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Background Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) involve an increased risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, the association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and ASCVD is not well established. Our aims were to evaluate the frequency of ASCVD [ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular accident (CVA)] after IBD diagnosis and to identify the risk factors associated with its development. Methods Observational, single-centre study which included all patients seen at the IBD Unit of the Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (Spain) between May 2010 and April 2022. Cardiovascular risk factors and the development of ASCVD were prospectively assessed; in addition, this information was sought selectively prior to IBD diagnosis and patients’ first visit to the unit. Regarding classical risk factors, we analysed hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes mellitus. As possible risk factors related to IBD, we analysed the presence of complex IBD which, in the case of Crohn's disease (CD), we defined as the presence of stricturing or penetrating behaviour or the need for bowel resection surgery, and, in the case of ulcerative colitis (UC), as an E3 extension or the need for colectomy. Finally, we analysed the coexistence of other IMIDs as a risk factor. Results A total of 2,153 patients were included (52% CD, 45% UC and 3% IBD-unclassified). Forty-nine percent were women and mean age at IBD diagnosis was 39 years. Twenty-four percent had hypertension, 14% dyslipidaemia and 8.6% diabetes; 59% were current or former smokers; 37% had an associated IMID (12% cutaneous and 7.9% joint). Prior to IBD diagnosis, 62 patients had presented with ASCVD (41 IHD and 21 CVA). After IBD diagnosis, 95 patients had at least one ASCVD (49 IHD and 46 CVA); after 31,516 patient-years of follow-up, the incidence of a first ASCVD was 0.31 per 100 patient-years (0.16 IHD and 0.15 CVA). The incidence of ASCVD was stable over time after IBD diagnosis. In the multivariate analysis (Table 1), age at IBD diagnosis >50 years (p Table 1. Figure 1. Figure 2. Conclusion The development of ASCVD in patients with IBD is associated with classical risk factors (hypertension and dyslipidaemia), as well as older age at diagnosis and male sex. The coexistence of other IMIDs does not increase the risk of ASCVD in these patients.

Background The association of several immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) in the same patient is well known. IMID, especially joint and cutaneous diseases, are frequently diagnosed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the degree of knowledge that patients with IBD have about the coexistence of other IMIDs is little studied. Our aim was to evaluate the accuracy of self-reporting of IMID by patients with IBD. Methods Prospective, unicentric study that included patients attended in person at the IBD Unit of the Central University Hospital of Asturias (Spain) between August 2020 and December 2021. Patients were invited to participate in the study, and, after signing the informed consent, they answered a questionnaire about the presence or not of 50 IMIDs (self-reported diagnosis). The diagnosis of an IMID was confirmed in the medical records of each patient (reference diagnosis). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy (proportion of subjects correctly classified) of self-reporting was calculated. Statistical analyses were performed with R software version 4.0.2. Results A total of 1,621 patients were included. Forty-four percent of patients had ulcerative colitis, 53% had Crohn's disease and 3% had an IBD-unclassified, 50% were men, and the age at diagnosis of IBD was 38±15.2 years. Seven hundred and twelve patients were receiving mesalazine, 67 corticosteroids, 394 immunomodulators and 532 biologics. Six hundred and twenty-seven (39%) patients were diagnosed with at least one IMID, 177 (10.9%) with two, 49 (3%) with three, and 17 (1%) with more than three. Sixteen percent of patients had a joint IMID and 15% a cutaneous IMID. Self-reporting of IMID by IBD patients has a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of 0.75 (95% CI 0.73-0,78), 0.89 (95% CI 0.86-0.91), 0.92 (95% CI 0.89-0.93), 0.69 (95% CI 0.66-0.73) and 0.81 (95% CI 0.79-0.83), respectively. Table 1 shows the results by IMID groups (joint, cutaneous, digestive, endocrinological, ocular, others), and Table 2 shows the results of the most frequent IMIDs. Conclusion Eighty-one percent of patients with IBD are able to correctly identify the coexistence or not of IMIDs. It was observed that in the case of joint IMIDs there is a significant percentage of patients who do not know whether or not they suffer from one of these diseases.

