infrastructure, digital capability, training, and R&D. For example, builders primarily rely on cloud storage while designers use a combination of local and cloud storage. Designers allocate a higher percentage of their turnover to IT, whereas builders are twice as likely as designers to lack structured training for digital skills. When organisation size was considered independently, similarities were observed across sizes. These results provide insight into the current digitalisation landscape in construction, offering a foundation to support the adoption of future industry regulations.

The purpose of this study was to design an e-business developing model in sports industry in the country. The method of this research was one of the applied researches, and was done with qualitatively method and by semi-constructed interviews helping. The statistical research community of this study was: Top level sport managers (Managers of the top clubs in the country and heads of sports federations) that Familiar with the subject of e-commerce and e-sports marketing and related topics, faculty members specializing in this field and managers and planners of reputable domestic sites who are planning and selling sports products. The research findings were analyzed in the form of an ebusinesses development model and the coding was done up to the most abstract stage by the researcher. The results of this study showed that the country's sports industry, like other money-making industries in the country, is moving towards exploiting the benefits of the electronic world. But it is doing by a low speed. The researchers were looking for ways to speed up the process. The cases mentioned by the experts were in the 6 areas of form; Economic, socialcultural, political- legal, managerial and infrastructure development sectors. Experts involved in this study consider development infrastructure and management factors to be the most important factors. Updated and committed managers can help to provide the development infrastructure for fast moving as possible to this type of business. In order to classify the data obtained from the interview, the software for analyzing the qualitative data (Nvivo 10 version) was used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this article is to enhance the operational processes (reduce processing time, improve management) of accounting offices in the implementation of structured electronic invoices. The article analyzes the significance of these entities in the context of transitioning from traditional paper invoices to electronic invoices, and identifies the benefits, challenges and solutions associated with their involvement in this process. Design/methodology/approach: The research utilizes a methodology based on literature analysis and a questionnaire survey among enterprises providing accounting services, aiming to comprehend their perspective in the context of implementing structured electronic invoices. Findings: The outcome of the research involves the creation of three scenarios for dealing with clients of accounting offices in the implementation of structured electronic invoices. Research limitations/implications: The research is based on a limited range of respondents, which may affect the overall representativeness of the results. Furthermore, rapidly evolving technologies and regulations may impact the relevancy of some findings in the future. Practical implications: The findings of this study suggest that collaboration with entities providing accounting services can significantly facilitate businesses in the process of implementing structured electronic invoices. Companies should consider the benefits of external support in order to effectively transition to new solutions. Originality/value: The article contributes to the discussion about the changing role of entities providing accounting services in the digital transformation of B2B services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is an overview of e-business sector in the European Union (EU), the one emphasizing its diversity and complexity in today's digital world. Starting from a simple internet connection - which is the first step in e-business - enteprises proceed to making their own website and using fast internet speed and special software for managing their activities and keeping track of their customers. In this article below we'll look at the concepts, history and evolutions of e-business sector in the EU . Based on Eurostat data and on other international reports and studies, we highlight how many entreprises în EU are in these e-business categories starting from using a simple internet connection and developing own websites to using advanced software for planning activities(ERP) but also to have a management of better customer relations(CRM). Finally, our analysis confirms that digitization comes to be the highest at the large companies – i.e. for their both financial resources and customer public’s size – and limited for the small ones – i.e. at least, on the ERP and CRM usage side, while, though, the on-line presence by web-sites looks about the same level for companies of all sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital marketing is one of the most important things that affect the targeted growth and development of e-businesses, digital marketing is essential for achieving business goals. Digital marketing has emerged as a powerful tool for businesses, enabling them to create brand awareness, build trust, and increase consumer awareness. This study aims to determine the influence of social media-based digital marketing on online businesses and impact of digital marketing (social media) on e-business growth. The role and applicability of social media on e-business growth is the main topic of this paper. This study aims to determine the influence of social media-based digital marketing on e-businesses and impact of digital marketing (social media) on business growth. The study paper's goal is to evaluate the efficacy of social media and digital media marketing techniques on e-business growth. The paper primarily examines the value of digital marketing as well as the impact of social media and technology tools on the efficacy of digital advertising strategies. In this paper, we bring a lot of information from different sources about digital marketing, where special importance is given to the impact of digital marketing on the growth of e-businesses. From the findings of this study, we came to the conclusion that digital marketing is necessary for a e-business, digital marketing affects the growth of a e-business and there are benefits of using digital marketing for e-business. Based on the fact that recently e-businesses have become very aware of investments in this field as any investment easily turns into profit, and based on the fact that digital marketing is the key to the success of business nowadays. The importance of this scientific research is that the knowledge gained from this work can be useful for another ebusinesses, how necessary is digital marketing for e-business, are they think that digital marketing affects the growth of a e-business, how aware they for the benefits of digital marketing for their e-business, what kind of digital marketing are they using for their e-business growth, digital marketing (social media) affects e-business growth. Also, it can be used to inspire those who have started their own e-business, showing you the role of digital marketing in your business. Numerous studies with results have been published on the relationships of personality factors with business intentions and business success. Also of particular importance in this research is the fact of how much an e-business can pay for digital marketing, to spend time or provide adequate staff for the realization of various advertisements, for the use of genuine marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the dynamics of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in e-business, particularly from the perspective of consumers in North Macedonia. The research aims to identify and evaluate the benefits and challenges of AI integration in e-business, explore the ethical concerns related to AI decision-making, and understand the impact of AI on consumer behaviour and preferences.

