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Показана актуальность использования наземных тестовых участков для решения задач, направленных на получение объективных комплексных оценок изобразительного, измерительного и информационного качества материалов дистанционного зондирования Земли из космоса. Дан анализ отечественного опыта, накопленного при исследовании технологий применения наземных тестовых участков для оценки качества материалов космической съемки. Предложен единый методический подход формирования, поддержания в рабочем состоянии и развития сети наземных тестовых участков

The study of adhesive properties of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells evaluated from fibroblast colony-forming units in the bone marrow of adult mice and rats in populations of cells attached and unattached to plastic substrate after 2 h to 7 days in culture demonstrated both similarities and differences. The increase in the fibroblast colony-forming units in the adhesive population peaked on day 7 of in vitro culture in both cases; however, nearly no fibroblast colony-forming units were observed in the nonadhesive population from the mouse bone marrow in this period. Conversely, the number of colonies from the rat bone marrow nonadhesive population on day 7 of culture considerably increased, and this nonadhesive population in long-term culture became the source for subsequent nonadhesive subpopulations containing fibroblast colony-forming units. After 7 days of in vitro culture, the suspension of cells isolated from the liver of 17-day-old rat fetuses also contained a fraction of unattached fibroblast colony-forming units. In the nonadhesive subpopulations from the bone marrow and fetal liver, fibroblast colony-forming units were observed up to day 48 and 30, respectively. Stromal cell precursors of nonadhesive subpopulations from the rat bone marrow featured a period of colony formation reduced to 7 days (i.e., they were formed 1.5-2 times faster compared to the primary culture). The total number of fibroblast colony-forming units from all nonadhesive subpopulations was roughly 6 and 7.4 times that of the adhesive population of the primary culture from the bone marrow and fetal liver, respectively. Considering that the mammalian bone marrow remains the preferred source of mesenchymal stromal cells, using nonadhesive subpopulations in the presented culture system can considerably increase the yield of stromal precursor cells

The study of adhesive properties of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells evaluated from fibroblast colony-forming units in the bone marrow of adult mice and rats in populations of cells attached and unattached to plastic substrate after 2 h to 7 days in culture demonstrated both similarities and differences. The increase in the fibroblast colony-forming units in the adhesive population peaked on day 7 of in vitro culture in both cases; however, nearly no fibroblast colony-forming units were observed in the nonadhesive population from the mouse bone marrow in this period. Conversely, the number of colonies from the rat bone marrow nonadhesive population on day 7 of culture considerably increased, and this nonadhesive population in long-term culture became the source for subsequent nonadhesive subpopulations containing fibroblast colony-forming units. After 7 days of in vitro culture, the suspension of cells isolated from the liver of 17-day-old rat fetuses also contained a fraction of unattached fibroblast colony-forming units. In the nonadhesive subpopulations from the bone marrow and fetal liver, fibroblast colony-forming units were observed up to day 48 and 30, respectively. Stromal cell precursors of nonadhesive subpopulations from the rat bone marrow featured a period of colony formation reduced to 7 days (i.e., they were formed 1.5-2 times faster compared to the primary culture). The total number of fibroblast colony-forming units from all nonadhesive subpopulations was roughly 6 and 7.4 times that of the adhesive population of the primary culture from the bone marrow and fetal liver, respectively. Considering that the mammalian bone marrow remains the preferred source of mesenchymal stromal cells, using nonadhesive subpopulations in the presented culture system can considerably increase the yield of stromal precursor cells.

We studied the formation of hemopoietic colonies on an artificial sublayer in the peritoneal cavity of mice under the influence of stromal sublayers consisting of fibroblasts of six constant cell limes. All studied lines of stromal cells supported the formation of granulocytic foci and some of them supported the formation of erythroid foci as well. It was shown that hemopoiesis was preserved or, in some cases, enhanced on sublayers of fixed (metabolically inactive) cells. The treatment of fibroblasts by E. coli lipopolysaccharide did not lead, as a rule, to significant stimulation of hemopoiesis.

We studied the effects of low doses of continuous gamma-irradiation (Co60, 10 days, mean daily dose power 1.5-2.0 mGy, total dose 15 mGy) on hemopoietic and stromal progenitor cells of murine bone marrow. The content of hemopoietic clonogenic cells representing a "younger" (CFU-S-11) and more "mature" (CFU-S-7) categories in the compartment of stem cells was determined in the bone marrow. The state of bone marrow stroma was estimated by the method of in vitro cloning according to the number of progenitor cells that form colonies of fibroblasts (CFU-F) and by the method of ectopic transplantation according to the capacity of stroma of organizing and building new hemopoietic territories. Continuous gamma-irradiation at low doses, that were by one order of magnitude lower than those inducing hermesis, exerted a stimulating effect on both hemopoietic (CFU-S) and stromal (CFU-F) progenitor cells. The number of CFU-S in the compartment of stem cells of the bone marrow markedly increased and they formed larger hemopoietic territories but these cells appeared to create a qualitatively different microenvironment, which stimulated the proliferation of CFU-S.

The results of treatment of 85 patients with trophic ulcers of various origin by leukocytic serum were compared with the results of treatment of 46 patients treated by routine method. The best clinical and aesthetic effect of this treatment was revealed in a group of patients with trophic ulcers due to vein varicosity. From 58 patients epithelization was detected in 49 (84,5%). The relapses of trophic ulcers in a period from 6 months to 1,5 years were revealed in 5 patients. The use of leukocytic serum ensures high percent of closure of the ulcers chiefly of venous etiology.

The effects of leucocyte serum (LS) on bone marrow cells (BMC), thymus and HL-60 human myeloid leukemia cells were studied in liquid suspension and agar cultures. LS increased 3H-thymidine incorporation in BMC and intensified the cloning efficiency of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM) and human myeloid leukemia cells. No significant stimulatory effect on thymus cells was observed. It has been shown that LS prevents or markedly decreases the effect of granulocyte inhibitor (GI-3S2).

The effect of the physiologically active substances (histamine, serotonin) and their antagonists (bicarfene, cyproheptadine and preparation 407) on the growth of Chinese hamster fibroblasts in vitro has been studied. The cell survival evaluated from the number of colonies grown by the 7th day of cultivation served as criterion for the action of the substances under study. Determination of amines in fibroblast extracts was made by spectrofluorometry. It has been discovered that Chinese hamster fibroblasts are susceptible to a number of pharmacological preparations, antagonists of serotonin and histamine, and that histamine abolishes the inhibitory action of the respective antagonist on the colony growth. Biochemical analysis has shown that these fibroblasts contain tryptamine and serotonin and, tentatively, histamine. It is assumed that these endogenous physiologically active substances participate in the fibroblast growth control.

The effects of leucocyte serum (LS) on bone marrow cells (BMC), thymus and HL-60 human myeloid leukemia cells were studied in liquid suspension and agar cultures. LS increased 3H-thymidine incorporation in BMC and intensified the cloning efficiency of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM) and human myeloid leukemia cells. No significant stimulatory effect on thymus cells was observed. It has been shown that LS prevents or markedly decreases the effect of granulocyte inhibitor (GI-3S2).