El objetivo de este estudio fue estudiar los efectos de una tarea dual en el tiro libre en baloncesto, comparando esa influencia en función de la categoría y el sexo de los jugadores. Los resultados muestran que existe un descenso del rendimiento provocado por la tarea dual de los baloncestistas de categoría infantil y junior (p

This research quantified the available residual biomass obtained from pruning vines stock. The additional biomass quantified could be used as a source of energy or as raw material for the wood industry and would provide additional income for fruit producers and also a more sustainable system. Several factors were analyzed: Variety, aim of the pruning, age of the plants, size of the plantation, crop yield and irrigation. Regression models were also calculated to predict the weight of dry biomass, obtained per tree and tonnes of dry biomass obtained per hectare, according to the significant factors. These equations could implement logistic planning as the Borvemar model, which defines a logistics network for supplying bio-energy systems. The results show that the shape of the structure of plantation has a strong influence on the quantity of biomass produced, and therefore on the quantity of pruning material. In the vineyards cultivated for fresh grape production, the horizontal trellis produces 3.5 kg/tree and 4.2 t/ha, the more dry matter per vine tree than the double of the high trellis, and the triple than the standard trellis. In the vineyards cultivated for wine production, the standard trellis and vase shape do not have significant differences, reaching 0.8 kg dry matter per vine tree. Nevertheless, on the other hand, the standard trellis produces 2.15 t/ha, a 25% more dry biomass per hectare than the vase shape. The presence of irrigation increases biomass in vineyards by 42%. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

[EN] This research quantified the available residual biomass obtained from pruning almond trees. The additional biomass quantified could be used as a source of energy or as raw material for the wood industry and would provide additional income for fruit producers and also a more sustainable system. Several factors were analyzed: Variety, aim of the pruning, age of the plants, size of the plantation, crop yield and irrigation. Regression models were also calculated to predict the weight of dry biomass obtained per tree and tonnes of dry biomass obtained per hectare according to the significant factors. These equations could implement logistic planning as the Borvemar model, which defines a logistics network for supplying bioenergy systems. Almond tree varieties were classified into three groups: a first group with high residual biomass productivity (average yield 12.6. kg dry biomass/tree), a second group with low productivity (average yield 4.5. kg dry biomass/tree) and a transition group with a intermediate biomass yield of 7. kg dry biomass/tree. This means that in Mediterranean areas the residual biomass from almond pruning reaches an average 1.34. t/ha annual. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.

The aim of this study was to define the dendrometric and dasometric parameters of five Mediterranean bushy plant species, to make their environmental assessment and to determine correlations with LIDAR data. The species studied were: Quercus coccifera, Rosmarinus officinalis, Ulex parviflorus, Cistus albidus, and Erica multiflora. We calculated the global form factor for each species so as to be able to determine the volume of the plants by measuring their base diameter and length. The model volume closest to the real volume was the cylinder, which had form factor values of between 0.8 and 2.33. We also studied the evolution of the moisture content of the vegetation after cutting. The initial values were from 20 to 30%, with a dry density of 1 t/m3. We defined an occupation factor to determine the relationship between the real volume occupied by the plants in an area and a model volume (hemisphere, paraboloid, cone, and cylinder). The occupation factor was similar for the five species studied in dm3 of material per m3 of (model) apparent volume: 3.5 dm3/m3 for the cylinder; 12.5 dm3/m3 for the cone; 8.5 dm3/m3 for the paraboloid; and 14.5 dm3/m3 for the hemisphere. These factors enabled us to calculate the biomass contained in an apparent volume of bushes (including materials and hollows) by density. The prediction models tested in this study will thus serve to determine the biomass of a bushy forest area when the Canopy Height Model (CHM) is calculated from LIDAR data.