The Internet and digital technology are transforming our lives, every day with the paces in a dimension of a real revolution. These fast and deep transformations are now being considered worldwide, as the second most important revolution behind the industrial one. Regardless of these technological developments, the digital transformation of companies has had a slow but steady progress over the years. Business expectations and perception towards the need for digital transformation of services and the use of e- commerce are valued at high levels, receiving the main impetus during the two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, where online markets had an important role enabling the continuation of economic life despite social distancing restrictions. Referring the above, Albania has adhered to the European Union Directives related to electronic commerce, Directive 2000/31/EC on Electronic Commerce3 and Directive 1999/93/EC4,as well as other related directives, making possible the approximation of a high level of our legislation, in the light of these directives. In the present paper, through a legal assessment, special attention has been paid to the National Digital Agenda for the period 2022-2026 and legal rules on e-commerce in the Albanian legislation, aiming to analyze the legal provisions, which regulate it in this regard. Also, an important objective of this paper is also the fact that it may serve as an important basis for further studies in this field. The analysis of the e-commerce legal regulation in Albania is based on the qualitative method, which contains also the research, analytical, descriptive, interpretive methods. The results of this paper, which treats an innovative topic, will stimulates debate in the academic level and contribute to the legal doctrine in Albania that lacks such.

The paper focuses on highlighting the weaknesses and lack of legislation for the electronic notarization of electronic contracts, not only in Kosovo’s business field. The idea of electronic notarization is new in Kosovo and is considered a complex task for the regulation of contractual obligations, which condition the modern activities of e-business. The dynamics and dimensions of e-business development strongly influence the change in the techniques of concluding formal contracts at a distance through information technologies. New legislative practices in the modern world are successfully managing to eliminate or reduce these obstacles, which unintentionally complicate and slow down contractual legal relations between business partners. Notary services are no exception to this trend. Despite the positive trend, the legislation in Kosovo seems to be only in its beginnings, and as such it does not enable and guarantee business partners the electronic notarization of contracts, but unfortunately, there is no debate and no concrete initiatives so far. The first phase, which would better regulate this field, concerns the standardization through the validation of these contracts in the territory of Kosovo through criteria that prove and guarantee the accuracy of the contract.

This study aims to reveal the key drivers that influence young individuals to participate in e-entrepreneurship, an increasingly important aspect of economic growth and innovation. Through a survey of 305 Omani entrepreneurs, this research found that entrepreneurship role models, opportunity evaluation decisions, and entrepreneurship education were positively related to the intention to pursue e-entrepreneurship. Moreover, self-perceived creativity was found to significantly enhance the relationships among entrepreneurship role models, entrepreneurship education, and e-entrepreneurship intention.The results of this study offer valuable insights for policymakers in Oman as they highlight the crucial role that entrepreneurship role models, opportunity evaluation decisions, entrepreneurship education, and self-perceived creativity play in shaping young individuals’ attitudes toward e-entrepreneurship. This study makes important theoretical and practical contributions and provides a roadmap for policymakers seeking to promote entrepreneurship and support the growth of new business ventures.

Businesses are reshaping. Business models adapted to today's digital environment, which is dominated by increasingly advanced digital technologies, are emerging. E-business are digitalized businesses, i.e. those that have business processes that are carried out online, on the internet, on the extranet. These businesses are conducted through electronic data exchange. Digitized business includes not only the digital sale and purchase of goods and services, but also other activities related to digital business such as: digital services offered to customers, digital communication with employees, customers and partners. SMEs carry out digitized businesses are increasingly turning to electronic tools to provide them with security against data theft. They are increasingly, used by which companies: electronic signature, digital identity, cyber security. The paper presents a digital business development strategy model, both to transform a classic business into a digitized business (to include as many digital processes as possible), and to develop an already digitized business.

E-business in this VUCA era has been increasingly gaining scholars attention especially in the SMES sector. This systematic literature study with the objective to identify the issues faced by SMEs on five continents when they want to adopt e-business. Data was taken from the collection of literature on journal portals such as Google Scholar, Academia, Scopus, and Elsevier, with keywords SMEs, e-business, information technology, digital transformation, and competitiveness. The collection of the literature is not limited by the country. The more countries that are taken, the more this paper reflects the real problems faced by SMEs when they want to adopt e-business. There are 115 collected pieces of literature representing the five continents that exist. The findings obtained from this paper are that all SMEs on five continents have similar issues when they want to adopt e-business. The findings are classified into Technology, Organization, and Environment (TOE) to facilitate classification and analysis and it is found that Technology in terms of business communication, Organization in terms of human resources, and Environment in terms of ICT infrastructure are the most common issues when SMEs want to adopt e-business. However, each continent has its own characteristics.

In the evolving landscape of digital technology and global economic integration, the pivotal role of electronic business (E-business) in transforming traditional market structures and establishing new commercial paradigms has been increasingly recognized. This study focuses on the appraisal of E-business development amidst ongoing digitalization. Central to the investigation is the formulation of a contemporary information system model for Ebusiness evaluation. The research delineates the essential factors influencing E-business progression and identifies potential improvement areas. The primary subject of this analysis encompasses the modern information and technological systems underpinning electronic business operations. Evidence suggests that the technical state of a fundamental intangible asset, namely the E-commerce website, considerably influences cash flow generation. Notably, site visitors, whether organic, referred, or paid, do not uniformly convert into customers. This study establishes various criteria for the model's construction and introduces a comprehensive metric: an integral coefficient reflecting the website's technical condition, which directly affects visitor-to-customer conversion rates. A novel methodology for assessing internal factors impacting E-business cash flows has been developed. This approach enables the evaluation of an enterprise's technical features and the identification of deficiencies impeding potential sales, using the integral site condition coefficient. This research makes a significant contribution by presenting an innovative information model for E-business assessment in the tourism sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]