The resources used in the collection of residual biomass, originating from the pruning operations of olive trees, by means of chippers fed by pick up headers were determined. The chippers were evaluated for the harvesting of the ligneous materials aligned between the crop lines. The resources employed were measured as labour hour per hectare, machine hours per hectare and fuel consumption. This quantification permits the economic analysis based on knowing the prices of these resources in a particular moment. The results show that manual alignment takes 5 h ha −1 , the chipper takes 1.6 h of machinery ha −1 and 4.8 h of man h ha −1 . The fuel consumption is 4.75 l of gas–oil h ha −1 , obtaining 1.98 t of dried biomass per hectare.

A new method is presented for the rapid classification of vegetable samples into negatives and non-negatives depending on their pesticide residue content. The method uses intervals developed during qualitative method validation to accurately distinguish between both types of sample, minimizing the possibility of releasing false positive and false negative results. It also enables a large number of samples to be processed simply and reliably. The method, which includes twenty pesticides including pyrethroids, and organophosphorus and organochlorine compounds, has been applied to two different vegetables (peppers and green beans). Recoveries are acceptable in all instances and limits of detection (LOD) are always below regulatory limits. Full-scan GC–(EI)MS is used to change the non-negative conclusion into either positive or negative by following typical confirmation procedures found in the literature.

A qualitative method for the screening of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) that could present in different types of vegetables has been established and validated. A typical multi-residue extraction procedure of OPs using ethyl acetate and sodium sulphate has been applied. No clean-up was required after extraction, and concentrated extracts were analysed by gas chromatography with pulsed-flame photometric detection (GC-PFPD). Confirmation of compound identities was performed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MSD) in the electron impact (EI) mode with full scan acquisition. Retention time locking (RTL) software was used in order to improve the method capability of identification and confirmation. Spiked samples at pesticide concentrations equal to the maximum residue level (MRL) were used to check chromatographic performance and for validation studies. The proposed method allows a rapid and accurate identification of the studied OPs until the ng ml(-1) range for those whose use is forbidden, and above their MRL concentration for the rest.

This research quantified the available residual biomass obtained from pruning olive trees. The additional biomass quantified could be used as a source of energy or as raw material for the wood industry and would provide additional income for fruit producers and also a more sustainable system. Several factors were analyzed: Variety, aim of the pruning, age of the plants, size of the plantation, crop yield and irrigation. Regression models were also calculated to predict the weight of dry biomass obtained per tree and tonnes of dry biomass obtained per hectare according to the significant factors. These equations could implement logistic planning as the Borvemar model, which defines a logistics network for supplying bio-energy systems. Olive tree varieties were classified into two groups for annual pruning: high residual biomass productivity (average yield 10.5 kg dry biomass tree −1 ) and low productivity (average yield 3.5 kg dry biomass tree −1 ). Some varieties are in transition between the two groups. There are no differences in biennial pruning, reaching an average residual biomass of 33 kg tree −1 . This means that in Mediterranean areas the residual biomass from olive pruning reaches an average 1.31 t ha −1 in annual pruning and 3.02 t ha −1 in biennial pruning.

In this work the suitability of mechanical pruning to reduce costs and increase profits in citrus orchards has been analyzed. Six different types of solely mechanical pruning were assessed, another six of mechanical pruning combined with subsequent manual pruning, and these were compared with traditional pruning. The most suitable method of cutting was determined as well as its influence on production, the quality of the fruit, and the biomass waste obtained. The results obtained indicate that the practice of mechanical pruning combined with manual pruning improves production, the cost being similar to traditional pruning. This means that profits are increased. The cost of combined pruning (mechanical + manual) is 800 € ha-1, reaching an increase in production of 30 kg per tree, which is equal to 18 t of fruit/ha. With a sale price of 192.3 € t-1 of fruit, an extra profit of 2,661.4 € ha-1 is obtained with respect to conventional manual pruning.